Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Vaginitis is a word for various conditions that cause inflammation or infection of your vagina. Vaginitis is common and treatable, but treatment depends on the underlying cause. […] You can get vaginitis from bacteria, fungi, parasites or other organisms, or chemicals in creams or personal hygiene products. […] It’s important to see a healthcare provider if you’ve noticed a change in the amount, color or smell of a discharge that persists beyond a few days. […] Getting a proper diagnosis is key to successful treatment. […] Your healthcare provider will recommend treatment for the specific cause of vaginitis. […] You should avoid having sex during treatment for vaginitis until your symptoms go away and/or until your medication is complete. […] Vaginitis is uncomfortable, but finding the cause and the right treatment can bring relief.

• #2 Vaginitis | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/adult-diseases-and-conditions-v0/vaginitis

  Vaginitis refers to any inflammation or infection of the vagina. It’s common in women of all ages. One-third of women have at least one form of vaginitis at some time during their lives. […] When the walls of the vagina become inflamed, because some irritant has disturbed the balance of the vaginal area, vaginitis can occur. […] Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginitis in women of reproductive age. This infection is caused by bacteria, not yeast. With a bacterial vaginosis infection, certain species of normal vaginal bacteria grow out of control and trigger inflammation. […] It is important to get prompt treatment for this condition if you are pregnant. Bacterial vaginosis can cause complications during pregnancy and, in some cases, has been linked to preterm delivery.

• #3 Vaginitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354707

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. The cause is usually a change in the balance of vaginal bacteria or an infection. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause and some skin disorders also can cause vaginitis. […] Treatment depends on the type of vaginitis you have. […] Vaginitis signs and symptoms can include: Change in color, odor or amount of discharge from your vagina, Vaginal itching or irritation, Pain during sex, Painful urination, Light vaginal bleeding or spotting. […] See your health care provider if you develop vaginal discomfort, especially if: You have a particularly unpleasant vaginal odor, discharge or itching. […] The cause depends on what type of vaginitis you have: Bacterial vaginosis. This most common type of vaginitis results from a change of the bacteria found in your vagina, upsetting the balance.

• #3 Vaginitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354707

  Factors that increase the risk of developing vaginitis include: Hormonal changes, such as those associated with pregnancy, birth control pills or menopause, Sexual activity, Having a sexually transmitted infection. […] Women with trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis are at a greater risk of getting sexually transmitted infections because of the inflammation caused by these disorders. […] Good hygiene might prevent some types of vaginitis from recurring and relieve some symptoms: Avoid baths, hot tubs and whirlpool spas. […] Other things that might help prevent vaginitis include: Avoid douching. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than regular showering. Repetitive douching disrupts the good organisms that live in the vagina and can increase your risk of vaginal infection.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of candidiasis vaginitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/womens-health/diagnosis-and-management-of-candidiasis-vaginitis-03-12-2002/

  Candidiasis vaginitis, or thrush, as it is more commonly known, is a fungal infection of the vagina. […] The British Society for Medical Mycology (1995) suggests that 75% of women are affected by vaginal thrush, making it one of the most common infections seen by family doctors. […] Many women present to the practice nurse embarrassed by their problem. […] They frequently have a poor understanding of the condition, and are in need of some basic education about its causes and treatment, as well as advice about its prevention. […] The most commonly presenting symptom is vulval and vaginal itching, with some women presenting with a vaginal discharge. […] Many women find these symptoms distressing and describe a burning itch, which becomes impossible to ignore. […] Symptoms can disturb sleep, make urination and sexual activity painful and affect daily activities because of the constant, distracting itch.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of candidiasis vaginitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/womens-health/diagnosis-and-management-of-candidiasis-vaginitis-03-12-2002/

  A full history of the symptoms should be taken, including duration of the problem, the colour and smell of any discharge, whether there is itching, likely contributory factors and any previous infections. […] Examination will commonly reveal vulval inflammation and fissuring and/or vaginitis with discharge. […] It is not always necessary to examine women who have thrush. […] A high vaginal swab can be taken to confirm the diagnosis in cases where the symptoms are not typical of thrush. […] Health education regarding the possible factors that contribute to thrush and ways to avoid them may prevent recurrence. […] Patients with recurrent thrush should be referred to a doctor, who may prescribe intermittent oral antifungal therapy or topical therapy using, for example, clotrimazole every two weeks to suppress symptoms.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of candidiasis vaginitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/womens-health/diagnosis-and-management-of-candidiasis-vaginitis-03-12-2002/

  Many nurses can recall women who have washed or douched several times a day or used disinfectants in a belief that this will cure or prevent the problem. […] Care should always be taken to ensure any underlying precipitating factors have not been missed. […] Women suffering from vaginal thrush should be dealt with empathetically. […] Nurses are ideally placed to offer relevant health education that will improve patients understanding of their condition, to reassure them and to offer advice that will help them reduce its recurrence.

• #4 Diagnosis and management of candidiasis vaginitis | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/womens-health/diagnosis-and-management-of-candidiasis-vaginitis-03-12-2002/

  Many vaginal thrush treatments are available over the counter from the local pharmacist. […] Women who recognise their symptoms as thrush will often treat themselves, following advice from the pharmacist. […] There are a number of non-pharmacological self-treatment regimes for vaginal thrush. […] The most common is the application of live yoghurt either to the vulva or inserted into the vagina using a tampon. […] There are a number of actions that can be taken to prevent vaginal thrush infection. […] Provide good ventilation to the genital area so as to reduce humidity and preclude the creation of favourable conditions for the Candida to thrive. […] Maintain normal vaginal flora so that the Candida are not given the opportunity to multiply. […] Avoid irritants or trauma to the vagina, as damaged tissue is more susceptible to infection.

• #5 Vaginitis: Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175101

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. It typically results from a bacterial or fungal infection. Possible symptoms include a discharge, itching, and possibly pain. Antibiotic or antifungal drugs can often treat vaginitis. […] Vaginitis can lead to severe irritation and discomfort. […] The most common symptoms of vaginitis include: irritation of the genital area, discharge that may be white, gray, watery, or foamy, inflammation, leading to redness and swelling of the labia majora, labia minora, and perineal area, mainly due to an excess of immune cells, dysuria, which is pain or discomfort when urinating, painful sexual intercourse, known as dyspareunia, foul or fishy vaginal odor. […] Infection is the most common cause of vaginitis, including candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis.

• #6 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/vaginitis/how-do-i-get-checked-and-treated-vaginitis

  If your vaginitis is caused by an allergy or irritation, the symptoms will usually go away when you stop using whatevers causing the problem. […] If your vaginitis is caused by low levels of estrogen, your doctor may give you a prescription for creams, pills, or vaginal rings that release estrogen into your body. […] No matter what type of vaginitis treatment you need, make sure you: Don’t use anybody else’s medicine. Even if your symptoms are similar, you may have a different infection or need a different kind of treatment. […] Go to a follow-up appointment with your doctor to make sure the treatment worked. […] You can get checked and treated for vaginitis at your local Planned Parenthood health center, community or reproductive health clinics, or your ob/gyn or family doctor.

• #7 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0301/p321.html

  Vaginitis is defined as any condition with symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, itching, or burning. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Diagnosis is made using a combination of symptoms, physical examination findings, and office-based or laboratory testing. Bacterial vaginosis is treated with oral metronidazole, intravaginal metronidazole, or intravaginal clindamycin. The diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis is made using a combination of clinical signs and symptoms with potassium hydroxide microscopy; DNA probe testing is also available. Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis involves oral fluconazole or topical azoles, although only topical azoles are recommended during pregnancy. Trichomoniasis is treated with oral metronidazole or tinidazole, and patients’ sex partners should be treated as well. Treatment of noninfectious vaginitis should be directed at the underlying cause. Atrophic vaginitis is treated with hormonal and nonhormonal therapies. Inflammatory vaginitis may improve with topical clindamycin as well as steroid application.

• #8 Vaginitis | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginitis

  There are a number of things you can do to reduce the risk of getting vaginitis: Do not use feminine hygiene sprays or scented tampons. Do not douche. It is better to let the vagina cleanse itself. Use plain warm water to clean the vulva. Soaps and detergents can change the normal balance of organisms inside the vagina. […] Atrophic vaginitis is treated with estrogen that is applied inside the vagina. It is available as a cream, tablet, or ring. A water-soluble lubricant may also be helpful during sex.

• #8 Vaginitis | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginitis

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. Vaginitis may cause itching, burning, a bad odor, or a large amount of discharge. It is one of the most common reasons for visiting an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn). There are many possible causes of vaginitis, and the type of treatment depends on the cause. […] Treatment depends on the cause of the vaginitis. Treatment may be a pill, cream, or gel that is inserted into the vagina. […] It is important to follow treatment directions exactly, even if the symptoms go away before you finish the medication. Even though the symptoms disappear, the infection could still be present. Stopping the treatment early may cause symptoms to return. […] If symptoms do not go away after the treatment is finished, or if they come back, see your ob-gyn. A different treatment may be needed.

• #9 Vaginitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354713

  To diagnose vaginitis, your health care provider is likely to: […] Your health care provider might collect a sample of cervical or vaginal discharge for lab testing to confirm what kind of vaginitis you have. […] A variety of organisms and conditions can cause vaginitis, so treatment targets the specific cause: […] For this type of vaginitis, your health care provider might prescribe metronidazole tablets (Flagyl) that you take by mouth or metronidazole gel (MetroGel) that you apply to the affected area. […] Yeast infections usually are treated with an over-the-counter antifungal cream or suppository, such as miconazole (Monistat 1), clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Mycelex, Trivagizole 3), butoconazole (Gynazole-1) or tioconazole (Vagistat-1). […] Your health care provider may prescribe metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole (Tindamax) tablets.

• #9 Vaginitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354713

  Estrogen in the form of vaginal creams, tablets or rings can treat this condition. […] To treat this type of vaginitis, you need to pinpoint the source of the irritation and avoid it. […] You’ll need prescription medication to treat trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis and vaginal atrophy. […] Use a medication specifically for yeast infections that you can get without a prescription. […] Your family health care provider, gynecologist or another medical practitioner can diagnose and prescribe treatment for vaginitis. […] Avoid using tampons, having sex or douching before your appointment so that your health care provider can assess your vaginal discharge. […] Don’t be embarrassed to discuss symptoms that might suggest vaginitis. Talk to your health care provider as soon as possible so as not to delay treatment.

• #10

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1107346&Journal_ID=54012&Issue_ID=1107301

  Increased discharge may occur in middle-aged women, but if the color is suddenly green or dark yellow or has changed, an infection may be present. […] Vaginal yeast infections are the most common type of vaginitis. […] The major symptom is a discharge that looks like cottage cheese. […] The symptom of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an unpleasant smell, mainly after intercourse and during the menstrual cycle. […] If you do experience any pain, contact your provider immediately. […] Treatment for vaginitis depends on the type and the cause, but almost all forms of vaginitis can be treated. […] Make sure to talk to your provider about possible reactions to the medicine. […] If treatment is unsuccessful and symptoms remain, contact your provider to create another plan. […] Prevention tips include avoiding feminine hygiene sprays and scented tampons; do not douche, and instead let your vagina naturally cleanse itself;

• #10

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1107346&Journal_ID=54012&Issue_ID=1107301

  Many women are becoming healthier as the medical field finds new ways to focus on protecting the health of women. […] Vaginitis is a condition that causes inflammation and/or infection of the vagina, and is also common in younger women. It is important to recognize the symptoms of these infections, and then seek help from your healthcare provider. […] Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina, which can affect women of all ages. […] It is important to take this key sign seriously. Vaginitis occurs when there is a change in the normal balance of yeast and bacterial organisms in the vagina. […] If this fluid changes color, odor, or consistency a woman should visit her provider for testing and diagnosis. […] Symptoms can include „fish-like” odor, itchiness, discomfort, thick or „cottage cheese-like” discharge, inflammation, or increased discharge in the vaginal walls.

• #10

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1107346&Journal_ID=54012&Issue_ID=1107301

  it is important to regularly visit your primary healthcare provider and go for a yearly checkup with your gynecologist. […] It is important to remember that each type of vaginitis has a different treatment. Therefore, it is very important to see a healthcare provider to be sure you are using the right treatment for your condition.

• #11 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p807.html

  Vulvovaginal complaints are one of the most common reasons for women to seek medical advice. […] Individual symptoms and signs, pH level, and microscopy results often do not lead to an accurate diagnosis of vaginitis. […] Laboratory tests perform better than standard office-based evaluation for diagnosing causes of vaginitis, but they do not add substantially to the treatment threshold and are justified only in patients with recurrent or difficult-to-diagnose symptoms. […] Diagnosis is commonly made using the Amsel criteria, which include vaginal pH greater than 4.5, positive whiff test, milky discharge, and the presence of clue cells on microscopic examination of vaginal fluid. […] Current treatment recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are listed in Table 4. Nonpregnant women with symptomatic disease require antibacterial therapy to relieve vaginal symptoms.

• #11 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p807.html

  Treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis involves a short course of antifungals; oral and topical preparations are similarly effective. […] Both systemic and topical estrogen treatments are effective in relieving symptoms. […] Topical vaginal estrogen is preferred because of the low systemic absorption and reduced risk of adverse effects compared with oral therapy.

• #12 Vaginitis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/vaginitis

  Treatments options vary depending on the cause of the infection or irritation. […] In pregnant women, symptomatic infectious vaginitis/vaginosis has been associated with premature deliveries and low birth weight babies. […] With the molecular vaginitis panel, we can confidently detect the relevant infectious organism or organisms in less than one day, which allows for accurate diagnosis, specific treatment, and prompt symptom relief for our patients, says Dr. Levi.

• #13 Vaginitis | Vulvovaginitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html

  Vaginitis, also called vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation or infection of the vagina. It can also affect the vulva, which is the external part of a woman’s genitals. Vaginitis can cause itching, pain, discharge, and odor. […] Vaginitis is common, especially in women in their reproductive years. It usually happens when there is a change in the balance of bacteria or yeast that are normally found in your vagina. There are different types of vaginitis, and they have different causes, symptoms, and treatments. […] The treatment depends on which type of vaginitis you have. […] BV is treatable with antibiotics. You may get pills to swallow, or cream or gel that you put in your vagina. During treatment, you should use a condom during sex or not have sex at all. […] Yeast infections are usually treated with a cream or with medicine that you put inside your vagina. You can buy over-the-counter treatments for yeast infections, but you need to be sure that you do have a yeast infection and not another type of vaginitis.

• #13 Vaginitis | Vulvovaginitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html

  The treatment for trichomoniasis is usually a single-dose antibiotic. Both you and your partner(s) should be treated, to prevent spreading the infection to others and to keep from getting it again. […] If your vaginitis is due to an allergy or sensitivity to a product, you need to figure out which product is causing the problem. […] If the cause of your vaginitis is a hormonal change, your health care provider may give you estrogen cream to help with your symptoms. […] It is important to treat BV and trichomoniasis, because having either of them can increase your risk for getting HIV or another STI. If you are pregnant, BV or trichomoniasis can increase your risk for preterm labor and preterm birth. […] To help prevent vaginitis: Do not douche or use vaginal sprays. Use a latex condom when having sex. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms. Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Wear cotton underwear.

• #14

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2719

  Take your medicines exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Ask your doctor if your sex partner(s) also needs treatment. […] Do not eat or drink anything that has alcohol if you are taking metronidazole (Flagyl). […] Wash your vulva daily with water. You also can use a mild, unscented soap if you want. […] Do not use scented bath products. And do not use vaginal sprays or douches. […] Change out of wet or damp clothes as soon as possible. Wear cotton underwear. And avoid tight clothing that could increase moisture. […] Put a face cloth soaked in cool water on the area to relieve itching. Or you can take cool baths. […] If you have dryness because of menopause, use estrogen cream or pills that your doctor prescribes.

• #14

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2719

  Ask your doctor about when it is okay to have sex. […] Use a personal lubricant before sex if you have dryness. Examples are Astroglide and K-Y Jelly. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have a fever. You have new or increased pain in your vagina or pelvis. You have new or worse vaginal itching or discharge. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have bleeding other than your period. You do not get better as expected.

• #15

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2668

  Bacterial vaginosis is a condition in which there is excess growth of certain bacteria that are normally found in the vagina. Symptoms often include abnormal grey or yellow discharge with a „fishy” odour. […] While bacterial vaginosis may go away on its own, most doctors use antibiotics to treat it. You may have been prescribed pills or vaginal cream. With treatment, bacterial vaginosis usually clears up in 5 to 7 days. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Take your antibiotics as directed. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.

• #15

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2668

  Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have a fever. You have new or worse pain in your vagina or pelvis. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You have new or worse vaginal itching or discharge. You have unexpected vaginal bleeding. You are not getting better as expected. Your symptoms return after you finish the course of your medicine.

• #16 Vaginitis – Female Reproductive Disorders for Nursing RN

  https://www.picmonic.com/pathways/nursing/courses/standard/medical-surgical-nursing-pathophysiology-296/female-reproductive-disorders-1452/vaginitis_2279

  Vaginitis caused by a fungal infection may be treated with antifungal medications administered as vaginal suppositories. […] Vaginitis caused by postmenopausal atrophy may be treated with estrogen hormones to help restore normal levels of vaginal secretions. […] To prevent infecting others, advise the patient to abstain from sexual activity until the infection is resolved with a completed full course of medication. […] Good hygiene is critical in preventing vaginitis. Instruct the patient to keep the perineum clean and dry to prevent development of infection. […] Teach the patient good hygiene techniques to prevent the recurrence of vaginitis. However, if the patient experiences multiple infections of Candida albicans, refer them to get tested for HIV since recurrent infection is a common symptom of HIV.

• #17 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV is a highly prevalent condition and the most common cause of vaginal discharge worldwide. […] Women with BV are at increased risk for STI acquisition, such as HIV, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, M. genitalium, HPV, and HSV-2; complications after gynecologic surgery; complications of pregnancy; and recurrence of BV. […] Treatment for BV is recommended for women with symptoms. Established benefits of therapy among nonpregnant women are to relieve vaginal symptoms and signs of infection. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. […] All women with BV should be tested for HIV and other STIs. […] Follow-up visits are unnecessary if symptoms resolve. Because persistent or recurrent BV is common, women should be advised to return for evaluation if symptoms recur.

• #17 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  BV treatment is recommended for all symptomatic pregnant women because symptomatic BV has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, intra-amniotic infection, and postpartum endometritis. […] Women with HIV infection and BV should receive the same treatment regimen as those who do not have HIV.

• #18 Vaginitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-treatment

  Atrophic vaginitis can be treated with lubricants, estrogen vaginal cream, tablets, and rings, among others. […] Vaginal suppositories containing human Lactobacillus strains are under investigation, as are changes in formulation strategies to improve pharmacologic delivery and treatment modalities. […] Refer patients with resistant infections or persistent symptoms of vulvovaginitis to a gynecologist. […] Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV infection, should be treated with the same regimens as other patients. […] Before initiating treatment with any drugs that should not be used during pregnancy, determine the possibility of pregnancy, test for pregnancy as appropriate, and maintain proper documentation. […] However, pregnancy should not delay treatment. […] In cases of recurrent or resistant vaginal candidiasis, yeast culture, glucose intolerance test, and HIV testing should be offered.

• #19 Nursing interventions for vulvovaginitis – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-for-vulvovaginitis-1695638949

  The nursing interventions for vulvovaginitis depend on the type and cause of the infection or inflammation. Some of the general interventions are: […] Provide patient education on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of BV […] Administer oral or intravaginal antibiotics as prescribed and monitor for adverse effects […] Advise the patient to complete the full course of antibiotics and avoid alcohol consumption during treatment […] Teach the patient to avoid douching, which can disrupt the normal vaginal flora […] Encourage the patient to limit sexual partners and use condoms or other barrier methods […] Assess the patient for signs of complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), preterm labor, or other STIs […] Provide comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths, cold compresses, or analgesics, to relieve irritation and discomfort

• #19 Nursing interventions for vulvovaginitis – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-for-vulvovaginitis-1695638949

  Instruct the patient to report any recurrence or persistence of symptoms to the health care provider […] Provide patient education on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CV […] Administer oral fluconazole or topical azoles as prescribed and monitor for adverse effects […] Advise the patient to complete the full course of antifungals and avoid sexual intercourse during treatment […] Teach the patient to avoid antibiotics, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, immunosuppression, or hormonal contraceptives that may alter the normal vaginal flora […] Encourage the patient to limit sexual partners and use condoms or other barrier methods […] Assess the patient for signs of complications, such as recurrent or resistant infections […] Provide comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths, cold compresses, or analgesics, to relieve irritation and discomfort

• #19 Nursing interventions for vulvovaginitis – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-for-vulvovaginitis-1695638949

  Instruct the patient to report any recurrence or persistence of symptoms to the health care provider […] Provide patient education on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TV […] Administer oral metronidazole or tinidazole as prescribed and monitor for adverse effects […] Advise the patient to complete the full course of antiprotozoals and avoid alcohol consumption during treatment […] Teach the patient to abstain from sexual contact until both partners are treated and cured […] Encourage the patient to limit sexual partners and use condoms or other barrier methods […] Assess the patient for signs of complications, such as HIV infection, preterm delivery, or other STIs […] Provide comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths, cold compresses, or analgesics, to relieve irritation and discomfort

• #19 Nursing interventions for vulvovaginitis – Medical Surgical

  https://www.naxlex.com/nursing/study-guides/nursing-interventions-for-vulvovaginitis-1695638949

  Instruct the patient to report any recurrence or persistence of symptoms to the health care provider […] Provide patient education on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AV […] Administer hormonal therapy (estrogen creams, tablets, or rings) as prescribed and monitor for adverse effects […] Advise the patient to use hormonal therapy as directed and report any abnormal bleeding or breast changes to the health care provider […] Teach the patient to use lubricants, moisturizers, or hyaluronic acid to relieve dryness and discomfort […] Encourage the patient to avoid irritants or allergens that may worsen the symptoms […] Assess the patient for signs of complications, such as infections or trauma […] Provide comfort measures, such as warm sitz baths, cold compresses, or analgesics, to relieve irritation and discomfort

• #20 Vaginitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470302/

  Vaginitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the vagina, often resulting in symptoms such as itching, burning, discomfort, and abnormal discharge. This condition affects women at various life stages and can be caused by various factors, including infections, hormonal changes, and irritants. Common types of vaginitis include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and trichomoniasis, each with distinct causes and treatments. Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for effective management and relief. Given its prevalence and impact on women’s health, accurate diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis are essential for maintaining overall well-being and quality of life. […] This activity is designed to provide healthcare professionals with the comprehensive knowledge to effectively diagnose, treat, and manage this common condition. Participants gain insights into the various types of vaginitis, understand their distinct etiologies, clinical presentations, and treatment protocols, and enhance their ability to differentiate between these conditions, prescribe appropriate therapies, and offer patient-centered care. This activity covers the latest advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options, preparing healthcare professionals to address the complexities of vaginitis. This activity also highlights the role of the interprofessional team in providing well-coordinated care to enhance patient quality of life.

• #21 Vaginitis in Children (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vaginitis.html

  Doctors usually can diagnose vaginitis in children by doing an exam of the area with a parent or chaperone in the room and asking about symptoms. […] The best treatment for vaginitis is improving a childs hygiene. If the vaginitis is caused by an infection, the doctor will prescribe medicine. […] Most girls can treat vaginitis with sitz baths. To do this, they should: Sit in a tub of plain (not soapy) warm water; Spread their legs so the water cleans the vaginal area; Soak for 10 to 15 minutes; Pat the vaginal area dry with a clean towel. […] They also should avoid irritating soaps, chemicals, and tight-fitting clothing. […] These bathing tips can help the irritation get better and protect girls from getting vaginitis again: Don’t use bubble bath; Don’t use soap in the vaginal area; Use soap and shampoo at the end of the bath and don’t sit in water with soap or shampoo in it; Rinse the vaginal area off with plain water at the end of the shower or bath.

• #21 Vaginitis in Children (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vaginitis.html

  Other things to help prevent vaginitis: Avoid tight clothing such as tights, leotards, and leggings; Don’t sit in a wet swimsuit for long periods of time; Wear white cotton underpants; Wash underpants with a mild detergent without fabric softener, rinse twice to get all the soap out, and dry without dryer sheets; Sleep in a nightgown or loose pajama pants without underpants so air can move freely around the vaginal area during sleep; Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement.

• #22

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  The vagina has a self-cleaning mechanism. Keep the genital area clean by washing daily with mild soap and water. Do not wash excessively or use a sponge to clean the genital area. Overcleaning can alter the vaginal pH, cause irritation and worsen vaginitis symptoms. […] Treatment of bacterial vaginosis consists of a course of antibiotics and avoiding vaginal irritants. Recommended antibiotics are metronidazole (flagyl) or clindamycin given through either the oral or vaginal route. […] Treatment of candidiasis consists of a course of antifungal medications given by the oral or vaginal route. Vaginal antifungal medications may weaken latex condoms so additional contraception is needed when the woman is using antifungals. […] It is important to treat all cases of trichomonas infection, even if there are no symptoms. Trichomonas infection can spread from the vagina to the upper genital tract (i.e. the womb, tubes, ovaries), causing damage which can affect fertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. […] Because the problem is mainly due to lack of oestrogen, treatment of atrophic vaginitis usually depends on replacing oestrogen in the tissues. Usually a cream, pessary or vaginal tablet or ring containing oestrogen is prescribed to replace oestrogen levels in the genital area.

• #23 Vaginitis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm

  Vaginitis is a swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina. It may also be called vulvovaginitis. Vaginitis is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages. It can be caused by: […] Keep your genital area clean and dry when you have vaginitis. […] Avoid douching. Douching may worsen vaginitis symptoms because it removes healthy bacteria that line the vagina. These bacteria help protect against infection. […] Always practice safe sex. And use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections. […] Contact your provider if: Your symptoms are not improving […] You have pelvic pain or a fever.

• #24 Preventing Vaginitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/preventing-vaginitis

  Vaginitis is infection or inflammation of the vagina or the outside opening of it (vulva). Vaginitis can be caused by bacteria, yeast, and sexually transmitted infections. Other causes include certain chemicals such as those in perfumes, soaps, detergents, or spermicides. You can help prevent vaginitis. Follow the tips below. And see your health care provider if you have any symptoms. […] Stay away from chemicals. Don’t use vaginal sprays. Don’t use scented toilet paper or pads or tampons that are scented. Sprays and scents have chemicals that can irritate your vagina. […] Don’t douche unless you are told to by your health care provider. Douching is rarely needed. And it upsets the normal balance in the vagina. […] Wash yourself well. Wash the outer vaginal area (vulva) every day with mild, unscented soap. Keep it as dry as possible.

• #24 Preventing Vaginitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/preventing-vaginitis

  Dont sit in wet clothes. Yeast thrives when its warm and damp. […] Dont wear tight pants. And dont wear tights, nylon underpants, leggings, or hose without a cotton crotch or cotton lining. These types of clothing trap warmth and moisture. […] Wear cotton underwear. Cotton lets air circulate around the vagina. […] Irritation, swelling, or itching of the genital area […] Vaginal discharge […] Bad vaginal odor […] Pain or burning during urination.

• #24 Preventing Vaginitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/preventing-vaginitis

  Wipe correctly. Make sure to wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This helps to keep from spreading bacteria from your anus to your vagina. […] Change your tampon often. During your period, make sure to change your tampon as often as directed on the package. This allows the normal flow of vaginal discharge and blood. […] Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the greater your risk of infection. Using condoms helps reduce your risk. […] Get enough sleep. Sleep helps keep your bodys immune system healthy. This helps you fight infection. […] Lose weight, if needed. Excess weight can reduce air circulation around your vagina. This can increase your risk of infection. […] Exercise regularly. Regular activity helps keep your body healthy. […] Take antibiotics only as directed. Antibiotics can change the normal chemical balance in the vagina.

• #25 Get Vaginitis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/vaginitis-treatment

  You probably dont think about your vagina that often. But if you have vaginitis, it can take up a lot of space in your mind and your worries. […] The discomfort of vaginitis may have you feeling anxious, frustrated, embarrassed, exhausted and really ready for relief. […] At Cleveland Clinic, our specialists are here to help you figure out the cause of your vaginitis. […] Our expert providers understand that each case of vaginitis is unique and that theres no one-size-fits-all treatment. […] Our board-certified specialists in gynecology and obstetrics and reproductive infectious diseases have the extensive knowledge, experience and expertise to diagnose and treat your vaginitis whatever the cause. […] Your care team will collaborate with other Cleveland Clinic specialists, if needed, to provide you with the best possible care and outcome.

• #26

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  If the genital area is irritated, aqueous cream can be kept in the fridge and dabbed on to cool and soothe the genital area as often as preferred. […] This would reduce dryness and irritation. […] Avoid using the following on the genital area as these can contain irritants: bubble baths, hot baths with scented products, douches, antiseptics, baby wipes, deodorants, some over-the-counter creams (e.g. tea tree oil, aloe vera). […] Change tampons, sanitary pads and pantyliners regularly as exposure to soiled menstrual products for prolonged periods can increase the risk of infection. […] Seek treatment for incontinence as urine and frequent use of diapers cause genital irritation. […] Treatment of bacterial vaginosis consists of a course of antibiotics and avoiding vaginal irritants.

• #26

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  Other symptoms such as vaginal itch or discomfort, dysuria, dyspareunia, abnormal spotting, abnormal menstrual periods or abdominal pain; […] New sexual partner or more than one partner in the last year; […] Previous history of sexually transmitted disease or pelvic infection; […] Recent vaginal or caesarean birth or recent invasive gynaecological procedure e.g. abortion, insertion of an intrauterine device, in-vitro fertilisation etc. […] The vagina has a self-cleaning mechanism. Keep the genital area clean by washing daily with mild soap and water. […] Do not wash excessively or use a sponge to clean the genital area. Overcleaning can alter the vaginal pH, cause irritation and worsen vaginitis symptoms. […] Antibacterial or astringent soaps contain harsh chemicals which may irritate the vagina.

• #26

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  Recommended antibiotics are metronidazole (flagyl) or clindamycin given through either the oral or vaginal route. […] Treatment of candidiasis consists of a course of antifungal medications given by the oral or vaginal route. […] Treatment consists of a course of oral antibiotics (metronidazole or tinidazole). […] Treatment of atrophic vaginitis usually depends on replacing oestrogen in the tissues. […] Usually a cream, pessary or vaginal tablet or ring containing oestrogen is prescribed to replace oestrogen levels in the genital area. […] Vaginal moisturisers and lubricants may also be given but these are usually not as effective as oestrogen.

• #26

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  Not all cases of vaginal discharge are due to infection. Vaginal discharge can be normal (physiological discharge). […] It can also be caused by presence of foreign objects in the vagina, allergic reactions, cervical conditions and rarely genital tract cancer. […] In postmenopausal women, vaginal discharge is commonly due to atrophic changes (atrophic vaginitis). […] Disturbance of the normal vaginal pH can alter the composition and balance of the vaginal ecosystem. This leads to overgrowth of healthy organisms and infections from bad organisms, resulting in vaginitis. […] Although vaginal discharge can be physiological, it is advisable to seek medical advice under any of the following circumstances: Change in the nature of vaginal discharge especially if it is foamy, greenish, foul-smelling or blood-stained;

• #27 Vulvovaginitis | Causes & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/v/vulvovaginitis

  Below are some hygiene habits to teach children: Urinate with knees spread apart. Stay seated on the toilet until finished to allow all the urine to come out. Teach your child to wipe from front to back after bowel movements and urination. Take a plain warm water bath, not a shower, every day. Do not use bubble bath in the bathtub. Do not shampoo your child’s hair in the bathtub. Avoid irritation. Have your child wear white cotton underpants and change them daily. Have the child sleep without underwear at night. For infants, change diapers frequently and leave open to the air for 10 minutes. Do not dress your child in nylon underwear, tight jeans or leggings, pantyhose and tights. Change your child’s bathing suit as soon as they are finished swimming. Pat pubic hair dry (or teach your child to do this) or air dry after bathing. Do not rub. Do not use perfumed powders and sprays, bath beads, bath bombs, or gels. Avoid harsh laundry detergents, bleach and fabric softeners. Rinse underwear thoroughly to remove all soap powders. Have your child urinate in the bathtub, or use a peribottle with water, to dilute the urine if the skin burns during urination. Use a mild hypoallergenic soap, such as Dove, Basis, Neutrogena or Dial. Avoid deodorant soaps. Apply a barrier ointment (Vaseline or zinc oxide, which are available over the counter) after baths or diaper changes. Sometimes vulvovaginitis may require treatment with medication. If your doctor prescribes any medicines, use as directed.

• #28 Chronic Vaginitis | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/chronic-vaginitis/

  Any woman can get a yeast infection. A woman may be at an increased risk if she has had a recent course of antibiotics, is pregnant, has diabetes that is not well-controlled, has HIV, is taking an immunosuppressant medicine, is using high-estrogen contraceptives, is undergoing corticosteroid therapy, which weakens the immune system. […] Your health care provider will review your medical history and do a physical and pelvic exam. He or she may also examine the vaginal discharge with a microscope. […] Treatment for candida may include antifungal vaginal creams and suppositories, vaginal tablets, oral antifungal medicines. […] Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. This is caused by an imbalance of bacteria. With bacterial vaginosis, there is a change in the type of bacteria that grows in the vagina.

• #28 Chronic Vaginitis | Intimate Wellness Institute

  https://iwiva.com/home-page/womens-speciality-care/advanced-gynecology/chronic-vaginitis/

  Bacterial vaginosis is caused by bacteria; therefore, it is generally treated with antibiotics. […] Biofilms are a collection of bacteria that can form a mucus like layer on the surface of tissue. There is growing evidence that biofilm formation is a significant cause of chronic bladder and vaginal infections. Biofilms are resistant to antibiotic treatment.

• #29

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/vaginitis

  Vaginitis is any inflammation or infection of the vagina. It’s common in women of all ages. About 1 in 3 women have vaginitis at some time in their lives. […] Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on the cause of your vaginitis and how severe it is. If medicines are prescribed, talk with your healthcare provider about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all medicines. […] Noninfectious vaginitis caused by an irritant is treated by finding out what caused the reaction or irritation, and removing it from use. For atrophic vaginitis, your healthcare provider may recommend products to relieve vaginal dryness. These may include vaginal creams, lotions, lubricants, or hormone therapy. […] Without treatment, vaginitis caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV) or trichomoniasis (trich) can increase the risk of more serious health problems, such as: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Giving birth to a baby early if you’re pregnant (preterm delivery), HIV and certain other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

• #30

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/vaginitis.html

  Yes, there may be, especially from bacterial vaginosis. If left untreated, BV may result in increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, pre-term birth, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight, intra-amniotic infections, endometritis, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), post-gynecological surgery infections, and increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases. […] The tests for vaginitis are simple and can be done right in your doctors office. Your doctor will examine your vagina and use a swab to get a sample of the discharge. Vaginitis is identified by checking vaginal fluid appearance, vaginal pH, the presence of volatile amines (the odor causing gas) and the microscopic detection of clue cells. […] Regular checkups and open discussions regarding your symptoms will go a long way toward maintaining good vaginal health. Your health care provider can perform simple tests to determine the type of vaginal infection and provide you with the best treatment.

• #30

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/vaginitis.html

  There are several ways to treat vaginitis, depending upon the cause of the infection: bacterial vaginosis can be treated orally or intra-vaginally with a prescription for medication; a yeast infection can be treated orally or intra-vaginally with either prescription or over-the-counter antifungal medications; and a trichomonas infection is usually treated with a prescribed oral antibiotic. […] In order to minimize the risk of developing vaginitis, here are some general suggestions for good vaginal health: Practice good hygiene by keeping the vaginal area clean using a mild soap and dry area well. […] Yes it can. Premature delivery and low birth weight of the baby are more common in women with bacterial vaginosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is important. […] Some types of vaginitis can be transmitted from one person to another during sexual intercourse. It depends upon what type of vaginitis you have. […] Yes. You can be infected with a sexually transmitted disease and also have vaginitis. Each infection needs to be treated with different medications so it is important to visit your doctor to determine if you have more than one type of infection.

• #31 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  Complications of BV—BV itself is not harmful, although it has been associated with some health problems. For example: Pregnant people with BV are at higher risk of preterm delivery. […] Any antibiotic therapy may be followed by typical symptoms caused by vaginal yeast infection. If a patient develops symptoms, they should be evaluated to exclude yeast infection or relapse of bacterial vaginosis.

• #31 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  People planning vaginal surgery—People who are having surgery that involves the vagina should be treated if BV is present, even if they do not have symptoms. […] Pregnant people with BV are at increased risk of preterm birth. However, there does not appear to be a benefit to routinely testing and/or treating all pregnant people for BV. Pregnant people with symptoms of infection should be tested; some experts also recommend testing pregnant people who have a history of a previous preterm birth. […] Relapse or repeat BV infections are common. For people who initially improve after initial BV treatment, approximately 1 in 3 will have a recurrence of BV symptoms within three months, and more than half will have a recurrence of symptoms within 12 months. […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses.

• #32 Vaginitis | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/womens-health/gynecology/vaginitis

  Your health care provider may treat bacterial vaginitis with oral prescription medications or with gels and creams placed inside your vagina or on your vulva. […] Vaginitis can go away on its own. However, adopting a wait-and-see approach is not a good idea unless you know whats causing your vaginitis. You should get screened for STIs, especially if youve had new or multiple sexual partners in the days or weeks before symptoms began. […] At U of U Health, our Womens Health Services providers see patients with acute and recurrent vaginitis. If youve had multiple infections within six months, its essential to be seen by providers with expertise in treating this complex condition.

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