Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #2

  https://step1.medbullets.com/oncology/110061/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  median disease onset 67 years of age […] 15% of all adult leukemias

• #3 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #4 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #5 Key Statistics for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States for 2025 are: About 9,560 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,610 in men and 3,950 in women) […] About 1,290 people will die of CML (740 men and 550 women) […] About 15% of all new cases of leukemia are chronic myeloid leukemia. About 1 person in 526 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States. […] The average age of people diagnosed with CML is around 64 years. Almost half of all cases are diagnosed in people 65 and older. This type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is rarely seen in children.

• #6 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #7 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.5% […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.2% […] Rate of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000: The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2018-2022 cases and 2019-2023 deaths. […] Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer: Approximately 0.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia at some point during their lifetime, based on 2018-2021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] Prevalence of This Cancer: In 2022, there were an estimated 74,198 people living with chronic myeloid leukemia in the United States. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S.

• #8 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml

  There are around 840 new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s more than 2 every day (2017-2019). […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 370 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 460 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for chronic myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 90+ (2017-2019). […] Each year around a quarter (24%) of all new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by around a quarter (26%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by a fifth (20%), and rates in males have decreased by more than a third (35%) (2017-2019).

• #9 Chronic myeloid leukemia statistics | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml/statistics

  Incidence is the total number of new cases of cancer. Mortality is the number of deaths due to cancer. […] The most recent incidence statistics for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are from 2019: 665 Canadians were diagnosed with CML. 390 men were diagnosed with CML. 270 women were diagnosed with CML. […] The most recent mortality statistics for CML are from 2022: 140 Canadians died from CML. 73 men died from CML. 67 women died from CML.

• #10 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #11 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #12 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has a worldwide annual incidence rate of 0.87 people per 100,000, increasing with age up to 1.52 in patients older than 70. There is a slight predominance in men, and the median age of diagnosis is 56. In the United States, the annual incidence rate between 2009 and 2013 was 1.4 and 2.2 per 100,000 for women and men, respectively. Estimates for 2018 were 8490 new cases of CML and 1090 estimated deaths. […] There is an increased incidence of CML among atomic bomb survivors; however, the predisposing risk factors are unknown.

• #13 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #14 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #15 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia, also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is relatively rare. CML is more common in older adults and amongst men. The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018-2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia is most frequently diagnosed among people aged 65-74. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to 84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019-2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 75-84.

• #16 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #17 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #18 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-Epidemiology.aspx

  Chronic myeloid leukemia or CML is one of the rare types of leukemia. It is rare worldwide. […] A few years ago in the United States, for example, around 4,600 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia were diagnosed. This was among 33,400 new cases of leukemias of all types. Thus chronic myeloid leukemia is around 14% of all types of leukemias in the United States. Chronic myeloid leukemia forms 20% of all adult leukemias. […] The yearly incidence or number of cases of chronic myeloid leukemia is 1.6 cases per 100,000 adults. […] In the United Kingdom the annual incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia is around 600 individuals a year. […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia can affect people of any age, but it is more common in people aged 40-60. […] There is a slightly higher number of cases among males than females. The male to female ratio is 1.4:1.

• #19 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #20 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #21 Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report of a disease with a unique biology

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/14/41/full/

  Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative syndrome due to monoclonal myeloid proliferation without maturation arrest, predominantly in the granular lineage with passage of immature granular elements into the peripheral blood, defined by the existence of a cytogenetic abnormality constantly associated with the disease, the translocation (9;22) translocation, which moves the ABL gene from chromosome 9 to chromosome 22, close to a BCR breakpoint resulting in the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome, which generates a chimeric BCR-ABL1 oncogene. […] It is a rare disease in children and adolescents, accounting for 2-3% of all leukemias in the pediatric population under the age of 15. […] Given the rarity of this diagnosis and clinical trial data, current management recommendations are derived from studies or practice guidelines developed for adult CML patients.

• #22 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #23 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #24 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #25 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.5% […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.2% […] Rate of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000: The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2018-2022 cases and 2019-2023 deaths. […] Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer: Approximately 0.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia at some point during their lifetime, based on 2018-2021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] Prevalence of This Cancer: In 2022, there were an estimated 74,198 people living with chronic myeloid leukemia in the United States. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S.

• #26 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | Concise Medical Knowledge

  https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/

  Chronic myeloid leukemia is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled and dysregulated proliferation of the granulocytic lineage (mature and maturing cells), with a maintained capacity for differentiation. Chronic myeloid leukemia is also known as chronic myelocytic leukemia or chronic myelogenous leukemia. […] Epidemiology: […] 20% of all leukemia in adults […] In the United States: 12 cases per 100,000 inhabitants […] Increases with age […] Median age at presentation: approximately 55 years […] Slight male predominance […] No known familial predisposition […] Prevalence of CML is increasing in developed countries due to the effect of ABL1 kinase inhibitors.

• #27 Orphanet: Chronic myeloid leukemia

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/521

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is the most common myeloproliferative disorder accounting for 15-20% of all leukaemia cases. […] Its annual incidence has been estimated at between 1 and 1.5 cases per 100,000 and its prevalence at around 1 in 17,000.

• #28 Key Statistics for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States for 2025 are: About 9,560 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,610 in men and 3,950 in women) […] About 1,290 people will die of CML (740 men and 550 women) […] About 15% of all new cases of leukemia are chronic myeloid leukemia. About 1 person in 526 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States. […] The average age of people diagnosed with CML is around 64 years. Almost half of all cases are diagnosed in people 65 and older. This type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is rarely seen in children.

• #29 Key Statistics for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/about/statistics.html

  The American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the United States for 2025 are: About 9,560 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,610 in men and 3,950 in women) […] About 1,290 people will die of CML (740 men and 550 women) […] About 15% of all new cases of leukemia are chronic myeloid leukemia. About 1 person in 526 will get CML in their lifetime in the United States. […] The average age of people diagnosed with CML is around 64 years. Almost half of all cases are diagnosed in people 65 and older. This type of leukemia mainly affects adults, and is rarely seen in children.

• #30 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 9,560 […] % of All New Cancer Cases 0.5% […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 1,290 […] % of All Cancer Deaths 0.2% […] Rate of New Cases and Deaths per 100,000: The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year. The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2018-2022 cases and 2019-2023 deaths. […] Lifetime Risk of Developing Cancer: Approximately 0.2 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia at some point during their lifetime, based on 2018-2021 data, excluding 2020 due to COVID. […] Prevalence of This Cancer: In 2022, there were an estimated 74,198 people living with chronic myeloid leukemia in the United States. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the U.S.

• #31 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia, also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is relatively rare. CML is more common in older adults and amongst men. The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018-2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia is most frequently diagnosed among people aged 65-74. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to 84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019-2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 75-84.

• #32 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 9,560 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and an estimated 1,290 people will die of this disease. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia, also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is relatively rare. CML is more common in older adults and amongst men. The rate of new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia was 2.0 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2018-2022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia is most frequently diagnosed among people aged 65-74. […] Death rates from chronic myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 75 to 84 years of age. […] The death rate was 0.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 2019-2023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] The percent of chronic myeloid leukemia deaths is highest among people aged 75-84.

• #33 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

• #34 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  In recent population-based studies, CML patients have an overall survival that is comparable to that shown in large clinical trials, though relative survival in patients 70 years is still decreased. The importance of socio-economic factors and health-care setting for outcome and the possible increased risk of secondary cancer in CML are areas of ongoing research.

• #35 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 2014-2023.

• #36 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #37 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 2014-2023.

• #38 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-cml

  There are around 840 new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s more than 2 every day (2017-2019). […] Chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 370 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, chronic myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 460 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for chronic myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 90+ (2017-2019). […] Each year around a quarter (24%) of all new chronic myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, chronic myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by around a quarter (26%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by a fifth (20%), and rates in males have decreased by more than a third (35%) (2017-2019).

• #39 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  Outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been improved dramatically in the past two decades, but survival levels of CML patients varied in regions. Comprehensive epidemiological research is necessary to evaluate the global burden of CML. […] Globally, the disease burden of CML gradually decreased from 1990 to 2017. Higher SDI countries achieved a remarkable effect on diminishing the CML burden. Conversely, due to population growth, the incidence cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML in lower SDI quintiles showed an upward trend. India had the most incidence cases and death cases of CML in the world. Additionally, smoking was the most significant attributable risk factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, followed by high body mass index. […] The disease burden of CML decreased globally, especially in higher SDI countries in the past 28 years. The increasing incidence cases and death cases were mainly observed in lower SDI countries. Additionally, strategies to control modifiable risk factors such as smoking and high body mass index might be useful in diminishing mortality and DALYs.

• #40 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): 5 Things to Know

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml-5-things-know-2024a10007mv

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. […] CML accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemia cases, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. […] In developed countries, such as the United States and those in Europe, CML prevalence is higher than in developing regions. […] The introduction of TKI therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for CML, significantly improving survival rates. […] Sex disparities exist in CML incidence, with a slightly higher prevalence observed in males than in females. […] Race also influences CML prevalence, with individuals of European descent having a higher incidence compared with other racial groups. […] Sociodemographic factors such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and geographical location can affect disease incidence, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes in patients with CML. […] Overall, understanding the epidemiology of CML helps guide public health strategies, resource allocation, and efforts to improve access to care for all individuals affected by this disease.

• #41 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  The contribution ratio of smoking descended from 1990 to 2017, accounting for 19.8% of CML deaths and 15.8% of DALYs in 2017. […] In recent years, higher SDI countries achieved remarkable achievements in diminishing CML burden. Lower SDI countries should pay more attention to reducing the disease burden of CML. Consequently, strategies about early detection of CML, the introduction of novel drugs, and against attributable factors such as smoking and high body mass index should be implemented to reduce CML burden, especially in lower SDI quintiles.

• #42 Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Essential Criteria for Diagnosis of Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/4/798

  CML usually presents at a median age of 60 years in Caucasians, but at younger age (35–45 years) in Asians. It is rare in children contributing only 2–3% of all pediatric leukemia cases. The global incidence rate of CML is 15/1,000,000 per year with a male to female ratio of 1.34 while the age-adjusted incidence rate for the age group <18 years is 1.0 per 1,000,000. In the first three years of life pediatric CML is extremely rare. The SEERS database showing pooled data on all myeloproliferative diseases at childhood age lists a continuously increasing incidence rate from 0.7 cases in the age group 1 to 4 years up to 4.3 cases per 1,000,000 at 15 to 19 years. From the authors’ experience, myeloproliferative diseases besides CML like essential thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis are more than 10-fold less frequent than CML in the first two decades of life. Therefore, the SEERS data give a rather detailed impression on the continuous increase in the incidence of CML especially in the 2nd decade of life.

• #43 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Tunisia

  https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume17/Epidemiology%20of%20Chronic%20Myeloid%20Leukemia%20in%20Tunisia.002328.php

  This study confirms that an earlier age of diagnosis exists in Tunisian CML patients. […] An earlier age at diagnosis of CML in developing countries has been previously reported with median age ranging between 32 and 44 years. […] The finding of regional differences in age at diagnosis demonstrates that there exists a possible environmental factor that may be impacting the pattern of CML. […] CML prevalence is anticipated to increase due to therapeutic advancements. […] Many important differences in hematological cancers, including CML, have been highlighted in various publications in developing countries vs developed countries. […] Although generic first-generation TKIs (imatinib) are available in many parts of the world, several challenges remain in providing optimal treatment to patients with CML in resource-poor countries.

• #44 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-Epidemiology.aspx

  The median age at diagnosis is 65 years. CML is exceedingly rare among children and the risk of the cancer rises with age. […] The leukemia usually does not run in families and there are no hereditary, geographic, ethnic, or economic associations with CML. […] The risk however is higher around areas where there has been a high radiation exposure. For example, individuals exposed to the atom bomb explosions in Japan in 1945, those living near the nuclear accident site at Chernobyl are at a greater risk of the cancer and CML rates are higher in these areas. […] According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia cases there will be around 5,920 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and 610 deaths from the cancer in 2013. The average person’s lifetime risk of getting CML is about 1 in 625.

• #45 Chronic myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia?embed_domain=hackmd.io%25252525252525252f%252525252525252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%25252525252525252fbnjhjgjghjghjgh&lang=us

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the overproduction of granulocytes with fairly normal differentiation. […] The annual incidence is about 1 per 100,000. The typical age at presentation is 50-60 years. Exposure to high-dose radiation is a risk factor.

• #46 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ChrncMylgnsLkm.htm

  Common in Atomic bomb survivors […] Peak Incidence at ages 30 to 50 years old […] Complete Blood Count (CBC) every 3 months […] Annual progression to blast phase: 25% of patients […] Five year survival: Age under 50 years old: 84% five year survival […] Age over 50 years old: 48% five year survival.

• #47 Risk Factors for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  The only risk factors for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are: […] The risk of getting CML does not seem to be affected by smoking, diet, exposure to chemicals, or infections. And CML does not run in families.

• #48 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-Epidemiology.aspx

  The median age at diagnosis is 65 years. CML is exceedingly rare among children and the risk of the cancer rises with age. […] The leukemia usually does not run in families and there are no hereditary, geographic, ethnic, or economic associations with CML. […] The risk however is higher around areas where there has been a high radiation exposure. For example, individuals exposed to the atom bomb explosions in Japan in 1945, those living near the nuclear accident site at Chernobyl are at a greater risk of the cancer and CML rates are higher in these areas. […] According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates for chronic myeloid leukemia cases there will be around 5,920 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia and 610 deaths from the cancer in 2013. The average person’s lifetime risk of getting CML is about 1 in 625.

• #49 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  The worldwide disease burden of CML is worth evaluating, which can help us better understand the specific impact of this disease on public health. […] The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017 contains epidemiologic data about 354 diseases across 195 countries and territories, providing an opportunity to understand the worldwide trends in the disease burden of CML. […] The death cases stayed stable globally, with 24,198 cases in 2017, and DALYs decreased slightly to 654,980 years in 2017. From 1990 to 2107, the ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate of CML decreased significantly. […] The epidemiologic trend of CML differed in age and sex, which was significant for policymakers. […] Smoking was always the leading potential factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, based on data in the GBD study, though its contribution ratio decreased.

• #50 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  The contribution ratio of smoking descended from 1990 to 2017, accounting for 19.8% of CML deaths and 15.8% of DALYs in 2017. […] In recent years, higher SDI countries achieved remarkable achievements in diminishing CML burden. Lower SDI countries should pay more attention to reducing the disease burden of CML. Consequently, strategies about early detection of CML, the introduction of novel drugs, and against attributable factors such as smoking and high body mass index should be implemented to reduce CML burden, especially in lower SDI quintiles.

• #51 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #52 Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia: a case report of a disease with a unique biology

  https://www.clinical-medicine.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/14/41/full/

  However, there are clear differences between pediatric and adult CML in terms of clinical presentation, biology, disease course, and side effects that need to be taken into account when treating pediatric CML patients. […] Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare hematological malignancy in the pediatric population. Annual incidence increases with age from 1 per million in children under 15 to 2.5 per million in adolescents. […] The clinical and laboratory presentation of pediatric CML differs from that of adults. […] Our patient tested positive for the Philadelphia chromosome, with the presence of an additional cytogenetic abnormality, trisomy 8 and a hyperdiploid subclone with 47 chromosomes. […] Nevertheless, children with CML share the same genetic features as adults, the balanced translocation (9;22) (q34; q11), which results in fusion of the ABL1 oncogene located on chromosome 9 to the same breakpoint regions in the Major BCR (M-BCR) gene on chromosome 22, leading to constitutive dysregulation of the ABL1 tyrosine kinase.

• #53 Chronic myelogenous leukemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352417

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia, also called CML, is an uncommon type of cancer of the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are made. CML causes an increased number of white blood cells in the blood. […] Chronic myelogenous leukemia also can be called chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia. It typically affects older adults and rarely occurs in children, though it can occur at any age. […] Advances in treatment have improved the prognosis of people with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Most people can achieve remission and live for many years after diagnosis. […] Most people with chronic myelogenous leukemia have a chromosome called the Philadelphia chromosome inside their blood cells. […] The Philadelphia chromosome is present in the blood cells of 90% of people with chronic myelogenous leukemia. […] Factors that increase the risk of chronic myelogenous leukemia include: Older age. CML is more common in older people than in children and teens. […] There’s no way to prevent chronic myelogenous leukemia. If you get it, there’s nothing you could have done to prevent it.

• #54 Population-based Testing and Treatment Characteristics for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44069

  Introduction National and International Hematology/Oncology Practice Guidelines recommend testing for the BCR-ABL mutation for definitive diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to allow for appropriate treatment with a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI). […] The purpose of our study was to describe population-based testing and treatment practice characteristics for patients diagnosed with CML. […] A total of 685 cases of CML were identified; 55% (374) had a documented BCR-ABL gene test with 96% (360) of these being positive for the BCR-ABL gene and the remaining 4% (14) either testing negative or had a missing result. […] One state registry reported a significantly lower percentage of patients being tested for the BCR-ABL gene (25%) and receiving TKI treatment (21%). […] Limiting analysis to CML case reports from the remaining nine CER registries, 78% (305) patients had a documented BCR-ABL gene test and 79% (308) had documented treatment with a TKI.

• #55 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

• #56 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): 5 Things to Know

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml-5-things-know-2024a10007mv

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. […] CML accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemia cases, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. […] In developed countries, such as the United States and those in Europe, CML prevalence is higher than in developing regions. […] The introduction of TKI therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for CML, significantly improving survival rates. […] Sex disparities exist in CML incidence, with a slightly higher prevalence observed in males than in females. […] Race also influences CML prevalence, with individuals of European descent having a higher incidence compared with other racial groups. […] Sociodemographic factors such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and geographical location can affect disease incidence, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes in patients with CML. […] Overall, understanding the epidemiology of CML helps guide public health strategies, resource allocation, and efforts to improve access to care for all individuals affected by this disease.

• #57 ETD | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Poverty Based Disparities in Survival | ID: 1v53jz09q | Emory Theses and Dissertations

  https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/1v53jz09q?locale=en

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a pathogenic gene known as the Philadelphia or Ph chromosome which results in oncogene BCR-ABL1. […] However, epidemiologic studies place 5-yr relative survival of CML in the US at 70% for 20102016 calendar period. […] As research has shown that not all individuals receive therapy equally, individuals in poverty with limited access to care may not be benefiting as fully from the availability of TKI treatment and therefore experience worse outcomes. […] This analysis of the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program found that there is a negative correlation between living in high poverty rate areas (greater than 20% of individuals under the poverty line) and CML survival time compared to cases living in low poverty areas (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.13-2.05). […] Survival disparities in CML between low and high poverty areas may be mediated by limited access to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an effective and well tolerated targeted treatment for CML. […] Cost and inaccessibility may lead to lower rates of TKI utilization in low SES patients.

• #58 ETD | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Poverty Based Disparities in Survival | ID: 1v53jz09q | Emory Theses and Dissertations

  https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/1v53jz09q?locale=en

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a pathogenic gene known as the Philadelphia or Ph chromosome which results in oncogene BCR-ABL1. […] However, epidemiologic studies place 5-yr relative survival of CML in the US at 70% for 20102016 calendar period. […] As research has shown that not all individuals receive therapy equally, individuals in poverty with limited access to care may not be benefiting as fully from the availability of TKI treatment and therefore experience worse outcomes. […] This analysis of the National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program found that there is a negative correlation between living in high poverty rate areas (greater than 20% of individuals under the poverty line) and CML survival time compared to cases living in low poverty areas (HR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.13-2.05). […] Survival disparities in CML between low and high poverty areas may be mediated by limited access to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an effective and well tolerated targeted treatment for CML. […] Cost and inaccessibility may lead to lower rates of TKI utilization in low SES patients.

• #59 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  With a number of new diagnostics at 288 patients older than 20 in Andalusia between 2005 and 2012, accumulated incidence rates as it is adjusted to the European standard population for CML in Andalusia is of 0.97 cases out of every 100.000 inhabitants/year. […] CML incidence in Andalusia is comparable to that described in the scientific literature and is in keeping with results from the European registry EUTOS from 2015. […] Epidemiological characteristics from our patients are homogeneous to those described in other registries in terms of sex, age of diagnosis and prognostication indices distribution. […] The creation of RALMC on population basis allows to obtain information regarding CML in real life, which is in turn needed for health planning and resource management in clinical praxis and support outside of clinical trials. However, methodological limitations in our registry must be taken into consideration: in Spain, CML patients are not obliged to declare their status, participation in RALMC is voluntary and inclusion is done under written consent.

• #60 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 2014-2023.

• #61 Point-of-care BCR::ABL1 transcript monitoring using capillary dried blood in chronic myeloid leukemia patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02285-9

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) comprises ~15 to 20% of all adult leukemias and the development of oral BCR::ABL1-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized management. […] The consequence of this greatly improved overall survival (OS) is that the number of individuals living with CML and requiring continued treatment and disease monitoring is steadily increasing. […] In the absence of effective therapy, the risk for CML progression to an acute leukemia with poor prognosis remains. […] An analysis of 1188 newly diagnosed CML patients on Medicare in the US highlighted that only 32% had optimal monitoring defined as at least three tests in the first year. […] This study also identified disparities in testing based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. […] The gap between recommended and actual testing is even more profound in low- and middle-income countries.

• #62 Point-of-care BCR::ABL1 transcript monitoring using capillary dried blood in chronic myeloid leukemia patients | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02285-9

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) comprises ~15 to 20% of all adult leukemias and the development of oral BCR::ABL1-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized management. […] The consequence of this greatly improved overall survival (OS) is that the number of individuals living with CML and requiring continued treatment and disease monitoring is steadily increasing. […] In the absence of effective therapy, the risk for CML progression to an acute leukemia with poor prognosis remains. […] An analysis of 1188 newly diagnosed CML patients on Medicare in the US highlighted that only 32% had optimal monitoring defined as at least three tests in the first year. […] This study also identified disparities in testing based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. […] The gap between recommended and actual testing is even more profound in low- and middle-income countries.

• #63 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML accounts for approximately 15 percent of adult leukemias. The median age at diagnosis is in the sixties, but CML can occur at any age. Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. In regions with limited access to medical care, patients often present with more advanced disease.

• #64 Epidemiology of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-71913-5_3

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensable tools for epidemiological research. […] Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.71.3/100,000, median age at diagnosis of 5660 years and a male/female ratio of 1.21.7. […] The incidence of CML has been stable over time. […] The prevalence of CML is less well known but has been estimated to 1520/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the profound improvement in survival of these patients. […] The impact of socioeconomic factors and health-care settings related to long-term outcome, a possible increased risk of secondary cancer development and identification of adverse off-target effects related to the continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among areas of ongoing epidemiological research in CML.

• #65 Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25814090/

  National and regional population-based registries are, provided diagnostic accuracy and full coverage of the target population, indispensible tools for epidemiological research. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) registries with more comprehensive reporting may also provide complementary data on treatment outcome to those obtained from clinical trials. Reports from several European CML registries consistently show a crude annual incidence of 0.7-1.0/100,000, a median age at diagnosis of 57-60 years and a male/female ratio of 1.2-1.7. The incidence of CML has been stable over time. Worldwide, variations in the reported incidence of CML may be due to methodological issues, but a true difference between different geographical areas and/or ethnical subgroups cannot be excluded. The prevalence of CML is not well known but has been estimated to be 10-12/100,000 inhabitants with a steady increase due to the dramatic improvement in survival of these patients.

• #66 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 2014-2023.

• #67 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 9280 new cases of CML will be diagnosed in 2024, 5330 in males and 3950 in females. The ACS estimates that 1280 deaths from CML will occur in 2024, 750 in males and 530 in females. […] The incidence of new CML cases rose on average 1.2% each year over 20122021, reaching 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022. Age-adjusted death rates remained stable over 20132022, at 0.3 per 100,000 population per year. […] CML is most often diagnosed in people aged 65-74 years. Median age at diagnosis is 66 years. CML is more common in males than in females: incidence rates per 100,000 population are 2.5 in males versus 1.5 in females.

• #68 Trends in disease burden of chronic myeloid leukemia at the global, regional, and national levels: a population-based epidemiologic study | Experimental Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://ehoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40164-020-00185-z

  Outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been improved dramatically in the past two decades, but survival levels of CML patients varied in regions. Comprehensive epidemiological research is necessary to evaluate the global burden of CML. […] Globally, the disease burden of CML gradually decreased from 1990 to 2017. Higher SDI countries achieved a remarkable effect on diminishing the CML burden. Conversely, due to population growth, the incidence cases, death cases, and DALYs of CML in lower SDI quintiles showed an upward trend. India had the most incidence cases and death cases of CML in the world. Additionally, smoking was the most significant attributable risk factor contributing to CML deaths and DALYs, followed by high body mass index. […] The disease burden of CML decreased globally, especially in higher SDI countries in the past 28 years. The increasing incidence cases and death cases were mainly observed in lower SDI countries. Additionally, strategies to control modifiable risk factors such as smoking and high body mass index might be useful in diminishing mortality and DALYs.

• #69 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): 5 Things to Know

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml-5-things-know-2024a10007mv

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. […] CML accounts for approximately 15% of adult leukemia cases, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. […] In developed countries, such as the United States and those in Europe, CML prevalence is higher than in developing regions. […] The introduction of TKI therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for CML, significantly improving survival rates. […] Sex disparities exist in CML incidence, with a slightly higher prevalence observed in males than in females. […] Race also influences CML prevalence, with individuals of European descent having a higher incidence compared with other racial groups. […] Sociodemographic factors such as access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, and geographical location can affect disease incidence, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes in patients with CML. […] Overall, understanding the epidemiology of CML helps guide public health strategies, resource allocation, and efforts to improve access to care for all individuals affected by this disease.

• #70 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html

  Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new chronic myeloid leukemia cases have been rising on average 1.0% each year over 2013-2022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.7% each year over 2014-2023.

• #71 EPIDEMIOLOGY IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML) IN ANDALUSIA…. EHA Library. Manuel Puerta-Puerta J. Jun 14 2018; 215981

  https://library.ehaweb.org/eha/2018/stockholm/215981/jose.manuel.puerta-puerta.epidemiology.in.chronic.myeloid.leukemia.28cml29.in.html?f=media=3

  With a number of new diagnostics at 288 patients older than 20 in Andalusia between 2005 and 2012, accumulated incidence rates as it is adjusted to the European standard population for CML in Andalusia is of 0.97 cases out of every 100.000 inhabitants/year. […] CML incidence in Andalusia is comparable to that described in the scientific literature and is in keeping with results from the European registry EUTOS from 2015. […] Epidemiological characteristics from our patients are homogeneous to those described in other registries in terms of sex, age of diagnosis and prognostication indices distribution. […] The creation of RALMC on population basis allows to obtain information regarding CML in real life, which is in turn needed for health planning and resource management in clinical praxis and support outside of clinical trials. However, methodological limitations in our registry must be taken into consideration: in Spain, CML patients are not obliged to declare their status, participation in RALMC is voluntary and inclusion is done under written consent.

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