Rak piersi u mężczyzn
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rak piersi u mężczyzn (MBC) stanowi około 1% wszystkich nowotworów złośliwych u mężczyzn oraz 1% przypadków raka piersi. Prognozuje się, że w 2025 roku w USA zostanie zdiagnozowanych około 2800 przypadków inwazyjnego raka piersi u mężczyzn. Większość nowotworów jest hormonozależna, z dominującą rolą receptorów estrogenowych (ER) w proliferacji komórek nowotworowych. Pięcioletni i dziesięcioletni wskaźnik przeżycia względnego wynosi odpowiednio 84% i 72%, jednak mężczyźni mają gorsze przeżycie całkowite (5-letnie 77,6% vs 86,4% u kobiet). Kluczowe czynniki prognostyczne obejmują wiek (HR 1,89), stan węzłów chłonnych (5-letnie przeżycie 90% bez przerzutów vs 65% z przerzutami), stopień złośliwości histologicznej (G1: 76%, G3: 43%), status receptorów ER (HR 2,481), PR (HR 2,294), HER2 (HR 2,68), zaawansowanie kliniczne (HR 1,41), leczenie operacyjne (HR 0,38) i chemioterapię (HR 0,62). Podtypy molekularne mają istotny wpływ na rokowanie, z najgorszym przeżyciem dla potrójnie negatywnego (TN) (5-letnie CSS 43,2%, HR 10,676). Mężczyźni częściej diagnozowani są w zaawansowanym stadium (III/IV), co przekłada się na gorsze wyniki leczenia i wyższe ryzyko zgonu w porównaniu do kobiet.

  1. Wprowadzenie do raka piersi u mężczyzn
  2. Czynniki prognostyczne w raku piersi u mężczyzn
    1. Niezależne czynniki prognostyczne
    2. Podtypy molekularne a rokowanie
  3. Porównanie rokowania u mężczyzn i kobiet
  4. Modele prognostyczne dla raka piersi u mężczyzn
    1. Nomogramy jako narzędzia prognostyczne
    2. Adaptacja modeli prognostycznych z żeńskiego raka piersi
  5. Specyfika wiązania receptorów hormonalnych
  6. Ryzyko rozwoju innych nowotworów
  7. Podsumowanie i wnioski
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Wprowadzenie do raka piersi u mężczyzn

Rak piersi u mężczyzn (MBC – Male Breast Cancer) jest rzadką chorobą, stanowiącą zaledwie 1% wszystkich nowotworów złośliwych u mężczyzn oraz około 1% wszystkich przypadków raka piersi. Według prognoz, w 2025 roku w Stanach Zjednoczonych zostanie zdiagnozowanych około 2800 mężczyzn z inwazyjnym rakiem piersi1. Podobnie jak w przypadku kobiet, większość nowotworów piersi u mężczyzn jest hormonozależna, gdzie działanie genomiczne receptora estrogenowego (ER) dyktuje programy transkrypcyjne napędzające proliferację komórek nowotworowych23.

Czynniki prognostyczne w raku piersi u mężczyzn

Rokowanie w raku piersi u mężczyzn zależy od wielu czynników. Badania wykazały, że 5-letni i 10-letni wskaźnik przeżycia względnego dla mężczyzn z rakiem piersi wynosi odpowiednio 84% i 72%4. Jednakże mężczyźni mają gorsze ogólne przeżycie w porównaniu do kobiet z rakiem piersi, przy podobnym przeżyciu specyficznym dla choroby5. W badaniu opublikowanym w JAMA Oncology, 5-letnie przeżycie całkowite po diagnozie raka piersi wynosiło 77,6% dla mężczyzn, w porównaniu do 86,4% dla kobiet6.

Niezależne czynniki prognostyczne

Liczne badania zidentyfikowały kluczowe czynniki prognostyczne dla rokowania w raku piersi u mężczyzn. Do najważniejszych z nich należą:

  • Wiek w momencie diagnozy (HR 1,89, 95% CI 1,50-2,38)7
  • Stan węzłów chłonnych – pacjenci z węzłami chłonnymi bez przerzutów mają 5-letni wskaźnik przeżycia wynoszący 90%, w porównaniu do 65% dla pacjentów z zajętymi węzłami8
  • Stopień złośliwości histologicznej – pacjenci z guzami G1 mają 5-letnie przeżycie na poziomie 76%, które spada do 65% dla G2 i 43% dla G39
  • Status receptora estrogenowego (ER) – negatywny status ER zwiększa ryzyko zgonu o 2,481 razy (HR 2,481, 95% CI 1,159-5,319)10
  • Status receptora progesteronowego (PR) – negatywny status PR zwiększa ryzyko zgonu o 2,294 razy (HR 2,294, 95% CI 1,256-4,184)11
  • Status HER2 (HR 2,68, 95% CI 1,20-5,98)12
  • Stan zaawansowania klinicznego (HR 1,41, 95% CI 1,15-1,74)13
  • Leczenie operacyjne (HR 0,38, 95% CI 0,29-0,51)14
  • Chemioterapia (HR 0,62, 95% CI 0,50-0,75)15
  • Stan cywilny (HR 0,75, 95% CI 0,63-0,89)16
  • Rasa – pacjenci rasy czarnej mają gorsze rokowanie (HR 2,322, 95% CI 1,442-3,74)1718
  • Lokalizacja guza – istotny niezależny czynnik prognostyczny19

Podtypy molekularne a rokowanie

Podtypy molekularne raka piersi u mężczyzn mają istotny wpływ na rokowanie. Badania wykazały znaczące różnice w 5-letnim przeżyciu całkowitym i przeżyciu specyficznym dla choroby (CSS) wśród różnych podtypów molekularnych. 5-letnie CSS dla poszczególnych podtypów wynosi20:

  • 89,2% dla HER2-/HR+
  • 78,4% dla HER2+/HR+
  • 72,6% dla HER2+/HR-
  • 43,2% dla potrójnie negatywnego (TN)

Podtyp potrójnie negatywny (TN) jest związany z 10,676-krotnie wyższym ryzykiem zgonu (HR 10,676, 95% CI 4,441-25,665) w porównaniu do innych podtypów21.

Porównanie rokowania u mężczyzn i kobiet

Badania wskazują, że mężczyźni z rakiem piersi mają gorsze rokowanie niż kobiety. Ponad 40% mężczyzn z rakiem piersi zgłasza się w stadium 3/4 choroby, co przekłada się na gorsze ogólne przeżycie22. W badaniu opublikowanym w JAMA Oncology wykazano, że nawet po uwzględnieniu wszystkich czynników klinicznych, mężczyźni nadal mieli o 19% wyższe ryzyko zgonu niż kobiety w ciągu 5 lat od diagnozy23.

Wyższy odsetek mężczyzn niż kobiet w badaniu miał raka piersi w IV stadium w momencie diagnozy (5,8% vs 3,8%)24. Pomimo ogólnie bardziej agresywnego przebiegu choroby, pacjenci płci męskiej częściej byli niedoleczeni w porównaniu do kobiet25. Charakterystyka kliniczna i niedoleczenie wyjaśniały tylko około dwie trzecie różnicy w śmiertelności26.

Istnieją również różnice w niezależnych czynnikach prognostycznych między mężczyznami a kobietami z rakiem piersi. PR i HER2 były niezależnymi czynnikami prognostycznymi dla kobiet, ale nie dla mężczyzn27. Z kolei receptor androgenowy (AR) i progesteronowy (PR) są korzystnymi markerami prognostycznymi w raku piersi u kobiet28.

Modele prognostyczne dla raka piersi u mężczyzn

Nomogramy jako narzędzia prognostyczne

W ostatnich latach opracowano kilka modeli prognostycznych specyficznych dla raka piersi u mężczyzn. Jednym z nich jest nomogram, który łączy cechy prognostyczne raka piersi u mężczyzn i przewiduje przeżycie całkowite (OS)2930.

Model opracowany przez badaczy z Chin, wykorzystując dane z rejestru SEER, uwzględnia 7 zmiennych: wiek, status operacji, stan cywilny, stadium guza, stadium kliniczne, chemioterapię i status HER231. Nomogram ten wykazał dobrą dokładność i wiarygodność zarówno w walidacji wewnętrznej, jak i zewnętrznej32.

Inny nomogram, opracowany przez badaczy z wykorzystaniem analizy konkurujących ryzyk, pokazał dobrą dokładność w przewidywaniu rokowania u pacjentów z nieprzerzutowym rakiem piersi u mężczyzn33. Według tego modelu, rasa czarna, negatywny status PR, zaawansowane stadium T/N/grade i brak operacji były niezależnie związane ze zgonami spowodowanymi rakiem piersi (BCSD). Z kolei podeszły wiek, brak związku małżeńskiego, zaawansowane stadium AJCC i brak chemioterapii skutkowały większym prawdopodobieństwem zgonu z innych przyczyn (OCSD)34.

Nomogram skonstruowany w badaniu z udziałem 1224 pacjentów z rakiem piersi u mężczyzn wykazał, że status receptora estrogenowego (ER) stanowił zdecydowaną większość proporcji w porównaniu z innymi cechami klinicznymi35. Model ten przewyższał system klasyfikacji AJCC, co wykazano w analizie krzywej decyzyjnej (DCA)3637.

Adaptacja modeli prognostycznych z żeńskiego raka piersi

Interesującym odkryciem jest to, że modele prognostyczne pierwotnie opracowane dla raka piersi u kobiet również dobrze sprawdzają się w przypadku mężczyzn. Modele takie jak3839:

  • Multivariate Prognostic Index (MPI) – oparty na indeksie mitotycznym, wielkości guza i statusie węzłów chłonnych
  • Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) – uwzględniający stopień złośliwości, wielkość guza i status węzłów chłonnych
  • Adjuvant! – kompleksowy model uwzględniający wiele czynników klinicznych
  • Predict – narzędzie online do przewidywania rokowania i korzyści z terapii

Wszystkie te modele wykazały dobrą zdolność do dyskryminacji między pacjentami z dobrym, umiarkowanym i złym rokowaniem40. To potwierdza, że modele pierwotnie opracowane i walidowane dla pacjentek z rakiem piersi sprawdzają się również dość dobrze w przypadku mężczyzn41.

Specyfika wiązania receptorów hormonalnych

Analiza genomowego działania receptorów hormonalnych ujawniła specyficzne dla płci i lokalizacji genomowej działanie receptorów hormonalnych, które są powiązane z przeżyciem u pacjentów z rakiem piersi u mężczyzn42. Badania wykazały, że chociaż większość miejsc wiązania ER jest wspólna dla nowotworów piersi u mężczyzn i kobiet, miejsca ER związane z rokowaniem pacjentów są specyficzne dla płci43.

Znacząca proporcja miejsc wiązania ER pokrywa się z miejscami AR i GR, co potwierdzono w danych linii komórkowych i nowotworów piersi u mężczyzn44. Globalna selektywność wiązania chromatyny ER i FOXA1 ujawnia specyficzne dla płci cechy prognostyczne, które skutecznie klasyfikują pacjentów z rakiem piersi u mężczyzn pod względem przeżycia45.

Ryzyko rozwoju innych nowotworów

Mężczyźni, którzy przeżyli raka piersi, mają podwyższone ryzyko rozwoju innych nowotworów. Wieloośrodkowe badanie międzynarodowe, które połączyło dane z 13 rejestrów nowotworów, wykazało, że 12,5% z 3409 ocalałych z MBC zachorowało później na inny (nie piersi) nowotwór46. Ryzyko nowych pierwotnych nowotworów było podwyższone w jelicie cienkim, odbytnicy, trzustce, skórze (niemelanocytowe), prostacie oraz układzie limfatycznym/krwi47.

Podsumowanie i wnioski

Rak piersi u mężczyzn, mimo że jest rzadkim schorzeniem, charakteryzuje się zróżnicowanym rokowaniem w zależności od wielu czynników. Mężczyźni generalnie mają gorsze rokowanie niż kobiety, co częściowo wynika z późniejszej diagnozy i częstszego niedoleczenia. Czynniki takie jak wiek, status receptorów hormonalnych, stopień zaawansowania choroby, podtyp molekularny oraz zastosowane leczenie mają kluczowe znaczenie dla rokowania.

Opracowane nomogramy i modele prognostyczne pozwalają na dokładniejsze przewidywanie przeżycia pacjentów z rakiem piersi u mężczyzn, co może pomóc w podejmowaniu decyzji klinicznych dotyczących leczenia uzupełniającego i informowaniu pacjentów. Co ciekawe, modele prognostyczne pierwotnie opracowane dla kobiet również dobrze sprawdzają się w przypadku mężczyzn.

Dalsze badania są niezbędne, aby lepiej zrozumieć biologię raka piersi u mężczyzn, co może prowadzić do opracowania bardziej skutecznych strategii leczenia dostosowanych do specyficznych potrzeb pacjentów płci męskiej48.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Breast Cancer Facts & Stats 2024 – Incidence, Age, Survival, & More
    https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts/
    In 2025, an estimated 2,800 men will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the United States. […] Black men with breast cancer tend to have a worse prognosis, or outlook, than white men with breast cancer.
  • #2 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and poorly characterized. Like the female counterpart, most MBCs are hormonally driven, but relapse after hormonal treatment is also noted. […] Here we report the characterization of human breast tumors of both genders for cistromic make-up of hormonal regulation in human tumors, revealing genome-wide chromatin binding landscapes of ER, AR, PR, GR, FOXA1, and GATA3 and enhancer-enriched histone mark H3K4me1. We integrate these data with transcriptomics to reveal gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor actions, which associate with survival in MBC patients. […] The majority of male (and female) breast cancers are hormonally driven, where ER genomic action dictates transcriptional programs that drive tumor cell proliferation. […] Even though the genomic action of ER in MBC remains completely elusive, multiple reports have studied ER genomics in the female disease.
  • #3 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #4 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 84 and 72 percent, respectively (Howlader et al., 2016). […] More than 40% of men with breast cancer present with stage 3/4 disease and therefore men have a worse overall survival but similar disease specific survival compared to women (Giordano, 2005). […] When MBC is diagnosed early, preferable when only DCIS is present, the tumors are mostly low to intermediate grade and the occurrence of distant metastasis is very unlikely (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic factors that have been evaluated include the size of the lesion, mitotic index, tumor grade, lymph node status and molecular type, all of which correlate well with prognosis (Giordano et al., 2004; Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Kornegoor et al., 2012a). […] Based on numbers from 2009, node negative MBC have a five-year survival rate of 90%, compared with 65% five-year survival rate for node positive MBC (Fentiman, 2009).
  • #5 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 84 and 72 percent, respectively (Howlader et al., 2016). […] More than 40% of men with breast cancer present with stage 3/4 disease and therefore men have a worse overall survival but similar disease specific survival compared to women (Giordano, 2005). […] When MBC is diagnosed early, preferable when only DCIS is present, the tumors are mostly low to intermediate grade and the occurrence of distant metastasis is very unlikely (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic factors that have been evaluated include the size of the lesion, mitotic index, tumor grade, lymph node status and molecular type, all of which correlate well with prognosis (Giordano et al., 2004; Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Kornegoor et al., 2012a). […] Based on numbers from 2009, node negative MBC have a five-year survival rate of 90%, compared with 65% five-year survival rate for node positive MBC (Fentiman, 2009).
  • #6 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    Men may be more likely than women to die after being diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly during the first 5 years after diagnosis, a new study suggests. […] In the study, the 5-year overall survival rate after a diagnosis of breast cancer was 77.6% for men, compared with 86.4% for women, researchers reported in JAMA Oncology on September 19. […] However, after all those factors were accounted for, male patients still had 19% higher chance of dying than female patients within 5 years of diagnosis. […] The results of this retrospective study suggest that men with breast cancer deserve dedicated studies that will help us to better understand the biology of the disease in males, Dr. Zimmer said. […] In the study, men had higher death rates than women across all stages of breast cancer, even after the researchers adjusted for differences in patients clinical characteristics, such as the type and stage of disease, treatments received, age, race/ethnicity, and access to care.
  • #7 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #8 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 84 and 72 percent, respectively (Howlader et al., 2016). […] More than 40% of men with breast cancer present with stage 3/4 disease and therefore men have a worse overall survival but similar disease specific survival compared to women (Giordano, 2005). […] When MBC is diagnosed early, preferable when only DCIS is present, the tumors are mostly low to intermediate grade and the occurrence of distant metastasis is very unlikely (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic factors that have been evaluated include the size of the lesion, mitotic index, tumor grade, lymph node status and molecular type, all of which correlate well with prognosis (Giordano et al., 2004; Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Kornegoor et al., 2012a). […] Based on numbers from 2009, node negative MBC have a five-year survival rate of 90%, compared with 65% five-year survival rate for node positive MBC (Fentiman, 2009).
  • #9 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    Also, grade 1 patients have a five-year survival of 76%, dropping to 65% for those with grade 2 tumours and 43% for grade 3 MBC (Fentiman, 2009). […] In more recent studies, ER negativity (Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Abreu et al., 2016), fibrotic focus 8 mm, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 overexpression and nuclear area (Kornegoor et al., 2012a; Veta et al., 2012) appear to be prognostic factors in MBC too. […] There is no or little evidence of a correlation between HER2, Ki67, PR or lymphovascular invasion and prognosis (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic models that have been developed for FBC like the Multivariate Prognostic Index (consisting of mitotic index, tumour size and lymph node status), Nottingham Prognostic Index (consisting of grade, tumour size and lymph node status), Adjuvant! and Predict seem to perform quite well for MBC patients too (van der Pol et al., 2016).
  • #10 Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study – Wang – Translational Breast Cancer Research
    https://tbcr.amegroups.org/article/view/69417/html
    Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study […] Patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and cause-specific survival (CSS). Five-year CSS (5y-CSS) rates of different molecular subtypes was 89.2% (HER2/HR+), 78.4% (HER2+/HR+), 72.6% (HER2+/HR) and 43.2% (TN), respectively. […] According to Cox regression, age 65 years [P=0.001, hazard ratio (HR) =2.136 (1.372, 3.324)], ER negative [P=0.02, HR =2.481 (1.159, 5.319)], PR negative [P=0.007, HR =2.294 (1.256, 4.184)], TN subtype [P0.001, HR =10.676 (4.441, 25.665)], AJCC stage IV [P0.001, HR =21.222 (10.377, 43.4)], tumor size 5 cm or T4 [P0.001, HR =2.577 (0.978, 6.792)], Stage M1 [P=0.001, HR =4.519 (1.929, 10.587)] and Black race [P=0.002, HR =2.322 (1.442, 3.74)] were independent prognostic factors for poorer CSS. […] Male breast cancer appears to be diverse in prognosis by molecular subtypes as female breast cancer. It could be a predictor for prognosis and assistant male breast cancer treatment.
  • #11 Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study – Wang – Translational Breast Cancer Research
    https://tbcr.amegroups.org/article/view/69417/html
    Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study […] Patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and cause-specific survival (CSS). Five-year CSS (5y-CSS) rates of different molecular subtypes was 89.2% (HER2/HR+), 78.4% (HER2+/HR+), 72.6% (HER2+/HR) and 43.2% (TN), respectively. […] According to Cox regression, age 65 years [P=0.001, hazard ratio (HR) =2.136 (1.372, 3.324)], ER negative [P=0.02, HR =2.481 (1.159, 5.319)], PR negative [P=0.007, HR =2.294 (1.256, 4.184)], TN subtype [P0.001, HR =10.676 (4.441, 25.665)], AJCC stage IV [P0.001, HR =21.222 (10.377, 43.4)], tumor size 5 cm or T4 [P0.001, HR =2.577 (0.978, 6.792)], Stage M1 [P=0.001, HR =4.519 (1.929, 10.587)] and Black race [P=0.002, HR =2.322 (1.442, 3.74)] were independent prognostic factors for poorer CSS. […] Male breast cancer appears to be diverse in prognosis by molecular subtypes as female breast cancer. It could be a predictor for prognosis and assistant male breast cancer treatment.
  • #12 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #13 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #14 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #15 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #16 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #17 Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study – Wang – Translational Breast Cancer Research
    https://tbcr.amegroups.org/article/view/69417/html
    Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study […] Patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and cause-specific survival (CSS). Five-year CSS (5y-CSS) rates of different molecular subtypes was 89.2% (HER2/HR+), 78.4% (HER2+/HR+), 72.6% (HER2+/HR) and 43.2% (TN), respectively. […] According to Cox regression, age 65 years [P=0.001, hazard ratio (HR) =2.136 (1.372, 3.324)], ER negative [P=0.02, HR =2.481 (1.159, 5.319)], PR negative [P=0.007, HR =2.294 (1.256, 4.184)], TN subtype [P0.001, HR =10.676 (4.441, 25.665)], AJCC stage IV [P0.001, HR =21.222 (10.377, 43.4)], tumor size 5 cm or T4 [P0.001, HR =2.577 (0.978, 6.792)], Stage M1 [P=0.001, HR =4.519 (1.929, 10.587)] and Black race [P=0.002, HR =2.322 (1.442, 3.74)] were independent prognostic factors for poorer CSS. […] Male breast cancer appears to be diverse in prognosis by molecular subtypes as female breast cancer. It could be a predictor for prognosis and assistant male breast cancer treatment.
  • #18 Breast Cancer Facts & Stats 2024 – Incidence, Age, Survival, & More
    https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-cancer-facts/
    In 2025, an estimated 2,800 men will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the United States. […] Black men with breast cancer tend to have a worse prognosis, or outlook, than white men with breast cancer.
  • #19 Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis for male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-04342-0
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Due to limited information, MBC has always been understudied. […] FBC patients were associated with superior overall survival than MBC patients. […] MBC patients had similar risk factors to FBC patients, but PR and HER-2 status did not independently influence survival. […] MBC patients have a worse prognosis than FBC patients. […] There were differences in independent prognostic factors between MBC and FBC patients: PR and HER-2 were independent prognostic factors for FBC but not MBC patients. […] Tumor location was an independent prognostic factor for both MBC and FBC patients. […] The KaplanMeier method showed that the MBC patients had a worse overall survival (OS) than FBC patients. […] The poor prognosis of tumors with the internal location may be associated with internal mammary nodes (IMN), which were not conventionally treated. […] Our retrospective study showed that MBC has a worse overall prognosis than FBC and the independent prognostic factors between MBC and FBC were not entirely the same.
  • #20 Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study – Wang – Translational Breast Cancer Research
    https://tbcr.amegroups.org/article/view/69417/html
    Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study […] Patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and cause-specific survival (CSS). Five-year CSS (5y-CSS) rates of different molecular subtypes was 89.2% (HER2/HR+), 78.4% (HER2+/HR+), 72.6% (HER2+/HR) and 43.2% (TN), respectively. […] According to Cox regression, age 65 years [P=0.001, hazard ratio (HR) =2.136 (1.372, 3.324)], ER negative [P=0.02, HR =2.481 (1.159, 5.319)], PR negative [P=0.007, HR =2.294 (1.256, 4.184)], TN subtype [P0.001, HR =10.676 (4.441, 25.665)], AJCC stage IV [P0.001, HR =21.222 (10.377, 43.4)], tumor size 5 cm or T4 [P0.001, HR =2.577 (0.978, 6.792)], Stage M1 [P=0.001, HR =4.519 (1.929, 10.587)] and Black race [P=0.002, HR =2.322 (1.442, 3.74)] were independent prognostic factors for poorer CSS. […] Male breast cancer appears to be diverse in prognosis by molecular subtypes as female breast cancer. It could be a predictor for prognosis and assistant male breast cancer treatment.
  • #21 Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study – Wang – Translational Breast Cancer Research
    https://tbcr.amegroups.org/article/view/69417/html
    Molecular subtypes predict the prognosis of male breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study […] Patients of different molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and cause-specific survival (CSS). Five-year CSS (5y-CSS) rates of different molecular subtypes was 89.2% (HER2/HR+), 78.4% (HER2+/HR+), 72.6% (HER2+/HR) and 43.2% (TN), respectively. […] According to Cox regression, age 65 years [P=0.001, hazard ratio (HR) =2.136 (1.372, 3.324)], ER negative [P=0.02, HR =2.481 (1.159, 5.319)], PR negative [P=0.007, HR =2.294 (1.256, 4.184)], TN subtype [P0.001, HR =10.676 (4.441, 25.665)], AJCC stage IV [P0.001, HR =21.222 (10.377, 43.4)], tumor size 5 cm or T4 [P0.001, HR =2.577 (0.978, 6.792)], Stage M1 [P=0.001, HR =4.519 (1.929, 10.587)] and Black race [P=0.002, HR =2.322 (1.442, 3.74)] were independent prognostic factors for poorer CSS. […] Male breast cancer appears to be diverse in prognosis by molecular subtypes as female breast cancer. It could be a predictor for prognosis and assistant male breast cancer treatment.
  • #22 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rate for men with breast cancer is 84 and 72 percent, respectively (Howlader et al., 2016). […] More than 40% of men with breast cancer present with stage 3/4 disease and therefore men have a worse overall survival but similar disease specific survival compared to women (Giordano, 2005). […] When MBC is diagnosed early, preferable when only DCIS is present, the tumors are mostly low to intermediate grade and the occurrence of distant metastasis is very unlikely (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic factors that have been evaluated include the size of the lesion, mitotic index, tumor grade, lymph node status and molecular type, all of which correlate well with prognosis (Giordano et al., 2004; Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Kornegoor et al., 2012a). […] Based on numbers from 2009, node negative MBC have a five-year survival rate of 90%, compared with 65% five-year survival rate for node positive MBC (Fentiman, 2009).
  • #23 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    Men may be more likely than women to die after being diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly during the first 5 years after diagnosis, a new study suggests. […] In the study, the 5-year overall survival rate after a diagnosis of breast cancer was 77.6% for men, compared with 86.4% for women, researchers reported in JAMA Oncology on September 19. […] However, after all those factors were accounted for, male patients still had 19% higher chance of dying than female patients within 5 years of diagnosis. […] The results of this retrospective study suggest that men with breast cancer deserve dedicated studies that will help us to better understand the biology of the disease in males, Dr. Zimmer said. […] In the study, men had higher death rates than women across all stages of breast cancer, even after the researchers adjusted for differences in patients clinical characteristics, such as the type and stage of disease, treatments received, age, race/ethnicity, and access to care.
  • #24 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    A higher percentage of men than women in the study had stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis (5.8% versus 3.8%), for example. […] Despite having more aggressive disease overall, male patients were more likely than women to be undertreated, the researchers found. […] Clinical characteristics and undertreatment explained only about two-thirds of the difference in mortality.
  • #25 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    A higher percentage of men than women in the study had stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis (5.8% versus 3.8%), for example. […] Despite having more aggressive disease overall, male patients were more likely than women to be undertreated, the researchers found. […] Clinical characteristics and undertreatment explained only about two-thirds of the difference in mortality.
  • #26 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    A higher percentage of men than women in the study had stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis (5.8% versus 3.8%), for example. […] Despite having more aggressive disease overall, male patients were more likely than women to be undertreated, the researchers found. […] Clinical characteristics and undertreatment explained only about two-thirds of the difference in mortality.
  • #27 Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis for male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-04342-0
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Due to limited information, MBC has always been understudied. […] FBC patients were associated with superior overall survival than MBC patients. […] MBC patients had similar risk factors to FBC patients, but PR and HER-2 status did not independently influence survival. […] MBC patients have a worse prognosis than FBC patients. […] There were differences in independent prognostic factors between MBC and FBC patients: PR and HER-2 were independent prognostic factors for FBC but not MBC patients. […] Tumor location was an independent prognostic factor for both MBC and FBC patients. […] The KaplanMeier method showed that the MBC patients had a worse overall survival (OS) than FBC patients. […] The poor prognosis of tumors with the internal location may be associated with internal mammary nodes (IMN), which were not conventionally treated. […] Our retrospective study showed that MBC has a worse overall prognosis than FBC and the independent prognostic factors between MBC and FBC were not entirely the same.
  • #28 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #29 A nomogram for predicting the risk of male breast cancer for overall survival
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10436472/
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for 1% of all male carcinomas. […] We constructed a nomogram model for predicting the overall survival (OS) of MBC patients and verify its feasibility using data from China. […] The independent prognostic factors were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. […] A total of 1224 male breast cancer patients were in the training cohort and 44 in the validation cohort. T status (p0.001), age at diagnosis (p0.001), histologic grade (p=0.008), M status (p0.001), ER status (p=0.001), Her2 status (p=0.019), chemotherapy (p=0.015) were independently associated with OS. […] We developed a nomogram that predicts 3-year and 5-year survival in MBC patients. […] The model was superior to the AJCC stage system as shown in the decision curve analysis (DCA).
  • #30 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #31 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon disease. Few studies have discussed the prognosis of MBC due to its rarity. […] The predictive model included 7 variables: age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89, 95% CI 1.502.38), surgery (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.290.51), marital status (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.630.89), tumor stage (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.051.29), clinical stage (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.151.74), chemotherapy (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.500.75), and HER2 status (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.205.98). […] A survival prognosis prediction nomogram with 7 variables for patients with MBC was constructed in this study. The model can predict the survival outcome of these patients and provide a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. […] The findings demonstrated that the nomogram can accurately and individually predict the survival outcomes of patients with MBC. This predictive tool holds the potential for informing clinical decision-making and guiding the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • #32 JMIR Cancer – Predicting Overall Survival in Patients with Male Breast Cancer: Nomogram Development and External Validation Study
    https://cancer.jmir.org/2025/1/e54625
    In summary, a nomogram was developed using 7 variables to predict the prognosis of patients with MBC, and age, surgery, marital status, T stage, clinical stage, and HER2 status were identified as independent risk factors for predicting the survival of patients with MBC. Internal and external verifications proved that the model has good accuracy and reliability. Thus, it could serve as an accurate and individualized tool that clinicians could use for decision-making.
  • #33 Nomogram Predicting Cause-Specific Mortality in Nonmetastatic Male Breast Cancer: A Competing Risk Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6360428/
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor with few cases for research. […] The competing risk nomogram showed good accuracy for predictive prognosis in nonmetastatic MBC patients. […] After adjustment of Fine and Gray models, black race, PR (-), advanced T/N/grade and no surgery were independently associated with BCSD. […] Meanwhile, elderly, unmarried status, advanced AJCC stage and no chemotherapy resulted in OCSD more possibly. […] The 3-year, 5-year and 8-year mortalities were 5.2%, 10.6% and 16.5% for BCSD, and 6.1%, 9.6% and 14.4% for OCSD. […] The nomogram could be quickly applied to clinical practice. […] The established competing risk nomogram performed well in both internal and external validation.
  • #34 Nomogram Predicting Cause-Specific Mortality in Nonmetastatic Male Breast Cancer: A Competing Risk Analysis
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6360428/
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor with few cases for research. […] The competing risk nomogram showed good accuracy for predictive prognosis in nonmetastatic MBC patients. […] After adjustment of Fine and Gray models, black race, PR (-), advanced T/N/grade and no surgery were independently associated with BCSD. […] Meanwhile, elderly, unmarried status, advanced AJCC stage and no chemotherapy resulted in OCSD more possibly. […] The 3-year, 5-year and 8-year mortalities were 5.2%, 10.6% and 16.5% for BCSD, and 6.1%, 9.6% and 14.4% for OCSD. […] The nomogram could be quickly applied to clinical practice. […] The established competing risk nomogram performed well in both internal and external validation.
  • #35 A nomogram for predicting the risk of male breast cancer for overall survival
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10436472/
    The nomogram illustrates that the ER status accounted for a vast majority of the proportion compared with other clinical features. […] The ROC curves of the 3-year OS nomogram and 5-year OS nomogram for both the training and validation cohorts are shown in Figure 6. […] The DCA curve indicates that this nomogram model has better predictions when compared to the AJCC staging. […] In this study, we developed a clinical prognostic model that combines the prognostic characteristics of male breast cancer and validated it with Chinese male breast cancer data.
  • #36 A nomogram for predicting the risk of male breast cancer for overall survival
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10436472/
    Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for 1% of all male carcinomas. […] We constructed a nomogram model for predicting the overall survival (OS) of MBC patients and verify its feasibility using data from China. […] The independent prognostic factors were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. […] A total of 1224 male breast cancer patients were in the training cohort and 44 in the validation cohort. T status (p0.001), age at diagnosis (p0.001), histologic grade (p=0.008), M status (p0.001), ER status (p=0.001), Her2 status (p=0.019), chemotherapy (p=0.015) were independently associated with OS. […] We developed a nomogram that predicts 3-year and 5-year survival in MBC patients. […] The model was superior to the AJCC stage system as shown in the decision curve analysis (DCA).
  • #37 A nomogram for predicting the risk of male breast cancer for overall survival
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10436472/
    The nomogram illustrates that the ER status accounted for a vast majority of the proportion compared with other clinical features. […] The ROC curves of the 3-year OS nomogram and 5-year OS nomogram for both the training and validation cohorts are shown in Figure 6. […] The DCA curve indicates that this nomogram model has better predictions when compared to the AJCC staging. […] In this study, we developed a clinical prognostic model that combines the prognostic characteristics of male breast cancer and validated it with Chinese male breast cancer data.
  • #38 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    Also, grade 1 patients have a five-year survival of 76%, dropping to 65% for those with grade 2 tumours and 43% for grade 3 MBC (Fentiman, 2009). […] In more recent studies, ER negativity (Ruddy and Winer, 2013; Abreu et al., 2016), fibrotic focus 8 mm, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 overexpression and nuclear area (Kornegoor et al., 2012a; Veta et al., 2012) appear to be prognostic factors in MBC too. […] There is no or little evidence of a correlation between HER2, Ki67, PR or lymphovascular invasion and prognosis (Ruddy and Winer, 2013). […] Prognostic models that have been developed for FBC like the Multivariate Prognostic Index (consisting of mitotic index, tumour size and lymph node status), Nottingham Prognostic Index (consisting of grade, tumour size and lymph node status), Adjuvant! and Predict seem to perform quite well for MBC patients too (van der Pol et al., 2016).
  • #39
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10549-016-3991-9
    Breast cancer in men is uncommon; it accounts for 1 % of all patients with primary breast cancer. […] Accurate predictions are essential for adjuvant systemic treatment decision-making and informing patients. […] The aim of this study was to examine and compare the prognostic performance of these models for male breast cancer (MBC). […] All prediction models were capable of discriminating between good, moderate and poor survivors. […] In conclusion, MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models, originally developed and validated for FBC patients, also perform quite well for MBC patients. […] The present study compares the performance of prognostic tools such as the Morphometric Prognostic Index, Nottingham Prognostic Index, Adjuvant! Online and Predict in MBC patients. […] We found that these models, which were originally developed and validated for female breast cancer patients, perform quite well for MBC patients as well. […] The MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models that were originally validated for FBC also perform quite well for MBC.
  • #40
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10549-016-3991-9
    Breast cancer in men is uncommon; it accounts for 1 % of all patients with primary breast cancer. […] Accurate predictions are essential for adjuvant systemic treatment decision-making and informing patients. […] The aim of this study was to examine and compare the prognostic performance of these models for male breast cancer (MBC). […] All prediction models were capable of discriminating between good, moderate and poor survivors. […] In conclusion, MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models, originally developed and validated for FBC patients, also perform quite well for MBC patients. […] The present study compares the performance of prognostic tools such as the Morphometric Prognostic Index, Nottingham Prognostic Index, Adjuvant! Online and Predict in MBC patients. […] We found that these models, which were originally developed and validated for female breast cancer patients, perform quite well for MBC patients as well. […] The MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models that were originally validated for FBC also perform quite well for MBC.
  • #41
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10549-016-3991-9
    Breast cancer in men is uncommon; it accounts for 1 % of all patients with primary breast cancer. […] Accurate predictions are essential for adjuvant systemic treatment decision-making and informing patients. […] The aim of this study was to examine and compare the prognostic performance of these models for male breast cancer (MBC). […] All prediction models were capable of discriminating between good, moderate and poor survivors. […] In conclusion, MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models, originally developed and validated for FBC patients, also perform quite well for MBC patients. […] The present study compares the performance of prognostic tools such as the Morphometric Prognostic Index, Nottingham Prognostic Index, Adjuvant! Online and Predict in MBC patients. […] We found that these models, which were originally developed and validated for female breast cancer patients, perform quite well for MBC patients as well. […] The MPI, NPI, Adjuvant! and Predict prognostic models that were originally validated for FBC also perform quite well for MBC.
  • #42 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #43 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #44 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #45 Characterizing steroid hormone receptor chromatin binding landscapes in male and female breast cancer | Nature Communications
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02856-2
    AR and PR are favorable prognostic markers in female breast cancer (FBC). […] Cumulatively, these data illuminate the likely interplay between different steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer. […] This comprehensive overview reveals gender-selective and genomic location-specific hormone receptor action, which associate with survival in MBC. […] MBC is ER-driven. […] A significant proportion of ER binding sites overlap with AR and GR sites as seen in cell line data which we confirmed in MBC. […] Although we found the vast majority of ER sites to be shared between male and female breast cancers, ER sites that are associated with patient outcome appeared gender-selective. […] We performed logistic regression with elastic net regularization to construct a supervised binary classification model by which predictive gene signatures could be identified, which was trained in our cohort and tested in the validation cohort. […] Cumulatively, we show that global ER and FOXA1 chromatin binding selectivity reveals gender-specific prognostic features that successfully classify MBC patients on survival.
  • #46 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    Interestingly, a multicenter international study that pooled data from 13 cancer registries found that 12.5% of 3409 MBC survivors went on to develop a different (non-breast) cancer, and that risk of new primary cancers was elevated in the small intestine, rectum, pancreas, skin (non-melanoma), prostate, and lymphatics/blood. Other more recent studies have confirmed an elevated risk for other cancers in MBC survivors (Ruddy and Winer, 2013).
  • #47 Male breast cancer
    https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/solid-tumor/6242/male-breast-cancer
    Interestingly, a multicenter international study that pooled data from 13 cancer registries found that 12.5% of 3409 MBC survivors went on to develop a different (non-breast) cancer, and that risk of new primary cancers was elevated in the small intestine, rectum, pancreas, skin (non-melanoma), prostate, and lymphatics/blood. Other more recent studies have confirmed an elevated risk for other cancers in MBC survivors (Ruddy and Winer, 2013).
  • #48 Men with Breast Cancer Have Higher Mortality than Women – NCI
    https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2019/male-breast-cancer-higher-mortality
    Men may be more likely than women to die after being diagnosed with breast cancer, particularly during the first 5 years after diagnosis, a new study suggests. […] In the study, the 5-year overall survival rate after a diagnosis of breast cancer was 77.6% for men, compared with 86.4% for women, researchers reported in JAMA Oncology on September 19. […] However, after all those factors were accounted for, male patients still had 19% higher chance of dying than female patients within 5 years of diagnosis. […] The results of this retrospective study suggest that men with breast cancer deserve dedicated studies that will help us to better understand the biology of the disease in males, Dr. Zimmer said. […] In the study, men had higher death rates than women across all stages of breast cancer, even after the researchers adjusted for differences in patients clinical characteristics, such as the type and stage of disease, treatments received, age, race/ethnicity, and access to care.

Zobacz więcej

receptor estrogenowy nowotwór złośliwy zaawansowanie kliniczne rak piersi u mężczyzn indeks mitotyczny HER2 klasyfikacja AJCC wskaźnik przeżycia 5-letni proliferacja komórek nowotworowych złośliwość histologiczna przeżycie specyficzne dla choroby indeks prognostyczny Nottingham chemioterapia nomogram inwazyjny rak piersi analiza genomowa stadium IV nowotwór hormonozależny węzły chłonne receptor androgenowy krzywa decyzyjna leczenie operacyjne przeżycie całkowite receptor progesteronowy leczenie uzupełniające stadium zaawansowania nowotworu