Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment Option Overview for Male Breast Cancer […] The approach to the treatment of men with breast cancer is similar to that for women. Because male breast cancer is rare, there is a lack of randomized data to support specific treatment modalities. Treatment options for men with breast cancer are described in Table 1. […] Table 1. Treatment Options for Male Breast Cancer Stage (TNM Definitions) Treatment Options T = primary tumor; N = regional lymph node; M = distant metastasis; GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Early/localized/operable male breast cancer Surgery with or without radiation therapy Adjuvant therapy Locally advanced male breast cancer Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Surgical excision Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy Metastatic male breast cancer Aromatase inhibitor therapy in conjunction with a GnRH agonist

• #2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65980/

  This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of male breast cancer. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. […] The treatment of male breast cancer depends partly on the stage of the disease. […] For treatment options for stage I, stage II, stage IIIA, and operable stage IIIC breast cancer, see Treatment of Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer. […] For treatment options for cancer that has recurred (come back) near the area where it first formed, see Treatment of Locoregional Recurrent Male Breast Cancer. […] For treatment options for stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer or breast cancer that has recurred in other parts of the body, see Treatment of Metastatic Male Breast Cancer.

• #3 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Male breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. […] The treatment of male breast cancer depends partly on the stage of the disease. […] There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. […] Five types of standard treatment are used to treat men with breast cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy. […] Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include the following: Initial surgery, Adjuvant therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include the following: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Other treatment options.

• #4 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65980/

  There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. […] Five types of standard treatment are used to treat men with breast cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy. […] Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Surgery for men with breast cancer is usually a modified radical mastectomy, surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. […] Breast-conserving surgery, an operation to remove the cancer but not the breast itself, is also used for some men with breast cancer. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing.

• #5 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

  Male breast cancer develops in breast tissue. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and targeted therapy. […] Your treatment depends on the cancer type and stage. You’ll likely need a combination of treatments that follow a timeline that your provider will explain to you. […] Breast cancer surgery is the most common treatment for early-stage male breast cancer. Surgery to remove your entire breast (mastectomy) is more common than surgery to remove the lump only (lumpectomy). […] Radiation for breast cancer uses X-rays or other energy sources to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout your body. […] Providers use hormone therapy to lower estrogen levels or block their effects. […] Targeted therapy treatments interfere with processes that allow cancer cells to grow.

• #6 Male breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745

  Male breast cancer treatment usually starts with surgery. Other common treatments include chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation therapy. To create a treatment plan, your health care team looks at your cancer’s stage, your overall health and what you prefer. […] The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. Operations used to treat male breast cancer include: […] A mastectomy involves removing all the breast tissue from one side of your chest. This includes removing the nipple and the skin around it, called the areola. This is the most common type of surgery for male breast cancer. […] A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. The rest of the breast tissue isn’t removed. Sometimes doctors call this breast-conserving surgery. Often, radiation therapy is recommended after lumpectomy.

• #7 Treatment of Breast Cancer in Men, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/by-stage.html

  This information is based on AJCC Staging systems prior to 2018 which were primarily based on tumor size and lymph node status. […] Because there have been few clinical trials on treatment of male breast cancer, most doctors base their treatment recommendations on their experience with the disease and on the results of studies of breast cancer in women. With some minor variations, breast cancer in men is treated the same way as breast cancer in women. […] The main treatment for stage I breast cancer is to remove it with surgery. This is usually done by mastectomy, but breast-conserving surgery (BCS) might occasionally be an option. If breast-conserving surgery is done, it is usually followed by radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy, chemotherapy (chemo) and/or targeted therapy may be recommended as adjuvant (after surgery) therapy, based on the tumor size and results of lab tests. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is usually recommended for hormone receptor-positive tumors.

• #8 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer […] As in women, treatment options for men with early-stage breast cancer include: […] Surgery with or without radiation therapy (locoregional therapy). Adjuvant therapy (systemic therapy). […] Surgery With or Without Radiation Therapy […] Primary treatment is a mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Responses in men are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. Breast conservation surgery with lumpectomy and radiation therapy has also been used and can be offered if standard criteria for breast conservation therapy are met. Results in men have been similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. […] Adjuvant Therapy […] The optimal systemic treatment in men with breast cancer has not been studied in randomized clinical trials. Adjuvant therapy should be administered according to the same criteria used for women. Adjuvant therapies used to treat early/localized/operable male breast cancer are outlined in Table 2.

• #9 Male breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745

  Male breast cancer treatment usually starts with surgery. Other common treatments include chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation therapy. To create a treatment plan, your health care team looks at your cancer’s stage, your overall health and what you prefer. […] The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. Operations used to treat male breast cancer include: […] A mastectomy involves removing all the breast tissue from one side of your chest. This includes removing the nipple and the skin around it, called the areola. This is the most common type of surgery for male breast cancer. […] A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. The rest of the breast tissue isn’t removed. Sometimes doctors call this breast-conserving surgery. Often, radiation therapy is recommended after lumpectomy.

• #10 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – Forge Breast Cancer Survivor Center

  https://forgeon.org/male-breast-cancer-treatment/

  There are 5 standard male breast cancer treatments: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Radiation Therapy, Targeted Therapy. […] Surgery for men with breast cancer is usually a modified radical mastectomy (removal of the breast, many of the lymph nodes under the arm, the lining over the chest muscles, and sometimes part of the chest wall muscles). Breast-conserving surgery, an operation to remove the cancer but not the breast itself, is also used for some men with breast cancer. A lumpectomy is done to remove the tumor (lump) and a small amount of normal tissue around it. Radiation therapy is usually given after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing.

• #11 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer […] As in women, treatment options for men with early-stage breast cancer include: […] Surgery with or without radiation therapy (locoregional therapy). Adjuvant therapy (systemic therapy). […] Surgery With or Without Radiation Therapy […] Primary treatment is a mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Responses in men are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. Breast conservation surgery with lumpectomy and radiation therapy has also been used and can be offered if standard criteria for breast conservation therapy are met. Results in men have been similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. […] Adjuvant Therapy […] The optimal systemic treatment in men with breast cancer has not been studied in randomized clinical trials. Adjuvant therapy should be administered according to the same criteria used for women. Adjuvant therapies used to treat early/localized/operable male breast cancer are outlined in Table 2.

• #12 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer […] As in women, treatment options for men with early-stage breast cancer include: […] Surgery with or without radiation therapy (locoregional therapy). Adjuvant therapy (systemic therapy). […] Surgery With or Without Radiation Therapy […] Primary treatment is a mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Responses in men are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. Breast conservation surgery with lumpectomy and radiation therapy has also been used and can be offered if standard criteria for breast conservation therapy are met. Results in men have been similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. […] Adjuvant Therapy […] The optimal systemic treatment in men with breast cancer has not been studied in randomized clinical trials. Adjuvant therapy should be administered according to the same criteria used for women. Adjuvant therapies used to treat early/localized/operable male breast cancer are outlined in Table 2.

• #13 Male breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745

  Male breast cancer treatment usually starts with surgery. Other common treatments include chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation therapy. To create a treatment plan, your health care team looks at your cancer’s stage, your overall health and what you prefer. […] The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. Operations used to treat male breast cancer include: […] A mastectomy involves removing all the breast tissue from one side of your chest. This includes removing the nipple and the skin around it, called the areola. This is the most common type of surgery for male breast cancer. […] A lumpectomy involves removing the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it. The rest of the breast tissue isn’t removed. Sometimes doctors call this breast-conserving surgery. Often, radiation therapy is recommended after lumpectomy.

• #14 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer […] As in women, treatment options for men with early-stage breast cancer include: […] Surgery with or without radiation therapy (locoregional therapy). Adjuvant therapy (systemic therapy). […] Surgery With or Without Radiation Therapy […] Primary treatment is a mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Responses in men are generally similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. Breast conservation surgery with lumpectomy and radiation therapy has also been used and can be offered if standard criteria for breast conservation therapy are met. Results in men have been similar to those seen in women with breast cancer. […] Adjuvant Therapy […] The optimal systemic treatment in men with breast cancer has not been studied in randomized clinical trials. Adjuvant therapy should be administered according to the same criteria used for women. Adjuvant therapies used to treat early/localized/operable male breast cancer are outlined in Table 2.

• #15 Male breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745

  Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you. The machine directs radiation to precise points on your body. […] In male breast cancer, radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that might be left behind. The radiation is often aimed at the chest and armpit. […] Most male breast cancers have cells that rely on hormones to grow, called hormone sensitive. If your cancer is hormone sensitive, hormone therapy might be an option. Hormone therapy can keep cancer from coming back after surgery. If the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, hormone therapy may help slow its growth. […] Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. These medicines are often given through a vein. Some chemotherapy medicines are available in pill form.

• #16 Treatment for breast cancer in men – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men/

  The main treatment for breast cancer is usually surgery. You may also have chemotherapy, radiotherapy, treatment with hormones (hormone therapy), and targeted medicines. […] Surgery is usually the main treatment for breast cancer. […] You may have radiotherapy for breast cancer: after surgery to lower the chance of the cancer coming back, if you have secondary breast cancer. […] You may have chemotherapy for breast cancer: before surgery to help make the cancer smaller, after surgery to lower the chance of the cancer coming back, if you have secondary breast cancer. […] Hormone therapy may be used: before surgery to help make the cancer smaller, after surgery to lower the chance of the cancer coming back, if you have secondary breast cancer. […] Targeted medicines may be used: to lower the chance of the cancer coming back, if you have secondary breast cancer. […] The aim of treatment will be to slow down the spread of the cancer, to help with the symptoms, help you feel better and help you live longer.

• #17 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Surgery to remove the cancer is the first treatment for most men. […] The amount of breast tissue removed depends on the area affected and the size of the cancer. […] Most men do not have much breast tissue, so a mastectomy is the most common surgery for men with breast cancer. […] Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells by affecting their ability to divide and grow. […] You might have chemotherapy: After surgery to reduce the risk of cancer coming back (adjuvant chemotherapy), Before surgery to slow the growth of rapidly growing breast cancer, or to shrink a larger breast cancer (primary or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy). […] If you have secondary breast cancer, chemotherapy aims to slow down and control the growth of the cancer and to relieve symptoms. […] Side effects of chemotherapy include: Increased risk of infections, Hair loss, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue.

• #18 logo–sylvester

  https://umiamihealth.org/en/sylvester-comprehensive-cancer-center/treatments-and-services/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer

  Although most people who get breast cancer are women, men can get it, too. Breast cancer in men is rare less than one percent of all breast cancers occur in men. The most common type of breast cancer in men is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). […] The treatment of male breast cancer is similar to female breast cancer, and we follow the same treatment guidelines. In some instances, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or another treatment before or after surgery. Your doctor will talk to you about all your options. […] Modified Radical Mastectomy is the most common surgery in men, in which the nipple, areola and all of the breast tissue is removed and the underlying muscle is left intact. […] Radiation therapy is often used after a mastectomy for men with large cancers (tumors 5 centimeters or larger) or cancer that has spread to the lymphatic system or blood vessels.

• #19 Radiation Therapy for Male Breast Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-male-breast-cancer

  Radiation therapy is used after a lumpectomy to destroy any remaining cancer cells and to prevent breast cancer from returning. […] Doctors may also recommend radiation therapy after a mastectomy if cancer is found in the lymph nodes small glands that make and store lymphocytes, white blood cells that help fight infection located under the arm. […] NYU Langone doctors use external beam radiation therapy to manage breast cancer in men. During this therapy, a machine called a linear accelerator rotates around you, delivering beams of different strengths that are customized to the size and shape of the tumor. Treatment sessions usually occur once a day, five days a week, and take several weeks to complete. […] After a lumpectomy, radiation therapy is delivered to the entire breast. In addition, the area where the tumor was located may receive an additional dose called a radiation boost.

• #20 Radiation Therapy for Male Breast Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer/treatments/radiation-therapy-for-male-breast-cancer

  After a mastectomy, radiation therapy is delivered to the chest wall, which is the muscle behind the removed breast tissue, and the draining lymph node basins, which are the areas where axillary lymph nodes were removed. […] NYU Langone doctors are able to avoid serious side effects of radiation therapy, such as heart or lung damage, with these highly targeted treatments. Men who have radiation therapy may experience breast swelling and skin irritation similar to a sunburn. Doctors can prescribe topical skin creams to help manage these side effects. They also can recommend our support services and NYU Langone’s integrative health services.

• #21 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Hormone therapy (sometimes called endocrine therapy) is a way to treat cancer by using hormones or drugs or other treatments that affect hormones. Hormone therapy is a form of systemic therapy, meaning it can reach nearly all parts of the body. […] Hormone therapy can be used after surgery (adjuvant therapy) to help lower the risk of cancer coming back, or before surgery (neoadjuvant treatment). It can also be used to treat cancer that has spread, or cancer that has come back after treatment (recurred). […] About 9 of 10 breast cancers in men are hormone receptor-positive, meaning they are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, or both. This makes them more likely to respond to hormone treatments. Hormone therapy does not help people whose tumors are both ER- and PR-negative.

• #22 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing. […] Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is often given to patients with estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor positive breast cancer and to patients with metastatic breast cancer. […] Hormone therapy with an aromatase inhibitor is given to some men who have metastatic breast cancer. […] Surgery for men with breast cancer is usually a modified radical mastectomy, surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. […] Breast-conserving surgery with lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy may be used for some men. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells.

• #23 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is the best studied hormone drug for breast cancer in men and is most often used first. If tamoxifen doesn’t work (or stops working), other hormone drugs may be tried, but this is largely based on how well they work in women with breast cancer. […] Large studies of women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive cancers have shown that taking tamoxifen after surgery for 5 years reduces the chances of the cancer coming back by about half. Taking it for 10 years may help even more. Studies in men with breast cancer have been smaller, but they have also found that taking tamoxifen after surgery for early-stage breast cancer can lower the chance of the cancer coming back and improve survival. […] Tamoxifen can also be used to treat metastatic breast cancer. […] Orchiectomy shrinks most male breast cancers, and it may help make other treatments like tamoxifen more likely to work. […] Although some of these drugs have unique side effects, in general they can cause loss of sexual desire, trouble getting erections, weight gain, hot flashes, and mood swings. Be sure to discuss any such side effects with your cancer care team because there may be ways to treat them.

• #24 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Chemotherapy can affect sperm production, which can lead to temporary or permanent infertility in men. […] Hormone therapies block or stop the effect of oestrogen on breast cancer cells. […] The most common hormone therapy drug used to treat breast cancer in men is tamoxifen. […] Hormone therapy will only be prescribed if your breast cancer is ER-positive. […] Side effects of tamoxifen include: Hot flushes, Problems getting an erection, Other common side effects include: Indigestion, Headaches, Change in mood. […] Targeted therapy is the name given to a group of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer. […] The most widely used targeted therapies are for HER2-positive breast cancer. […] If your cancer is found to be HER2-positive you may be offered drugs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab.

• #25 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is the best studied hormone drug for breast cancer in men and is most often used first. If tamoxifen doesn’t work (or stops working), other hormone drugs may be tried, but this is largely based on how well they work in women with breast cancer. […] Large studies of women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive cancers have shown that taking tamoxifen after surgery for 5 years reduces the chances of the cancer coming back by about half. Taking it for 10 years may help even more. Studies in men with breast cancer have been smaller, but they have also found that taking tamoxifen after surgery for early-stage breast cancer can lower the chance of the cancer coming back and improve survival. […] Tamoxifen can also be used to treat metastatic breast cancer. […] Orchiectomy shrinks most male breast cancers, and it may help make other treatments like tamoxifen more likely to work. […] Although some of these drugs have unique side effects, in general they can cause loss of sexual desire, trouble getting erections, weight gain, hot flashes, and mood swings. Be sure to discuss any such side effects with your cancer care team because there may be ways to treat them.

• #26 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is the best studied hormone drug for breast cancer in men and is most often used first. If tamoxifen doesn’t work (or stops working), other hormone drugs may be tried, but this is largely based on how well they work in women with breast cancer. […] Large studies of women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive cancers have shown that taking tamoxifen after surgery for 5 years reduces the chances of the cancer coming back by about half. Taking it for 10 years may help even more. Studies in men with breast cancer have been smaller, but they have also found that taking tamoxifen after surgery for early-stage breast cancer can lower the chance of the cancer coming back and improve survival. […] Tamoxifen can also be used to treat metastatic breast cancer. […] Orchiectomy shrinks most male breast cancers, and it may help make other treatments like tamoxifen more likely to work. […] Although some of these drugs have unique side effects, in general they can cause loss of sexual desire, trouble getting erections, weight gain, hot flashes, and mood swings. Be sure to discuss any such side effects with your cancer care team because there may be ways to treat them.

• #27 Male Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/male-breast-cancer/

  Treatment for metastatic male breast cancer […] Treatment for early and locally advanced breast cancers includes some combination of: Surgery, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, HER2-targeted therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy, Immunotherapy, PARP inhibitor therapy. […] Breast cancer surgery in men is usually a mastectomy because of the small size of the male breast. Some men may choose to have breast reconstruction. […] For men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, the hormone therapy drug tamoxifen, with or without the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib (Verzenio), is usually the first drug therapy used. Tamoxifen is a pill taken every day for 5-10 years. […] For men who cant take tamoxifen, an aromatase inhibitor combined with androgen deprivation therapy may be used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

• #28 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65980/

  Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells. […] In men who have just been diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor positive or if the hormone receptor status is not known, treatment may include: Tamoxifen therapy, Aromatase inhibitor therapy. […] In men with metastatic breast cancer that is hormone receptor negative, has not responded to hormone therapy, has spread to other organs or has caused symptoms, treatment may include: Chemotherapy with one or more drugs. […] Total mastectomy for men with open or painful breast lesions. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery. […] Radiation therapy to the bones, brain, spinal cord, breast, or chest wall to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

• #29 Hormonal therapy for breast cancer in men explained | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/hormonal-therapy-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogen drug. It stops oestrogen attaching to breast cancer cells and making them grow. This is the most common type of hormonal therapy used for breast cancer in men. […] Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) also reduce oestrogen levels. These drugs reduce oestrogen levels in men by stopping male hormones (androgens) being made into oestrogen. […] Your cancer doctor may prescribe an AI such as anastrozole, letrozole or exemestane. You take AIs daily as a tablet. […] Goserelin blocks these signals and stops the testicles making the hormones. You have goserelin as a slow-release implant. It is injected just under the skin once every 1 to 3 months. […] Hormonal therapy reduces the risk of breast cancer coming back. It is important to take it for as long as you have been prescribed it.

• #30 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for men with locally advanced breast cancer include: […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical excision. Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy. […] The decisions regarding the order and choice of treatments in men are guided by the same principles used for the treatment of breast cancer in women (in particular, evaluation of pathological response). […] Treatment of Metastatic Male Breast Cancer […] Treatment options for men with metastatic breast cancer include: […] Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in conjunction with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. […] The management of metastatic hormone receptor-positive male breast cancer relies on the same treatment options used in women. However, data regarding the activity of AIs with GnRH agonists and fulvestrant in men are limited to case series. The administration of an AI in conjunction with a GnRH agonist is recommended on the basis of the adjuvant data. There are no data comparing the activity of fulvestrant alone with fulvestrant in combination with a GnRH agonist.

• #31 Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32058842/

  Purpose: To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. […] Recommendations: Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.

• #32 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Table 2. Adjuvant Therapy Used to Treat Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer Type of Adjuvant Therapy Agents Used HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; LHRH = luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Chemotherapy Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel Endocrine therapy Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors with LHRH agonist HER2-directed therapy Trastuzumab Pertuzumab […] Tamoxifen […] In men with contraindications for tamoxifen, single-agent AI therapy is not recommended. AIs should be combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. In male breast cancer patients, tamoxifen use is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms such as hot flashes and impotence. […] Treatment of Locally Advanced Male Breast Cancer

• #33 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Table 2. Adjuvant Therapy Used to Treat Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer Type of Adjuvant Therapy Agents Used HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; LHRH = luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Chemotherapy Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel Endocrine therapy Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors with LHRH agonist HER2-directed therapy Trastuzumab Pertuzumab […] Tamoxifen […] In men with contraindications for tamoxifen, single-agent AI therapy is not recommended. AIs should be combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. In male breast cancer patients, tamoxifen use is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms such as hot flashes and impotence. […] Treatment of Locally Advanced Male Breast Cancer

• #34 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is the best studied hormone drug for breast cancer in men and is most often used first. If tamoxifen doesn’t work (or stops working), other hormone drugs may be tried, but this is largely based on how well they work in women with breast cancer. […] Large studies of women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive cancers have shown that taking tamoxifen after surgery for 5 years reduces the chances of the cancer coming back by about half. Taking it for 10 years may help even more. Studies in men with breast cancer have been smaller, but they have also found that taking tamoxifen after surgery for early-stage breast cancer can lower the chance of the cancer coming back and improve survival. […] Tamoxifen can also be used to treat metastatic breast cancer. […] Orchiectomy shrinks most male breast cancers, and it may help make other treatments like tamoxifen more likely to work. […] Although some of these drugs have unique side effects, in general they can cause loss of sexual desire, trouble getting erections, weight gain, hot flashes, and mood swings. Be sure to discuss any such side effects with your cancer care team because there may be ways to treat them.

• #35 Hormonal therapy for breast cancer in men explained | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/hormonal-therapy-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Most people cope well with the side effects of hormonal therapy. […] If the side effects do not improve or are difficult to cope with, talk to your breast cancer nurse or cancer doctor. […] Different hormonal therapy drugs have different side effects. Some of the main side effects include: hot flushes and sweats, weight gain, joint and muscle pain, tiredness, sexual effects, including erection problems. […] Some types of hormonal therapy can slightly increase the risk of developing a blood clot.

• #36 Hormonal therapy for breast cancer in men explained | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatments-and-drugs/hormonal-therapy-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Most people cope well with the side effects of hormonal therapy. […] If the side effects do not improve or are difficult to cope with, talk to your breast cancer nurse or cancer doctor. […] Different hormonal therapy drugs have different side effects. Some of the main side effects include: hot flushes and sweats, weight gain, joint and muscle pain, tiredness, sexual effects, including erection problems. […] Some types of hormonal therapy can slightly increase the risk of developing a blood clot.

• #37 Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/hormone-therapy.html

  Tamoxifen is the best studied hormone drug for breast cancer in men and is most often used first. If tamoxifen doesn’t work (or stops working), other hormone drugs may be tried, but this is largely based on how well they work in women with breast cancer. […] Large studies of women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive cancers have shown that taking tamoxifen after surgery for 5 years reduces the chances of the cancer coming back by about half. Taking it for 10 years may help even more. Studies in men with breast cancer have been smaller, but they have also found that taking tamoxifen after surgery for early-stage breast cancer can lower the chance of the cancer coming back and improve survival. […] Tamoxifen can also be used to treat metastatic breast cancer. […] Orchiectomy shrinks most male breast cancers, and it may help make other treatments like tamoxifen more likely to work. […] Although some of these drugs have unique side effects, in general they can cause loss of sexual desire, trouble getting erections, weight gain, hot flashes, and mood swings. Be sure to discuss any such side effects with your cancer care team because there may be ways to treat them.

• #38 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing. […] Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is often given to patients with estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor positive breast cancer and to patients with metastatic breast cancer. […] Hormone therapy with an aromatase inhibitor is given to some men who have metastatic breast cancer. […] Surgery for men with breast cancer is usually a modified radical mastectomy, surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. […] Breast-conserving surgery with lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy may be used for some men. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells.

• #39 Male breast cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374745

  Radiation therapy uses powerful energy beams to kill cancer cells. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a machine moves around you. The machine directs radiation to precise points on your body. […] In male breast cancer, radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that might be left behind. The radiation is often aimed at the chest and armpit. […] Most male breast cancers have cells that rely on hormones to grow, called hormone sensitive. If your cancer is hormone sensitive, hormone therapy might be an option. Hormone therapy can keep cancer from coming back after surgery. If the cancer spreads to other parts of the body, hormone therapy may help slow its growth. […] Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to kill cancer cells. These medicines are often given through a vein. Some chemotherapy medicines are available in pill form.

• #40 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Surgery to remove the cancer is the first treatment for most men. […] The amount of breast tissue removed depends on the area affected and the size of the cancer. […] Most men do not have much breast tissue, so a mastectomy is the most common surgery for men with breast cancer. […] Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells by affecting their ability to divide and grow. […] You might have chemotherapy: After surgery to reduce the risk of cancer coming back (adjuvant chemotherapy), Before surgery to slow the growth of rapidly growing breast cancer, or to shrink a larger breast cancer (primary or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy). […] If you have secondary breast cancer, chemotherapy aims to slow down and control the growth of the cancer and to relieve symptoms. […] Side effects of chemotherapy include: Increased risk of infections, Hair loss, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue.

• #41 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  Men have breast tissue just like women, but their breasts are less developed. Breast cancer in men is similar to the disease in women, but there are some differences. For the most part, breast cancer in men is treated like breast cancer in women who have reached menopause (when the ovaries stop making estrogen). […] Breast cancer in men is often treated in the same way as breast cancer in post-menopausal women. You may be offered one or more of the following treatments. […] Surgery is the most common treatment for breast cancer in men. Depending on the stage of the tumour, you may have one or both of the following types of surgery. […] Chemotherapy may be used to treat breast cancer in men if it has spread to lymph nodes or if there is a high risk that it will come back. The drugs used are the same as those given to post-menopausal women with breast cancer.

• #42 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Table 2. Adjuvant Therapy Used to Treat Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer Type of Adjuvant Therapy Agents Used HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; LHRH = luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Chemotherapy Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel Endocrine therapy Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors with LHRH agonist HER2-directed therapy Trastuzumab Pertuzumab […] Tamoxifen […] In men with contraindications for tamoxifen, single-agent AI therapy is not recommended. AIs should be combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. In male breast cancer patients, tamoxifen use is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms such as hot flashes and impotence. […] Treatment of Locally Advanced Male Breast Cancer

• #43 Male Breast Cancer

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/male-breast-cancer

  The presence of ERs and PRs– intracellular receptors that selectively bind to estrogen and progesterone–in breast cancer cells has considerable implications for treatment of the disease. The presence or absence of these receptors gives insight into the biological behavior of the cancer and potential responsiveness to hormonal therapy. About 76% of male breast cancers are ER-positive (sensitive) and 83% are PR-positive. […] Several classes of hormonal agents are used in the treatment of male breast cancer. One of the most widely used agents is tamoxifen, which belongs to a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment modality after surgery in male breast cancer. Systemic chemotherapy is used in both early-stage and late-stage breast cancer. In early breast cancer, it is often given as adjuvant therapy postmastectomy to patients with a significant risk of future recurrence. […] Intravenous bisphosphonates are used to reduce the incidence of skeletal events and help alleviate the pain of bone disease. Zoledronic acid and pamidronate are given monthly once bone metastases are identified.

• #44 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Surgery to remove the cancer is the first treatment for most men. […] The amount of breast tissue removed depends on the area affected and the size of the cancer. […] Most men do not have much breast tissue, so a mastectomy is the most common surgery for men with breast cancer. […] Chemotherapy destroys cancer cells by affecting their ability to divide and grow. […] You might have chemotherapy: After surgery to reduce the risk of cancer coming back (adjuvant chemotherapy), Before surgery to slow the growth of rapidly growing breast cancer, or to shrink a larger breast cancer (primary or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy). […] If you have secondary breast cancer, chemotherapy aims to slow down and control the growth of the cancer and to relieve symptoms. […] Side effects of chemotherapy include: Increased risk of infections, Hair loss, Nausea and vomiting, Fatigue.

• #45 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Chemotherapy can affect sperm production, which can lead to temporary or permanent infertility in men. […] Hormone therapies block or stop the effect of oestrogen on breast cancer cells. […] The most common hormone therapy drug used to treat breast cancer in men is tamoxifen. […] Hormone therapy will only be prescribed if your breast cancer is ER-positive. […] Side effects of tamoxifen include: Hot flushes, Problems getting an erection, Other common side effects include: Indigestion, Headaches, Change in mood. […] Targeted therapy is the name given to a group of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer. […] The most widely used targeted therapies are for HER2-positive breast cancer. […] If your cancer is found to be HER2-positive you may be offered drugs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab.

• #46 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65980/

  There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. […] Five types of standard treatment are used to treat men with breast cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy. […] Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Surgery for men with breast cancer is usually a modified radical mastectomy, surgery to remove the whole breast that has cancer. […] Breast-conserving surgery, an operation to remove the cancer but not the breast itself, is also used for some men with breast cancer. […] Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. […] Hormone therapy is a cancer treatment that removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cancer cells from growing.

• #47 Breast Cancer in Men > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer

  This treatment uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. It may be used after surgery, to ensure that any remaining cells are killed or before surgery, to reduce the size of the tumor. Chemotherapy is also used to treat cancers that have spread beyond the breast to other parts of the body. […] This treatment involves directing radiation, such as X-rays, at the tumor. The radiation kills the cancer cells, which stops them from growing and spreading. Radiation therapy is often used after surgery to ensure that any cancer cells that remain are destroyed. […] Hormone receptor-positive breast cancers can be treated with hormone therapy. These mediations aim to deprive hormone receptor-positive cancer cells of the hormones that help them grow. Some of these drugs work by blocking the hormone receptors on cancer cells, which prevents hormones from binding to them. Other hormone therapy drugs work by reducing the production of estrogen and/or progesterone in the body. […] Targeted therapies are designed to target specific proteins found in cancer cells. For instance, certain drugs specifically target the HER2 protein (in HER2-positive cancers) with the aim of slowing or stopping cancer cell growth. Other drugs are available target other proteins in breast cancer.

• #48 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  Chemotherapy can affect sperm production, which can lead to temporary or permanent infertility in men. […] Hormone therapies block or stop the effect of oestrogen on breast cancer cells. […] The most common hormone therapy drug used to treat breast cancer in men is tamoxifen. […] Hormone therapy will only be prescribed if your breast cancer is ER-positive. […] Side effects of tamoxifen include: Hot flushes, Problems getting an erection, Other common side effects include: Indigestion, Headaches, Change in mood. […] Targeted therapy is the name given to a group of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer. […] The most widely used targeted therapies are for HER2-positive breast cancer. […] If your cancer is found to be HER2-positive you may be offered drugs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab.

• #49 Male Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/male-breast-cancer/

  For men with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, chemotherapy is usually the first drug therapy used. […] Men who have HER2-positive breast cancers may be treated with HER2-targeted therapy. For example, treatment may include trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus chemotherapy. […] Some men with triple negative breast cancer may get the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda). […] Some men who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 inherited gene mutation and have HER2-negative breast cancer may get the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza). […] Although the exact treatment for breast cancer varies from person to person, evidence-based guidelines help make sure high-quality care is given.

• #50 Systemic Therapy for Male Breast Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/breast-male/treatment/systemic-therapy

  Chemotherapy drugs work by interrupting the cells growth. In treating breast cancer, doctors often use a combination of two or three drugs at one time. […] Hormonal therapies take advantage of the fact that some cancers need certain hormones, such as estrogen, to grow. […] About nine in ten men with breast cancer have tumors that are estrogen receptor positive (ER positive), which means that the tumors grow in response to estrogen. These men can be treated with tamoxifen, a drug that targets the estrogen receptor and is also common for treatment of female breast cancer. […] Researchers are developing drugs that work by targeting specific molecules involved in breast cancer development. For example, some breast cancer cells overproduce the protein HER2/neu, leading to more-aggressive tumors. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), lapatinib (Tykerb), pertuzumab (Perjeta), and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) are drugs that target and inactivate the HER2/neu protein. They are usually given in combination with other systemic therapies.

• #51 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment and Survival Rate

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/breast-cancer/types/rare-breast-cancer-types/breast-cancer-in-men

  Though lumpectomy or breast-conserving surgery is an option for some, most male breast cancer is treated with mastectomy because of the small amount of tissue in a mans breasts. […] Tamoxifen, a pill, is often the first targeted drug therapy used for men with hormone receptor-positive cancer, though chemotherapy may be given prior to tamoxifen, depending on the stage of the cancer. […] Chemotherapy for breast cancer is usually the first drug therapy used for men with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. […] Men with HER2-positive breast cancers may be treated with HER2 targeted therapies. These include trastuzumab, which is also known as Herceptin, plus chemotherapy. […] After treatment, you should have long-term monitoring with your care team to watch for possible recurrence of cancer.

• #52 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Based on real world data and limited studies, it is reasonable to extrapolate the use of additional treatment options for men. These treatment options include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, used in combination with endocrine therapy. […] The use of chemotherapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in men with metastatic breast cancer is guided by similar treatment principles as in women.

• #53 Systemic Therapy for Male Breast Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/breast-male/treatment/systemic-therapy

  A current focus of breast cancer research is finding other drugs that work by targeting specific molecules involved in breast cancer development, growth, and spread. These drugs include everolimus (Afinitor) and palbociclib (Ibrance), both of which are being evaluated in conjunction with hormonal therapy.

• #54 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Based on real world data and limited studies, it is reasonable to extrapolate the use of additional treatment options for men. These treatment options include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, used in combination with endocrine therapy. […] The use of chemotherapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in men with metastatic breast cancer is guided by similar treatment principles as in women.

• #55 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Male breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. […] The treatment of male breast cancer depends partly on the stage of the disease. […] There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. […] Five types of standard treatment are used to treat men with breast cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy. […] Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include the following: Initial surgery, Adjuvant therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include the following: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Other treatment options.

• #56 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] – Metro Family Physicians Medical Group

  https://metrofamilyphysicians.com/patient-information/health-library?DOCHWID=ncicdr0000062969

  Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include the following: Initial surgery, Adjuvant therapy. […] Therapy given after an operation when cancer cells can no longer be seen is called adjuvant therapy. […] For men with locally recurrent disease (cancer that has come back in a limited area after treatment), treatment options include: Surgery, Radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include the following: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy.

• #57 Treatment of Breast Cancer in Men, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/by-stage.html

  This information is based on AJCC Staging systems prior to 2018 which were primarily based on tumor size and lymph node status. […] Because there have been few clinical trials on treatment of male breast cancer, most doctors base their treatment recommendations on their experience with the disease and on the results of studies of breast cancer in women. With some minor variations, breast cancer in men is treated the same way as breast cancer in women. […] The main treatment for stage I breast cancer is to remove it with surgery. This is usually done by mastectomy, but breast-conserving surgery (BCS) might occasionally be an option. If breast-conserving surgery is done, it is usually followed by radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy, chemotherapy (chemo) and/or targeted therapy may be recommended as adjuvant (after surgery) therapy, based on the tumor size and results of lab tests. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is usually recommended for hormone receptor-positive tumors.

• #58 Treatment of Breast Cancer in Men, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/by-stage.html

  This information is based on AJCC Staging systems prior to 2018 which were primarily based on tumor size and lymph node status. […] Because there have been few clinical trials on treatment of male breast cancer, most doctors base their treatment recommendations on their experience with the disease and on the results of studies of breast cancer in women. With some minor variations, breast cancer in men is treated the same way as breast cancer in women. […] The main treatment for stage I breast cancer is to remove it with surgery. This is usually done by mastectomy, but breast-conserving surgery (BCS) might occasionally be an option. If breast-conserving surgery is done, it is usually followed by radiation therapy. […] Hormone therapy, chemotherapy (chemo) and/or targeted therapy may be recommended as adjuvant (after surgery) therapy, based on the tumor size and results of lab tests. Hormone therapy with tamoxifen is usually recommended for hormone receptor-positive tumors.

• #59 Treatment of Breast Cancer in Men, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/by-stage.html

  Systemic (drug) therapy is often recommended for men with stage II breast cancer. Some systemic therapies are given before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy), and others are given after surgery (adjuvant therapy). […] Radiation therapy may be given after surgery if the tumor is large or if it is found to have spread to several lymph nodes. Radiation therapy lowers the risk of the cancer coming back (recurrence). […] Most often, these cancers are treated with chemo before surgery (neoadjuvant chemo). […] Systemic (drug) therapy is the main treatment for stage IV breast cancer in men. Depending on many factors, this may be hormone therapy, chemo, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or some combination of these treatments. […] Treatment for advanced breast cancer can often shrink or slow the growth of the cancer (sometimes for many years), but after a time it may stop working.

• #60 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Table 2. Adjuvant Therapy Used to Treat Early/Localized/Operable Male Breast Cancer Type of Adjuvant Therapy Agents Used HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; LHRH = luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Chemotherapy Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with or without paclitaxel Endocrine therapy Tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors with LHRH agonist HER2-directed therapy Trastuzumab Pertuzumab […] Tamoxifen […] In men with contraindications for tamoxifen, single-agent AI therapy is not recommended. AIs should be combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues. In male breast cancer patients, tamoxifen use is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms such as hot flashes and impotence. […] Treatment of Locally Advanced Male Breast Cancer

• #61 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for men with locally advanced breast cancer include: […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical excision. Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy. […] The decisions regarding the order and choice of treatments in men are guided by the same principles used for the treatment of breast cancer in women (in particular, evaluation of pathological response). […] Treatment of Metastatic Male Breast Cancer […] Treatment options for men with metastatic breast cancer include: […] Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in conjunction with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. […] The management of metastatic hormone receptor-positive male breast cancer relies on the same treatment options used in women. However, data regarding the activity of AIs with GnRH agonists and fulvestrant in men are limited to case series. The administration of an AI in conjunction with a GnRH agonist is recommended on the basis of the adjuvant data. There are no data comparing the activity of fulvestrant alone with fulvestrant in combination with a GnRH agonist.

• #62 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for men with locally advanced breast cancer include: […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical excision. Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy. […] The decisions regarding the order and choice of treatments in men are guided by the same principles used for the treatment of breast cancer in women (in particular, evaluation of pathological response). […] Treatment of Metastatic Male Breast Cancer […] Treatment options for men with metastatic breast cancer include: […] Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in conjunction with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. […] The management of metastatic hormone receptor-positive male breast cancer relies on the same treatment options used in women. However, data regarding the activity of AIs with GnRH agonists and fulvestrant in men are limited to case series. The administration of an AI in conjunction with a GnRH agonist is recommended on the basis of the adjuvant data. There are no data comparing the activity of fulvestrant alone with fulvestrant in combination with a GnRH agonist.

• #63 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Male breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. […] The treatment of male breast cancer depends partly on the stage of the disease. […] There are different types of treatment for men with breast cancer. […] Five types of standard treatment are used to treat men with breast cancer: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Hormone therapy, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy. […] Treatment for male breast cancer may cause side effects. […] Treatment of early, localized, or operable breast cancer may include the following: Initial surgery, Adjuvant therapy. […] Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body) may include the following: Hormone therapy, Targeted therapy, Chemotherapy, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Other treatment options.

• #64 Treatment of Breast Cancer in Men, by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/treating/by-stage.html

  Systemic (drug) therapy is often recommended for men with stage II breast cancer. Some systemic therapies are given before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy), and others are given after surgery (adjuvant therapy). […] Radiation therapy may be given after surgery if the tumor is large or if it is found to have spread to several lymph nodes. Radiation therapy lowers the risk of the cancer coming back (recurrence). […] Most often, these cancers are treated with chemo before surgery (neoadjuvant chemo). […] Systemic (drug) therapy is the main treatment for stage IV breast cancer in men. Depending on many factors, this may be hormone therapy, chemo, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or some combination of these treatments. […] Treatment for advanced breast cancer can often shrink or slow the growth of the cancer (sometimes for many years), but after a time it may stop working.

• #65 Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32058842/

  Purpose: To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. […] Recommendations: Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.

• #66 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Treatment options for men with locally advanced breast cancer include: […] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Surgical excision. Radiation therapy and endocrine therapy. […] The decisions regarding the order and choice of treatments in men are guided by the same principles used for the treatment of breast cancer in women (in particular, evaluation of pathological response). […] Treatment of Metastatic Male Breast Cancer […] Treatment options for men with metastatic breast cancer include: […] Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in conjunction with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. […] The management of metastatic hormone receptor-positive male breast cancer relies on the same treatment options used in women. However, data regarding the activity of AIs with GnRH agonists and fulvestrant in men are limited to case series. The administration of an AI in conjunction with a GnRH agonist is recommended on the basis of the adjuvant data. There are no data comparing the activity of fulvestrant alone with fulvestrant in combination with a GnRH agonist.

• #67 Male Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Based on real world data and limited studies, it is reasonable to extrapolate the use of additional treatment options for men. These treatment options include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, used in combination with endocrine therapy. […] The use of chemotherapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in men with metastatic breast cancer is guided by similar treatment principles as in women.

• #68 Treatments of Interest in Male Breast Cancer: An Umbrella Review

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/15/2/66

  Treatments of Interest in Male Breast Cancer: An Umbrella Review […] Background: Male breast cancer (MaBC) is a rare disease and due to its rarity and the lack of specific protocols for its management, treatment algorithms are extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC). […] We evaluated relevant treatments in the management of MaBC, including surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments. […] Breast-conserving surgery is a reasonable treatment approach and, in selected cases, equivalent in terms of safety and survival outcomes compared to mastectomy. […] Adjuvant radiotherapy improves overall survival in MaBC patients following partial mastectomy and after radical mastectomy, in case of involved nodes. […] Finally, Tamoxifen is associated with an improvement of survival outcomes; aromatase inhibitor and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone should be used only in case of contraindications to tamoxifen.

• #69 Male Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/male-breast-cancer/

  For men with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, chemotherapy is usually the first drug therapy used. […] Men who have HER2-positive breast cancers may be treated with HER2-targeted therapy. For example, treatment may include trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus chemotherapy. […] Some men with triple negative breast cancer may get the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda). […] Some men who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 inherited gene mutation and have HER2-negative breast cancer may get the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza). […] Although the exact treatment for breast cancer varies from person to person, evidence-based guidelines help make sure high-quality care is given.

• #70 Male Breast Cancer Treatment

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/treatment/by-diagnosis/male-breast-cancer/

  For men with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, chemotherapy is usually the first drug therapy used. […] Men who have HER2-positive breast cancers may be treated with HER2-targeted therapy. For example, treatment may include trastuzumab (Herceptin) plus chemotherapy. […] Some men with triple negative breast cancer may get the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda). […] Some men who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 inherited gene mutation and have HER2-negative breast cancer may get the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza). […] Although the exact treatment for breast cancer varies from person to person, evidence-based guidelines help make sure high-quality care is given.

• #71 Male Breast Cancer

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/male-breast-cancer

  The presence of ERs and PRs– intracellular receptors that selectively bind to estrogen and progesterone–in breast cancer cells has considerable implications for treatment of the disease. The presence or absence of these receptors gives insight into the biological behavior of the cancer and potential responsiveness to hormonal therapy. About 76% of male breast cancers are ER-positive (sensitive) and 83% are PR-positive. […] Several classes of hormonal agents are used in the treatment of male breast cancer. One of the most widely used agents is tamoxifen, which belongs to a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment modality after surgery in male breast cancer. Systemic chemotherapy is used in both early-stage and late-stage breast cancer. In early breast cancer, it is often given as adjuvant therapy postmastectomy to patients with a significant risk of future recurrence. […] Intravenous bisphosphonates are used to reduce the incidence of skeletal events and help alleviate the pain of bone disease. Zoledronic acid and pamidronate are given monthly once bone metastases are identified.

• #72 Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32058842/

  Purpose: To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer. […] Recommendations: Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.

• #73 Breast Cancer in Men: Overview of Male Breast Cancer, Etiology, Diagnosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview

  Treatment of male breast cancer comprises surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a draft guidance encouraging the inclusion of male patients in breast cancer clinical trials, noting that many treatments are approved for women only and further data may be necessary to support approval for use in men. […] The general principles of surgical management of male breast cancer are similar to those of breast cancer in women. Simple mastectomy remains the usual choice for T1 and T2 breast tumors. Nipple- and skin-sparing mastectomy are common in women, but generally not practiced in male breast cancer. […] Retrospective studies indicate that breast-conserving surgery can be performed in carefully selected patients, with outcomes equivalent to mastectomy. For T1 and T2 breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery may be the preferred approach, as it offers similar rates of 5-year overall survival and local recurrence, and lower rates of postoperative complications, compared with mastectomy.

• #74 Men With Breast Cancer Need More Treatment Options and Access to Genetic Counseling | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/men-breast-cancer-need-more-treatment-options-and-access-genetic-counseling

  Because male breast cancer is rare, there is very limited information on how to treat men diagnosed with the disease. […] The FDA finalized a guidance, Male Breast Cancer: Developing Drugs for Treatment, to help facilitate drug development for men with breast cancer. The guidance recommends the inclusion of men in clinical trials of breast cancer drugs unless there is a scientific reason for their exclusion. […] Treatment options for men are similar to womens: mastectomy, which is surgery to remove the breast, or in some cases lumpectomy, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and hormone therapy. Hormone drug treatments include aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen, which lower estrogen levels in the bloodstream or prevent estrogen in the bloodstream from interacting with estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells.

• #75 Shining a Spotlight on Expanding Treatment Options for Male Breast Cancer  – Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/blog/spotlight-on-ethan-clinical-trial/

  Breast cancer is often thought of as a disease that primarily affects women, but men also have a small amount of breast tissue, which means they can get breast cancer too. […] With these numbers, new research is emerging, aiming to expand treatment options for male breast cancer. […] Komen grantee Jose Pablo Leone, M.D., believes this is because most of these men receive a mastectomy and tamoxifen a hormone therapy that has remained the standard of care for male breast cancer for three decades. […] While treatments for women have since expanded beyond tamoxifen, similar advancements have not been made for men. […] The ETHAN study will evaluate additional hormone treatments that have worked well in women with breast cancer to see if they can also provide more improved treatment options for men and with better outcomes.

• #76 Shining a Spotlight on Expanding Treatment Options for Male Breast Cancer  – Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/blog/spotlight-on-ethan-clinical-trial/

  The main reason for doing the ETHAN trial is because we need to understand whether other treatment options are effective in men or not, Dr. Leone says. […] The ETHAN clinical trial is a multicenter, phase 2 randomized study for men with stage 1-3 ER+, HER2- breast cancer. […] Hopefully, with the results of ETHAN, we can find out whether tamoxifen should remain the standard of care or whether one of the other options is better, and also, what would be the best combination for endocrine therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors in men, Dr. Leone says. […] One of the greatest potential benefits of the ETHAN study is giving men with breast cancer the opportunity to avoid side effects that come from tamoxifen, including blood clots, erectile dysfunction and muscular fatigue. […] If the other treatments show similar efficacy on the ETHAN trial, they will at least provide additional options to the one that is already in practice, Dr. Leone says.

• #77 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  People with breast cancer have a higher risk of blood clots such as a DVT (deep vein thrombosis). […] At the end of your hospital-based treatment, you will continue to be monitored. This is called follow-up. […] Some men may be advised to have regular mammograms, which are a type of x-ray that can look for breast changes.

• #78 Treatment for Genetic Mutations in HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/how-treatment-works

  Targeted Therapy. Some men have an excess of a protein (HER2) that makes cancer spread quickly. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is one of the drugs that has been approved to treat breast cancer that has spread to other areas of the body. […] Remember, like anyone who has breast cancer or who has recovered from it, you’ll need checkups with your doctor for the rest of your life. Getting regular medical care is key to staying healthy.

• #79 Treatment for breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/treatment/treatment-for-breast-cancer-in-men

  People with breast cancer have a higher risk of blood clots such as a DVT (deep vein thrombosis). […] At the end of your hospital-based treatment, you will continue to be monitored. This is called follow-up. […] Some men may be advised to have regular mammograms, which are a type of x-ray that can look for breast changes.

• #80 Men With Breast Cancer Need More Treatment Options and Access to Genetic Counseling | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/men-breast-cancer-need-more-treatment-options-and-access-genetic-counseling

  For men with larger tumors or tumors that have spread outside of the breast, chemotherapy is often recommended in addition to hormone treatment, just as it is for women. And men whose tumors are HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive or have certain changes (mutations) in them are recommended to receive treatment with drugs that work against those targets, just as women are. […] All men with breast cancer should be referred for genetic counseling, Prowell advises.

• #81 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  Most breast cancers in men are hormone receptor positive tumours, which means that they may respond to hormonal therapy. It is used to lower the risk that the cancer will come back or to treat advanced or recurrent breast cancer. […] A man who has HER2-positive breast cancer may be given trastuzumab (Herceptin) in combination with chemotherapy. […] External beam radiation therapy may be used as adjuvant therapy after surgery to treat breast cancer in men. It may be given after mastectomy if the cancer has spread to the muscles in the chest or to a large number of lymph nodes. […] Follow-up after treatment is an important part of cancer care. You will need to have regular follow-up visits, especially in the first 5 years after treatment has finished. These visits allow your healthcare team to monitor your progress and recovery from treatment.

Zobacz więcej