Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

  Male breast cancer (MBC) is a cancer in males that originates in their breasts. Males account for less than 1% of new breast cancers with about 20,000 new cases being diagnosed worldwide every year. Its incidence rates in males vs. females are, respectively, 0.4 and 66.7 per 100,000 person-years. The worldwide incidences of male as well as female breast cancers have been increasing over the last few decades. Currently, one of every 800 men are estimated to develop this cancer during their lifetimes. […] The handling of MBC has typically followed many of the same protocols established for female breast cancer. Female breast cancer most often presents as a mass found on routine screening mammography or self-examination. It may have attracted attention by its size, tenderness, painfulness, or, less commonly, nipple discharge (which may be bloody), nipple retraction, breast swelling, or appearance of a skin lesion such as an ulcer.

• #1 Breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/primary-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/

  Breast cancer in men is cancer that starts in this small amount of breast tissue. […] The most common symptom of breast cancer in men is a lump in the chest, including up to the collarbone, or armpit. Its often painless. […] Other symptoms may include: Liquid (discharge) that comes from the nipple without squeezing and which may be blood-stained. […] A nipple change, for example it has become tender or pulled in (inverted). […] Sores (ulcers) on the chest or nipple area. […] Swelling in the chest area and occasionally the lymph nodes under the arm. […] See your GP if you notice a change to your chest area or nipple. This includes the area up to your collarbone (upper chest) and armpits.

• #1 Male breast cancer – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740

  Signs and symptoms of male breast cancer can include: […] A painless lump or thickening of the skin on the chest. […] Changes to the skin covering the chest, such as dimpling, puckering, scaling or changes in the color of the skin. […] Changes to the nipple, such as changes in the skin color or scaling, or a nipple that begins to turn inward. […] Discharge or bleeding from the nipple. […] Male breast cancer is rare. It happens most often in older men, though it can occur at any age. […] The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic cancer.

• #1 Breast Cancer in Men > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/male-breast-cancer

  Symptoms include a lump in the breast, swollen lymph nodes under armpit, nipple changes […] Symptoms for breast cancer in men may include: […] Lump in the breast, often beneath the areola (usually painless) […] Lump(s) in the lymph nodes under the armpit nearest the affected breast […] Nipple changes (inverted nipple, rash or scales around nipple, nipple discharge) […] Reddening of breast skin […] Pitted or dimpled breast skin […] Since men are usually less familiar with its signs and symptoms and because many are unaware that they can be affected by it their breast cancer is often not diagnosed until its in a later, more advanced stage. […] The outlook for men diagnosed with breast cancer depends on several factors including the stage at which the cancer is caught, the extent of spread, and type of tumor, among others. In general, the prognosis is best when the cancer is detected at an early stage. That’s why it is important for men who notice symptoms of breast cancer to see a doctor for evaluation.

• #1 Breast cancer in men | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  Men have breast tissue just like women, but their breasts are less developed. […] The most common sign of breast cancer in men is a painless lump, usually near or under the nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: discharge or bleeding from the nipple, crusting of the nipple, a nipple that suddenly points inward, or becomes inverted, pain or swelling of the breast, a lump in the armpit (called the axilla), an open sore, or ulcer, on the skin of the breast that doesn’t heal. […] Later signs and symptoms occur as the cancer grows larger or spreads to other parts of the body, including other organs. Late symptoms of breast cancer in men include: weight loss, bone pain, cough or shortness of breath, jaundice. […] Breast cancer in men is often diagnosed at a later stage than in women. It has usually started to spread to other parts of the body when it is diagnosed.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297

  In men, symptoms involving the nipple tend to occur earlier in the course of the disease than in women. These signs and symptoms can include: A nipple that feels hard or looks swollen, Retraction (the nipple is pulling, turning inwards, or flattening), Redness, rash, or scaling around the nipple that doesn’t go away, Tenderness, sensitivity, pain. […] Nipple discharge, which may be clear or tinged with blood, is a less common sign of breast cancer. Nipple discharge usually occurs along with other breast changes, though it may also occur as the only symptom. […] Changes to the skin on or near the breasts may include: General irritation, redness, a rash that doesn’t clear up, Variations in skin color, Puckering, pitting, or dimpling resembling the appearance of an orange peel, One or more open sores (ulcerations).

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer in Men | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  Possible symptoms of breast cancer to watch for include: A lump or swelling, which is often (but not always) painless […] Sometimes a breast cancer can spread to lymph nodes under the arm or around the collar bone and cause a lump or swelling there, even before the original tumor in the breast is large enough to be felt. […] These changes aren’t always caused by cancer, but if you notice any breast changes, you should see a health care professional as soon as possible.

• #1 Breast cancer in men: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007653.htm

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men include: […] Lump or swelling in the breast tissue. One breast may be larger than the other. […] A small lump beneath the nipple. […] Unusual changes in the nipple or skin around the nipple such as redness, scaling, or puckering. […] Nipple discharge. […] The long-term outlook for men with breast cancer is excellent when the cancer is found and treated early. […] About 91% of men treated before the cancer has spread to other areas of the body are cancer-free after 5 years. […] Almost 3 out of 4 men treated for cancer that has spread to lymph nodes but not to other areas of the body are cancer-free at 5 years. […] Men who have cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body have a smaller chance of long-term survival. […] Contact your provider right away if you notice something unusual about your breast, including any lumps, skin changes, or discharge.

• #1 Can men get breast cancer? 10 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/male-breast-cancer-what-men-should-know.h00-158826489.html

  The most common symptom of male breast cancer is a painless lump in the chest. The lump is typically under the nipple or close to the nipple. […] Sometimes, men will notice a hard mass stuck to the chest wall. Men have less breast tissue than women, so its common for a tumor to attach to the skin. This may look like a skin ulcer. […] Other symptoms of male breast cancer can include: Bloody discharge from the nipple, Nipple inversion. […] If the cancer has spread beyond the breast, symptoms may include: Lymph nodes in the armpit, Pain, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] On average, male breast cancer tends to be diagnosed in its later stages. This could be due to a few reasons: Unlike women, men do not get routine screening mammograms. Many men are not aware they can get breast cancer, so they may not see a doctor for symptoms. Some doctors do not have much experience diagnosing male breast cancer, so it can get overlooked in its early stages. […] Male breast cancer is curable in most cases. Curability depends on the cancers stage at diagnosis. […] In general, the survival rate for men diagnosed with breast cancer is slightly lower than it is for women. On average, men are diagnosed at an older age and when the disease is more advanced.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  Male breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast. […] Men with breast cancer usually have lumps that can be felt. […] Lumps and other signs may be caused by male breast cancer or by other conditions. Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: A lump or thickening in or near the breast or in the underarm area. A change in the size or shape of the breast. A dimple or puckering in the skin of the breast. A nipple turned inward into the breast. Fluid from the nipple, especially if it’s bloody. Scaly, red, or swollen skin on the breast, nipple, or areola (the dark area of skin around the nipple). Dimples in the breast that look like the skin of an orange, called peau dorange. […] If cancer is found, tests are done to study the cancer cells.

• #1 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

  The most common symptom is a hard, painless lump in one of the breasts. […] Breast cancer in men can also cause nipple problems, such as the nipple turning in on itself (retraction) or nipple discharge. […] The main symptom of breast cancer in men is a hard lump in one of your breasts. The lump is almost always painless. […] Less common symptoms of male breast cancer include: the nipple beginning to turn in on itself (nipple retraction), the nipple becoming hard and inflamed, and looking sore (nipple ulceration), fluid leaking from the nipple (nipple discharge). […] Additional symptoms usually only develop if the cancer spreads from the breast to other parts of the body, such as the bones, liver or lungs. This is known as metastatic breast cancer. […] Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer include: bone pain, swelling of the lymph nodes (glands), usually in or around the armpit, shortness of breath, feeling unusually tired all the time, feeling sick (nausea), itchy skin with yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

• #1

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cancerofthebreast,male/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: […] a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit […] liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it […] changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest […] sores or ulcers on your chest […] a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema). […] Some of these symptoms, including lumps, are common and can be caused by other conditions. […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer. […] The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. It can spread anywhere, but it most commonly affects the bones, liver, lungs or brain. […] You may also have general symptoms including: […] feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] feeling or being sick […] difficulty sleeping.

• #1 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

  The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. […] You may also have general symptoms including: feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] feeling or being sick […] difficulty sleeping.

• #1 Is Male Breast Cancer Fast-Growing – Breast Cancer Surgeon in Mumbai | Breast Clinic – Dr. Jay Anam

  https://drjayanam.com/blogs/is-male-breast-cancer-fast-growing/

  Breast cancer may be present over a long period with no pain or symptoms, and when symptoms do become clear, it is already too late. […] The first symptom of having cancer is a hard lump in the breast. Some other symptoms of breast cancer include: Inverted or retracted nipple, Blood-stained discharge from the nipple, Hard lump in armpit, Red and edematous or ulcerated breast skin. […] The prognosis for male breast cancer is like female breast cancer. However, we need to understand that male breast cancers rapidly invade the surrounding structures like skin or underlying muscle. […] The first symptom of male breast cancer is the formation of a lump. These lumps are hard but do not hurt when you touch them. Most cancers are painless unless infected or have invaded surrounding structures like nerves, muscles, or skin, causing ulceration. However, a rare variant of breast cancer called inflammatory breast cancer is an aggressive type associated with pain.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

  Male breast cancer develops in breast tissue. Your chest contains undeveloped milk ducts and other tissue where cancer can grow. Without treatment, it can spread throughout your body. Symptoms include a firm, painless lump on one side of your chest. […] The first sign of male breast cancer is often a firm, painless lump in one of your breasts. Usually, its behind a nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: A lump in your armpit, Skin on your chest that looks dimpled or pitted, like the skin of an orange, Red, flaky or scaly skin on your chest or near your nipple, Pain or tenderness in your chest or underarm, Clear or bloody nipple discharge or an inverted nipple (a nipple thats sunken inward). […] Male breast cancer happens when the DNA inside breast cells changes, or mutates. The mutated cells start multiplying rapidly and dont die. Eventually, the cancer cells form masses called tumors. Parts of the tumor may break off and spread to other body parts through your lymphatic system or bloodstream. Cancer thats spread is called metastatic cancer. […] The biggest factors that affect your prognosis (outlook) are the cancer type and stage. The survival rate is higher for early-stage cancers.

• #1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

  Due to men’s smaller breast sizes, their breast tumors may become palpable and cause symptoms earlier than those in females. Nonetheless, males tend to lack awareness of breast cancer, may have gynecomastia masking their breast tumors, and may delay seeking medical attention. These differences appear to underlie findings that the diagnosis of breast cancer is made later in males than females (average age 67 vs. 63 years old, respectively). […] Studies have reported that males more often than females present with breast cancers that have spread to nearby axillary lymph nodes and appear more aggressive based on their microscopic histopathology. However, a large study by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Institutes of Health ranked breast cancer severity based on their TNM stage. The study reported that the percentage of cases presenting with purely local disease (i.e. no metastases) was 63.1% in males and 45.4% in females; with spread to local lymph nodes was 29.1% in males and 43.6% in females; and with distant metastases was 5.7% in males and 8.1% in females.

• #1

  https://www.drmaryling.com.au/breast-cancer-in-men

  The most common sign of breast cancer in men is a painless lump in the breast close to the nipple. […] Breast cancer in men tends to be more advanced at diagnosis compared to breast cancer in women. Research has also shown the average time between first symptom and diagnosis in male breast cancer to be 19 months! This is likely due to men not being routinely screened for breast cancer and a lack of awareness that breast cancer can happen in men.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer Statistics and Research | BCRF

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer-statistics-research/

  While breast cancer overwhelmingly affects women, men also have breast tissue and are at risk of developing breast cancer. […] Whats more, because breast cancer is primarily seen as a womans disease, men may ignore symptomsresulting in later-stage diagnoses and potentially worse outcomes. […] Men need to not only know that they can and do get breast cancerbut also that they must be proactive about reporting any lumps, inflammation, or otherwise unusual changes to their doctors. […] Signs and symptoms of male breast cancer can include: A painless lump or thickening in your breast tissue, Changes to the skin covering your breast, such as dimpling, puckering, redness or scaling, Changes to your nipple, such as redness or scaling, or a nipple that begins to turn inward, Discharge from your nipple.

• #1 Delayed presentation, diagnosis, and psychosocial aspects of male breast cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7221437/

  Male breast cancer is uncommon, delay in seeking medical attention often results in late presentation and poor prognosis. […] In this study, 6 (10.7%) patients presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis and received palliative systemic treatment only. […] More than 90% of our patients expressed various degrees of embarrassment at the time of breast symptom onset. […] Male breast cancer is rare and patients usually present late, Lack of knowledge, public education, and embarrassment are the important related factors. […] Delayed presentation to medical care is common in male breast cancers, resulting in late presentation and poor prognosis. Reasons for the delayed presentation include lack of awareness of male breast cancer and embarrassment to feminine symptoms. […] In our study, 67.8% had lymph node metastasis on presentation, with 10.7% distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Mean time taken from symptom onset to diagnosis was 1 year with longest delay of up to 10 years in the current cohort. […] More than 90% of our patients reported feeling uneasy sitting in the waiting halls surrounded by other patients who were strictly female.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

  Male breast cancer can exhibit the same signs and symptoms as breast cancer in women, including a lump. […] The most common symptoms for male breast cancer include: A lump, with or without pain, that feels like a knot or hard pebble; lumps can be located right under or around the nipple or in the armpit area. […] Pain in the nipple or breast area. […] Changes to the breast skin, including dimpling, puckering, or redness. […] Change in the breast shape or size. […] Nipple discharge. […] A rash or a sore on the nipple or areola. […] Nipple turning inward (inverted nipple). […] It is common for men to delay reporting the lump to a physician, which can result in the patient being diagnosed at a later stage when the cancer is harder to treat. […] Early detection of breast cancer increases treatment options and often reduces the risk of dying from breast cancer for men and women alike.

• #1 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

  Male breast cancer is a relatively rare cancer, but it is one that doctors often diagnose in the later stages. Knowing how to recognize the symptoms can help a person get early treatment. […] Some possible symptoms of male breast cancer include: a lump in one breast, which is usually painless; nipple retraction, ulceration, and discharge; skin puckering or dimpling on the breast; discoloration or scaling of the skin on the breast or nipple. […] If cancer spreads, additional symptoms may include: swelling in the lymph nodes in or near the underarm area; breast pain; bone pain. […] For these and other reasons, around 40% of males with breast cancer receive a diagnosis in stage 3 or 4, when the condition has already spread to other parts of the body. […] The outlook for male breast cancer is excellent if diagnosis occurs in its early stages. However, early diagnosis is not always possible. […] Being aware of the signs and symptoms of male breast cancer increases the chance of getting early treatment.

• #1 Male breast cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_breast_cancer

  The most common histopathology-defined type of MBC is, as it is in females, invasive ductal carcinoma (also termed invasive carcinoma of no special type). The other histopathologically-defined types of MBC in descending order of frequency include ductal carcinoma in situ, papillary carcinomas of the breast, medullary breast carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, inflammatory carcinoma, phyllodes tumor, leiomyosarcoma of the breast, Paget’s disease of the breast, and invasive lobular carcinoma. […] Similar to breast cancer tumors in women, MBC tumors are treated by surgical removal, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy. However, there are key differences in these treatments between the two sexes. The most common surgical treatment for MBC tumors has been total mastectomy with breast-conserving surgery being performed in a much smaller proportion of males than females. This difference may be due to men generally having smaller breasts, tumors more often located beneath the areola, tumors more often involving nipples and/or skin, and tumors more often having smaller and narrower resection margins than women.

• #1 Breast Cancer in Men: Overview of Male Breast Cancer, Etiology, Diagnosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview

  Most male breast cancers (~80%) are hormone receptor positive, 15% overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and 4% are triple negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 negative. […] The risk of breast cancer recurrence continues beyond 15 years after primary treatment. The risk of subsequent cancers is highest in men who were younger than 50 years when their initial cancer was diagnosed. Thus, periodic screening is probably advisable. […] Patients should be counseled about the symptoms of breast cancer recurrence, including new lumps, bone pain, chest pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain, or persistent headaches.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  How quickly the cancer may grow. How likely it is that the cancer will spread through the body. How well certain treatments might work. How likely the cancer is to recur (come back). […] Survival for men with breast cancer is similar to survival for women with breast cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Support and Treatments | UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/male-breast-cancer

  Breast cancer in men is a very rare event, as only 0.51% of all breast cancers diagnosed occur in men. […] The most common types of breast cancers grow from epithelial tissue. […] Usually, men present with a lump or change in the breast tissue. […] The prognosis for male breast cancer and chance of recovery for male breast cancer depends on the following: the stage of the cancer (how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis), the type of cancer, the presence of the biomarkers estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, the patients age and general health. […] In general, the survival for men with breast cancer is similar to the survival of breast cancer in women. However, because we do not offer screening to men, most breast cancers in men will be more advanced at the time of their diagnosis. A more advanced stage at diagnosis can be associated with a less favorable outcome. […] The five-year survival rate based on initial male breast cancer stages is as follows: Stage 0: 100%, Stage I: 100%, Stage II: 91%, Stage III: 72%, Stage IV: 20%.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | NBCFNational Breast Cancer Foundation logoNational Breast Cancer Foundation logo

  https://nbcf.org.au/about-breast-cancer/further-information-on-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those that women experience. These include: A lump in the breast, such as a painless lump close to the nipple. A change in the skin colour, texture and appearance of the breast, such as thickening, swelling or dimpling of the skin […] It is important that men speak with their doctor as soon as possible if they notice any new or unusual breast changes. […] If the changes are caused by cancer, finding breast cancer early improves the chances that it can be treated successfully.

• #1 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit […] liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it […] changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest […] sores or ulcers on your chest […] a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema) […] Some of these symptoms, including lumps, are common and can be caused by other conditions. […] Having the symptoms does not definitely mean you have breast cancer, but it’s important to get checked by a GP. […] If your symptoms are caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat. […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer.

• #1 Breast cancer in men

  https://www.breastcancerfoundation.org.nz/breast-cancer/types-of-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  The tests used to investigate breast changes in men are the same as those used for women. […] The triple test is used to find the cause of a suspicious breast change. […] Because men have much smaller breasts, the surgical treatment for men is usually mastectomy, rather than breast conserving surgery. […] Mastectomy usually involves removing all of the breast tissue, plus the nipple, areola and some of the surrounding skin. […] Adjuvant treatment (after surgery) is essentially the same as for women, and may include hormone-blocking therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or other targeted therapy. […] Most male breast cancers are hormone receptor positive, which means that oestrogen can stimulate the growth of the cancer cells. […] Tamoxifen is a medication which blocks the action of oestrogen and is a common treatment option to reduce the risk of recurrence in the future.

• #1 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists

  https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

  The swollen glands happen if cancer spreads to the lymph nodes under your arms or around the collar bone even before the original tumor in the breast becomes large. The above changes are not always an indication of male breast cancer. However, you should seek medical attention immediately if you notice breast changes. […] If you observe any of the above symptoms and suspect that they might result from breast cancer, talk to your physician immediately. The physician uses the same techniques used to diagnose breast cancer in women. These include: Physical exam- the physician looks at your breast for change in size, shape, or symmetry; Mammography- the doctor takes an X-ray picture of the breast and uses the mammogram to detect early signs of breast cancer. You need to undergo regular mammograms to help identify cancer during the early stages; A biopsy test involves removing a small piece of tissue from your breast and testing it under a microscope for any signs of cancer cells.

• #1 Breast Cancer in Men: Overview of Male Breast Cancer, Etiology, Diagnosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview

  Male breast cancer usually presents as a painless lump. In 75% of cases, the lump is a hard and fixed nodule in the subareolar region, with nipple involvement more common than in women. […] Other local signs include the following: Nipple retraction, bleeding, discharge, or pain; Skin erythema, flaking, ulceration, or peau d’orange; Palpable axillary adenopathy. […] If findings are equivocal, however, imaging studies can be useful in diagnosis. […] Ultrasound features of male breast cancer are similar to those of female breast cancer. Masses that are taller than wide (antiparallel) and hypoechoic are worrisome. The margins are angulated, microlobulated, or spiculated. […] On mammography, male breast cancer is typically retroareolar as it arises from the central ducts. Gynecomastia will always originate in a subareolar position, although the distribution may extend away from the nipple. An asymmetry with the morphology of gynecomastia that does not involve the subareolar breast is thus suspicious.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

  The most common presentations are painless palpable mass, skin ulceration, and nipple retraction or discharge in approximately 75% of the cases, similar to women. […] The mass is frequently localized to the subareolar region. It is seen less frequently in the upper outer quadrant. The left breast is involved more frequently than the right; 1% of the cases are bilateral. […] Male patients are frequently at a higher age than female breast cancer (FBC) at diagnosis (5-10 years older) and at a higher stage. […] It is evident that the disease is diagnosed at more advanced stages in men as compared to women. In fact, more than 40% of the patients are already at stage 3 or 4 when they present to the clinic. The lesser amount of breast tissue in men also results in the involvement of chest wall at an early stage.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9011-male-breast-cancer

  Male breast cancer develops in breast tissue. Your chest contains undeveloped milk ducts and other tissue where cancer can grow. Without treatment, it can spread throughout your body. Symptoms include a firm, painless lump on one side of your chest. […] The first sign of male breast cancer is often a firm, painless lump in one of your breasts. Usually, its behind a nipple. Other signs and symptoms include: A lump in your armpit, Skin on your chest that looks dimpled or pitted, like the skin of an orange, Red, flaky or scaly skin on your chest or near your nipple, Pain or tenderness in your chest or underarm, Clear or bloody nipple discharge or an inverted nipple (a nipple thats sunken inward). […] Male breast cancer happens when the DNA inside breast cells changes, or mutates. The mutated cells start multiplying rapidly and dont die. Eventually, the cancer cells form masses called tumors. Parts of the tumor may break off and spread to other body parts through your lymphatic system or bloodstream. Cancer thats spread is called metastatic cancer. […] The biggest factors that affect your prognosis (outlook) are the cancer type and stage. The survival rate is higher for early-stage cancers.

• #2 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit […] liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it […] changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest […] sores or ulcers on your chest […] a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema) […] Some of these symptoms, including lumps, are common and can be caused by other conditions. […] Having the symptoms does not definitely mean you have breast cancer, but it’s important to get checked by a GP. […] If your symptoms are caused by cancer, finding it early may mean it’s easier to treat. […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer.

• #2 What Are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer in Men?

  https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-symptoms-men

  Its rare, but men can get breast cancer, too. Guys have a small amount of breast tissue, and its possible for cancer cells to form in it. […] Even though most men have low odds of getting the disease, you should be aware of the symptoms. That way you can talk to your doctor about any concerning signs, and they can do tests to find out if its breast cancer or something else. […] The signs can include: […] Lumps. Men with breast cancer usually have one or more. They might show up on your chest or under your armpit. They tend to be painless. […] Breast changes. You might notice a difference in the size or shape of your breast area. […] Skin changes. Parts of your breast may look: Dimpled, sometimes resembling the texture of an orange peel; Puckered, meaning folded or wrinkled looking; Scaly, red, or swollen.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297

  In men, symptoms involving the nipple tend to occur earlier in the course of the disease than in women. These signs and symptoms can include: A nipple that feels hard or looks swollen, Retraction (the nipple is pulling, turning inwards, or flattening), Redness, rash, or scaling around the nipple that doesn’t go away, Tenderness, sensitivity, pain. […] Nipple discharge, which may be clear or tinged with blood, is a less common sign of breast cancer. Nipple discharge usually occurs along with other breast changes, though it may also occur as the only symptom. […] Changes to the skin on or near the breasts may include: General irritation, redness, a rash that doesn’t clear up, Variations in skin color, Puckering, pitting, or dimpling resembling the appearance of an orange peel, One or more open sores (ulcerations).

• #2 Breast cancer in men | Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men are similar to those for women and include: a breast lump […] thickening of the breast tissue […] dimpling of the skin of the breast […] change in shape of the breast or nipple […] a discharge from the nipple […] a painful area […] swollen lymph nodes in the armpit area.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Causes, Signs & Treatment

  https://www.careinsurance.com/blog/health-insurance-articles/not-only-women-but-men-can-too-have-breast-cancer

  Most cases of male breast cancer occur in men at any age, but mostly between the ages of 60 and 70, though it can occur at any age. […] The signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men are as follows: The occurrence of breast lump in men, Pain in the nipples, Discharge from the nipples, Swollen lymph nodes in the armpits. […] If the cancer is spread to more areas, the additional breast cancer in men symptoms are: Breast pain, Bone pain. […] If you notice any such breast cancer symptoms in men, you should immediately consult a doctor. If diagnosed early, this medical condition responds well to the treatment.

• #2 Breast cancer in men | Breast Cancer Now

  https://breastcancernow.org/about-breast-cancer/primary-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/

  Breast cancer in men is cancer that starts in this small amount of breast tissue. […] The most common symptom of breast cancer in men is a lump in the chest, including up to the collarbone, or armpit. Its often painless. […] Other symptoms may include: Liquid (discharge) that comes from the nipple without squeezing and which may be blood-stained. […] A nipple change, for example it has become tender or pulled in (inverted). […] Sores (ulcers) on the chest or nipple area. […] Swelling in the chest area and occasionally the lymph nodes under the arm. […] See your GP if you notice a change to your chest area or nipple. This includes the area up to your collarbone (upper chest) and armpits.

• #2 Men | Breast Cancer | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/breast-cancer/diagnosing-breast-cancer/conditions/men

  Most men dont regularly examine their chests and their doctors may forget as well. Because of this, diagnoses of male breast cancer tend to come at a later stage of the disease. Dont delay seeing your doctor if you notice one of these signs: […] A bump, lump, or swelling on or within the chest […] A nipple that becomes inverted […] Dimpled or puckered skin on the chest […] Discharge from the nipple […] Red, scaly, or flaking skin on the nipple or breast.

• #2 Signs of Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Self-Exams

  https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-cancer/signs-of-male-breast-cancer

  Once breast cancer starts to spread, other symptoms may include: fatigue; unexplained weight loss; shortness of breath; bone aches and pains; yellowing of the skin, or jaundice; generally feeling unwell. […] The most common sign of male breast cancer is a lump or hard mass in the breast area. Other signs include changes to the nipple or skin. Breast cancer lumps can also form under the arm or near the collarbone. […] Male breast cancer can develop at any age, but the risk increases after age 60.

• #2

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/cancerofthebreast,male/

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men may include: […] a lump or swelling in your chest or armpit […] liquid leaking from your nipples (nipple discharge), which may have blood in it […] changes in the size or shape of either side of your chest […] sores or ulcers on your chest […] a change in the shape or look of your nipple, such as it turning inwards (inverted nipple) or a rash on it (may look like eczema). […] Some of these symptoms, including lumps, are common and can be caused by other conditions. […] If breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body it’s called secondary breast cancer. […] The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. It can spread anywhere, but it most commonly affects the bones, liver, lungs or brain. […] You may also have general symptoms including: […] feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] feeling or being sick […] difficulty sleeping.

• #2 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

  The most common symptom is a hard, painless lump in one of the breasts. […] Breast cancer in men can also cause nipple problems, such as the nipple turning in on itself (retraction) or nipple discharge. […] The main symptom of breast cancer in men is a hard lump in one of your breasts. The lump is almost always painless. […] Less common symptoms of male breast cancer include: the nipple beginning to turn in on itself (nipple retraction), the nipple becoming hard and inflamed, and looking sore (nipple ulceration), fluid leaking from the nipple (nipple discharge). […] Additional symptoms usually only develop if the cancer spreads from the breast to other parts of the body, such as the bones, liver or lungs. This is known as metastatic breast cancer. […] Symptoms of metastatic breast cancer include: bone pain, swelling of the lymph nodes (glands), usually in or around the armpit, shortness of breath, feeling unusually tired all the time, feeling sick (nausea), itchy skin with yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice).

• #2 Male Breast Cancer Symptoms

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/male-breast-cancer-symptoms-6541297

  Breast cancer can also affect the size and shape of the breast. The breast may appear larger, misshapen, or sunken. […] Breast cancer can spread to lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone. Sometimes, you’ll notice swollen lymph nodes before a breast tumor is large enough to be felt. […] Symptoms of male breast cancer can appear at any age, but the disease is more common in males between the ages of 60 and 70. […] Metastatic breast cancer (breast cancer that has spread to other regions of the body) can put pressure on organs, blood vessels, and nerves. Symptoms may include: Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, Changes to appetite, eating problems, Unexplained weight changes, Fever, Pain, swelling, or lumps, Cough, hoarseness, or shortness of breath. […] Male breast cancer is rare, but men are more likely to get diagnosed with advanced disease. This may be due, at least in part, to a lack of awareness. The most common symptom is a lump on the chest, usually near the nipple. […] Men can also have discharge from the nipple, skin puckering, a persistent rash, and swelling under the armpit or near the collarbone. These symptoms don’t mean you have breast cancer. However, it is important to get evaluated by a healthcare provider.

• #2 Symptoms of breast cancer in men – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer-in-men/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men/

  The symptoms depend on which part of the body the cancer has spread to. […] You may also have general symptoms including: feeling tired or having no energy […] loss of appetite or losing weight without trying to […] feeling unwell with no clear cause […] feeling or being sick […] difficulty sleeping.

• #2 Delayed presentation, diagnosis, and psychosocial aspects of male breast cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7221437/

  Male breast cancer is uncommon, delay in seeking medical attention often results in late presentation and poor prognosis. […] In this study, 6 (10.7%) patients presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis and received palliative systemic treatment only. […] More than 90% of our patients expressed various degrees of embarrassment at the time of breast symptom onset. […] Male breast cancer is rare and patients usually present late, Lack of knowledge, public education, and embarrassment are the important related factors. […] Delayed presentation to medical care is common in male breast cancers, resulting in late presentation and poor prognosis. Reasons for the delayed presentation include lack of awareness of male breast cancer and embarrassment to feminine symptoms. […] In our study, 67.8% had lymph node metastasis on presentation, with 10.7% distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Mean time taken from symptom onset to diagnosis was 1 year with longest delay of up to 10 years in the current cohort. […] More than 90% of our patients reported feeling uneasy sitting in the waiting halls surrounded by other patients who were strictly female.

• #2 Symptoms of breast cancer in men

  https://www.medsir.org/post/symptoms-of-breast-cancer-in-men

  Breast cancer in men is a very rare pathology, however there are studies that say that its incidence is increasing. […] The visibility of male breast cancer is increasing, as we give it normality, and reduce the stigma and belief that breast cancer only happens in women. […] The delay in diagnosis is the reason that most male breast cancer patients have more advanced stages of breast cancer. […] Well focus today on signs and symptoms of breast cancer in men, which will help them determine if they should consult their primary care doctors so that they can carry out a correct physical examination and an imaging test in appropriate cases. […] It is the most frequent symptom, present in 90% of cases of breast cancer in men. […] The increase in size of both breasts in men is known in medicine with the term gynecomastia.

• #2 What men need to know about male breast cancer | Cancer | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/gynecomastia-breast-cancer/

  Male breast cancer symptoms are similar to womens lumps, nipple pain, discharge, and redness or soreness around the nipple area. […] If you feel a lump or thickened tissue, particularly under the nipple, its important not to ignore it but its also important not to panic. […] The signs of gynecomastia lump, hardened or thickened tissue, or pain around the nipple are similar to male breast cancer symptoms. […] Male breast cancer, as with most cancer, has better treatment options and better outcomes the earlier its caught.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Trials

  https://www.breastcancertrials.org.au/male-breast-cancer/?srsltid=AfmBOoqDW510RtrXOZ1ndkdXZAKEn8QxCCrfCgGDjYltBbBCgl4i-XI1

  Nearly half of male breast cancer cases are diagnosed at stage 3. […] Signs of male breast cancer are similar to those for women, and can include: A painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue. Changes to the skin covering the breast, such as dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling. Changes to the nipple, such as discharge, redness, scaling, or a nipple that begins to turn inward. […] The most common breast cancer found in men is invasive ductal carcinoma, which typically presents as a lump, however, Professor Thompson says there are a number of other breast changes that men should be aware of. Normal male breast tissue moves around, whereas breast cancer tends to be a firmer, lumpier texture. You might have some tissue distortion, skin distortion or nipple distortion. Its probably an asymmetry that would also be a bit of a red flag. If it feels different on one side than on the other, and pain also, it can be painful.

• #2 Breast cancer in men

  https://www.breastcancerfoundation.org.nz/breast-cancer/types-of-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  The tests used to investigate breast changes in men are the same as those used for women. […] The triple test is used to find the cause of a suspicious breast change. […] Because men have much smaller breasts, the surgical treatment for men is usually mastectomy, rather than breast conserving surgery. […] Mastectomy usually involves removing all of the breast tissue, plus the nipple, areola and some of the surrounding skin. […] Adjuvant treatment (after surgery) is essentially the same as for women, and may include hormone-blocking therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or other targeted therapy. […] Most male breast cancers are hormone receptor positive, which means that oestrogen can stimulate the growth of the cancer cells. […] Tamoxifen is a medication which blocks the action of oestrogen and is a common treatment option to reduce the risk of recurrence in the future.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer – Symptoms, Support and Treatments | UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/male-breast-cancer

  Breast cancer in men is a very rare event, as only 0.51% of all breast cancers diagnosed occur in men. […] The most common types of breast cancers grow from epithelial tissue. […] Usually, men present with a lump or change in the breast tissue. […] The prognosis for male breast cancer and chance of recovery for male breast cancer depends on the following: the stage of the cancer (how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis), the type of cancer, the presence of the biomarkers estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, the patients age and general health. […] In general, the survival for men with breast cancer is similar to the survival of breast cancer in women. However, because we do not offer screening to men, most breast cancers in men will be more advanced at the time of their diagnosis. A more advanced stage at diagnosis can be associated with a less favorable outcome. […] The five-year survival rate based on initial male breast cancer stages is as follows: Stage 0: 100%, Stage I: 100%, Stage II: 91%, Stage III: 72%, Stage IV: 20%.

• #2 Breast cancer in men: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007653.htm

  Symptoms of breast cancer in men include: […] Lump or swelling in the breast tissue. One breast may be larger than the other. […] A small lump beneath the nipple. […] Unusual changes in the nipple or skin around the nipple such as redness, scaling, or puckering. […] Nipple discharge. […] The long-term outlook for men with breast cancer is excellent when the cancer is found and treated early. […] About 91% of men treated before the cancer has spread to other areas of the body are cancer-free after 5 years. […] Almost 3 out of 4 men treated for cancer that has spread to lymph nodes but not to other areas of the body are cancer-free at 5 years. […] Men who have cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body have a smaller chance of long-term survival. […] Contact your provider right away if you notice something unusual about your breast, including any lumps, skin changes, or discharge.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/male-breast-treatment-pdq

  How quickly the cancer may grow. How likely it is that the cancer will spread through the body. How well certain treatments might work. How likely the cancer is to recur (come back). […] Survival for men with breast cancer is similar to survival for women with breast cancer. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

• #2 Is Male Breast Cancer Fast-Growing – Breast Cancer Surgeon in Mumbai | Breast Clinic – Dr. Jay Anam

  https://drjayanam.com/blogs/is-male-breast-cancer-fast-growing/

  Overall, the 5-year survival rate of men with breast cancer is 84%. However, if the cancer is present only in the breast, five-year survival is as high as 97%. If it has spread to the axillary nodes, it reduces to 83%. However, if cancer has spread to any distal part of the body, the 5-year survival reduces to 22%. So, it is very important to identify breast cancer at the initial stages where a curative treatment is possible.

• #2 Breast cancer in men | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/breast-cancer-male/

  The survival rates for breast cancer in men largely depend on how far the cancer has spread before its diagnosed. […] Breast cancer diagnosed at an early stage can often be treated successfully, but effective treatment is more difficult if the cancer has spread beyond the breast tissue. […] Unfortunately, many cases are diagnosed after the cancer has already started to spread.

• #2 Male breast cancer: Symptoms, statistics, tests, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179457

  Male breast cancer is a relatively rare cancer, but it is one that doctors often diagnose in the later stages. Knowing how to recognize the symptoms can help a person get early treatment. […] Some possible symptoms of male breast cancer include: a lump in one breast, which is usually painless; nipple retraction, ulceration, and discharge; skin puckering or dimpling on the breast; discoloration or scaling of the skin on the breast or nipple. […] If cancer spreads, additional symptoms may include: swelling in the lymph nodes in or near the underarm area; breast pain; bone pain. […] For these and other reasons, around 40% of males with breast cancer receive a diagnosis in stage 3 or 4, when the condition has already spread to other parts of the body. […] The outlook for male breast cancer is excellent if diagnosis occurs in its early stages. However, early diagnosis is not always possible. […] Being aware of the signs and symptoms of male breast cancer increases the chance of getting early treatment.

• #2 About Breast Cancer in Men | Breast Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html

  The most common symptoms of breast cancer in men are: A lump or swelling in the breast. […] Redness or flaky skin in the breast. […] Irritation or dimpling of breast skin. […] Nipple discharge. […] Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area. […] These symptoms can happen with other conditions that are not cancer. If you have any symptoms or changes, see your doctor right away.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer and Signs To Look For – Women’s Imaging Specialists

  https://wispecialists.com/male-breast-cancer-and-signs-to-look-for/

  The swollen glands happen if cancer spreads to the lymph nodes under your arms or around the collar bone even before the original tumor in the breast becomes large. The above changes are not always an indication of male breast cancer. However, you should seek medical attention immediately if you notice breast changes. […] If you observe any of the above symptoms and suspect that they might result from breast cancer, talk to your physician immediately. The physician uses the same techniques used to diagnose breast cancer in women. These include: Physical exam- the physician looks at your breast for change in size, shape, or symmetry; Mammography- the doctor takes an X-ray picture of the breast and uses the mammogram to detect early signs of breast cancer. You need to undergo regular mammograms to help identify cancer during the early stages; A biopsy test involves removing a small piece of tissue from your breast and testing it under a microscope for any signs of cancer cells.

• #2 Breast Cancer in Men: Overview of Male Breast Cancer, Etiology, Diagnosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1954174-overview

  Male breast cancer usually presents as a painless lump. In 75% of cases, the lump is a hard and fixed nodule in the subareolar region, with nipple involvement more common than in women. […] Other local signs include the following: Nipple retraction, bleeding, discharge, or pain; Skin erythema, flaking, ulceration, or peau d’orange; Palpable axillary adenopathy. […] If findings are equivocal, however, imaging studies can be useful in diagnosis. […] Ultrasound features of male breast cancer are similar to those of female breast cancer. Masses that are taller than wide (antiparallel) and hypoechoic are worrisome. The margins are angulated, microlobulated, or spiculated. […] On mammography, male breast cancer is typically retroareolar as it arises from the central ducts. Gynecomastia will always originate in a subareolar position, although the distribution may extend away from the nipple. An asymmetry with the morphology of gynecomastia that does not involve the subareolar breast is thus suspicious.

• #2 Male Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment & More

  https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/male-breast-cancer/

  Male breast cancer can exhibit the same signs and symptoms as breast cancer in women, including a lump. […] The most common symptoms for male breast cancer include: A lump, with or without pain, that feels like a knot or hard pebble; lumps can be located right under or around the nipple or in the armpit area. […] Pain in the nipple or breast area. […] Changes to the breast skin, including dimpling, puckering, or redness. […] Change in the breast shape or size. […] Nipple discharge. […] A rash or a sore on the nipple or areola. […] Nipple turning inward (inverted nipple). […] It is common for men to delay reporting the lump to a physician, which can result in the patient being diagnosed at a later stage when the cancer is harder to treat. […] Early detection of breast cancer increases treatment options and often reduces the risk of dying from breast cancer for men and women alike.

• #3 Can men get breast cancer? 10 things to know | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/male-breast-cancer-what-men-should-know.h00-158826489.html

  The most common symptom of male breast cancer is a painless lump in the chest. The lump is typically under the nipple or close to the nipple. […] Sometimes, men will notice a hard mass stuck to the chest wall. Men have less breast tissue than women, so its common for a tumor to attach to the skin. This may look like a skin ulcer. […] Other symptoms of male breast cancer can include: Bloody discharge from the nipple, Nipple inversion. […] If the cancer has spread beyond the breast, symptoms may include: Lymph nodes in the armpit, Pain, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] On average, male breast cancer tends to be diagnosed in its later stages. This could be due to a few reasons: Unlike women, men do not get routine screening mammograms. Many men are not aware they can get breast cancer, so they may not see a doctor for symptoms. Some doctors do not have much experience diagnosing male breast cancer, so it can get overlooked in its early stages. […] Male breast cancer is curable in most cases. Curability depends on the cancers stage at diagnosis. […] In general, the survival rate for men diagnosed with breast cancer is slightly lower than it is for women. On average, men are diagnosed at an older age and when the disease is more advanced.

• #3 About Breast Cancer in Men | Breast Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html

  The most common symptoms of breast cancer in men are: A lump or swelling in the breast. […] Redness or flaky skin in the breast. […] Irritation or dimpling of breast skin. […] Nipple discharge. […] Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area. […] These symptoms can happen with other conditions that are not cancer. If you have any symptoms or changes, see your doctor right away.

• #3 Male Breast Cancer

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5351429/

  The most common presentations are painless palpable mass, skin ulceration, and nipple retraction or discharge in approximately 75% of the cases, similar to women. […] The mass is frequently localized to the subareolar region. It is seen less frequently in the upper outer quadrant. The left breast is involved more frequently than the right; 1% of the cases are bilateral. […] Male patients are frequently at a higher age than female breast cancer (FBC) at diagnosis (5-10 years older) and at a higher stage. […] It is evident that the disease is diagnosed at more advanced stages in men as compared to women. In fact, more than 40% of the patients are already at stage 3 or 4 when they present to the clinic. The lesser amount of breast tissue in men also results in the involvement of chest wall at an early stage.

• #3 Male Breast Cancer | Cooper University Health Care

  https://www.cooperhealth.org/services/breast-cancer/male-breast-cancer

  Male breast cancer accounts for less than one percent of all breast cancer cases, however, the five-year survival of men with breast cancer is lower than that of women. […] Treatments tend to be less effective when men fail to get tested or pay attention to the possible signs of male breast cancer, and delay treatment. […] Breast cancer symptoms are similar for both men and women. Some of the other common symptoms of breast cancer include: A lump or thickening around the breast or underarm. This can include a mass, skin irritation, or swelling. A variation in the size or shape of the breast. A variation in the color or feel of the skin of the breast, areola, or nipple. This can include puckered, swollen, scaly, red or dimpled skin. Nipple discharge, erosion, inversion, or tenderness. It is important to consult a physician when you notice any changes in your breasts.

• #3 Male Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer Trials

  https://www.breastcancertrials.org.au/male-breast-cancer/?srsltid=AfmBOoqDW510RtrXOZ1ndkdXZAKEn8QxCCrfCgGDjYltBbBCgl4i-XI1

  The survival rates for male breast cancer can vary based on several factors. These include the stage of the cancer, a persons age and general health, and how well the treatment plan works. If the cancer is located only in the breast, the average 5-year male breast cancer survival rate is approximately 87%. […] Breast cancer is a bit more aggressive in males, because its detected late, it is more advanced and so, the disease progression characteristics are a bit more advanced. […] While breast cancer is uncommon in men, its important for men who find a change in their breasts to see their doctor without delay.

• #3 Breast cancer in men | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/breast-cancer/breast-cancer-in-men

  Breast cancer symptoms in men include a painless lump under the nipple or areola. […] Other symptoms may include: a nipple turning in (inverted nipple), changes in the size or shape of the breast, an eczema-like rash on the nipple, discharge or bleeding from the nipple, a swelling or lump in either armpit, and an ulcer on the skin of the breast. […] If you notice any change, you should visit your GP straight away. If breast cancer is diagnosed and treated early, the more successful treatment is likely to be.

• #3 Early-Stage Male Breast Cancer: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://ssohospitals.com/blogs/early-stage-male-breast-cancer/

  The most common symptoms of early-stage breast cancer include: […] A painless lump or thickening in the breast tissue […] Changes in the skin, such as redness, dimpling, or puckering […] Nipple discharge, often bloody or clear […] Inverted or retracted nipple […] Swelling or tenderness in the breast area. […] It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, such as gynecomastia (enlarged breasts in men). […] By recognizing the symptoms and seeking medical evaluation, men can improve their chances of successful treatment and long-term survival.

• #3

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/breast-cancer-men/

  Breast cancer is often thought of as something that only affects women, but men can get it in rare cases. It can grow in the small amount of breast tissue men have behind their nipples. […] The symptoms of breast cancer in men include: a lump in the breast – this is usually hard and painless, the nipple turning inwards, fluid oozing from the nipple (nipple discharge), which may be streaked with blood, a sore or rash around the nipple that does not go away, the nipple or surrounding skin becoming hard, red or swollen, small bumps in the armpit (swollen glands). […] It’s very unlikely you have cancer, but it’s best to get your symptoms checked. Your GP will examine your breast and can refer you for tests and scans for breast cancer if needed. […] The outlook for breast cancer in men varies depending on how far it has spread by the time it’s diagnosed. It may be possible to cure breast cancer if it’s found early. A cure is much less likely if the cancer is found after it has spread beyond the breast. In these cases, treatment can relieve your symptoms and help you live longer.

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