Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hepatitis B Vaccine | Hepatitis B | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/vaccination/index.html

  The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting vaccinated. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. […] CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccine for all infants. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe for pregnant women. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. It gives you long-term protection against illness from acute and chronic infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is available now. Talk to your doctor to get vaccinated.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/hepatitis-b-is-preventable-with-safe-and-effective-vaccines

  Hepatitis B is preventable with safe and effective vaccines. […] Immunization is the primary tool for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. […] Reaching younger groups with timely vaccination (ideally within 24 hours of birth) and with at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine is the core strategy for prevention. […] Vaccination is the main prevention method against hepatitis B infection. […] The hepatitis B vaccines currently available are inexpensive, safe and effective. […] They protect against hepatitis B in more than 95% of healthy infants, children and young adults. […] WHO recommends that all infants receive the complete series of hepatitis B vaccine. […] The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be given to newborns as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours.

• #3 What is Hepatitis B? – HEPLISAV-B® (Recombinant), Adjuvanted

  https://www.heplisavb.com/about-hepatitis-b/

  Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that can be prevented by a vaccine. […] Prevention is best achieved through vaccination. […] The CDC recommends vaccination against hepatitis B for all eligible adults. […] The hepatitis B vaccine is considered among the world’s first anti-cancer vaccines because it helps prevent chronic hepatitis B infections, thereby helping to prevent liver cancer caused by the hepatitis B virus. […] HEPLISAVB is a shot given to adults 18 years of age and older to help prevent infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. […] Vaccination with HEPLISAVB may not protect all individuals.

• #4 Prevention of Hepatitis B

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4355249/

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes life-threatening liver disease. It is transmitted through a horizontal route or a mother-to-infant route, and the latter is the major route in endemic areas. Prevention of HBV infection by immunization is the best way to eliminate HBV-related diseases. The HBV vaccine is the first human vaccine using a viral antigen from infected persons, which is safe and effective. Either passive immunization by hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) or active immunization by HBV vaccine is effective, and a combination of both yields the best efficacy in preventing HBV infection. The impact of universal HBV immunization is huge, with 90%95% effectiveness in preventing chronic HBV infection. It is the first cancer preventive vaccine with a protective efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of 70%. Nevertheless, further effort is still needed to avoid vaccine failure and to increase the global coverage rate.

• #5 What’s the deal with viral hepatitis vaccination? | AASLD

  https://www.aasld.org/liver-fellow-network/core-series/why-series/whats-deal-viral-hepatitis-vaccination

  For vaccinated individuals, no postexposure prophylaxis is needed. For unvaccinated individuals or those who did not respond to vaccination, vaccination and HBIG is recommended. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all unvaccinated travelers under 60 years old and is also recommended for travelers 60 years and older going to a country where hepatitis B virus infection is common. […] Universal vaccination efforts against HBV have had a significant impact not only in preventing HBV, but also in reduction of incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma!

• #6 Hepatitis B Foundation: Hepatitis B Vaccination

  https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/

  Every person may be at some risk for a hepatitis B infection during their lifetime, so all people should consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine. […] The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor’s office and local health department or clinic. All doses of the vaccine are required in order to be fully protected against hepatitis B. […] To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your antibody titers that will confirm whether the vaccination was successful. […] In November 2017, a vaccine was approved by the FDA for use in the U.S. Heplisav-B (Dynavax) is a two-dose vaccine approved for use in adults aged 18 and older. The vaccine is administered as two doses given one-month apart. […] More than 1 billion doses of the hepatitis B vaccine have been given worldwide and it is considered one of the safest and most effective vaccines ever made.

• #7 Hepatitis B Foundation: Hepatitis B Vaccination

  https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/

  It takes only a few shots to protect yourself and your loved ones against hepatitis B for a lifetime. The hepatitis B vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine that is recommended for all infants at birth and for children up to 18 years. The hepatitis B vaccine is also recommended for adults living with diabetes and those at high risk for infection due to their jobs, lifestyle, living situations, or country of birth. Since everyone is at some risk, all adults should seriously consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine for a lifetime protection against a preventable chronic liver disease. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the hepatitis B vaccine for all newborns, children up to 18 years of age, and all adults at higher risk for infection (see below for risk factors). […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the hepatitis B vaccine for all newborns, children up to age 18, adults 19-59 years of age, and adults 60 and older who are at high-risk for infection (see below for risk factors).

• #8 Understanding the Updated Hepatitis B Vaccination Recommendations and Guidance | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/fpm/issues/2023/0900/hepatitis-b-vaccination-recommendations.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) currently recommends universal hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination for any individual from infancy through 59 years.1 The new recommendation follows the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidance, as they expanded their recommendations for HepB vaccination in April 2022 to include universal HepB vaccination for all adults 19-59 years. […] The recent expansion of the HepB vaccine recommendations is an important public health intervention since Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent HBV [hepatitis B virus] infection and its consequences.2 These effects can include chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and even death.3 […] Universal hepatitis B or HepB vaccination is now recommended from birth through 59 years.

• #9 Hepatitis B – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802

  A vaccine can prevent infection with the hepatitis B virus. […] The hepatitis B vaccine is the main way to prevent infection with HBV. The vaccine is given as two shots one month apart, or three or four shots over six months. How many shots you get depends on the type of hepatitis B vaccine that you’re given. You can’t get hepatitis B from the vaccine. […] In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that infants get their first shot of the vaccine after they’re born. If you didn’t get vaccinated as a baby or child, the committee still recommends the vaccine for everyone through age 59. If you’re age 60 or older and haven’t gotten vaccinated, get the vaccine if you’re at risk of being exposed to the hepatitis B virus. People 60 and over who haven’t been vaccinated and are not at high risk also can choose to get the vaccine.

• #10

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/hepatitis-b-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know.aspx

  Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B. […] Most people who are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine are immune for life. […] The birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine is an important part of preventing long-term illness in infants and the spread of hepatitis B in the United States. […] Anyone 59 years of age or younger who has not yet gotten the vaccine should be vaccinated. […] Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for adults 60 years or older at increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B who were not vaccinated previously. […] Pregnant or breastfeeding people should be vaccinated if they are at risk for getting hepatitis B. Pregnancy or breastfeeding are not reasons to avoid hepatitis B vaccination.

• #11 Prevention of Hepatitis B

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4355249/

  Immunization against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is remarkably effective in preventing HBV infection. Nevertheless, additional efforts to avoid vaccine failure and to increase the global coverage rate are needed. […] For hepatitis B, prevention is more effective than therapy. Despite the progress of antiviral therapy against HBV to suppress viral replication and to reduce complications in those with chronic hepatitis B, a cure for infection is still not possible. Hence, prevention of HBV infection by immunization is the best way to eliminate HBV-related diseases. […] The best timing of initial HBV immunization, therefore, should be within 24 h after birth, followed by subsequent doses of HBV vaccine during infancy. […] Education to avoid high-risk behaviors should be advocated in addition to vaccination.

• #12 Hepatitis B – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802

  The hepatitis B vaccine is strongly recommended for: Newborns. Children and adolescents not vaccinated at birth. Those who work or live in centers for people who have developmental disabilities. People who live with someone who has hepatitis B. Healthcare workers, emergency workers and other people who come into contact with blood. Anyone who has a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV. People born male who have sex with men. People who have multiple sexual partners. Sexual partners of someone who has hepatitis B. People who inject street drugs or share needles and syringes. People with chronic liver disease. People with end-stage kidney disease. Travelers planning to go to an area of the world with a high HBV infection rate. […] Other ways to lower your risk of infection with the hepatitis B virus include: Know the HBV status of any sexual partner. Don’t have sex without a condom unless you know that your partner doesn’t have hepatitis B or another sexually transmitted infection. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex if you don’t know the health status of your partner. Condoms can lower your risk of catching HBV, but they don’t get rid of the risk completely. Don’t use street drugs. If you use drugs, get help to stop. If you can’t stop, use a sterile needle each time you inject drugs. Never share needles. Be cautious about body piercing and tattooing. If you want to get a piercing or tattoo, look for a reputable shop. Ask about how the equipment is cleaned. Make sure the employees use sterile needles. If you can’t get answers, look for another shop. Ask about the hepatitis B vaccine before you travel. If you’re traveling to a region where hepatitis B is common, ask your healthcare professional about the hepatitis B vaccine in advance. It’s usually given in a series of three shots over a six-month period.

• #13 Hepatitis B Prevention – Hep

  https://www.hepmag.com/basics/liver-health/can-hepatitis-b-prevention

  The vaccine is recommended for: Infants within 24 hours of birth, All children 18 years old or younger who have not been vaccinated previously, Sex partners or household contacts of individuals who are HBsAg positive, Sexually active people who are not in long-term, mutually monogamous relationships, Anyone seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection, Men who have sex with men, Injection drug users, People with hepatitis C virus and other chronic liver diseases, People with jobs in which there is a risk of infection, Residents and staff of facilities for developmentally disabled individuals, Travelers to regions with moderate or high rates of HBV infection, Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, People living with HIV, Anyone receiving care in a correctional setting, All other persons seeking protection against HBV.

• #14 Core Concepts – HBV Immunizations – Prevention of HBV – Hepatitis B Online

  https://www.hepatitisb.uw.edu/go/prevention-hbv/hbv-immunizations/core-concept/all

  Prevaccination serologic testing has two potential roles: to identify persons with existing immunity to HBV who do not require vaccination and to detect persons with chronic active HBV. If hepatitis B vaccination is administered to persons who are already immune to HBV (or chronically infected with HBV), it does not increase the risk for vaccine-related adverse events. […] In general, routine prevaccination serologic testing is not recommended in settings where background immunity to hepatitis B is low, as it is not cost-effective. In populations with a high HBsAg prevalence or with a high risk for chronic HBV, prevaccination serologic testing may reduce costs by avoiding unnecessary vaccinations. […] There are currently three single-antigen hepatitis B vaccines approved for use in the United States: Engerix-B, Recombivax HB, and Heplisav-B.

• #15 Hepatitis B Prevention – Hep

  https://www.hepmag.com/basics/liver-health/can-hepatitis-b-prevention

  The best way to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV infection) is to be vaccinated. A new HBV vaccine (Heplisav-B) was approved for adults over age 18 years. Heplisav-B is given in two doses, one month apart. Two older HBV vaccines are available: Recombivax HB and Engerix-B. Both vaccines require three injections administered over a six-month period. The side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine are usually mild and may include soreness at the injection site and mild flulike symptoms. […] A combined hepatitis A (HAV) and HBV vaccine is available (Twinrix), which also requires three injections administered over a six-month period but offers the added advantage of protecting against both viral infections. […] In clinical trials, Heplisav-B was effective 95 percent in adults. Older HBV vaccines are generally effective for more than 90 percent of adults and children who receive all three doses.

• #16 Hepatitis B (HepB) Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/hepatitis-b-hepb-vaccine

  The main precaution with HepB vaccine is moderate or severe illness with or without a fever (vaccination is postponed until the illness resolves). […] The vaccine is typically given to children in a 3-dose series at age 0 months, at 1 to 2 months, and at 6 to 18 months. […] If people are not vaccinated or not completely vaccinated, the missing doses should be given to complete the 3-dose HepB series.

• #17 Hepatitis B Foundation: Hepatitis B Vaccination

  https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/

  Every person may be at some risk for a hepatitis B infection during their lifetime, so all people should consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine. […] The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor’s office and local health department or clinic. All doses of the vaccine are required in order to be fully protected against hepatitis B. […] To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your antibody titers that will confirm whether the vaccination was successful. […] In November 2017, a vaccine was approved by the FDA for use in the U.S. Heplisav-B (Dynavax) is a two-dose vaccine approved for use in adults aged 18 and older. The vaccine is administered as two doses given one-month apart. […] More than 1 billion doses of the hepatitis B vaccine have been given worldwide and it is considered one of the safest and most effective vaccines ever made.

• #18 Hepatitis B Foundation: Hepatitis B Vaccination

  https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/

  Every person may be at some risk for a hepatitis B infection during their lifetime, so all people should consider getting the hepatitis B vaccine. […] The hepatitis B vaccine is available at your doctor’s office and local health department or clinic. All doses of the vaccine are required in order to be fully protected against hepatitis B. […] To be certain that you are protected against hepatitis B, ask for a simple blood test to check your antibody titers that will confirm whether the vaccination was successful. […] In November 2017, a vaccine was approved by the FDA for use in the U.S. Heplisav-B (Dynavax) is a two-dose vaccine approved for use in adults aged 18 and older. The vaccine is administered as two doses given one-month apart. […] More than 1 billion doses of the hepatitis B vaccine have been given worldwide and it is considered one of the safest and most effective vaccines ever made.

• #19

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  Prophylactic treatment to prevent infection after exposure to HBV should be considered in the following situations: perinatal exposure of an infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother, inadvertent percutaneous or permucosal exposure to HBsAg-positive blood, sexual exposure to an HBsAg-positive person, and household exposure of an infant 12 months of age to a primary care-giver who has acute hepatitis B. […] For an infant with perinatal exposure to an HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive mother, a regimen combining one dose of HBIG at birth with the hepatitis B vaccine series started soon after birth is 85%-95% effective in preventing development of the HBV carrier state. […] Recommendations on postexposure prophylaxis are based on available efficacy data and on the likelihood of future HBV exposure for the person requiring treatment. In all exposures, a regimen combining HBIG with hepatitis B vaccine will provide both short- and long-term protection, will be less costly than the two-dose HBIG treatment alone, and is the treatment of choice.

• #20 Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Pocket Guide – Pediatric – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/hepatitis/b/perinatal/pocketped.html

  Test ALL pregnant women during an early prenatal visit in EACH pregnancy, even if tested before or previously vaccinated. […] After delivery: ALL infants should receive: If mother’s HBsAg status is: Also give infant: Hep B vaccine within 12 hours of birth Positive HBIG within 12 hours of birth Negative No HBIG needed Unknown (at discharge) Give HBIG if test positive (must be given within 7 days of birth) […] Completion of hepatitis B vaccine series at 1-2 months and 6 months of age. […] Administration of 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine is permissible when giving combination vaccines after the birth dose.

• #21

  https://publichealth.harriscountytx.gov/Divisions-Offices/Divisions/Community-Health-Wellness-Division/Immunization-Program/Perinatal-Hep-B-Prevention-Program

  The Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program aims to provide resources and technical support to local health departments and public health regions to identify, provide surveillance, and prevent perinatal hepatitis B. […] Established in 1991, the Texas Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program works alongside public and private healthcare providers and coalitions to prevent perinatal hepatitis B transmission. […] Ensure that infants of HBsAg-positive pregnant women receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine at birth. […] Ensure that infants complete the hepatitis B vaccine series and serological testing. […] Vaccinate at risk contacts and conduct serological testing.

• #22 Hepatitis B disease info and PEP treatment | HyperHEP® S/D

  https://www.hyperhepb.com/en/hcp/hepatitis-b

  Postexposure Prophylaxis for Hepatitis B […] For individuals who have been exposed to hepatitis B, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends PEP within approximately 24 hours. […] Hepatitis B immune globulin (human) should be administered intramuscularly to the newborn infant after physiologic stabilization of the infant and preferably within 12 hours of birth. Hepatitis B immune globulin (human) efficacy decreases markedly if treatment is delayed beyond 48 hours. […] For persons who refuse hepatitis B vaccine, a second dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (human) should be given 1 month after the first dose. […] Efficacy of prophylactic hepatitis B immune globulin (human) (HBIG) in infants at risk depends on administering HBIG on the day of birth. It is therefore vital that HBsAg-positive mothers be identified before delivery.

• #23

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  Prophylactic treatment to prevent infection after exposure to HBV should be considered in the following situations: perinatal exposure of an infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother, inadvertent percutaneous or permucosal exposure to HBsAg-positive blood, sexual exposure to an HBsAg-positive person, and household exposure of an infant 12 months of age to a primary care-giver who has acute hepatitis B. […] For an infant with perinatal exposure to an HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive mother, a regimen combining one dose of HBIG at birth with the hepatitis B vaccine series started soon after birth is 85%-95% effective in preventing development of the HBV carrier state. […] Recommendations on postexposure prophylaxis are based on available efficacy data and on the likelihood of future HBV exposure for the person requiring treatment. In all exposures, a regimen combining HBIG with hepatitis B vaccine will provide both short- and long-term protection, will be less costly than the two-dose HBIG treatment alone, and is the treatment of choice.

• #24 Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program

  https://www.nnph.org/programs-and-services/cchs/maternal-child-health/perinatal-hepatitis-b-prevention-program.php

  A follow-up system is in place to help ensure that infants born to HBsAg-positive women receive appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis. […] In addition, all household and sexual contacts of pregnant women with hepatitis B should be tested for hepatitis B. If susceptible, contacts should receive the 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccine. […] Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine are given within 12 hours of birth. […] Infants born to HBsAg-positive women should receive post-vaccination serological testing. This screens for HBsAg (to see if they have hepatitis B) and anti-HBs (to see if they have adequate protection against hepatitis B). This follow-up testing should be done at 9-12 months of age. Testing should not be completed prior to 9 months of age.

• #25

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  Prophylactic treatment to prevent infection after exposure to HBV should be considered in the following situations: perinatal exposure of an infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother, inadvertent percutaneous or permucosal exposure to HBsAg-positive blood, sexual exposure to an HBsAg-positive person, and household exposure of an infant 12 months of age to a primary care-giver who has acute hepatitis B. […] For an infant with perinatal exposure to an HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive mother, a regimen combining one dose of HBIG at birth with the hepatitis B vaccine series started soon after birth is 85%-95% effective in preventing development of the HBV carrier state. […] Recommendations on postexposure prophylaxis are based on available efficacy data and on the likelihood of future HBV exposure for the person requiring treatment. In all exposures, a regimen combining HBIG with hepatitis B vaccine will provide both short- and long-term protection, will be less costly than the two-dose HBIG treatment alone, and is the treatment of choice.

• #26 Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/about/phd/idb/phbp/

  Hepatitis B infection can be prevented. Post-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine in the first 12 hours of life is 95% effective at preventing this serious disease. […] The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends all infants should receive the hepatitis B vaccine series, and that the first dose be administered within 24 hours of birth. […] In New Mexico, hepatitis B vaccine is available at no cost to children (ages 0-18) through the Vaccines for Children program and to eligible adults through the Hepatitis Prevention program. […] Adult immunization is recommended for anyone seeking protection from HBV infection, household, sex, and needle-sharing contacts of HBsAg-positive persons, healthcare and public safety workers, injection drug users, people with more than one sex partner, men who have sex with men, people infected with HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases, people with end-stage renal disease or chronic liver disease, travelers to regions with high or intermediate HBsAg prevalence, and people with diabetes.

• #27 Prevention of Hepatitis B

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4355249/

  The immunogenicity of the hepatitis B virus vaccine was studied in 38 neonates of noncarrier mothers, 23 of whom were healthy and susceptible to HBV infection, and 15 who had anti-HBs passively acquired from their mothers. […] Active immunization with three or four doses of HBV vaccine without HBIG was proved to be immunogenic in more than 90% of infants of noncarrier mothers or HBeAg-negative carrier mothers. […] A pilot clinical trial combining active and passive immunization with injection of HBIG within 24 h after birth followed by three doses of HBV vaccine further reduced the HBsAg carrier rate to 3% in infants. […] The best result of HBV prevention against perinatal transmission of HBV infection by highly infectious mothers was thus established to be the combination of HBIG with the hepatitis B vaccine.

• #28

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  For any exposure of a person not previously vaccinated, hepatitis B vaccination is recommended. […] All susceptible persons whose sex partners have acute hepatitis B infection should receive a single dose of HBIG (0.06 mL/kg) and should begin the hepatitis B vaccine series if prophylaxis can be started within 14 days of the last sexual contact or if sexual contact with the infected person will continue. Administering the vaccine with HBIG may improve the efficacy of postexposure treatment. The vaccine has the added advantage of conferring long-lasting protection. […] Prophylaxis of an infant less than 12 months of age with HBIG (0.5 mL) and hepatitis B vaccine is indicated if the mother or primary care-giver has acute HBV infection.

• #29 Controlling Spread of Hepatitis B | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/hepatitis-b-0

  Immunization of contacts: Products available for postexposure prophylaxis include hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine. […] The hepatitis B vaccine should be given within 12 hours of birth while awaiting HBsAg test results on the mother. If the mother is determined to be positive, the infant should receive HBIG as soon as possible, within 7 days of birth. This child should then complete the 3-dose hepatitis B vaccination series according to the table in Section 3) B. […] Unvaccinated infants exposed to a primary caretaker with acute hepatitis B should receive HBIG (0.5 mL) and should initiate and complete the 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine series according to the table above as soon as possible. […] Sexual contacts of a person with acute hepatitis B, if susceptible, should receive a single dose of HBIG (0.06 mL/kg), if the HBIG can be given within 14 days of the last sexual exposure. In addition, sexual contacts should initiate and complete a 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccine according to the table in Section 3) D.

• #30

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  For any exposure of a person not previously vaccinated, hepatitis B vaccination is recommended. […] All susceptible persons whose sex partners have acute hepatitis B infection should receive a single dose of HBIG (0.06 mL/kg) and should begin the hepatitis B vaccine series if prophylaxis can be started within 14 days of the last sexual contact or if sexual contact with the infected person will continue. Administering the vaccine with HBIG may improve the efficacy of postexposure treatment. The vaccine has the added advantage of conferring long-lasting protection. […] Prophylaxis of an infant less than 12 months of age with HBIG (0.5 mL) and hepatitis B vaccine is indicated if the mother or primary care-giver has acute HBV infection.

• #31

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  For any exposure of a person not previously vaccinated, hepatitis B vaccination is recommended. […] All susceptible persons whose sex partners have acute hepatitis B infection should receive a single dose of HBIG (0.06 mL/kg) and should begin the hepatitis B vaccine series if prophylaxis can be started within 14 days of the last sexual contact or if sexual contact with the infected person will continue. Administering the vaccine with HBIG may improve the efficacy of postexposure treatment. The vaccine has the added advantage of conferring long-lasting protection. […] Prophylaxis of an infant less than 12 months of age with HBIG (0.5 mL) and hepatitis B vaccine is indicated if the mother or primary care-giver has acute HBV infection.

• #32 Controlling Spread of Hepatitis B | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/hepatitis-b-0

  All household contacts, including infants, of persons with chronic hepatitis B, if susceptible, should initiate and complete the 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccine according to the table in Sections 3) D. […] The Iowa Department of Public Health recommends hepatitis B vaccine for the following groups: All newborns should receive monovalent hepatitis B vaccine soon after birth and before hospital discharge. […] Following the birth dose, the hepatitis B series should be completed with either monovalent hepatitis B or a combination vaccine containing hepatitis B. The second dose should be administered at 1-2 months of age. The final dose should be administered at 6 months of age. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is required for all children who enroll in kindergarten if born on or after July 1, 1994. […] Adults at risk for HBV infection include: People who have more than one sex partner in 6 months, Men who have sex with other men, Sex contacts of infected people, People who inject illegal drugs, People whose jobs expose them to human blood.

• #33

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

  For any exposure of a person not previously vaccinated, hepatitis B vaccination is recommended. […] All susceptible persons whose sex partners have acute hepatitis B infection should receive a single dose of HBIG (0.06 mL/kg) and should begin the hepatitis B vaccine series if prophylaxis can be started within 14 days of the last sexual contact or if sexual contact with the infected person will continue. Administering the vaccine with HBIG may improve the efficacy of postexposure treatment. The vaccine has the added advantage of conferring long-lasting protection. […] Prophylaxis of an infant less than 12 months of age with HBIG (0.5 mL) and hepatitis B vaccine is indicated if the mother or primary care-giver has acute HBV infection.

• #34 Hepatitis B vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-7-hepatitis-b-vaccine.html

  HB vaccine is 95% to 100% effective pre-exposure. […] Routine HB immunization is recommended for all children. […] Pre-exposure HB immunization is recommended for high-risk groups. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be offered to: infants born to HB-infected mothers, susceptible persons potentially exposed to blood or bodily fluids containing HB virus, susceptible household and sexual contacts of an acute case or chronic carrier of HB. […] HB vaccination and 1 dose of HBIg administered within 24 hours after birth are 85% to 95% effective in preventing infection in HB exposed neonates. […] HB vaccine is highly effective in preventing HB infection when provided within one week of percutaneous or mucosal exposure to HB-positive blood, or within two weeks of sexual exposure to HB-positive persons. […] For post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), HB vaccine is the most important intervention, providing 90% of the protection from hepatitis B. HBIg, through immediate short-term passive immunity, may provide additional protection.

• #35 Prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection reactivation – recommendations of the Working Group for prevention of HBV reactivation

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6781818/

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. […] The risk of HBV reactivation rises significantly when HBV-infected patients receive immunosuppressive treatments. […] According to the recommendations, the prophylaxis of HBV reactivation and the treatment of HBV infection diagnosed during immunosuppression should be based on nucleoside or nucleotide analogues (NAs) with high potency. […] Patients without any of the above three serological markers of HBV infection should be considered for vaccination against hepatitis B. […] It is advisable to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination 4 to 6 weeks after the final dose. […] HBsAg-positive individuals with detectable HBV-DNA should receive NA prophylaxis regardless of the level of HBV reactivation risk.

• #36 Hepatitis B virus prophylaxis in immunocompromised adults

  https://www.eviq.org.au/clinical-resources/side-effect-and-toxicity-management/prophylaxis-and-treatment/1382-hepatitis-b-virus-prophylaxis-in-immunocompro

  Recommendations for antiviral prophylaxis with a potent, high barrier to resistance nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (i.e. entecavir or tenofovir) is recommended over lamivudine. […] Antiviral prophylaxis is recommended for all HBsAg positive patients with haematological malignancy or solid tumour undergoing therapy. […] Antiviral prophylaxis is recommended to prevent the reactivation of hepatitis B in patients who are: HBsAg positive with haematological or solid tumour malignancy undergoing anti-cancer therapy; HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive and undergoing higher risk anti-cancer therapy. […] No antiviral prophylaxis is required for patients undergoing lower risk anti-cancer therapy who are HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc positive or who have no evidence of previous exposure to HBV.

• #37 Prevention of Hepatitis B Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Therapy Hepatitis B – Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease

  https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hbv/reactivation-prevention.asp

  Test all patients for HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb Total (IgG) (if not done in the last 6 months). […] Immunize for HBV if the patient is not exposed (HbcAb is negative) nor immune (HBcAB and HBsAb are both negative). Note, immunizations may be effective if given less than 4 weeks prior to a B cell depleting agent such as Rituximab and may need to be offered 6 months after completion of therapy. […] If the HBV DNA is detectable, or if there is evidence of advanced liver disease, refer the patient to a hepatology or infectious disease specialist for evaluation. Chemotherapy for cancer should not be delayed and HBV antiviral prophylaxis can be initiated until a risk assessment is completed. […] If the patient is high or moderate risk, refer to Table 3: HBV Antiviral Medication Options for reactivation prophylaxis.

• #38 Prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection reactivation – recommendations of the Working Group for prevention of HBV reactivation

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6781818/

  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. […] The risk of HBV reactivation rises significantly when HBV-infected patients receive immunosuppressive treatments. […] According to the recommendations, the prophylaxis of HBV reactivation and the treatment of HBV infection diagnosed during immunosuppression should be based on nucleoside or nucleotide analogues (NAs) with high potency. […] Patients without any of the above three serological markers of HBV infection should be considered for vaccination against hepatitis B. […] It is advisable to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination 4 to 6 weeks after the final dose. […] HBsAg-positive individuals with detectable HBV-DNA should receive NA prophylaxis regardless of the level of HBV reactivation risk.

• #39 Prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection reactivation – recommendations of the Working Group for prevention of HBV reactivation

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6781818/

  During immunosuppressive therapy, HBV-DNA should be monitored at intervals of not more than 3 months. […] The duration of prophylaxis and antiviral treatment in post-HSCT patients is not clearly defined, as it depends on the use of immunosuppressants and on the quality of immune reconstitution, but should be longer than 12 months. […] Vaccination against HBV should be administered to all patients over a period of 6-12 months, both after allo- and autoHSCT: 3 doses in patients with anti-HBs concentration 10 IU/l or 1 dose if the concentration of anti-HBs 10 IU/l.

• #40 Hepatitis B virus prophylaxis in immunocompromised adults

  https://www.eviq.org.au/clinical-resources/side-effect-and-toxicity-management/prophylaxis-and-treatment/1382-hepatitis-b-virus-prophylaxis-in-immunocompro

  Immunisation against hepatitis B is recommended for patients who are HBV naive and BMT donors. […] Entecavir or tenofovir is recommended as first-line antiviral therapy and should be initiated as soon as possible relative to the start of anti-cancer therapy. […] During antiviral prophylaxis, ALT and HBV DNA levels should be monitored every 3 months. […] Recommendations on the duration of antiviral prophylaxis differ across international guidelines, ranging from 6 to 12 months after the cessation of chemotherapy, and for 12 to 24 months after the cessation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or BMT to reduce the risk of HBV reactivation which may occur after the withdrawal of antiviral therapy.

• #41 Hepatitis B Vaccine | Hepatitis B | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/vaccination/index.html

  The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting vaccinated. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. […] CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccine for all infants. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe for pregnant women. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. It gives you long-term protection against illness from acute and chronic infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is available now. Talk to your doctor to get vaccinated.

• #42

  https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/hepatitis-b-is-preventable-with-safe-and-effective-vaccines

  Hepatitis B is preventable with safe and effective vaccines. […] Immunization is the primary tool for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. […] Reaching younger groups with timely vaccination (ideally within 24 hours of birth) and with at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine is the core strategy for prevention. […] Vaccination is the main prevention method against hepatitis B infection. […] The hepatitis B vaccines currently available are inexpensive, safe and effective. […] They protect against hepatitis B in more than 95% of healthy infants, children and young adults. […] WHO recommends that all infants receive the complete series of hepatitis B vaccine. […] The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be given to newborns as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours.

• #43

  https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/hepatitis-b-is-preventable-with-safe-and-effective-vaccines

  Hepatitis B is preventable with safe and effective vaccines. […] Immunization is the primary tool for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. […] Reaching younger groups with timely vaccination (ideally within 24 hours of birth) and with at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine is the core strategy for prevention. […] Vaccination is the main prevention method against hepatitis B infection. […] The hepatitis B vaccines currently available are inexpensive, safe and effective. […] They protect against hepatitis B in more than 95% of healthy infants, children and young adults. […] WHO recommends that all infants receive the complete series of hepatitis B vaccine. […] The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be given to newborns as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours.

• #44

  https://www.who.int/southeastasia/activities/hepatitis-b-is-preventable-with-safe-and-effective-vaccines

  The birth dose can effectively prevent mother-to-child transmission. […] The complete vaccine series induces immunity in more than 95% of infants, children and young adults. […] Protection lasts at least 20 years and is possibly lifelong. […] In addition to all infants, children and adolescents aged less than 18 years who have not previously received the hepatitis B vaccine should receive it if available. […] High risk groups include: people who frequently require blood or blood products, dialysis patients and recipients of solid organ transplantations; people interned in prisons; injecting drug users; household and sexual contacts of people with chronic hepatitis B infection; people with multiple sexual partners; health-care workers and others who may be exposed to blood and blood products through their work; and travellers who have not completed their hepatitis B vaccination series should be offered the vaccine before leaving for endemic areas.

• #45

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b

  Hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccines that are safe, available and effective. […] Hepatitis B can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. The vaccine is usually given soon after birth with boosters a few weeks later. It offers nearly 100% protection against the virus. […] Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine. All babies should receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth (within 24 hours). This is followed by two or three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at least four weeks apart. […] The vaccine protects against hepatitis B for at least 20 years and probably for life. […] Hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child. This can be prevented by taking antiviral medicines to prevent transmission, in addition to the vaccine. […] To reduce the risk of getting or spreading hepatitis B: practice safe sex by using condoms and reducing the number of sexual partners, avoid sharing needles or any equipment used for injecting drugs, piercing, or tattooing, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after coming into contact with blood, body fluids, or contaminated surfaces, get a hepatitis B vaccine if working in a healthcare setting.

• #46 Hepatitis B | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/diseases/hepatitis-b/index.html

  Hepatitis B is a common disease in the United States. The good news is that the hepatitis B vaccine gives 80% to 100% protection to people who get the vaccine. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. […] All children and most adults need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All children need to get the hepatitis B vaccine as part of their routine vaccine schedule. […] Unvaccinated children younger than 19 years also need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All adults aged 19 through 59 years, and 60 years and older with risk factors for hepatitis B should get the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is given in 3 doses. […] Talk with your doctor about how to protect your family from hepatitis B. […] Some people should not get the hepatitis B vaccine — or may need to wait to get it. […] Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very rare. […] Like any medicine, there’s a very small chance that the hepatitis B vaccine could cause a serious reaction. Keep in mind that getting the hepatitis B vaccine is much safer than getting hepatitis B.

• #47 Hepatitis B | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/diseases/hepatitis-b/index.html

  Hepatitis B is a common disease in the United States. The good news is that the hepatitis B vaccine gives 80% to 100% protection to people who get the vaccine. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. […] All children and most adults need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All children need to get the hepatitis B vaccine as part of their routine vaccine schedule. […] Unvaccinated children younger than 19 years also need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All adults aged 19 through 59 years, and 60 years and older with risk factors for hepatitis B should get the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is given in 3 doses. […] Talk with your doctor about how to protect your family from hepatitis B. […] Some people should not get the hepatitis B vaccine — or may need to wait to get it. […] Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very rare. […] Like any medicine, there’s a very small chance that the hepatitis B vaccine could cause a serious reaction. Keep in mind that getting the hepatitis B vaccine is much safer than getting hepatitis B.

• #48 Hepatitis B | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/immunization/diseases/hepatitis-b/index.html

  Hepatitis B is a common disease in the United States. The good news is that the hepatitis B vaccine gives 80% to 100% protection to people who get the vaccine. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B. […] All children and most adults need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All children need to get the hepatitis B vaccine as part of their routine vaccine schedule. […] Unvaccinated children younger than 19 years also need to get the hepatitis B vaccine. […] All adults aged 19 through 59 years, and 60 years and older with risk factors for hepatitis B should get the hepatitis B vaccine. The vaccine is given in 3 doses. […] Talk with your doctor about how to protect your family from hepatitis B. […] Some people should not get the hepatitis B vaccine — or may need to wait to get it. […] Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very rare. […] Like any medicine, there’s a very small chance that the hepatitis B vaccine could cause a serious reaction. Keep in mind that getting the hepatitis B vaccine is much safer than getting hepatitis B.

• #49 Hepatitis B (HepB) Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/hepatitis-b-hepb-vaccine

  The hepatitis B vaccine is 80 to 100% effective in preventing infection or clinical hepatitis B in people who complete the vaccine series. […] HepB vaccine is a routine childhood vaccination. […] HepB vaccine also is indicated for all adults aged 19 through 59 years who have not been previously vaccinated. […] Adults age 60 years or older without known risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection may receive a HepB vaccine series. […] The combination hepatitis A vaccine/hepatitis B vaccine can be used in people 18 years who have indications for either hepatitis A or hepatitis B vaccine and who have not been previously vaccinated with one of the vaccine components. […] The main contraindication for hepatitis B vaccine is a severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) after previous dose or to baker’s yeast or any vaccine component.

• #50 PreHevbrio Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) – VBI Vaccines

  https://www.prehevbrio.com/

  PreHevbrio is indicated for prevention of infection caused by all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus. PreHevbrio is approved for use in adults 18 years of age and older. […] Do not administer PreHevbrio to individuals with a history of severe allergic reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis) after a previous dose of any hepatitis B vaccine or to any component of PreHevbrio. […] Appropriate medical treatment and supervision must be available to manage possible anaphylactic reactions following administration of PreHevbrio. […] Immunocompromised persons, including those on immunosuppressant therapy, may have a diminished immune response to PreHevbrio. […] PreHevbrio may not prevent hepatitis B infection, which has a long incubation period, in individuals who have an unrecognized hepatitis B infection at the time of vaccine administration.

• #51 Hepatitis B (HepB) Vaccine – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/immunization/hepatitis-b-hepb-vaccine

  The main precaution with HepB vaccine is moderate or severe illness with or without a fever (vaccination is postponed until the illness resolves). […] The vaccine is typically given to children in a 3-dose series at age 0 months, at 1 to 2 months, and at 6 to 18 months. […] If people are not vaccinated or not completely vaccinated, the missing doses should be given to complete the 3-dose HepB series.

• #52 Hepatitis B Vaccine | Hepatitis B | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/vaccination/index.html

  The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting vaccinated. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. […] CDC recommends hepatitis B vaccine for all infants. […] Getting vaccinated is the best way to prevent hepatitis B infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe for pregnant women. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is safe and effective. It gives you long-term protection against illness from acute and chronic infection. […] Hepatitis B vaccine is available now. Talk to your doctor to get vaccinated.

• #53

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/hepatitis-b-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know.aspx

  Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B. […] Most people who are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine are immune for life. […] The birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine is an important part of preventing long-term illness in infants and the spread of hepatitis B in the United States. […] Anyone 59 years of age or younger who has not yet gotten the vaccine should be vaccinated. […] Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for adults 60 years or older at increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B who were not vaccinated previously. […] Pregnant or breastfeeding people should be vaccinated if they are at risk for getting hepatitis B. Pregnancy or breastfeeding are not reasons to avoid hepatitis B vaccination.

• #54 Hepatitis B Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Management, Surgical Intervention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177632-treatment

  HBV vaccination is safe in pregnancy, and nonimmune mothers should receive the vaccine series. […] At delivery, infants born to HBV-infected mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and HBV vaccine; thereafter, the recommended vaccination schedule should be completed. […] It is recommended that all infants receive their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth (24 hours preferred), followed by two or three doses to complete the primary series.

• #55 Core Concepts – HBV Immunizations – Prevention of HBV – Hepatitis B Online

  https://www.hepatitisb.uw.edu/go/prevention-hbv/hbv-immunizations/core-concept/all

  The overall responses to all hepatitis B vaccines in healthy children and adults have been very good. Lower responses have been seen in persons undergoing hemodialysis and immunocompromised persons, including persons with HIV. […] Postvaccination testing for levels of HBsAb is not recommended following routine hepatitis B immunization of infants, children, adolescents, or adults. The rationale for this recommendation is that most healthy persons have an excellent response to the hepatitis B vaccine series. […] For the estimated 5 to 10% of individuals who fail to develop a protective antibody response to an initial 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine series, a fourth vaccine dose or a second full 3-dose revaccination series can achieve a protective response in at least 50% of these persons.

• #56 Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in adults with HIV – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-of-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-adults-with-hiv

  Patients with HIV should be evaluated for evidence of HBV infection. Individuals should be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). […] The results of serologic testing are used to determine the need for vaccination and additional preventive interventions. As an example, patients who are negative for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and HBsAg have no evidence of immunity and should be vaccinated. There may also be a role for vaccinating those who have isolated anti-HBc. […] In patients with HIV who do not have evidence of immunity to HBV, there are several strategies to reduce to the risk of infection.

• #57 Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Adult and Adolescent OIs | NIH

  https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/hepatitis-b-virus

  All family members and sexual contacts of people with chronic HBV infection should be tested, and all susceptible household and sexual contacts should receive hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine regardless of whether they have HIV (AII). […] All people with HIV who are not immune to HBV infection (anti-HBc and anti-HBs negative) and do not have chronic HBV, as well as those who have failed a prior HBV vaccine series, should receive HepB vaccination with one of the available vaccines (AII). […] The preferred vaccine in previously unvaccinated adults is Heplisav-B given at 0 and 4 weeks (AII). […] Response to HepB vaccination, defined as anti-HBs 10 mIU/mL, should be documented 4 weeks after the last dose of vaccine (AII). […] In those who failed a prior vaccine series with Engerix-B or Recombivax HB, Heplisav-B at 0 and 4 weeks is recommended (AI), and a third dose at 24 weeks can be considered since three doses results in higher anti-HBs titers (BIII).

• #58 Hepatitis B | The Australian Immunisation Handbook

  https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/contents/vaccine-preventable-diseases/hepatitis-b

  Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for people with chronic liver disease and/or hepatitis C who are seronegative for hepatitis B. […] People who inject drugs are recommended to receive hepatitis B vaccine if they are not immune. […] Travellers to hepatitis B–endemic areas are recommended to receive hepatitis B vaccine in certain circumstances. […] Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen–positive are recommended to receive both hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG. […] Susceptible sexual partners of people who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen are recommended to receive post-exposure hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccination.

• #59 Prevention of Hepatitis B

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4355249/

  Hepatitis B vaccine provides protection against HBV infection and its complications, including fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC, as well as membranous nephropathy. […] An 90% reduction of chronic HBV infection rate has been achieved after the HBV immunization program. […] Prevention of chronic HBV infection by immunization can reduce the incidence of liver cancer.

• #60

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b

  Hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccines that are safe, available and effective. […] Hepatitis B can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. The vaccine is usually given soon after birth with boosters a few weeks later. It offers nearly 100% protection against the virus. […] Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine. All babies should receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth (within 24 hours). This is followed by two or three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at least four weeks apart. […] The vaccine protects against hepatitis B for at least 20 years and probably for life. […] Hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child. This can be prevented by taking antiviral medicines to prevent transmission, in addition to the vaccine. […] To reduce the risk of getting or spreading hepatitis B: practice safe sex by using condoms and reducing the number of sexual partners, avoid sharing needles or any equipment used for injecting drugs, piercing, or tattooing, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after coming into contact with blood, body fluids, or contaminated surfaces, get a hepatitis B vaccine if working in a healthcare setting.

• #61 Hepatitis B – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/symptoms-causes/syc-20366802

  The hepatitis B vaccine is strongly recommended for: Newborns. Children and adolescents not vaccinated at birth. Those who work or live in centers for people who have developmental disabilities. People who live with someone who has hepatitis B. Healthcare workers, emergency workers and other people who come into contact with blood. Anyone who has a sexually transmitted infection, including HIV. People born male who have sex with men. People who have multiple sexual partners. Sexual partners of someone who has hepatitis B. People who inject street drugs or share needles and syringes. People with chronic liver disease. People with end-stage kidney disease. Travelers planning to go to an area of the world with a high HBV infection rate. […] Other ways to lower your risk of infection with the hepatitis B virus include: Know the HBV status of any sexual partner. Don’t have sex without a condom unless you know that your partner doesn’t have hepatitis B or another sexually transmitted infection. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex if you don’t know the health status of your partner. Condoms can lower your risk of catching HBV, but they don’t get rid of the risk completely. Don’t use street drugs. If you use drugs, get help to stop. If you can’t stop, use a sterile needle each time you inject drugs. Never share needles. Be cautious about body piercing and tattooing. If you want to get a piercing or tattoo, look for a reputable shop. Ask about how the equipment is cleaned. Make sure the employees use sterile needles. If you can’t get answers, look for another shop. Ask about the hepatitis B vaccine before you travel. If you’re traveling to a region where hepatitis B is common, ask your healthcare professional about the hepatitis B vaccine in advance. It’s usually given in a series of three shots over a six-month period.

• #62 Hepatitis B Post-Exposure Treatment

  https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/post-exposure-treatment/

  If an uninfected, unvaccinated person – or anyone who does not know their hepatitis B status – is exposed to the hepatitis B virus through contact with infected blood, a timely postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) can prevent an infection and subsequent development of a chronic infection or liver disease. This means a person should seek immediate medical attention to start the hepatitis B vaccine series. […] In some circumstances a drug called hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is recommended in addition to the hepatitis B vaccine for added protection. […] Any person who is uninfected/unvaccinated or does not know their hepatitis B status should receive postexposure prophylaxis after contact with potentially infected blood. […] Neither pregnancy nor breastfeeding should be considered a contraindication to administration of the hepatitis B vaccination and HBIG to women.

• #63 Hepatitis B exposure – post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/clinical+programs+and+practice+guidelines/infectious+disease+control/hepatitis+b+exposure+pep/hepatitis+b+exposure+post+exposure+prophylaxis+pep

  Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver. […] After possible exposure to the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) can be used to decrease the chance of getting hepatitis B. […] Hepatitis B PEP must be given within 72 hours, though it is most effective if given as early as possible. […] Hepatitis B PEP is available from hospital emergency departments, although you may be able to get it through your workplace if your exposure was at work. […] If you, or someone you know, may have been exposed to hepatitis B through unsafe sex, sharing drug injecting equipment, needle stick injury or other exposure, hepatitis B PEP may prevent hepatitis B. […] Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended as part of the routine vaccinations for infants. Hepatitis B vaccination is also available free for people at higher risk of getting hepatitis B and recommended for people at higher risk of severe disease. […] In Australia, women who are pregnant are routinely tested for hepatitis B. If the mother has hepatitis B, her baby should be given hepatitis B PEP within 24 hours of birth.

• #64 Hepatitis B vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-7-hepatitis-b-vaccine.html

  HB vaccine is 95% to 100% effective pre-exposure. […] Routine HB immunization is recommended for all children. […] Pre-exposure HB immunization is recommended for high-risk groups. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be offered to: infants born to HB-infected mothers, susceptible persons potentially exposed to blood or bodily fluids containing HB virus, susceptible household and sexual contacts of an acute case or chronic carrier of HB. […] HB vaccination and 1 dose of HBIg administered within 24 hours after birth are 85% to 95% effective in preventing infection in HB exposed neonates. […] HB vaccine is highly effective in preventing HB infection when provided within one week of percutaneous or mucosal exposure to HB-positive blood, or within two weeks of sexual exposure to HB-positive persons. […] For post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), HB vaccine is the most important intervention, providing 90% of the protection from hepatitis B. HBIg, through immediate short-term passive immunity, may provide additional protection.

• #65 Prevention of Hepatitis B

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4355249/

  Hepatitis B vaccine provides protection against HBV infection and its complications, including fulminant hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC, as well as membranous nephropathy. […] An 90% reduction of chronic HBV infection rate has been achieved after the HBV immunization program. […] Prevention of chronic HBV infection by immunization can reduce the incidence of liver cancer.

• #66 Infectious Disease Experts Available to Discuss Hepatitis B Prevention – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease-experts-available-to-discuss-hepatitis-b-prevention/

  Hepatitis B Vaccination is Cancer Prevention […] The National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) has spokespersons, videos, and other resources available to help increase awareness about the importance of adult vaccination and screening for hepatitis B, a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). […] For decades now, routine vaccination of US infants and catch-up vaccination for children and teens has helped to protect young people, but far too many adults remain vulnerable. […] However, that changed in April 2022 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began recommending universal hepatitis B vaccination for all adults age 19-59 years, and those age 60 years or older with risk factors. […] More recently, in March 2023, the screening guidelines for hepatitis expanded and CDC now recommends that all adults age 18 years and older get tested for hepatitis B at least once in their lifetime.

• #67

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/assets/Prevention-Hepatitis-B-and-C/elimination-targets-progress.html

  Of the 24 countries with policies on post-exposure prophylaxis for infants born to mothers who have HBV, all (100%) reported that their policies included a birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, followed by two to three vaccine doses as per the childhood vaccination schedule. […] While 24 countries provide a birth dose vaccine to infants born of HBV positive mothers, only five countries in the EU/EEA provide a universal birth dose of the HBV vaccine. […] Countries should strengthen the implementation of harm reduction programmes aimed at PWID and sexual health programmes aimed at MSM, along with improved hepatitis prevention (e.g. HBV vaccination), testing, and treatment in community settings. […] Efforts to maximise coverage of HBV vaccination for children should be prioritised, especially given the concerning declines in vaccine coverage observed in some countries in recent years.

• #68 Hepatitis Vaccines – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/tag/hepatitis-vaccines

  The vaccine is also recommended for people not previously vaccinated, who are in high-risk groups to acquire the infection. […] The vaccine has been approved for use during pregnancy and is highly recommended for pregnant women who have not been previously immunized. […] The TAG assessed that elimination of mother-to-child and early childhood horizontal transmission of hepatitis B was feasible in the Americas by 2020 with high vaccination coverage of hepatitis B birth dose and infant hepatitis B vaccination. […] The current low prevalence of chronic HBV infection in children under 5 years of age in the Americas can be attributed to the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine in the Region. […] All 51 countries and territories in the Americas have introduced hepatitis B vaccine in their routine immunization schedules, with 81% of regional coverage with three doses among children less than one year of age in 2019. […] PAHO’s technical cooperation aims to provide guidance to national immunization programs for the introduction of universal hepatitis B birth dose and for maintenance of high infant vaccination coverage.

• #69 HEPLISAV-B® (Recombinant), Adjuvanted – Hepatitis B Vaccine

  https://www.heplisavbhcp.com/

  The ACIP recommends universal vaccination of all eligible adults against hepatitis B1 […] Although treatments are available, the best way to prevent it is through vaccination […] By routinely identifying eligible adults and recommending vaccination, we can help eliminate this deadly virus. The WHO and HHS have goals to eliminate the threat of hepatitis B by 2030. […] As of April 2022, the ACIP recommends hepatitis B vaccination for all adults aged 1959 and for adults aged 60 years with risk factors. Adults aged 60 years without risk factors may receive hepatitis B vaccination. […] Vaccination with HEPLISAVB may not result in protection of all vaccine recipients.

• #70

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/assets/Prevention-Hepatitis-B-and-C/elimination-targets-progress.html

  Of the 24 countries with policies on post-exposure prophylaxis for infants born to mothers who have HBV, all (100%) reported that their policies included a birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, followed by two to three vaccine doses as per the childhood vaccination schedule. […] While 24 countries provide a birth dose vaccine to infants born of HBV positive mothers, only five countries in the EU/EEA provide a universal birth dose of the HBV vaccine. […] Countries should strengthen the implementation of harm reduction programmes aimed at PWID and sexual health programmes aimed at MSM, along with improved hepatitis prevention (e.g. HBV vaccination), testing, and treatment in community settings. […] Efforts to maximise coverage of HBV vaccination for children should be prioritised, especially given the concerning declines in vaccine coverage observed in some countries in recent years.

Zobacz więcej