Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4013340/

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. […] Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. Thus, there is a need to conduct secondary prevention, such as improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. […] Theoretically, NPC may be a malignancy suitable for screening in high-incidence areas. In southern China, especially in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, NPC occurs with a high age-standardized incidence rate. […] Large-scale population screenings of NPC in China have been mainly concentrated in areas with a mortality more than 6/100 000 (standard rate by Chinese population) such as Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.

• #2 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Nasopharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 185 Countries in 2020 and the Projected Burden in 2040: Population-Based Global Epidemiological Profiling

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e49968

  NPC is a largely preventable disease due to its many modifiable risk factors. The major etiological factors for NPC include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, tobacco smoking, intake of salted fish and other salt-preserved food, and occupational exposure to wood dust. EBV infection has been consistently identified as an important risk factor, with a dose-response relationship between EBV antibody level and NPC risk. The population attributable fraction for NPC incidence due to EBV infection has been estimated to be 85%. Compared with people who never smoke, people who formerly smoked have a 60% greater risk of developing NPC. The relative risk of NPC associated with weekly consumption of Chinese-style salt-preserved fish ranges from 1.1 to 4, whereas that associated with daily consumption ranges from 1.8 to 20 compared with no or rare consumption. Occupational exposure to wood dust is estimated to be associated with a 50% increased risk of NPC.

• #3 Screening of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76247

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a one of head and neck cancer. At present, the etiology of NPC has not remained completely elucidated, generally considered involving EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) infection, environment changes, and genetic susceptibility. There are no feasible preventive measures for NPC. However, it has secondary prevention. First, NPC exhibiting marked racial and geographical differences, is epidemic in the population of Southern China, Southeast Asia, and North Africa, which is extremely harmful to human life and health. […] Strengthening secondary prevention – early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment – is an important part of the prevention and treatment of NPC. At the same time it is the key to improve the cure rate and obtain a better prognosis of NPC patients.

• #4 How to Prevent Nasopharyngeal Cancer | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Avoid tobacco and alcohol […] Since there appear to be some links between tobacco and heavy alcohol use with NPC, especially in the US, it might help to avoid these to lower a persons risk of NPC. Avoiding them in general can have many health benefits. […] Infection with EBV has been linked to NPC. Scientists are trying to make an EBV vaccine, but at this time there’s no known way to prevent this infection. […] Some research shows that certain high-risk types of HPV may be linked to a small group of NPC cases especially in younger people who dont smoke. Getting an HPV vaccine and trying to avoid HPV infection might help prevent NPC and some forms of cancer, including cancers of the penis, cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, mouth, and throat. […] Because eating certain types of foods, such as diets high in salt-cured fish, have been linked with NPC risk, eating less or not eating some types of food may lower the risk. This is especially true in parts of the world where NPC is common, such as southern China, northern Africa, and the Arctic region.

• #5 Nasopharyngeal Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459256/

  Awareness about EBV infection and hygiene practices to reduce transmission is highlighted, alongside genetic counseling services for those with a family history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Encouraging regular health check-ups and providing information on available treatment options, potential adverse effects, and prognosis are integral aspects.

• #5 Nasopharyngeal Cancer – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459256/

  Deterrence and patient education for nasopharyngeal carcinoma encompasses a range of strategies aimed at preventing the development of the disease and informing individuals about various aspects related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Education efforts emphasize key risk factors, such as EBV infection, family history, and geographic predispositions, encouraging individuals to avoid known risk factors like tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. […] Lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity, are promoted for risk reduction. Emphasis is placed on the significance of early detection through regular health check-ups and screenings, with information about nasopharyngeal carcinoma symptoms provided to the public. Considering the increased risk in specific regions and among certain ethnic groups, education addresses geographic and ethnic considerations, urging vigilance and prompt medical attention in high-risk populations.

• #6 EBV based cancer prevention and therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma | npj Precision Oncology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41698-017-0018-x

  EpsteinBarr virus is an important cancer causing virus. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infection-related cancer strongly driven by EpsteinBarr virus. […] The knowledge generated regarding EpsteinBarr virus can be used in EpsteinBarr virus based precision cancer prevention and therapy in the near future. […] As EBV is associated with nearly 200,000 new malignancies each year worldwide, in EBV-based primary cancer prevention, we urgently need to develop a safe and effective vaccine. […] Smoking cessation together with EBV control might be the most important approach for the prevention of NPC. […] For EBV-based secondary cancer prevention, we should further confirm the effect of population-based NPC screening by EBV-related serum EBV VCA/IgA antibodies and quantitative EBV DNA loading methods, which can be used to identify the high-risk individuals and diagnose early-stage patients.

• #7 Nasopharyngeal cancer | World Cancer Research Fund

  https://www.wcrf.org/preventing-cancer/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal-cancer/

  Eating Cantonese-style salted fish is a cause of nasopharyngeal cancer. […] This means that people who eat a south-east Asian diet are at a higher risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Smoking tobacco is a cause of nasopharyngeal cancer. About 23% of cases are caused by smoking. […] Occupational exposure to wood dust and formaldehyde is a cause of nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Following our Cancer Prevention Recommendations reduces your risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, following our Recommendations can reduce the risk of cancer returning. […] You can reduce your risk of nasopharyngeal cancer by not smoking. If you do smoke, giving up smoking will reduce your risk.

• #8 Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention | Pantai Hospital

  https://www.pantai.com.my/medical-specialties/oncology/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Nasopharyngeal cancer (otherwise known as nose cancer) is an uncommon form of cancer that develops in the head and neck area. […] Although the exact cause of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is unknown, some risk factors contribute to a higher risk of the disease: […] Heavy alcohol or tobacco use is associated with an increased risk of NPC. […] The risk of men developing NPC is two times more than women. […] Although NPC can develop in individuals of any age, the risk increases as one ages, especially after the age of 50. […] Diets high in salts, cured fish and meat have also been linked to NPC. […] Some nasopharyngeal cancers have been linked to an EBV infection, however, not everyone who has had EBV infection will develop NPC. […] Having a family member who has NPC may also increase your risk of developing the same disease.

• #8 Nasopharyngeal Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention | Pantai Hospital

  https://www.pantai.com.my/medical-specialties/oncology/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Reduce or avoid consumption of preserved or fermented foods. […] Quit smoking and limit heavy alcohol consumption. […] Adhere to workplace health and safety regulations and take steps to limit exposure to causative agents, such as wood dust, formaldehyde, and chemical fumes. […] Diagnosing nasopharyngeal cancer early can improve long-term outcomes. […] Early detection is important for the best outcomes. […] Performing regular nasopharyngeal self-examinations and scheduling regular mammograms can help detect nasopharyngeal cancer in its early stages. […] Early-stage detection gives you the best chance of fighting nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #9 Reducing your risk for nasopharyngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer by doing the following. […] Limiting the amount of salted and pickled foods you eat may lower your chances of developing nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Smoking is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Dont start smoking. If you smoke, get help to quit. […] Follow all work safety instructions to limit your contact with formaldehyde and wood dust. […] Research suggests that eating a diet high in vegetables and fruit may offer some protection against nasopharyngeal cancer. […] Talk to your doctor about your risk. If you are at higher than average risk, you may need to visit your doctor more often to check for nasopharyngeal cancer.

• #10

  https://www.americanoncology.com/cancer-we-treat/prevention/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  There is no method to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer. However, certain measures lower the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. These are: […] Quitting smoking […] Limiting alcohol consumption […] Preventing certain infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus […] Limit or avoid salt-cured fish in the diet.

• #11 Nasopharyngeal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/ph/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Limit or avoid alcohol consumption: Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women of all ages and men older than 65 years, and up to two drinks a day for men aged 65 and younger. […] Eat a healthy, balanced diet: A diet with less fat, sugar, red meat and processed foods, and more fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains can help to reduce the risk of many diseases and cancers including nasopharyngeal cancer. Limit the intake of salt-cured and preserved foods that contain nitrosamine, a known cancer-causing substance (carcinogen). […] Stay active and exercise regularly: Exercise improves your overall health and wellbeing. Try to exercise most days of the week. If you are new to exercise, start slow with a gentle activity such as a walk around the park, and work your way up gradually.

• #11 Nasopharyngeal Cancer

  https://www.parkwaycancercentre.com/ph/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/cancer-details/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  Nasopharyngeal Cancer Screening refers to looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. There is currently no recommended routine screening for nasopharyngeal cancer for the general population. It is therefore important, especially if you have one or more risk factors (see Nasopharyngeal Cancer Risk Factors above) to be vigilant and see your doctor for prompt investigation if you have any symptoms. […] People at high risk of getting nasopharyngeal cancer, in particular those with a family history of the cancer should be closely monitored, usually with regular nasoendoscopy and blood test to detect the Epstein-Barr virus. This may detect nasopharyngeal cancer at an early stage when the cancer is localised and more likely to be cured with radiation therapy. […] While there is no guaranteed way to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer, there are some measures you can take to reduce your risk: Avoid or quit smoking: Smoking increases your risk of nasopharyngeal cancer and many other types of cancers. Quitting smoking can be very hard, so ask your health care provider for help. These might include support groups, medicines and nicotine replacement therapy.

• #12 Diet, genetics and the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer | WCRF International

  https://www.wcrf.org/research-policy/our-research/grants-database/dietary-and-genetic-factors-and-risk-of-nasopharyngeal-cancer-in-south-east-asia/

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumour that generally presents at late stages, with a five year survival rate below 50%. […] The dramatic geographic difference implies a link between NPC and genetic and/or environmental factors. Indeed, consumption of preserved foods, tobacco smoking, exposure to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and genetic characteristics have been clearly linked with NPC. […] We believe that high intake of preserved foods (containing a carcinogen known as nitrosamines), in conjunction with genetic characteristics and EBV, are the important cause of NPC across south-east Asia. […] This project aims to explore the way by which nitrosamines in preserved foods may be influencing the carcinogenic process. […] The classification of the nitrosamines may lead to public health impact across east and south-east Asia, through intervention measures aimed at limiting the carcinogenic potential of such items.

• #13 Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC) Comprehensive Health Care Plan | Health Check | Trinity Medical Centre

  https://trinitymedical.com.hk/product/npc-health-check/?srsltid=AfmBOooq4UAuOH_Hp29JDS5oi6yrdUJVFTvTQq11oI3um-w9Pc4tQU_8

  In our modern environment, exposure to pollutants, preserved foods, and genetic factors can significantly increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). […] Our comprehensive NPC health care plan offers advanced screening methods, including the Take2 Prophecy test, along with thorough blood work and cardiovascular assessments. […] Early detection is crucial for improving treatment success rates. […] Regular checkups can help identify potential issues early, thereby enhancing survival rates and quality of life for patients. […] The following groups are advised to undergo early nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening: Individuals with a family history of the disease, People with long-term exposure to environmental pollutants or certain chemicals, Individuals who frequently consume pickled and smoked foods, Those experiencing persistent throat discomfort, tinnitus, or nasal congestion.

• #14 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Burden and Its Attributable Risk Factors in China: Estimates and Forecasts from 1990 to 2050

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/2926

  Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon and aggressive malignant head and neck cancer, which is highly prevalent in southern and southwestern provinces in China. […] The findings of this study might deserve consideration in China’s NPC prevention and control policy design. […] Poor eating habits can also increase the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, such as eating salted fish, pickled vegetables, salted eggs, shrimp sauce, and bacon, etc., and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake. […] Therefore, in areas of China with a high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prevention and control can be carried out in the following ways. For occupational exposure to formaldehyde as a risk factor, good prevention and control of occupational diseases should be promoted, such as: employers should take appropriate protective measures for materials and equipment used that may generate occupational exposure hazards; and occupational health guardianship files should be established for workers and kept properly for a certain period of time. In addition, screening programs for nasopharyngeal carcinoma should be developed for key areas and populations. Health education should be strengthened to improve the health literacy of the whole population, and publicity and education efforts should be stepped up to enable the public to accept correct concepts and health knowledge and to form good living behaviors.

• #15 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-overview

  A person concerned about developing NPC can consider ways to reduce their risk, such as: […] avoiding smoking […] avoiding excessive alcohol intake […] avoiding salt-cured meats and fish […] taking steps to help avoid exposure to EBV, such as not kissing or sharing personal items with someone who has the infection […] taking steps to help prevent exposure to HPV, such as getting vaccinated and using barrier methods during sex.

• #16 Nasopharyngeal Cancer: What patients should know about – OncoDaily

  https://oncodaily.com/oncolibrary/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal-cancer-63512

  The exact cause of Nasopharyngeal cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified: […] To prevent Nasopharyngeal cancer, it is important to avoid known risk factors such as tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular physical activity may also help reduce the risk. Regular health check-ups and screenings are crucial for early detection, especially in high-risk populations. HPV vaccination may help prevent HPV-associated NPC cases, especially in younger non-smokers.

• #17 Importance of maintaining body weight for prevention of distant metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An alternative workflow for cancer-risk assessment

  https://www.jcancer.org/v08p2269.htm

  Maintaining body weight during treatment is essential to prevent DM of NPC. […] Weight loss is a common side effect during chemotherapy or radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer, especially NPC; the average weight loss in patients is reported to be 5.5-12.3 kg, and 86% of patients lose 10% body weight. […] In conclusion, it is important to maintain weight during the treatment of NPC in order to prevent distant metastasis in patients with NPC.

• #18

  https://www.ncis.com.sg/cancer-information/cancer-types/nasopharyngeal-cancer

  There is currently no firm way to prevent NPC. Family members of NPC patients may wish to be screened. […] People who think they may be at risk should discuss this with their doctor. […] The team is committed to delivering uncompromised and dedicated clinical research, expertise and care in the prevention, management and cure of Head and Neck Cancer / NPC.

• #19 A comprehensive risk score for effective risk stratification and screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25402-z

  Using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based markers to screen populations at high risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an attractive preventive approach. […] Screening is the main secondary prevention strategy for NPC in endemic areas because no prophylactic vaccine against EBV is available. […] By identifying individuals at a monogenic level of NPC risk, this CRS approach provides opportunities for personalized risk prediction and population screening in endemic areas for the early diagnosis and secondary prevention of NPC. […] To improve PPV, other approaches to identify high-risk individuals and prioritize them for EBV serology or early diagnostic testing (e.g., using plasma EBV DNA) should be considered. […] By combining the CRS with EBV serology tests currently used for NPC screening in southern China, the PPV of screening increased from 4.70% (serology alone) to 43.24% (CRS plus serology).

• #20 The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4013340/

  EBV-associated antibodies have a high sensitivity and specificity in NPC and can, therefore, be used for NPC diagnosis and as screening predictors. […] The main NPC screening method is detection of EBV antibody and concurrent head and neck physical examination for the healthy residents ranging in age from 30 to 59 in high-risk areas. […] NPC screening has been widely conducted in southern China, its exact effect is still difficult to determine. […] Thus, in order to accurately evaluate the effect of screening, randomized controlled screening studies should be carried out in high-incidence areas of NPC in southern China.

• #21 Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a prospective seropositive population | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-021-08408-0

  Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA is considered a biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its long-term role in NPC development is unclear. […] Elevated plasma EBV DNA can predict NPC risk over 3years. Monitoring plasma EBV DNA can be used as a complementary approach to EBV serological antibody-based screening for NPC. […] Several prospective studies have convinced that elevated EBV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are correlated with 421 fold risks for NPC and precede tumor detection by several years. Testing for serological EBV antibodies has therefore been established as the basis of NPC screening test in the endemic regions. […] Growing evidence in initial cross-sectional studies have revealed that plasma EBV DNA is a promising NPC indicator. […] Our prospective cohort study provides compelling evidence that plasma EBV DNA load is strongly associated with an increased risk of NPC over 3years.

• #22 Plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a prospective seropositive population | BMC Cancer | Full Text

  https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-021-08408-0

  All the evidence in this study suggest plasma EBV DNA can be used as a complementary approach to EBV serological antibody-based screening for NPC. […] Using plasma EBV DNA as an auxiliary approach can minimize false seropositive screening test results and reduce cost burden associated with unnecessary referrals. […] This study indicates that plasma EBV DNA can predict an increased risk of NPC over 3years and be used as a complementary approach to EBV serological antibody-based screening to improve NPC screening efficiency.

• #23 A comprehensive risk score for effective risk stratification and screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25402-z

  The current cost of human and EBV genotyping, as performed in our study, is approximately $16 in U.S. dollars; additionally, collecting self-reported epidemiological risk factor data would contribute a negligible cost. […] This study offers a compelling proof of concept that using combined EBV and host genotype data and epidemiological risk factor data to predict NPC risk can strongly augment the efficacy of NPC screening based on EBV serology.

• #24 One-time Screening for Nasopharyngeal Cancer Among High-risk Populations in the U.S. May Reduce Cancer Mortality

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/one-time-screening-for-nasopharyngeal-cancer-among-high-risk-populations-in-the-us-may-reduce-cancer-mortality

  A modeled one-time screening for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among high- and intermediate-incidence populations in the United States may reduce NPC mortality and be considered cost-effective. […] We observed that in the high-incidence populations, screening both men and women may be considered cost-effective using anti-BNLF2b serology and selective endoscopy. […] The rarity of this cancer nationally, in my opinion, need not deter us from offering screening to these high-risk individuals. […] A one-time screening strategy employing EBV anti-BNLF2b serology followed by selective endoscopy was the preferred screening strategy among the six strategies examined, due to highest sensitivity and lowest cost. […] „The hope is that the research will aid in the design of screening initiatives in the U.S.,” says Dr. Miller.

• #25 Nasopharyngeal carcinoma secondary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma_secondary_prevention

  Secondary prevention measures of nasopharyneal cancer include routine physical examination and imaging at scheduled intervals after treatment. Dental screening and screening for thyroid cancers are recommended among patients who had received radiation therapy to the oral cavity and cervical region, respectively. […] Patients treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma should follow-up for secondary prevention. Follow-up measures are shown in the table below: […] Thyroid hormone testing every 12 months if the neck was exposed to radiation. […] Dental screening only recommended if oral cavity was exposed to radiation.

• #26 Study of PEG-rhG-CSF for the prevention of neutropenia in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0315001

  Prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF can reduce the incidence of grade 3 neutropenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. […] Prophylactic use of PEG-rhG-CSF can rapidly increase the expression levels of white blood cell count and neutrophil count in vivo, and the elevation effect is obvious and long-lasting. […] Prophylactic application of PEG-rhG-CSF can significantly reduce the rate of delayed chemotherapy and interruption of radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. […] The adverse effects of PEG-rhG-CSF were mild, and the risk of bone pain was correlated with the expression levels of leukocytes and neutrophils.

• #27 Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prevention of non-alcoholic Wernicke’s disease: A case report and review of literature

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v12/i24/5628.htm

  For patients with malignant tumors exhibiting neurological symptoms, clinicians should consider the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy and provide prophylactic thiamine therapy. […] This finding provides a new perspective for research on the diagnosis and preventive measures of Wernicke encephalopathy associated with head and neck malignancies. […] During the treatment of malignant tumors, oncologists should provide nutritional support throughout the process and be aware of the possibility of this disease’s occurrence, and timely detection and early intervention are necessary.

• #28 JMIR Public Health and Surveillance – Nasopharyngeal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 185 Countries in 2020 and the Projected Burden in 2040: Population-Based Global Epidemiological Profiling

  https://publichealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e49968

  Given the remarkable geographic disparity of NPC burden across world regions and countries, this study highlights the urgent need to formulate more effective primary NPC prevention strategies and prioritize allocation of NPC prevention and treatment resources for high-risk populations to tackle the NPC burden in certain regions and countries.

• #29 Screening of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma | IntechOpen

  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/76247

  Strengthening the publicity of NPC prevention and control, popularizing basic knowledge of it, and making residents cooperate with screening projects will be way helpful to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis rate of NPC. At present, the above screening methods have positive significance, but they also have limitations regrettably. How to make better use of their advantages and disadvantages to carry out local screening schemes in different regions is worthy to further exploration. And developing faster, simpler, higher true-positive rate and lower false-positive rate screening methods and more effective treatment were important ways to improve the survival rate and life quality of NPC patients.

• #30 Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Latest research and clinical trials

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/advanced-nasopharyngeal-carcinoma-research

  Researchers are continuing to study nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to understand how it develops and what it responds to. Their goal is to provide better outcomes and possible prevention. […] Research is ongoing to better understand NPC. This may help guide current treatments, find more effective treatment methods, and discover ways to prevent the cancer from developing in the first place. […] Though the exact cause is unknown, many cases of NPC occur due to the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Researchers are continuing to explore how EBV and other risk factors, such as genetics, interact to cause the development of cancer. […] By understanding EBV better, treatments may become more individualized and effective. In a 2020 study, researchers noted that targeting EBV proteins may provide an effective form of treatment for NPC. […] Some studies suggest that targeting the virus itself may help prevent or treat the cancer, which could improve outcomes for people.

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