Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is one of the most difficult cancers in the head and neck region due to the complex geometry of the tumour and the surrounding critical organs. High-dose radical radiotherapy with or without concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality. […] The management of NPC in elderly patients is particularly challenging as they encompass a broad range of patient phenotypes and are often prone to treatment-related toxicities. […] Comprehensive geriatric assessment with evaluation on patients functional status, mental condition, estimated life expectancy, comorbidities, risks and benefits of the treatment, patients preference, and family support is essential. […] The management of NPC in the elderly population is particularly challenging. Elderly patients are at a higher risk of toxicity from anticancer treatment due to comorbidities, as well as suboptimal nutritional status, organ function, and/or social support as compared to younger patients.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and is particularly prevalent in southern China. […] The aim of this guideline is to better promote a Multidisciplinary Team to Holistic Integrative Medicine” (MDT to HIM) system for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of NPC. […] The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma are more suitable for China’s clinical practice, highlight Chinese characteristics, and have important clinical significance. […] Specialist with expertise in the management of NPC from following department should be included for optimal treatment and follow-up: Radiation, Head and neck surgery, Medical oncology, Pathology, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasonography, Endoscopic, Specialized nursing care, Psychiatry, Clinical nutrition, and Palliative care.

• #3 Patterns of Care and Outcome Analysis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Indonesian Single Institution Study

  https://journal.waocp.org/article_89092.html

  Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer is endemic to Southeast Asia. However, there is limited clinical evidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in Indonesia, which has the largest population in Southeast Asia. […] Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) was the first-line treatment for stages IIVB diseases. […] The patterns of care and treatment outcomes were potentially consistent with world standards, needing future validation. This is the largest study of newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal cancer in Indonesia, a huge disease burden, providing an important basis for the clinical management of this disease.

• #4 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is one of the most difficult cancers in the head and neck region due to the complex geometry of the tumour and the surrounding critical organs. High-dose radical radiotherapy with or without concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality. […] The management of NPC in elderly patients is particularly challenging as they encompass a broad range of patient phenotypes and are often prone to treatment-related toxicities. […] Comprehensive geriatric assessment with evaluation on patients functional status, mental condition, estimated life expectancy, comorbidities, risks and benefits of the treatment, patients preference, and family support is essential. […] The management of NPC in the elderly population is particularly challenging. Elderly patients are at a higher risk of toxicity from anticancer treatment due to comorbidities, as well as suboptimal nutritional status, organ function, and/or social support as compared to younger patients.

• #5 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #6 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  If you’re diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, you’ll be cared for by a team of different specialists who work together in a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Members of your MDT will discuss with you what they think the best treatment option is in your case. […] The 2 main treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer are: radiotherapy where radiation is used to kill cancer cells and chemotherapy where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. […] A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often used. […] Surgery isn’t usually used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer because it’s difficult for surgeons to access the affected area. […] If you smoke, it’s important you give up. Smoking increases your risk of cancer returning and may cause more side effects from treatment. […] Radiotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #7 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  If you’re diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, you’ll be cared for by a team of different specialists who work together in a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Members of your MDT will discuss with you what they think the best treatment option is in your case. […] The 2 main treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer are: radiotherapy where radiation is used to kill cancer cells and chemotherapy where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. […] A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often used. […] Surgery isn’t usually used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer because it’s difficult for surgeons to access the affected area. […] If you smoke, it’s important you give up. Smoking increases your risk of cancer returning and may cause more side effects from treatment. […] Radiotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #8

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and is particularly prevalent in southern China. […] The aim of this guideline is to better promote a Multidisciplinary Team to Holistic Integrative Medicine” (MDT to HIM) system for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of NPC. […] The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma are more suitable for China’s clinical practice, highlight Chinese characteristics, and have important clinical significance. […] Specialist with expertise in the management of NPC from following department should be included for optimal treatment and follow-up: Radiation, Head and neck surgery, Medical oncology, Pathology, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasonography, Endoscopic, Specialized nursing care, Psychiatry, Clinical nutrition, and Palliative care.

• #9

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and is particularly prevalent in southern China. […] The aim of this guideline is to better promote a Multidisciplinary Team to Holistic Integrative Medicine” (MDT to HIM) system for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of NPC. […] The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma are more suitable for China’s clinical practice, highlight Chinese characteristics, and have important clinical significance. […] Specialist with expertise in the management of NPC from following department should be included for optimal treatment and follow-up: Radiation, Head and neck surgery, Medical oncology, Pathology, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasonography, Endoscopic, Specialized nursing care, Psychiatry, Clinical nutrition, and Palliative care.

• #10 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Program | Stanford Cancer Institute

  https://med.stanford.edu/cancer/research/nasopharyngeal-cancer-program.html

  Our mission is to provide comprehensive care and to conduct cutting edge research with a focus on translating discoveries from bench to bedside to help treat and cure individuals with nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Our multidisciplinary group works together to care for patients throughout their treatment course for nasopharyngeal cancer, which is also known as nasopharynx cancer or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of the head and neck. […] We are dedicated to providing the best possible care to each patient now and helping to establish the standards of practice for the future. […] Dr. Beadle is a radiation oncologist who specializes in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. […] She is dedicated to caring for each patient as an individual, providing the optimal care through treatment and survivorship, and her research is devoted to using advanced technologies to improve cancer outcomes and minimize side effects for patients diagnosed with NPC.

• #11 Nasopharyngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Nasopharyngeal cancer is sometimes called nasopharyngeal carcinoma or cancer of the post-nasal space. It is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the nasopharynx. […] The symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer can include: a painless swelling or lump in the upper neck this is often the first symptom, changes in hearing, earache, fluid leaking from the ear, a blocked nose, nosebleeds, a headache. […] Nasopharyngeal cancer can be treated more successfully when it is diagnosed early. […] A team of specialists will meet to discuss the best possible treatment for you. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Your cancer doctor or specialist nurse will explain the different treatments, any possible side effects and the support you have. […] You will also usually be given advice about preparing for your treatment (sometimes called prehabilitation). This helps to improve your fitness and diet and help to get you ready mentally before treatment.

• #12 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  There is lack of treatment guidelines for optimal management for the elderly. […] This review highlights the specific consideration in assessment in elderly patients with NPC and summarises the current evidence-based treatment landscape. […] In addition, elderly patients usually have poor nutritional status, immobility, and cognitive decline, leading to impaired tolerability to treatment and higher risk of adverse events compared with the younger population. […] Both the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to develop individually tailored cancer care plans for elderly patients. […] It allows the clinical team to identify risk factors such as dementia, malnutrition, and poor social support, which may compromise the tolerability of treatment, and hence individual tailoring of recommendations to optimize cancer treatment and follow-up.

• #13 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  There is lack of treatment guidelines for optimal management for the elderly. […] This review highlights the specific consideration in assessment in elderly patients with NPC and summarises the current evidence-based treatment landscape. […] In addition, elderly patients usually have poor nutritional status, immobility, and cognitive decline, leading to impaired tolerability to treatment and higher risk of adverse events compared with the younger population. […] Both the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to develop individually tailored cancer care plans for elderly patients. […] It allows the clinical team to identify risk factors such as dementia, malnutrition, and poor social support, which may compromise the tolerability of treatment, and hence individual tailoring of recommendations to optimize cancer treatment and follow-up.

• #14 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  There is lack of treatment guidelines for optimal management for the elderly. […] This review highlights the specific consideration in assessment in elderly patients with NPC and summarises the current evidence-based treatment landscape. […] In addition, elderly patients usually have poor nutritional status, immobility, and cognitive decline, leading to impaired tolerability to treatment and higher risk of adverse events compared with the younger population. […] Both the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to develop individually tailored cancer care plans for elderly patients. […] It allows the clinical team to identify risk factors such as dementia, malnutrition, and poor social support, which may compromise the tolerability of treatment, and hence individual tailoring of recommendations to optimize cancer treatment and follow-up.

• #15 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  There is lack of treatment guidelines for optimal management for the elderly. […] This review highlights the specific consideration in assessment in elderly patients with NPC and summarises the current evidence-based treatment landscape. […] In addition, elderly patients usually have poor nutritional status, immobility, and cognitive decline, leading to impaired tolerability to treatment and higher risk of adverse events compared with the younger population. […] Both the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to develop individually tailored cancer care plans for elderly patients. […] It allows the clinical team to identify risk factors such as dementia, malnutrition, and poor social support, which may compromise the tolerability of treatment, and hence individual tailoring of recommendations to optimize cancer treatment and follow-up.

• #16 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  Early nutritional intervention can improve nutritional status, increase tolerance to cancer treatment, improve QoL, and prolong survival. […] In a matched cohort study, despite similar rates of complete locoregional response, survival of NPC patients aged 65 who underwent chemoradiotherapy was significantly lower than that of demographic-matched young-age control. […] The therapeutic benefit of concomitant chemotherapy in elderly NPC patients has remained uncertain. […] Nevertheless, in the MAC-NPC meta-analysis, a clear decrement in the hazard ratios for chemotherapy on OS was observable as age increases: 0.72 for age 50, 0.79 for age 5059, and 0.89 for age 60, suggesting a diminished therapeutic advantage for chemotherapy in elderly NPC patients. […] Despite serious concern about the higher rates of early mortality and acute radiation toxicities, currently there is a lack of clinical evidence to support de-escalation of radiation dose or volume for elderly NPC patients.

• #17 Eating changes and nasopharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/diet

  Nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment can affect the way you eat and drink. […] You might have difficulties with swallowing, taste changes, weight loss, and a dry mouth. […] There are things you and your healthcare team can do to help you cope with these problems. […] Your dietitian will assess you before you start treatment. They will suggest whether you need a feeding tube put into your stomach. This is usually a gastrostomy (PEG or RIG) tube. This goes through your skin into your stomach. You have liquid nutrition through the tube. This helps to reduce weight loss during treatment. […] Your nurse will give you mouthwashes to use and tell you how best to keep your mouth clean. […] Speech and language therapists play an important role during your treatment. They will help you with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and help you eat and drink safely.

• #18 Eating changes and nasopharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/diet

  Nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment can affect the way you eat and drink. […] You might have difficulties with swallowing, taste changes, weight loss, and a dry mouth. […] There are things you and your healthcare team can do to help you cope with these problems. […] Your dietitian will assess you before you start treatment. They will suggest whether you need a feeding tube put into your stomach. This is usually a gastrostomy (PEG or RIG) tube. This goes through your skin into your stomach. You have liquid nutrition through the tube. This helps to reduce weight loss during treatment. […] Your nurse will give you mouthwashes to use and tell you how best to keep your mouth clean. […] Speech and language therapists play an important role during your treatment. They will help you with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and help you eat and drink safely.

• #19 Eating changes and nasopharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/diet

  Nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment can affect the way you eat and drink. […] You might have difficulties with swallowing, taste changes, weight loss, and a dry mouth. […] There are things you and your healthcare team can do to help you cope with these problems. […] Your dietitian will assess you before you start treatment. They will suggest whether you need a feeding tube put into your stomach. This is usually a gastrostomy (PEG or RIG) tube. This goes through your skin into your stomach. You have liquid nutrition through the tube. This helps to reduce weight loss during treatment. […] Your nurse will give you mouthwashes to use and tell you how best to keep your mouth clean. […] Speech and language therapists play an important role during your treatment. They will help you with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and help you eat and drink safely.

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Rational nutritional care improves the tolerance to chemoradiotherapy and accelerates the post-treatment rehabilitation of patients. […] Enteral nutrition should be administered as early as possible at the start and during treatment. […] Parenteral nutrition should be given promptly when patients have feeding difficulties and cannot meet their daily needs. […] The chief complaint of patient is the gold standard for pain assessment, and pain intensity must be assessed before analgesic treatment. […] The most common type of NPC pathology is squamous carcinoma (SCC), accounting for more than 95% of cases. […] Comprehensive assessment of NPC requires a multidisciplinary team to holistic integrative medicine (MDT to HIM) approach to establish standard of care procedures for NPC, which will help to achieve optimal and individualized integrative therapy.

• #21 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  If you’re diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, you’ll be cared for by a team of different specialists who work together in a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Members of your MDT will discuss with you what they think the best treatment option is in your case. […] The 2 main treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer are: radiotherapy where radiation is used to kill cancer cells and chemotherapy where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. […] A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often used. […] Surgery isn’t usually used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer because it’s difficult for surgeons to access the affected area. […] If you smoke, it’s important you give up. Smoking increases your risk of cancer returning and may cause more side effects from treatment. […] Radiotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #22 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  It can be used on its own to treat very early-stage cancers, or in combination with chemotherapy for more advanced cancers. […] Most of the time, external radiotherapy is used. A machine focuses high-energy radiation beams on to the area that requires treatment. […] In nasopharyngeal cancer, an advanced form of external radiotherapy called intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is used. […] It involves aiming radiation beams of different strengths at a tumour from several different angles. This maximises the dose delivered to the tumour, while minimising the effect on the surrounding healthy tissue. […] External radiotherapy is often given in short sessions, once a day from Monday to Friday, with a break at weekends. […] This is usually carried out for up to 7 weeks. You won’t need to stay in hospital overnight between these appointments.

• #23 Nasopharyngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Nasopharyngeal cancer is sometimes called nasopharyngeal carcinoma or cancer of the post-nasal space. It is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the nasopharynx. […] The symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer can include: a painless swelling or lump in the upper neck this is often the first symptom, changes in hearing, earache, fluid leaking from the ear, a blocked nose, nosebleeds, a headache. […] Nasopharyngeal cancer can be treated more successfully when it is diagnosed early. […] A team of specialists will meet to discuss the best possible treatment for you. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Your cancer doctor or specialist nurse will explain the different treatments, any possible side effects and the support you have. […] You will also usually be given advice about preparing for your treatment (sometimes called prehabilitation). This helps to improve your fitness and diet and help to get you ready mentally before treatment.

• #24 Nasopharyngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Nasopharyngeal cancer is sometimes called nasopharyngeal carcinoma or cancer of the post-nasal space. It is a type of head and neck cancer that develops in the nasopharynx. […] The symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer can include: a painless swelling or lump in the upper neck this is often the first symptom, changes in hearing, earache, fluid leaking from the ear, a blocked nose, nosebleeds, a headache. […] Nasopharyngeal cancer can be treated more successfully when it is diagnosed early. […] A team of specialists will meet to discuss the best possible treatment for you. This is called a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Your cancer doctor or specialist nurse will explain the different treatments, any possible side effects and the support you have. […] You will also usually be given advice about preparing for your treatment (sometimes called prehabilitation). This helps to improve your fitness and diet and help to get you ready mentally before treatment.

• #25 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #26

  http://www.singhealth.com.sg/news/defining-med/npc-singapore

  Not only are primary care physicians crucial to screening and early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer, they can also play a key role throughout the patient journey by helping their patients manage the side effects and comorbidities during treatment, as well as survivorship care to optimise outcomes. […] Most patients undergoing treatment will experience some side effects. Radiation side effects are divided into acute effects (i.e., side effects that occur during radiation treatment) and late effects (i.e., side effects that manifest many months to years after completion of radiation). […] The oncologist will monitor patients closely during treatment to manage side effects, but patients may still present to primary care if their symptoms are not better, especially if after-hours. […] Primary care physicians play an important role in survivorship care. Some common issues that primary care physicians should pay attention to are listed in Table 4. […] NPC is not uncommon in Singapore. Primary care physicians play an important role in early detection of the cancer, managing comorbidities during treatment as well as looking after patients after the end of their treatment.

• #27 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #28

  http://www.singhealth.com.sg/news/defining-med/npc-singapore

  Not only are primary care physicians crucial to screening and early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer, they can also play a key role throughout the patient journey by helping their patients manage the side effects and comorbidities during treatment, as well as survivorship care to optimise outcomes. […] Most patients undergoing treatment will experience some side effects. Radiation side effects are divided into acute effects (i.e., side effects that occur during radiation treatment) and late effects (i.e., side effects that manifest many months to years after completion of radiation). […] The oncologist will monitor patients closely during treatment to manage side effects, but patients may still present to primary care if their symptoms are not better, especially if after-hours. […] Primary care physicians play an important role in survivorship care. Some common issues that primary care physicians should pay attention to are listed in Table 4. […] NPC is not uncommon in Singapore. Primary care physicians play an important role in early detection of the cancer, managing comorbidities during treatment as well as looking after patients after the end of their treatment.

• #29

  http://www.singhealth.com.sg/news/defining-med/npc-singapore

  Not only are primary care physicians crucial to screening and early detection of nasopharyngeal cancer, they can also play a key role throughout the patient journey by helping their patients manage the side effects and comorbidities during treatment, as well as survivorship care to optimise outcomes. […] Most patients undergoing treatment will experience some side effects. Radiation side effects are divided into acute effects (i.e., side effects that occur during radiation treatment) and late effects (i.e., side effects that manifest many months to years after completion of radiation). […] The oncologist will monitor patients closely during treatment to manage side effects, but patients may still present to primary care if their symptoms are not better, especially if after-hours. […] Primary care physicians play an important role in survivorship care. Some common issues that primary care physicians should pay attention to are listed in Table 4. […] NPC is not uncommon in Singapore. Primary care physicians play an important role in early detection of the cancer, managing comorbidities during treatment as well as looking after patients after the end of their treatment.

• #30 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #31 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #32 Eating changes and nasopharyngeal Cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/diet

  Nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment can affect the way you eat and drink. […] You might have difficulties with swallowing, taste changes, weight loss, and a dry mouth. […] There are things you and your healthcare team can do to help you cope with these problems. […] Your dietitian will assess you before you start treatment. They will suggest whether you need a feeding tube put into your stomach. This is usually a gastrostomy (PEG or RIG) tube. This goes through your skin into your stomach. You have liquid nutrition through the tube. This helps to reduce weight loss during treatment. […] Your nurse will give you mouthwashes to use and tell you how best to keep your mouth clean. […] Speech and language therapists play an important role during your treatment. They will help you with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and help you eat and drink safely.

• #33

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Rational nutritional care improves the tolerance to chemoradiotherapy and accelerates the post-treatment rehabilitation of patients. […] Enteral nutrition should be administered as early as possible at the start and during treatment. […] Parenteral nutrition should be given promptly when patients have feeding difficulties and cannot meet their daily needs. […] The chief complaint of patient is the gold standard for pain assessment, and pain intensity must be assessed before analgesic treatment. […] The most common type of NPC pathology is squamous carcinoma (SCC), accounting for more than 95% of cases. […] Comprehensive assessment of NPC requires a multidisciplinary team to holistic integrative medicine (MDT to HIM) approach to establish standard of care procedures for NPC, which will help to achieve optimal and individualized integrative therapy.

• #34 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #35 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #36 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC, Lymphoepithelioma) | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/93386

  The mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiotherapy in locoregional lesions as the non-keratinizing variety is highly radiosensitive. Surgical intervention is limited to salvage procedures in recurrent diseases, whereas chemotherapy is preferred concomitantly with radiation in advance stages. […] Radiotherapy is also employed when treatment failure or recurrence is seen. It has been proven useful in both local recurrence and nodal failures. In such cases, brachytherapy is considered keeping in mind the friability of the local tissue, the general condition of the patient, and the impact on vital organs of the region. […] NPC is highly chemo and radiosensitive. In advanced locoregional disease, concomitant chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay of management. The disease responds better with induction, and concurrent therapy is significant in shrinking the tumor bulk. The commonest agent used as the initial line of chemotherapeutic intervention is cisplatin.

• #37 NCCN Updates Guidelines for Preferred Frontline Regimen for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/nccn-updates-guidelines-for-preferred-frontline-regimen-for-advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  The NCCN released updated guidelines for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. […] Changes in the NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2025 for Cancer of the Nasopharynx in the recurrent, unresectable, oligometastatic, or metastatic setting include shifting cisplatin plus gemcitabine with or without another PD-1 inhibitor such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda) or nivolumab (Opdivo) to other recommended regimens under first-line combinations. […] The combination of tislelizumab-jsgr (Tevimbra), cisplatin, and gemcitabine was added to other recommended regimens under first-line combination therapies. Tislelizumab monotherapy was also added as another recommended regimen under subsequent-line immunotherapy. […] Other updates to the cancer of the nasopharynx guidelines include: Next-generation sequencing profiling and other appropriate biomarker testing to test for at least combined positive score and tumor mutational burden prior to treatment was recommended.

• #38 NCCN Updates Guidelines for Preferred Frontline Regimen for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/nccn-updates-guidelines-for-preferred-frontline-regimen-for-advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  The use of maintenance capecitabine without concurrent radiotherapy following induction chemotherapy for patients with M1 oligometastatic disease and an ECOG performance status of 0 to 1 was added as useful in certain circumstances. […] Cisplatin plus radiotherapy followed by capecitabine with or without induction chemotherapy (for EBV-associated disease) was moved from other recommended regimens to useful in certain circumstances and revised for T4, N1-3 or any T, N2-3 disease.

• #39 NCCN Updates Guidelines for Preferred Frontline Regimen for Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

  https://www.oncnursingnews.com/view/nccn-updates-guidelines-for-preferred-frontline-regimen-for-advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  The NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2025 for Cancer of the Nasopharynx listed toripalimab plus chemotherapy as the standalone preferred regimen in the frontline treatment of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. […] Toripalimab-tpzi (Loqtorzi) in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine was listed as the lone preferred first-line treatment regimen for patients with recurrent, unresectable, oligometastatic, or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) where surgery and radiotherapy are not options in the updated 2025 version of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for head and neck cancers. […] Additionally, toripalimab monotherapy is listed as the lone preferred option in subsequent lines of therapy for patients in this population who experience disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.

• #40 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #41 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #42 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #43 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #44 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Ask your doctor for a survivorship care plan. […] Follow-up care after nasopharyngeal cancer. […] People with cancer of the nasopharynx are at risk for the cancer coming back (a recurrence) and developing new cancers in other parts of the body, so they must be watched closely after treatment. […] Your cancer care team will discuss which tests should be done and how often based on the type and initial stage of your cancer, as well as the type of treatment you had, and your response to that treatment. […] It’s important to report any new symptoms or problems to the doctor right away. This might help your doctor help find recurrent cancer as early as possible, when cancer is small and easier to treat. […] After treatment, you might not gain weight or replace your protein stores as well as you should. A team of doctors and nutritionists can work with you to provide nutrition supplements and information about your individual nutritional needs. This can help you maintain your weight and nutritional intake.

• #45 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Ask your doctor for a survivorship care plan. […] Follow-up care after nasopharyngeal cancer. […] People with cancer of the nasopharynx are at risk for the cancer coming back (a recurrence) and developing new cancers in other parts of the body, so they must be watched closely after treatment. […] Your cancer care team will discuss which tests should be done and how often based on the type and initial stage of your cancer, as well as the type of treatment you had, and your response to that treatment. […] It’s important to report any new symptoms or problems to the doctor right away. This might help your doctor help find recurrent cancer as early as possible, when cancer is small and easier to treat. […] After treatment, you might not gain weight or replace your protein stores as well as you should. A team of doctors and nutritionists can work with you to provide nutrition supplements and information about your individual nutritional needs. This can help you maintain your weight and nutritional intake.

• #46 Nasopharyngeal Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer.html

  Throat cancer and its treatments can impact a persons ability to eat, drink and speak, as well as their appearance. MD Anderson offers therapies and services to help throat cancer patients adjust to and overcome these challenges as much as possible. […] Regular follow-up and screenings are vital due to the high risk of throat cancer returning to the throat or other areas in the head and neck region. Patients need to see their doctors every three to six months for the first two years after treatment, since most cancers that recur, or come back, do so within that time. […] At MD Anderson you will get care from a multidisciplinary team of nasopharyngeal cancer specialists, including a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and surgical oncologist. Their focus on throat cancer allows them to recognize the small differences among nasopharyngeal cancers and develop treatment plans tailored to each individual patient. Treatments can include many cutting-edge interventions, such as proton therapy, immunotherapy and advanced chemotherapy. […] MD Anderson also offers dedicated survivorship care for nasopharyngeal cancer patients. This care can help monitor for the diseases return and offer interventions to help maximize your quality of life.

• #47 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Ask your doctor for a survivorship care plan. […] Follow-up care after nasopharyngeal cancer. […] People with cancer of the nasopharynx are at risk for the cancer coming back (a recurrence) and developing new cancers in other parts of the body, so they must be watched closely after treatment. […] Your cancer care team will discuss which tests should be done and how often based on the type and initial stage of your cancer, as well as the type of treatment you had, and your response to that treatment. […] It’s important to report any new symptoms or problems to the doctor right away. This might help your doctor help find recurrent cancer as early as possible, when cancer is small and easier to treat. […] After treatment, you might not gain weight or replace your protein stores as well as you should. A team of doctors and nutritionists can work with you to provide nutrition supplements and information about your individual nutritional needs. This can help you maintain your weight and nutritional intake.

• #48 Coping with nasopharyngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/coping

  You might need some care and support at home due to nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses advise on pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. These are, for example, Macmillan nurses or hospice nurses. They also give emotional support to both you and your carers.

• #49 Nasopharyngeal Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer.html

  Throat cancer and its treatments can impact a persons ability to eat, drink and speak, as well as their appearance. MD Anderson offers therapies and services to help throat cancer patients adjust to and overcome these challenges as much as possible. […] Regular follow-up and screenings are vital due to the high risk of throat cancer returning to the throat or other areas in the head and neck region. Patients need to see their doctors every three to six months for the first two years after treatment, since most cancers that recur, or come back, do so within that time. […] At MD Anderson you will get care from a multidisciplinary team of nasopharyngeal cancer specialists, including a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and surgical oncologist. Their focus on throat cancer allows them to recognize the small differences among nasopharyngeal cancers and develop treatment plans tailored to each individual patient. Treatments can include many cutting-edge interventions, such as proton therapy, immunotherapy and advanced chemotherapy. […] MD Anderson also offers dedicated survivorship care for nasopharyngeal cancer patients. This care can help monitor for the diseases return and offer interventions to help maximize your quality of life.

• #50 Nasopharyngeal cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer may include: Radiotherapy, Chemoradiation, Chemotherapy, Surgery. […] You will have regular follow-up appointments after treatment. These may continue for several years. […] If you have any problems or notice new symptoms between appointments, let your doctor know as soon as possible. […] Even if you already have a healthy lifestyle, you may choose to make some positive lifestyle changes during and after treatment. […] Eating well and keeping active can improve your health and well-being. It can also help your body recover. […] You may still be coping with difficult feelings. Talking to your family and friends or health professionals about how you feel can help them know how to support your well-being.

• #51 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Survivors of NPC should follow the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, stay away from tobacco products, and avoid alcohol. […] To help maintain good health, survivors should also get to and stay at a healthy weight, keep physically active and limit the time you spend sitting or lying down, follow a healthy eating pattern that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limits or avoids red and processed meats, sugary drinks, and highly processed foods. […] These steps may also lower the risk of some other health problems.

• #52 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Survivors of NPC should follow the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, stay away from tobacco products, and avoid alcohol. […] To help maintain good health, survivors should also get to and stay at a healthy weight, keep physically active and limit the time you spend sitting or lying down, follow a healthy eating pattern that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limits or avoids red and processed meats, sugary drinks, and highly processed foods. […] These steps may also lower the risk of some other health problems.

• #53 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  If you’re diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer, you’ll be cared for by a team of different specialists who work together in a multidisciplinary team (MDT). […] Members of your MDT will discuss with you what they think the best treatment option is in your case. […] The 2 main treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer are: radiotherapy where radiation is used to kill cancer cells and chemotherapy where medicine is used to kill cancer cells. […] A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often used. […] Surgery isn’t usually used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer because it’s difficult for surgeons to access the affected area. […] If you smoke, it’s important you give up. Smoking increases your risk of cancer returning and may cause more side effects from treatment. […] Radiotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #54 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Survivors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  Survivors of NPC should follow the American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer, stay away from tobacco products, and avoid alcohol. […] To help maintain good health, survivors should also get to and stay at a healthy weight, keep physically active and limit the time you spend sitting or lying down, follow a healthy eating pattern that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and limits or avoids red and processed meats, sugary drinks, and highly processed foods. […] These steps may also lower the risk of some other health problems.

• #55 Coping with nasopharyngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/coping

  You might need some care and support at home due to nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses advise on pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. These are, for example, Macmillan nurses or hospice nurses. They also give emotional support to both you and your carers.

• #56 Coping with nasopharyngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/coping

  You might need some care and support at home due to nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses advise on pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. These are, for example, Macmillan nurses or hospice nurses. They also give emotional support to both you and your carers.

• #57 Coping with nasopharyngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/nasopharyngeal-cancer/living-with/coping

  You might need some care and support at home due to nasopharyngeal cancer and its treatment. […] Your GP manages your healthcare when you are at home. They can help with any medical problems that come up. They can also make referrals to a community service for you. The availability of the different community services may vary depending on where you live. […] These nurses work in different places in your local area and may visit you in your home. They can: give medicines or injections, check temperature, blood pressure and breathing, clean and dress wounds, monitor or set up drips, give emotional support, teach basic caring skills to family members where needed, get special equipment such as hospital beds, special mattresses, commodes or bed pans. […] Community specialist palliative care nurses advise on pain control, sickness, and other cancer symptoms. These are, for example, Macmillan nurses or hospice nurses. They also give emotional support to both you and your carers.

• #58 A mHealth-based nursing model for assessing the health outcomes of the discharged patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a pilot RCT | | Full Text

  https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-022-00993-0

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck malignancies, having a high incidence in Guangxi, China. […] Therefore, efforts on improving the home-based extended care services to improve the quality of life of patients are booming. […] This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a mHealth-based care model on the health outcomes of discharged patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. […] The control group was subjected to routine discharge guidance and follow-up, while the experimental group was implemented with a mobile health (mHealth)-based continuous nursing intervention model. […] After 6 and 12 months of intervention, the severity of radiation toxicity and side effects, the scores of cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life (symptom field) of the patients in the interventional group were significantly lowered statistically compared to those in the control group.

• #59 A mHealth-based nursing model for assessing the health outcomes of the discharged patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a pilot RCT | | Full Text

  https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-022-00993-0

  This study is based on the mHealth continuous nursing intervention model, which can reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and cancer fatigue, and improve the quality of life. […] Therefore, this study mainly focused on optimizing the therapeutic resources to help hospitals in providing the patients with high-quality, effective, convenient, and rapid continuation of nursing services for ameliorating the current situation of unbalanced development of medical resources. […] The mobile internet technology has introduced a brand-new improvised mode for stay-at-home and instant medical care, promoting medical knowledge sharing and doctor-patient or nurse-patient interaction, improving the level of hospital clinical nursing information construction at a deeper level, and diversifying the work of nurses.

• #60 A mHealth-based nursing model for assessing the health outcomes of the discharged patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a pilot RCT | | Full Text

  https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-022-00993-0

  The mHealth platform might be applicable for enlightening the patients with advanced knowledge of nursing, through dynamic video, and personalized counseling, that would effectively cater to the needs of the patients in getting the nursing service and urge the patients to take effective nursing measures according to the inquiry function to improve their compliance and self-care skills, and finally reducing the symptoms like dry mouth, tinnitus, nasal congestion, and neck in the mouth. […] This study provided professional, continuous, and overall extended care for the discharged NPC patients by constructing the mHealth platform and implementing a continuous nursing scheme based on the patients needs. The mHealth-based nursing model can reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and cancer fatigue in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, and improve the quality of life, proving to be a more suitable method for long-term chronic management.

• #61 A mHealth-based nursing model for assessing the health outcomes of the discharged patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a pilot RCT | | Full Text

  https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-022-00993-0

  The mHealth platform might be applicable for enlightening the patients with advanced knowledge of nursing, through dynamic video, and personalized counseling, that would effectively cater to the needs of the patients in getting the nursing service and urge the patients to take effective nursing measures according to the inquiry function to improve their compliance and self-care skills, and finally reducing the symptoms like dry mouth, tinnitus, nasal congestion, and neck in the mouth. […] This study provided professional, continuous, and overall extended care for the discharged NPC patients by constructing the mHealth platform and implementing a continuous nursing scheme based on the patients needs. The mHealth-based nursing model can reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and cancer fatigue in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, and improve the quality of life, proving to be a more suitable method for long-term chronic management.

• #62 Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in unique scenarios – Sun – Annals of Nasopharynx Cancer

  https://anpc.amegroups.org/article/view/5719/html

  Better family care and nursing care were needed for these patients. […] In the treatment of NPC, RT has been recognized as the radical treatment modality, while systemic chemotherapy providing benefits to patients forms an integral component. […] Elderly NPC patients often present with decreased performance status and have poorer tolerance to chemotherapy. […] RT alone seems to be the most agreeable and widely applied treatment modality for this population. […] Therefore, decisions on the treatment modality should be made on the basis of ACE-27 or the CCI score. And, intensive support and care should be provided to elderly NPC patients.

• #63 Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in unique scenarios – Sun – Annals of Nasopharynx Cancer

  https://anpc.amegroups.org/article/view/5719/html

  Better family care and nursing care were needed for these patients. […] In the treatment of NPC, RT has been recognized as the radical treatment modality, while systemic chemotherapy providing benefits to patients forms an integral component. […] Elderly NPC patients often present with decreased performance status and have poorer tolerance to chemotherapy. […] RT alone seems to be the most agreeable and widely applied treatment modality for this population. […] Therefore, decisions on the treatment modality should be made on the basis of ACE-27 or the CCI score. And, intensive support and care should be provided to elderly NPC patients.

• #64 Management of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Elderly Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8844547/

  Early nutritional intervention can improve nutritional status, increase tolerance to cancer treatment, improve QoL, and prolong survival. […] In a matched cohort study, despite similar rates of complete locoregional response, survival of NPC patients aged 65 who underwent chemoradiotherapy was significantly lower than that of demographic-matched young-age control. […] The therapeutic benefit of concomitant chemotherapy in elderly NPC patients has remained uncertain. […] Nevertheless, in the MAC-NPC meta-analysis, a clear decrement in the hazard ratios for chemotherapy on OS was observable as age increases: 0.72 for age 50, 0.79 for age 5059, and 0.89 for age 60, suggesting a diminished therapeutic advantage for chemotherapy in elderly NPC patients. […] Despite serious concern about the higher rates of early mortality and acute radiation toxicities, currently there is a lack of clinical evidence to support de-escalation of radiation dose or volume for elderly NPC patients.

• #65 Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in unique scenarios – Sun – Annals of Nasopharynx Cancer

  https://anpc.amegroups.org/article/view/5719/html

  Better family care and nursing care were needed for these patients. […] In the treatment of NPC, RT has been recognized as the radical treatment modality, while systemic chemotherapy providing benefits to patients forms an integral component. […] Elderly NPC patients often present with decreased performance status and have poorer tolerance to chemotherapy. […] RT alone seems to be the most agreeable and widely applied treatment modality for this population. […] Therefore, decisions on the treatment modality should be made on the basis of ACE-27 or the CCI score. And, intensive support and care should be provided to elderly NPC patients.

• #66 Childhood Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare cancer that arises in a childs nasal cavity and pharynx (throat). It is uncommon in children under age 10. Between 10 and 19, the incidence rises. […] At Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, our pediatric cancer doctors have the expertise to treat children with rare cancers, such as nasopharyngeal cancer. When your child comes to us, theyll receive care from top specialists in the Rare Tumors Program, which is part of our Solid Tumor Center. […] Your childs medical team of pediatric cancer experts will suggest one of the following treatment options: […] After treatment, we continue to care for you and your family through our pediatric cancer survivorship programs. We provide ongoing check-ups and offer resources such as psychosocial counseling and support groups. […] We bring together a team of expert pediatric cancer specialists to treat children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• #67 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/988165-treatment

  Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Concurrent cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiotherapy have been shown to improve survival. […] Many pediatric studies have used neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy with improvement in local control or progression-free survival rates over radiotherapy alone. […] Surgical therapy for these patients is often limited to a biopsy for tissue diagnosis. Nearly all tumors are unresectable at diagnosis because of their location. […] Consultation with an otolaryngologist is often required in the initial management to obtain tissue diagnosis and in follow-up endoscopic examinations to rule out recurrence. […] Many patients experience severe mucositis during radiotherapy. Certain foods may irritate irradiated mucosa, causing pain or difficulty swallowing or chewing. Soft foods such as milkshakes, mashed potatoes, and pureed meats are advisable during the course of radiotherapy. […] Activity depends on the child’s condition. During periods of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, some limitation of strenuous activity and avoidance of contact sports is necessary. Infectious contacts should be avoided where possible, especially during periods of neutropenia.

• #68 Childhood Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare cancer that arises in a childs nasal cavity and pharynx (throat). It is uncommon in children under age 10. Between 10 and 19, the incidence rises. […] At Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, our pediatric cancer doctors have the expertise to treat children with rare cancers, such as nasopharyngeal cancer. When your child comes to us, theyll receive care from top specialists in the Rare Tumors Program, which is part of our Solid Tumor Center. […] Your childs medical team of pediatric cancer experts will suggest one of the following treatment options: […] After treatment, we continue to care for you and your family through our pediatric cancer survivorship programs. We provide ongoing check-ups and offer resources such as psychosocial counseling and support groups. […] We bring together a team of expert pediatric cancer specialists to treat children with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• #69 Nasopharyngeal cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Sometimes, internal radiotherapy may be needed if nasopharyngeal cancer has returned after initial treatment. […] Depending on the type of treatment you have, you may need to stay in hospital for a short period of time. […] Radiotherapy itself is painless, but it can have some significant side effects, such as: red and sore skin in the treatment area, feeling sick, changes to your sense of taste, dry mouth, hair loss. […] These side effects are usually temporary, but some can be permanent. Let your care team know if you have these problems, as treatment is often available to help. […] Chemotherapy may be used before or alongside radiotherapy for more advanced nasopharyngeal cancers. […] You should discuss any concerns you have about the potential side effects of treatment with your care team before treatment begins. […] After your course of treatment ends, you’ll need to have regular follow-up appointments and scans to monitor your recovery and check for any signs of the cancer returning.

• #70 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  For small nasopharyngeal carcinomas, radiation therapy may be the only treatment needed. For cancers that are larger or have grown into nearby areas, radiation therapy is typically combined with chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. […] Chemotherapy may be given at the same time as radiation therapy to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It also may be used before or after radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, immunotherapy might be an option if the cancer comes back or spreads to other parts of the body. […] Surgery is not often used as a first treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. But you might have surgery to remove cancerous lymph nodes in the neck. […] Sometimes, surgery may be used to remove cancer from the nasopharynx. Or it might treat cancer that comes back after having radiation or chemotherapy.

• #71 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

  For small nasopharyngeal carcinomas, radiation therapy may be the only treatment needed. For cancers that are larger or have grown into nearby areas, radiation therapy is typically combined with chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. […] Chemotherapy may be given at the same time as radiation therapy to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It also may be used before or after radiation therapy. […] Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system kill cancer cells. […] For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, immunotherapy might be an option if the cancer comes back or spreads to other parts of the body. […] Surgery is not often used as a first treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. But you might have surgery to remove cancerous lymph nodes in the neck. […] Sometimes, surgery may be used to remove cancer from the nasopharynx. Or it might treat cancer that comes back after having radiation or chemotherapy.

• #72

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Supportive/palliative care aims at relieving symptoms, alleviating distress, improving quality of life, managing treatment-related adverse effects, and improving adherence. […] A holistically integrated MDT should be formed to rationally develop individualized treatment plans, appropriately utilize nutritional support, traditional Chinese medicine conditioning, and psychological support, to improve efficacy and quality of life.

• #73

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Supportive/palliative care aims at relieving symptoms, alleviating distress, improving quality of life, managing treatment-related adverse effects, and improving adherence. […] A holistically integrated MDT should be formed to rationally develop individualized treatment plans, appropriately utilize nutritional support, traditional Chinese medicine conditioning, and psychological support, to improve efficacy and quality of life.

• #74 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Clinical Context

  https://www.medscape.org/advances/enhancing-npc-care-2025a100047d

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma management is evolving, with immunotherapy emerging as a key treatment strategy. This educational initiative equips health care providers with essential knowledge on integrating immunotherapy within a multidisciplinary team. […] This program highlights best practices, recent data, and real-world applications to improve patient-centered care ensuring clinicians stay at the forefront of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment advancements.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44178-023-00040-1

  Supportive/palliative care aims at relieving symptoms, alleviating distress, improving quality of life, managing treatment-related adverse effects, and improving adherence. […] A holistically integrated MDT should be formed to rationally develop individualized treatment plans, appropriately utilize nutritional support, traditional Chinese medicine conditioning, and psychological support, to improve efficacy and quality of life.

• #76 Nasopharyngeal Cancer Program | Stanford Cancer Institute

  https://med.stanford.edu/cancer/research/nasopharyngeal-cancer-program.html

  Our mission is to provide comprehensive care and to conduct cutting edge research with a focus on translating discoveries from bench to bedside to help treat and cure individuals with nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Our multidisciplinary group works together to care for patients throughout their treatment course for nasopharyngeal cancer, which is also known as nasopharynx cancer or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of the head and neck. […] We are dedicated to providing the best possible care to each patient now and helping to establish the standards of practice for the future. […] Dr. Beadle is a radiation oncologist who specializes in the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer. […] She is dedicated to caring for each patient as an individual, providing the optimal care through treatment and survivorship, and her research is devoted to using advanced technologies to improve cancer outcomes and minimize side effects for patients diagnosed with NPC.

• #77

  https://med.uth.edu/orl/2020/05/22/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-npc-treating-a-rare-aggressive-tumor-with-skill-and-compassion/

  The frequent clinic visits and repeated debridement kept his nasal passages open despite the high dose of radiation required to treat the cancer a huge win for his quality of life. […] Its the little things that help patients get through the big things, Dr. Luong says. When you have empathy for a patient, it creates a bond. Its easy to get so wrapped up in curing the cancer that we forget how miserable treatment can be for the patient. Theyre scared, and sometimes its just a matter of putting it in terms we would like to hear if we were on the other side, like Dr. Blanco calling NPC a beast. Medical terminology can create a wall. As physicians we have to find the middle ground. We have to maintain enough distance to make good decisions and give patients the hard facts, but we also have to remember our humanity.

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