Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Signs and Symptoms of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/signs-and-symptoms

  People who have chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may not have any symptoms at first. Often, patients learn they have CML after a routine physical exam or a blood test. CML signs and symptoms tend to develop gradually. Those with symptoms often report experiencing: […] Many signs and symptoms of CML occur because the CML cells crowd out the bone marrows healthy red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. […] Anemia is a lack of red blood cells that can cause weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath. A lack of normal white blood cells can increase the risk of infection, and a lack of platelets can lead to excessive bruising or bleeding. Symptoms may also occur because CML cells accumulate in organs such as the spleen. Some patients may have a high platelet count.

• #2 Chronic myelogenous leukemia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352417

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia often doesn’t cause symptoms. It might be detected during a blood test. […] When they occur, symptoms may include: Bone pain. Bleeding easily. Feeling full after eating a small amount of food. Fatigue. Fever. Weight loss without trying. Loss of appetite. Pain or fullness below the ribs on the left side. Excessive sweating during sleep. Blurry vision caused by bleeding in the back of the eye. […] Chronic myelogenous leukemia happens when something causes changes to the bone marrow cells. It’s not clear what starts this process. However, doctors have discovered how it progresses into chronic myelogenous leukemia. […] In chronic myelogenous leukemia, this process doesn’t work properly. The tyrosine kinase allows too many white blood cells to grow. Most or all of these cells contain the Philadelphia chromosome. The diseased white blood cells don’t grow and die like they should. The diseased white blood cells build up in huge numbers. They crowd out healthy blood cells and damage the bone marrow.

• #3 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is blood cancer that starts in the blood-forming myeloid cells or stem cells in your bone marrow. […] Many people learn they have CML after routine blood test results show unusual blood cell counts. Prompt treatment keeps CML from getting worse. Without treatment, chronic myeloid leukemia can become a life-threatening illness within three to four years. […] You can have CML without having noticeable symptoms. Chronic myeloid leukemia symptoms are mild and get worse over time. Common CML symptoms may include: Fatigue or weakness. Shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fever. Night sweats. Unexplained weight loss. Abdominal swelling or discomfort in the upper left part of your belly, where you can find your spleen. Feeling full when you haven’t eaten much. […] In blast CML, tests show blasts make up 20% or more of cells in your bone marrow or blood. Most people with blast phase CML have very noticeable symptoms such as extreme fatigue, fever, weight loss and shortness of breath.

• #4 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) won’t have any symptoms at all. They are diagnosed because they have a routine blood test for something else. […] In CML symptoms tend to be mild at first and get worse slowly. Many of the symptoms listed below occur in CML but are more likely to be caused by other illnesses. […] As the number of abnormal white blood cells rise, you may pick up infections more easily. This is because the abnormal white blood cells cannot fight off infection as well as healthy ones. […] It is common for people with CML to feel very tired. This is because your bone marrow isn’t able to make enough red blood cells. They are crowded out by the large numbers of abnormal white blood cells. A shortage of red blood cells is called anaemia. This can make you feel breathless and tired.

• #5 Chronic myeloid leukaemia – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/276

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may be asymptomatic at presentation in approximately 50% of patients. Symptoms, if present, typically include malaise, fever, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats. […] Splenomegaly is the most common physical finding; nearly all patients will have elevated WBC count. […] The 'chronic’ phase of the disease may transform to an 'accelerated’ or 'blast’ phase in 5% to 10% of patients despite treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the blast phase resulting in acute myeloid or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. […] Other diagnostic factors include weight loss, excessive sweating, fever, pallor, bruising, and retinal haemorrhages.

• #6 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; previously called chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, or chronic granulocytic leukemia) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that manifests uncontrolled proliferation of mature and maturing granulocytes in blood and bone marrow. CML is characterized by t(9;22), a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in an abnormally short chromosome 22 known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The chromosomal translocation generates the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which is translated into a constitutively active tyrosine kinase protein. […] Most patients present with chronic phase (CP) CML, which is a relatively indolent disorder of excessive mature and maturing neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, with or without splenomegaly and/or constitutional symptoms. Up to one-half of patients with CP CML are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Infrequently, patients initially present with more aggressive stages of CML called accelerated phase (AP) and/or blast phase (BP). These advanced stages of CML manifest increasingly immature blood cells in blood and bone marrow, worsening symptoms, and additional cytogenetic abnormalities. […] BCR::ABL1 is exquisitely sensitive to BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and they effectively control CML in most patients. TKIs have improved outcomes so that the survival of patients with CML is now comparable to that of the general population.

• #7 Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  The symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are often vague and are more often caused by other things. Overall, the signs and symptoms of leukemia can affect men or women and do not differ by sex or gender. They include: Weakness, Fatigue, Night sweats, Weight loss, Fever, Bone pain (caused by leukemia cells spreading from the marrow cavity to the surface of the bone or into the joint), An enlarged spleen (felt as a mass under the left side of the ribcage), Pain or a sense of „fullness” in the belly, Feeling full after eating even a small amount of food. […] Many of the signs and symptoms of CML occur because the leukemia cells replace the bone marrow’s normal blood-making cells. As a result, people with CML don’t make enough red blood cells, properly functioning white blood cells, and platelets.

• #8 Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML): How to tell if it is getting worse

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Various symptoms indicate chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has progressed from one phase to another. These include an increase in leukemia cells, a change in a persons platelet count, and worsening anemia. […] Worsening symptoms can indicate that CML is progressing. […] The symptoms of CML are typically vague, and people sometimes do not recognize them as signs of the disease. […] As CML progresses, certain symptoms may develop or worsen and can include: lack of appetite, fever, weight loss, bone pain, bone damage, worsening of anemia, increase in leukemia cells, enlarged spleen, a change in platelet count, recurring infections. […] People often have vague, mild, or no symptoms in the chronic phase of CML. They can develop more severe symptoms as the cancer progresses, such as bone pain, frequent infection, and easy bruising and bleeding. […] In later phases of CML, blood and bone marrow may contain more blasts and very high or low platelet counts. They could also show chromosome changes.

• #9 Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Anemia is a shortage of red blood cells. It can cause weakness, tiredness, and shortness of breath. […] Leukopenia is a shortage of normal white blood cells. This shortage increases the risk of infections. Although patients with leukemia may have very high white blood cell counts, the leukemia cells don’t protect against infection the way normal white blood cells do. […] Neutropenia means that the level of normal neutrophils is low. Neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, are very important in fighting infection from bacteria. People who are neutropenic have a high risk of getting very serious bacterial infections. […] Thrombocytopenia is a shortage of blood platelets. It can lead to easy bruising or bleeding, with frequent or severe nosebleeds and bleeding gums. Some patients with CML actually have too many platelets (thrombocytosis). But those platelets often don’t work the way they should, so these people often have problems with bleeding and bruising as well. […] The most common sign of CML is an abnormal white blood cell count.

• #10 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  In about 5% of patients, CML progresses from a relatively stable disease into a more rapidly progressing one. This is known as the accelerated phase of CML. During this time a proportion of blast cells may start to increase in your bone marrow and circulating blood. […] Overall for patients with CML, there is generally a less than 5% risk it will transform into a rapidly progressing disease resembling acute leukaemia. This risk is less than 1% in those who have an excellent response to current drug therapy. This is known as the blast phase or blast crisis. […] Because CML develops slowly many people don’t have any symptoms (particularly in the early stages) and the disease is picked up on a routine blood test. […] As the disease progresses, symptoms arise from the increasing number of abnormal blood cells in the bone marrow and blood, and the decreasing number of normal blood cells. Possible symptoms may include: anaemia, due to a lack of red cells and causing persistent tiredness, dizziness, paleness, or shortness of breath when physically active; increased or unexplained bleeding or bruising, due to a very low platelet count; frequent or repeated infections and slow healing, due to a lack of normal white blood cells; pain or discomfort under the ribs on the left side, due to an enlarged spleen; excessive sweating or unintentional weight loss.

• #11 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Low levels of platelets in the blood can cause bleeding or bruising. You may find that you bruise more easily than usual or with no obvious cause. You may also have bleeding from the gums or nose. More rarely people notice a fine rash of dark red spots (called purpura). […] The spleen is an organ on the left side of your tummy (abdomen), just under your ribs. It can become swollen and larger than normal. This can cause discomfort or pain in your tummy (abdomen). Your doctor may be able to feel your enlarged spleen. […] In CML, abnormal white blood cells can also collect in the lymph glands. This may cause swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people gradually lose their appetite. This can be due to the swollen spleen pressing on the stomach. […] CML can use up energy that your body would otherwise use or store. So you may lose weight, even if you think you are eating normally.

• #12 Leukemia Symptoms: ALL, AML, CLL and CML | Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/leukemia/symptoms

  Feeling very tired. […] Weight loss for no known reason. […] Night sweats. […] Fever. […] Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] Sometimes CML does not cause any symptoms at all.

• #13 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms 

  https://healthlibrary.metroplus.org/Wellness/Backandneck/85,P00088

  Many people dont have any symptoms when they’re diagnosed with CML. It’s often found when a person has blood tests done for another reason and the tests show too many white blood cells. If CML does cause symptoms, they can include: […] Feeling very tired (fatigue). […] Feeling weak. […] Fevers. […] Night sweats. […] Frequent infections. […] Pain or a sense of fullness in the left upper belly (abdomen), from an enlarged spleen. […] Feeling full after eating only a small amount. […] Weight loss for no known reason. […] Bone or joint pain. […] Many of these symptoms can be caused by other, more common health problems. In fact, most of them are more likely to be caused by something else. But it’s important to see your health care provider if you have these symptoms. Only a provider can tell if you have CML, another type of cancer, or some other health problem that needs to be treated.

• #14 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/symptoms

  Some people have sudden onsets of a high temperature (fever) and sweating. This can occur more often at night. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the brain. This can cause headaches in some people. […] Sometimes you may get aches in your bones. This is because there are leukaemia cells building up in the bone marrow, increasing pressure on nerves and causing pain. […] These symptoms may occur but are usually in the later stages of CML. […] If you have a very high white blood cell count, the extra cells can clog the smallest blood vessels in the eyes. This may cause eye problems. […] Some people get swollen joints due to a build up of body salts in the tissues. […] Doctors call this priapism. It is a rare symptom. Priapism is an erection that won’t go down and can become very painful. It is caused by the abnormally high number of white blood cells in the blood blocking up tiny blood vessels in the penis. […] If you have any of these symptoms you must have them checked by your GP. But remember, they can be caused by other conditions. […] Most people with these symptoms will not have chronic myeloid leukaemia.

• #15 Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) are not always obvious and can be similar to other conditions. […] You may not have any symptoms in the early stages. […] If you do have symptoms, they can include: feeling tired or weak, bleeding or bruising easily or for no reason, looking more pale than usual on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or insides of your eyelids, getting ill a lot or taking longer than usual to recover from illnesses, swollen glands, usually in the neck, armpits and groin, aches and pains in your bones, loss of appetite or losing weight without trying, swollen tummy your tummy may feel painful, uncomfortable or full, night sweats, headaches. […] Less common symptoms include: blurred vision, swollen or painful joints, painful erections (priapism), or erections that do not go down. […] Most of these symptoms are common and can be caused by many different conditions. […] Having them does not definitely mean you have CML. But it’s important to get them checked by a GP. […] This is because if they’re caused by leukaemia, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat.

• #16 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) | Phases of CML | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/diagnosis/cml-phases-and-prognostic-factors

  CML has three phases. The phase of your chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays a large part in determining the type of treatment you’ll receive. […] People with chronic phase CML: May or may not have symptoms. […] If untreated, chronic phase CML will eventually progress to accelerated phase CML and/or blast phase CML. […] In the accelerated phase, the number of CML cells grow faster and cause symptoms such as fatigue, fever, weight loss and an enlarged spleen. […] People who have blast phase CML may have signs and symptoms such as fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bone pain, enlarged spleen, poor appetite and weight loss, night sweats, bleeding, and/or infections.

• #17 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia | CML | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicmyeloidleukemia.html

  Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia. „Chronic” means that the leukemia usually gets worse slowly. In CML, the bone marrow makes abnormal granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). These abnormal cells are also called blasts. When the abnormal cells crowd out the healthy cells, it can lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding. The abnormal cells can also spread outside the blood to other parts of the body. […] Sometimes CML does not cause symptoms. If you do have symptoms, they can include: Feeling very tired, Weight loss for no known reason, Drenching night sweats, Fever, Pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] CML has three phases. The phases are based on how much the CML has grown or spread: Chronic phase, where less than 10% of cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells (leukemia cells). Most people are diagnosed in this phase, and many do not have symptoms. Standard treatment usually helps in this phase. Accelerated phase, 10% to 19% of the cells in the blood and bone marrow are blast cells. In this phase, people often have symptoms and standard treatment may not be as effective as in the chronic phase. Blastic phase, where 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. The blast cells have spread to other tissues and organs. If you have tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen during the blastic phase, it is called a blast crisis. This phase is harder to treat.

• #18 Phases of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/staging.html

  Patients in the chronic phase typically have less than 10% blasts in their blood or bone marrow samples. These patients usually have fairly mild symptoms (if any) and usually respond to standard treatments. […] Patients whose CML is in an accelerated phase may have symptoms such as fever, poor appetite, and weight loss. CML in the accelerated phase doesn’t respond as well to treatment as CML in the chronic phase. […] In this phase, the CML acts a lot like an acute leukemia. These patients often have fever, poor appetite, and weight loss.

• #19 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Symptoms, Doctors, Treatments, Advances & More | MediFind

  https://www.medifind.com/conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml/1142

  Chronic myelogenous leukemia is grouped into phases: […] The chronic phase can last for months or years. The disease may have few or no symptoms during this time. Most people are diagnosed during this stage, when they have blood tests done for other reasons. […] The accelerated phase is a more dangerous phase. Leukemia cells grow more quickly. Common symptoms include fever (even without infection), bone pain, and a swollen spleen. […] Untreated CML leads to the blast crisis phase. Bleeding and infection may occur due to bone marrow failure. […] Other possible symptoms of a blast crisis include: […] Bruising […] Excessive sweating (night sweats) […] Fatigue […] Fever […] Pressure under the lower left ribs from a swollen spleen […] Rash — small pinpoint red marks on the skin (petechiae) […] Weakness.

• #20 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  The chronic phase has less than 10% blasts, asymptomatic to mild symptoms, and responds to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines accelerated phase CML as having 1 or more of the following criteria: Persistent or increasing high white blood cell count (greater than 10 x 10/L) unresponsive to therapy; Persistent or increasing splenomegaly unresponsive to therapy; Persistent thrombocytosis (greater than 1000 x 10/L) unresponsive to therapy; Persistent thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 10/L); Greater than or equal to 20% basophils in peripheral blood; 10% to 19% blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow (without extramedullary blast proliferation); Additional chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells at diagnosis; Any new clonal chromosomal abnormality in Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells during therapy.

• #21 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/

  Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. In CML the bone marrow produces too many white cells, called granulocytes. These cells (sometimes called blasts or leukaemic blasts) gradually crowd the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production. They also spill out of the bone marrow and circulate around the body in the bloodstream. Because they are not fully mature, they are unable to work properly to fight infections. Over time, a shortage of red cells and platelets can cause anaemia, bleeding and/or bruising. […] CML usually develops gradually during the early stages of disease, and progresses slowly over weeks or months. It has three phases: chronic phase, accelerated phase, blast phase. […] Most people (more than 90%) are diagnosed in the early chronic phase of CML. Blood counts remain relatively stable and the proportion of blast cells in the bone marrow and blood is low (five per cent or less). Most people are generally well at this stage and have few, if any, troubling symptoms of their disease.

• #22 CML symptoms | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/cml-symptoms-testing/cml-symptoms/

  If youve been diagnosed with CML, you may have noticed some symptoms before your diagnosis. Its important to remember that not everyone will get all, or even any, of the symptoms listed here. Each person is different and reacts differently. […] Many of the symptoms in the chronic phase are very common and are often caused by other things. They usually develop very slowly and include: tiredness or fatigue (extreme tiredness), loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss, bloating, swelling, general discomfort and sometimes pain around the stomach area (caused by an enlarged spleen), blurred vision, unusual or excessive bleeding, for example from your gums or nose, long-lasting, painful erections (priapism). […] Your symptoms wont normally change much from the chronic phase to the high risk chronic phase, but they may become more obvious and you may also notice bone pain. This is caused by the myeloid blasts starting to overcrowd your bone marrow.

• #23 Chronic myelogenous leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia

  Approximately 85% of patients with CML are in the chronic phase at the time of diagnosis. During this phase, patients are usually asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms of fatigue, left side pain, joint and/or hip pain, or abdominal fullness. The duration of chronic phase is variable and depends on how early the disease was diagnosed as well as the therapies used. In the absence of treatment, the disease progresses to an accelerated phase.[10] […] The accelerated phase is significant because it signals that the disease is progressing and transformation to blast crisis is imminent. Drug treatment often becomes less effective in the advanced stages.[12] […] Blast crisis is the final phase in the evolution of CML, and behaves like an acute leukemia, with rapid progression and short survival.[10]

• #24 Stages (phases) of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/stages

  When your doctors have all your test results, they know how far your chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has developed. […] Not everyone has symptoms in this phase. If you do have symptoms they might be mild and vague. […] In the accelerated phase, you have more obvious symptoms. You might notice that you: feel more tired than usual, have lost weight, have a swollen tummy (abdomen) or have discomfort to the left of your stomach, under your ribs – this is due to an enlarged spleen. […] You can feel quite unwell and your symptoms could be troublesome. Your spleen is enlarged.

• #25 CML symptoms | Blood Cancer UK

  https://bloodcancer.org.uk/understanding-blood-cancer/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml/cml-symptoms-testing/cml-symptoms/

  Increased symptoms during this phase could also mean that the CML is reaching the blast phase, so your doctor will monitor you closely to check for any signs of this. […] In addition to the symptoms already mentioned, people in the blast phase often notice extra symptoms, including: fever, bruising more easily than normal, repeated infections, swollen lymph nodes, headaches (if blast cells are in the fluid around the brain and spinal cord). […] Its important to remember that a lot of the symptoms of CML can be explained by other causes, and having any of these symptoms doesnt necessarily mean you have CML or that it is getting worse. Always mention any new symptoms or changes you notice to your doctor.

• #26 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  In the accelerated phase, survival rates vary widely according to treatment. If the patient responds well to TKIs, rates are nearly as good as for those in the chronic phase. Overall, survival rates for those in the blast crisis phase hover below 20%. The best chance for survival involves using drugs to get the disease back into the chronic phase and then try HSCT. […] Patients who develop blast crisis, which has manifestations similar to those of acute leukemia, have a very poor prognosis. Treatment results are unsatisfactory, and most of these patients succumb to the disease. Survival is 3-6 months.

• #27 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – CML | Hematology-Oncology Associates of CNY

  https://www.hoacny.com/patient-resources/types-cancer/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-%E2%80%93-cml

  Chronic myeloid leukemia is a disease in which the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells. […] Signs and symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia include weight loss and tiredness. […] In CML, too many myeloblasts (a type of immature white blood cell) form in the blood and bone marrow, and the disease worsens as the number of myeloblasts increases. […] These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by CML or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have: fatigue (feeling very tired), weight loss for no known reason, drenching night sweats, fever, pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. […] Sometimes CML does not cause any symptoms at all. […] As the amount of blast cells increases in the blood and bone marrow, there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This may result in infections, anemia, and easy bleeding, as well as bone pain and pain or a feeling of fullness below the ribs on the left side. The number of blast cells in the blood and bone marrow and the severity of signs or symptoms determine the phase of the disease. […] In blastic phase CML, 20% or more of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells. When tiredness, fever, and an enlarged spleen occur during the blastic phase, it is called blast crisis. […] In relapsed CML, the number of blast cells increases after a remission.

• #28 Symptoms of CML Getting Worse: Breakdown by Phase

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cml/symptoms-of-cml-getting-worse

  Many of the symptoms you experience during the accelerated phase become more severe at this stage. Fevers or infections may become especially dangerous or life threatening. […] CML progresses slowly, but its best to seek treatment as early as possible to slow the growth of blasts in your bone marrow. […] Without treatment, CML typically progresses to accelerated and blast phases within 3 to 5 years. […] CML may not show symptoms at first, but they can progress and become more severe as CML advances. […] More frequent headaches, infections, and bleeding are common features of the accelerated phase. Symptoms like bone pain, worsening fatigue, and excessive weight loss may suggest progression to the blast phase.

• #29 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml

  In some people, CML in the accelerated phase may transform into the blast phase. Rarely, people are diagnosed with CML in the blast phase. Or, the leukaemia progresses straight to the blast phase from the chronic phase. […] The blast phase is like an acute leukaemia. In this phase, more than 2 in 10 blood cells in the blood or bone marrow (20%) are blast cells. The blast phase is sometimes called blast crisis.

• #29 Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/leukaemia/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia-cml

  CML develops slowly and many people do not have symptoms in the early stages. Sometimes CML is found by chance when you have a blood test before an operation, or as part of a routine health check. […] In the early stages of CML, any symptoms are usually mild and develop slowly. They can be confused with the symptoms of more common illnesses, such as flu. […] In a small number of people, the leukaemia may progress from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase. This can happen if the CML does not respond well to treatment. Sometimes people are diagnosed with CML in the accelerated phase. […] In the accelerated phase, there are more blast cells in the blood or bone marrow. You may also develop symptoms such as: tiredness, weight loss, bone pain, sweating and a high temperature at night.

• #30 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21845-chronic-myelogenous-leukemia-cml

  If treatment puts chronic myeloid leukemia into remission, you won’t have symptoms or signs of disease, but you’ll need medication to keep CML in remission. Most people with CML attend frequent, routine appointments to see how well their treatment is working. […] Treatment-free remission (TFR) means you don’t have CML symptoms or signs even after you stop taking a TKI. Recent studies show about 40% of people who stop treatment remain in remission for several years. […] Overall, 90% of people with CML are alive five years after diagnosis.

• #31 Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/chronic-myeloid-leukaemia/symptoms/

  Many people with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) have no symptoms. Often the disease is diagnosed after a routine blood test shows a high white blood cell count. In the early stages, symptoms tend to be mild and develop slowly. […] Symptoms may include: swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarms or groin; pain and/or feeling full after eating only a small amount – caused by an enlarged spleen; tiredness – caused by a low red blood cell count (anaemia); frequent and persistent infections – caused by low levels of normal white blood cells (neutropenia) leading to lowered immunity or few protective antibodies to help fight infections; bruising or bleeding – caused by low levels of platelets (thrombocytopenia); drenching night sweats; high temperature (fever) without any other signs of infection; unexplained weight loss. […] Not everyone with these symptoms has chronic leukaemia, but if you have any of these symptoms, it’s best to see your doctor.

• #32 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/199425-overview

  The following are signs and symptoms of progressive disease: Bleeding, petechiae, and ecchymoses during the accelerated phase […] Bone pain and fever in the blast phase […] Increasing anemia, thrombocytopenia, basophilia, and a rapidly enlarging spleen in blast crisis. […] CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. In the chronic phase of disease, mature cells proliferate; in the accelerated phase, additional cytogenetic abnormalities occur; in the blast phase, immature cells rapidly proliferate. Over 85% of patients are diagnosed in the chronic phase and then progress to the accelerated and blast phases after 3-5 years. […] Historically, the median survival of patients with CML was 3-5 years from the time of diagnosis. Currently, patients with CML have a median survival of 5 or more years. The 5-year survival rate has more than doubled, from 31% in the early 1990s to 70% for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2020. The outlook is even more favorable for patients with CML in the chronic phase who receive tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, because these agents often prevent progression to accelerated phase and blast crisis.

• #33 Chronic myeloid leukemia: Symptoms, prognosis, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  In general, the sooner a person receives treatment for CML, the better their outcome. However, a person’s age and overall health will play a part in determining their outcome, as will the phase of CML at diagnosis. […] The American Cancer Society notes that the most effective drugs for CML treatment only became available in 2001, so there is not yet much data on life expectancy when taking these medications. However, most people who have received these treatments are still alive. […] The researchers behind a large study published in 2012 reported the following CML survival rates since 2001: chronic phase: 87% survival rate after 8 years, accelerated phase: 75% survival rate after 8 years, blastic phase: median survival time of 6 months.

• #34 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/c/chronic-myeloid-leukemia

  Survival rates and quality of life for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia have improved dramatically, due to more effective medicines and better methods for monitoring treatment response. […] Research has focused on developing newer and even more effective TKI drugs and gaining a better understanding of how the disease progresses.

• #35 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531459/

  Before introducing imatinib, most CML cases progressed to the blast phase, and death occurred in under 5 years. Since tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been the first-line therapy for CML, the 5-year survival has risen from 33% to over 90%. The 10-year survival has risen from 11% to 84%, and complete cytogenetic response occurs in 70% to 90% of patients. Individuals diagnosed with chronic phase CML are expected to reach normal or near-normal life expectancy.

• #36 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml

  Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, shortness of breath. […] About half of people with chronic myeloid leukemia dont experience any discomfort or other symptoms. They dont know that they have the condition until the discovery is made during routine bloodwork. […] Other people with this type of cancer may experience: Fatigue, Unexpected weight loss, Night sweats, Fever, Enlarged spleen, Pain beneath the rib cage on the left side of the body, A feeling of fullness beneath the rib cage on the left side of the body, Bleeding, Bone pain, Anemia, Unexplained bruises, Skin rashes. […] Advances in treatment including targeted therapy over the past few decades have helped many people survive chronic myeloid leukemia. […] About 70% of people with chronic myeloid leukemia survive 5 years or longer. Advances in treatment therapies, particularly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have greatly improved survivorship among people with chronic myeloid leukemia. Survival rates may improve as more time passes. Some research has found that 90% of people who received the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib lived for 5 years or longer.

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