Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Vaginitis is common and treatable, but treatment depends on the underlying cause. […] There are many possible causes of vaginitis, and each cause has its own symptoms and treatment. […] Getting a proper diagnosis is key to successful treatment. This isnt always easy, as the same symptoms can exist in different forms of vaginitis. You can assist your healthcare provider by paying close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when they occur, along with a description of the color, consistency, amount and smell of your vaginal discharge. […] Your healthcare provider will recommend treatment for the specific cause of vaginitis: […] Bacterial vaginosis (BV). Your provider will prescribe antibiotics, typically metronidazole or clindamycin. […] Yeast infections. Over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal creams or suppositories can treat most yeast infections, but you should be sure you have a yeast infection before starting medication.

• #2 Vaginitis: Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175101

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. Antibiotic or antifungal drugs can often treat vaginitis. […] Treatment depends on the cause. It may include low-potency topical steroids, applied to the skin, topical or oral antibiotics, antifungals, or antibacterial creams. Bacterial vaginitis (BV) is usually treated with antibiotics, such as metronidazole (Flagyl), or clindamycin. Medications used to treat a fungal infection include butoconazole and clotrimazole. […] Antifungal or antibiotic drugs can treat vaginitis.

• #3 Vaginitis | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginitis

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. Vaginitis may cause itching, burning, a bad odor, or a large amount of discharge. It is one of the most common reasons for visiting an obstetriciangynecologist (ob-gyn). There are many possible causes of vaginitis, and the type of treatment depends on the cause. […] Treatment depends on the cause of the vaginitis. Treatment may be a pill, cream, or gel that is inserted into the vagina. […] It is important to follow treatment directions exactly, even if the symptoms go away before you finish the medication. Even though the symptoms disappear, the infection could still be present. Stopping the treatment early may cause symptoms to return. […] If symptoms do not go away after the treatment is finished, or if they come back, see your ob-gyn. A different treatment may be needed. […] Atrophic vaginitis is treated with estrogen that is applied inside the vagina. It is available as a cream, tablet, or ring. A water-soluble lubricant may also be helpful during sex.

• #4

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  Vaginitis – Treatments […] Bacterial vaginosis occurs when lactobacillus in the vagina is replaced by other bacteria. It is the most common cause of vaginitis, accounting for 40-45 percent of cases and usually causes a fishy thin off-white vaginal discharge, which is more noticeable after unprotected sex. […] Treatment of bacterial vaginosis consists of a course of antibiotics and avoiding vaginal irritants. Recommended antibiotics are metronidazole (flagyl) or clindamycin given through either the oral or vaginal route. Avoid using alcohol during treatment with oral metronidazole and for 24 hours thereafter. Metronidazole pills also interact with warfarin. […] Treatment of candidiasis consists of a course of antifungal medications given by the oral or vaginal route. Vaginal antifungal medications may weaken latex condoms so additional contraception is needed when the woman is using antifungals. […] It is important to treat all cases of trichomonas infection, even if there are no symptoms. Trichomonas infection can spread from the vagina to the upper genital tract (i.e. the womb, tubes, ovaries), causing damage which can affect fertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. […] Because the problem is mainly due to lack of oestrogen, treatment of atrophic vaginitis usually depends on replacing oestrogen in the tissues. Usually a cream, pessary or vaginal tablet or ring containing oestrogen is prescribed to replace oestrogen levels in the genital area.

• #5 Bacterial Vaginosis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/bv.htm

  Treatment for BV is recommended for women with symptoms. Established benefits of therapy among nonpregnant women are to relieve vaginal symptoms and signs of infection. Other potential benefits of treatment include reduction in the risk for acquiring C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, M. genitalium, HIV, HPV, and HSV-2. […] No data are available that directly compare the efficacy of oral and topical medications for treating BV. […] Recommended Regimens for Bacterial Vaginosis […] Metronidazole 500 mg orally 2 times/day for 7 days […] OR […] Metronidazole gel 0.75% one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally, once a day for 5 days […] OR […] Clindamycin cream 2% one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally at bedtime for 7 days. […] Women should be advised to refrain from sexual activity or to use condoms consistently and correctly during the BV treatment regimen. Douching might increase the risk for relapse, and no data support use of douching for treatment or symptom relief. […] Alternative regimens include secnidazole oral granules, multiple oral tinidazole regimens, or clindamycin (oral or intravaginal).

• #6 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p807.html

  Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis are the most common infectious causes of vaginitis. […] Oral and topical clindamycin and metronidazole are equally effective at eradicating bacterial vaginosis. […] Any nitroimidazole drug (e.g., metronidazole) given orally as a single dose or over a longer period resolves 90 percent of trichomoniasis cases. […] Vulvovaginal candidiasis should be treated with one of many topical or oral antifungals, which appear to be equally effective. […] Both systemic and topical estrogen treatments are effective. […] Clindamycin and metronidazole (Flagyl) are equally effective for eradicating symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. […] A Cochrane review of 24 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that clindamycin and metronidazole (Flagyl) are equally effective, achieving clinical cure in 91 and 92 percent of cases, respectively, after two to three weeks of treatment.

• #7 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0401/p807.html

  Metronidazole, 500 mg twice daily for one week, is effective for treating bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. […] Almost any nitroimidazole drug given orally in a single dose or over a longer period results in parasitologic cure in 90 percent of cases. […] The parasitologic cure rate of intravaginal nitroimidazole creams is an unacceptably low 50 percent. […] Treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis involves a short course of antifungals; oral and topical preparations are similarly effective. […] Treatment of complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis involves an intensive, longer course of antifungals. […] Both systemic and topical estrogen treatments are effective in relieving symptoms of atrophic vaginitis.

• #8 Treatment of vulvovaginitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738700/

  Treat recurrent infection with suppressive fluconazole with or without initial intravaginal clotrimazole or nystatin. […] The options for oral treatment are: metronidazole 400 mg twice a day for five to seven days or 2 g single dose; clindamycin 300 mg twice a day for seven days. […] Symptomatic women, including pregnant women, should be treated. […] Treatment may be oral or intravaginal. […] The options for intravaginal treatment are: metronidazole gel 0.75% at night for five days; clindamycin 2% cream at night for seven days. […] Treatment of vulvovaginitis is guided by the cause. Specialist advice is appropriate if the diagnosis is unclear or if symptoms persist despite following the recommended treatment regimens.

• #8 Treatment of vulvovaginitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7738700/

  Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered problem in general practice. It usually presents with irritation and vaginal discharge. A thorough examination is essential in order not to miss the less common causes. Investigations may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis are the most common causes. Antifungals and antibiotics are therefore used in management. […] The causes can be infective or non-infective. While there are specific treatments, management also includes education about genital skin care. […] Candidiasis can be treated with antifungals given by the intravaginal or oral route. Over-the-counter preparations are available including combinations containing a single dose of oral fluconazole 150 mg and an azole cream for external use. […] For the treatment of episodic vaginal candidiasis all regimens are at least 80% effective for clinical and mycological outcomes.

• #9 Bacterial vaginosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352285

  Secnidazole (Solosec). This is an antibiotic you eat one time with food. It comes as a packet of granules that you sprinkle onto a soft food, such as applesauce, pudding or yogurt. You eat the mixture within 30 minutes. But take care not to crunch or chew the granules. […] Take your medicine or use the cream or gel for as long as prescribed, even if your symptoms go away. If you stop treatment early, BV may come back. This is called recurrent bacterial vaginosis. […] It’s common for bacterial vaginosis to come back within 3 to 12 months even with proper treatment. Researchers are exploring options for recurrent BV. If your symptoms return soon after treatment, talk with your care team. It might be possible for you to take extended-use metronidazole therapy. […] There may be some benefit to probiotics, but more information is needed. In a random trial, probiotics were no better than a treatment that didn’t contain medicine, called a placebo, in stopping recurrent BV. So probiotics are not recommended as a treatment option for bacterial vaginosis.

• #10 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0301/p321.html

  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved a single-dose oral therapy for bacterial vaginosis, secnidazole (Solosec), which will be available in 2018. […] Treatment of candidal infection is aimed at reducing symptoms. […] Treatment of trichomoniasis can decrease symptoms and reduce transmission to partners. […] Treatment of noninfectious vaginitis should be directed at the underlying cause. Atrophic vaginitis is treated with hormonal and nonhormonal therapies. […] More research is needed to better characterize the cause and treatment of inflammatory vaginitis.

• #11 Vaginitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354713

  Your health care provider may prescribe metronidazole (Flagyl) or tinidazole (Tindamax) tablets. […] Estrogen in the form of vaginal creams, tablets or rings can treat this condition. This treatment is available by prescription from your health care provider, after other risk factors and possible complications are reviewed. […] To treat this type of vaginitis, you need to pinpoint the source of the irritation and avoid it. Possible sources include new soap, laundry detergent, sanitary napkins or tampons.

• #11 Vaginitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354713

  A variety of organisms and conditions can cause vaginitis, so treatment targets the specific cause: […] For this type of vaginitis, your health care provider might prescribe metronidazole tablets (Flagyl) that you take by mouth or metronidazole gel (MetroGel) that you apply to the affected area. Other treatments include clindamycin (Cleocin) cream that you apply to your vagina, clindamycin tablets you take by mouth or capsules you put in your vagina. Tinidazole (Tindamax) or secnidazole (Solosec) are taken by mouth. […] Yeast infections usually are treated with an over-the-counter antifungal cream or suppository, such as miconazole (Monistat 1), clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF, Mycelex, Trivagizole 3), butoconazole (Gynazole-1) or tioconazole (Vagistat-1). Yeast infections might also be treated with a prescription oral antifungal medication, such as fluconazole (Diflucan).

• #12 Practical approach to recurrent vulvovaginitis

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/practical-approach-to-recurrent-vulvovaginitis

  Recurrent or chronic vulvovaginitis is frustrating to patients and a burden to the health care system. Here is a guide to addressing it. […] This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent and chronic cases. […] Office based testing of the vaginal discharge using pH test, 10% KOH and saline microscopy is preferred if available. This approach may provide immediate diagnosis, and treatment can be initiated. […] Patients with RBV should be appropriately treated based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended conventional therapy of nitroimidazole or clindamycin administered orally or vaginal and offered additional suppressive therapy with 0.75% metronidazole intravaginal gel twice weekly for 4 months. […] In a multicenter study, Sobel et al randomized patients with RBV to twice- weekly intravaginal metronidazole gel or placebo for 16 weeks after initial treatment. He documented that during 28-week follow-up, recurrence was less in the suppressive therapy group.

• #13 Bacterial vaginosis treatment guidelines – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/health-professionals/treatment-guidelines/bacterial-vaginosis-treatment-guidelines

  Recurrent BV can be treated with Intravaginal metronidazole 0.75% gel 5g twice per week for 4 months or Intravaginal boric acid. […] A recent randomised controlled trial that treated males with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin cream twice daily for 7 days, at the same time the female partner received recommended therapy, significantly improved BV cure to 12 weeks. […] Couples should be advised to synchronise treatment where possible, and abstain from all sexual contact until both partners have completed treatment. […] Where appropriate, consider treating all sexual partners simultaneously to reduce the risk of reinfection.

• #13 Bacterial vaginosis treatment guidelines – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/health-professionals/treatment-guidelines/bacterial-vaginosis-treatment-guidelines

  Bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection caused by a change in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. […] A recent randomised controlled trial undertaken at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) of couples in a current male-female relationship has shown that treating male partners with combination oral and topical antibiotics, at the same time their female partner is receiving first-line antibiotic therapy for BV, significantly improves BV cure over 12 weeks. […] Treatment is indicated in symptomatic women. […] Male partner treatment has now been shown to improve BV cure. […] Recommended treatment for uncomplicated BV in women who are not pregnant includes Metronidazole 400mg PO, twice daily for 7 days or Clindamycin 2% intravaginal cream 5g, nightly for 7 nights. […] Partner treatment can now be offered to women with male partners.

• #14 Practical approach to recurrent vulvovaginitis

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/practical-approach-to-recurrent-vulvovaginitis

  Another option for RBV is a combination of oral nitroimidazole with intravaginal boric acid as the induction phase, followed by suppression therapy. […] Diagnosis should not be based on clinical findings alone due to lack of specificity; symptoms of external dysuria, itching, and burning are not always sufficient to make a diagnosis. […] Patients with RVVC would benefit from maintenance therapy after the induction treatment phase has been successfully completed. […] In patients with azole-resistant VVC, treatment options include intravaginal boric acid 600 mg daily for 14-21 days, intravaginal 15.5% flucytosine vaginal cream (5 g) daily for 14 days, and intravaginal amphotericin B 50-mg vaginal suppository daily for 14 days. […] Management should include evaluation for secondary bacterial and fungal infections and treatment. […] First-line management is with vaginal lubricants and moisturizers. […] Patients who remain symptomatic and have no contraindications to use of hormones may benefit from systemic or vaginal hormones.

• #15

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  Treatment of bacterial vaginosis consists of a course of antibiotics and avoiding vaginal irritants. Recommended antibiotics are metronidazole (flagyl) or clindamycin given through either the oral or vaginal route. […] Candidiasis occurs when there is an overgrowth of the yeast organism called candida, which is usually found in small numbers in the normal vaginal environment. It is the second most common cause of vaginitis, accounting for 20-25% of cases. […] Treatment of candidiasis consists of a course of antifungal medications given by the oral or vaginal route. […] Trichomonas is a sexually transmitted parasite with a high transmission rate of at least 70 percent after just one exposure to an infected partner. It is the third most common cause of vaginitis, accounting for 15-20 percent of cases.

• #16 Treatment of vulvovaginitis

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/treatment-of-vulvovaginitis.html

  Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered problem in general practice. It usually presents with irritation and vaginal discharge. […] Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis are the most common causes. Antifungals and antibiotics are therefore used in management. […] The usual symptoms are itch, with or without a discharge that is classically described as thick and white. […] Candidiasis can be treated with antifungals given by the intravaginal or oral route. […] For the treatment of episodic vaginal candidiasis all regimens are at least 80% effective for clinical and mycological outcomes. […] The choices for intravaginal treatment are: clotrimazole 1% vaginal cream or pessaries at night for six nights, clotrimazole 2% cream at night for three nights, clotrimazole 10% cream for one night, nystatin vaginal cream 100,000 units for 14 nights or twice a day for one week.

• #17 Treatment of vulvovaginitis

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/treatment-of-vulvovaginitis.html

  Oral treatment: fluconazole 150 mg can be given as a single dose. […] Treat recurrent infection with suppressive fluconazole with or without initial intravaginal clotrimazole or nystatin. […] The choices for intravaginal treatments are: nystatin cream 100,000 units twice a day for two weeks, boric acid pessaries 600 mg at night for two weeks. […] Symptomatic women, including pregnant women, should be treated. […] Treatment may be oral or intravaginal. […] The options for oral treatment are: metronidazole 400 mg twice a day for five to seven days or 2 g single dose, clindamycin 300 mg twice a day for seven days. […] The options for intravaginal treatment are: metronidazole gel 0.75% at night for five days, clindamycin 2% cream at night for seven days. […] There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the use of vaginal acidifying agents or probiotics in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

• #18 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/candidiasis.htm

  Vaginal culture or PCR should be obtained from women with complicated VVC to confirm clinical diagnosis and identify nonalbicans Candida. […] Most episodes of recurrent VVC caused by C. albicans respond well to short-duration oral or topical azole therapy. However, to maintain clinical and mycologic control, a longer duration of initial therapy (e.g., 7-14 days of topical therapy or a 100-mg, 150-mg, or 200-mg oral dose of fluconazole every third day for a total of 3 doses [days 1, 4, and 7]) is recommended, to attempt mycologic remission, before initiating a maintenance antifungal regimen. […] Severe VVC (i.e., extensive vulvar erythema, edema, excoriation, and fissure formation) is associated with lower clinical response rates among patients treated with short courses of topical or oral therapy. Either 7-14 days of topical azole or 150 mg of fluconazole in two sequential oral doses (second dose 72 hours after initial dose) is recommended.

• #19 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/candidiasis.htm

  The optimal treatment of nonalbicans VVC remains unknown; however, a longer duration of therapy (7-14 days) with a nonfluconazole azole regimen (oral or topical) is recommended. If recurrence occurs, 600 mg of boric acid in a gelatin capsule administered vaginally once daily for 3 weeks is indicated. This regimen has clinical and mycologic eradication rates of approximately 70%.

• #20 How is vaginitis treated? | NICHD – Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/treatments

  The treatment needed depends on the type of vaginitis a woman has. […] Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is treated with an antibiotic that gets rid of the harmful bacteria and leaves the good bacteria. […] Treatment is recommended for women with symptoms. […] Yeast infections are usually treated with a topical cream or with medicine that is placed inside the vagina. […] A healthcare provider can write a prescription for most yeast infection treatments. […] Trichomoniasis is usually treated with a single-dose antibiotic medicine. […] Vaginitis caused by allergy or sensitivity can be treated by not using the product that causes symptoms. […] A woman’s healthcare provider may also give her a medicated cream to relieve symptoms until the reaction goes away.

• #21 Treatment of vulvovaginitis

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/treatment-of-vulvovaginitis.html

  The treatment is either a single 2 g dose of metronidazole or 400 mg twice daily for 5-7 days. […] Treatment of the initial infection by genital herpes simplex virus should begin within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms the earlier the better. […] The treatment of vulvovaginitis is guided by the cause. Specialist advice is appropriate if the diagnosis is unclear or if symptoms persist despite following the recommended treatment regimens.

• #22

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/vaginitis

  It is important to treat all cases of trichomonas infection, even if there are no symptoms. Treatment consists of a course of oral antibiotics (metronidazole or tinidazole). […] Atrophic vaginitis refers to a type of vaginitis that occurs because of oestrogen deficiency, usually after menopause. Treatment of atrophic vaginitis usually depends on replacing oestrogen in the tissues.

• #23 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Trichomoniasis. Your provider will prescribe oral antibiotics to kill the parasite causing the infection. […] Non-infectious vaginitis. You must identify the cause of the irritation and then take steps to stop using it. […] Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (atrophic vaginitis). When a lack of estrogen is the cause of your symptoms, taking prescription estrogen can improve your symptoms. […] You should avoid having sex during treatment for vaginitis until your symptoms go away and/or until your medication is complete. […] It isnt a good idea to wait for vaginitis to disappear unless you know whats causing it. […] Vaginitis is uncomfortable, but finding the cause and the right treatment can bring relief. […] Getting the right diagnosis and treating all causes of your vaginitis is key when it comes to relieving your symptoms.

• #24 Vaginitis Medication: Nitroimidazoles, Antifungals, Antibiotics, Hormones

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-medication

  Hormones are indicated for management of atrophic vaginitis resulting from diminished levels of circulating estrogens. A relative lack of estrogen also predisposes the vagina and vulva to infection. […] Estrogen is indicated for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis and atrophic urethritis associated with menopause.

• #25 Vaginitis | Vulvovaginitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/vaginitis.html

  Vaginitis is common, especially in women in their reproductive years. […] The treatment depends on which type of vaginitis you have. […] BV is treatable with antibiotics. You may get pills to swallow, or cream or gel that you put in your vagina. […] Yeast infections are usually treated with a cream or with medicine that you put inside your vagina. […] The treatment for trichomoniasis is usually a single-dose antibiotic. […] If your vaginitis is due to an allergy or sensitivity to a product, you need to figure out which product is causing the problem. […] If the cause of your vaginitis is a hormonal change, your health care provider may give you estrogen cream to help with your symptoms. […] It is important to treat BV and trichomoniasis, because having either of them can increase your risk for getting HIV or another STI. […] To help prevent vaginitis: Do not douche or use vaginal sprays. […] Wear cotton underwear.

• #26 Overview of Vaginitis – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/overview-of-vaginitis

  If symptoms of noninfectious conditions are moderate or severe or do not respond to other measures, topical corticosteroids (eg, topical 1% hydrocortisone twice a day as needed) can be applied to the vulva but not in the vagina. Oral antihistamines may be suggested to decrease pruritus and cause drowsiness, helping patients sleep.

• #27 Overview of Vaginitis – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/overview-of-vaginitis

  Infectious vaginitis (eg, bacterial vaginosis, candidal vaginitis, trichomoniasis) or any other cause is treated. […] If a foreign body is present, it is removed. […] For contact irritant or allergic vulvitis, any identified irritant or allergen should be avoided. In general, vaginal douching and unnecessary topical preparations (eg, feminine hygiene sprays) should be avoided. […] If chronic vulvar inflammation is due to being bedbound or incontinent, vulvar hygiene and skin care measures may help. Prepubertal girls should be taught vulvar hygiene (eg, wiping front to back after bowel movements and voiding, washing hands, avoiding frequent touching of the vulvovaginal area). […] Infectious, irritant, or allergic vulvovaginitis may cause significant discomfort until adequately treated. Intermittent use of ice packs or warm sitz baths with or without baking soda may reduce soreness and pruritus.

• #28 Vaginitis Medication: Nitroimidazoles, Antifungals, Antibiotics, Hormones

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-medication

  The goals of pharmacotherapy in vaginitis are to reduce morbidity, prevent complications, and eradicate the infection. Drugs used for infectious causes of vaginitis may be applied topically or may require oral or parenteral administration. […] Nitroimidazoles (eg, metronidazole, secnidazole) are highly effective for treating Trichomonas vaginalis infections and bacterial vaginosis. […] The antifungal agents used to treat vaginitis are imidazole derivatives that exert a fungicidal effect by altering permeability of the fungal cell membrane. […] Intravaginal and topical therapy with a variety of antifungals (eg, clotrimazole, miconazole, terconazole, tioconazole) is highly effective. […] The oral triterpenoid agent, ibrexafungerp, is the first non-azole antifungal approved for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and the first drug approved in a new antifungal class for VVC in more than 20 years.

• #29 Vaginitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-treatment

  Atrophic vaginitis can be treated with lubricants, estrogen vaginal cream, tablets, and rings, among others. […] Vaginal suppositories containing human Lactobacillus strains are under investigation, as are changes in formulation strategies to improve pharmacologic delivery and treatment modalities. […] Refer patients with resistant infections or persistent symptoms of vulvovaginitis to a gynecologist. […] Patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV infection, should be treated with the same regimens as other patients. […] Acidophilus supplements in the diet may help prevent vaginitis, especially if patients are taking antibiotics. […] Patients should be instructed to abstain from sexual activity and from douching until a diagnosis has been made. […] Reducing simple carbohydrates, refined foods, and alcohol helps to reduce frequent/persistent yeast infection.

• #30 Vaginitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-treatment

  Treatment of vaginitis may include sitz baths and instruction regarding proper toilet and hygiene techniques. […] A patients idea of vaginal normality may be inaccurate and result in increased or unnecessary treatment seeking. […] Intravaginal imidazoles can be purchased over the counter and have proven efficacy for vaginal candidiasis. […] Vaginal anti-itch creams provide only symptomatic relief. […] Homeopathic treatments for vaginitis (boric acid, tea tree oil, live acidophilus, garlic) have not been well studied but may have some efficacy. […] Treatment of vaginitis varies by cause and is directed at the relevant pathogen. […] A German study has suggested that a 6-day vaginal application of dequalinium chloride (10 mg) is a safe and effective treatment option for mixed vaginal infections or those with an uncertain diagnosis.

• #31 Bacterial Vaginosis: Treatments, Symptoms, and FAQ

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-forbacterial-vaginosis

  Probiotics are good bacteria. Taking probiotic supplements may help introduce healthy bacteria into your body. […] According to a 2019 review of 10 studies, which focused on the effects of probiotics on bacterial vaginosis, theres evidence that taking probiotic supplements daily may help treat and prevent BV. […] Garlic has strong antibacterial properties, and its long been used as a home remedy for BV. […] Boric acid vaginal suppositories are commonly used to treat BV, according to research from 2019. […] The most effective options are prescription antibiotics. These include metronidazole and clindamycin, which you may take as a pill or cream. […] In some cases, a doctor might prescribe tinidazole or secnidazole. These medications are also antibiotics. Taking probiotics, garlic capsules, and boric acid may also help. […] If you cant use or access antibiotics, certain bacterial vaginosis home remedies namely probiotics, garlic (orally only), and boric acid suppositories could treat BV. However, a 2018 research review indicates that these natural BV treatments arent as effective as antibiotics.

• #32 Vaginitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginitis

  Vaginitis is often caused by an infection or the disruption of the healthy vaginal flora. The cause of the infection determines the appropriate treatment. It may include oral or topical antibiotics and/or antifungal creams, antibacterial creams, or similar medications. A cream containing cortisone may also be used to relieve some of the irritation. If an allergic reaction is involved, an antihistamine may also be prescribed. For women who have irritation and inflammation caused by low levels of estrogen (postmenopausal), a topical estrogen cream might be prescribed. […] The following are typical treatments for trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and yeast infections: Trichomoniasis: Oral treatment with either metronidazole or tinidazole. „Sexual partner(s) should be treated simultaneously. Patients should be advised to avoid sexual intercourse for at least 1 week and until they and their partner(s) have completed treatment and follow-up.” Bacterial vaginosis: The most commonly used antibiotics are metronidazole, available in both pill and gel form, and clindamycin available in both pill and cream form. Yeast infections: Local azole, in the form of ovula and cream. All agents appear to be equally effective. These anti-fungal medications, which are available in over the counter form, are generally used to treat yeast infections. Treatment may last anywhere between one, three, or seven days. […] An effective treatment option for mixed infectious vaginitis is a combination of clotrimazole and metronidazole.

• #33 Vaginitis Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/womens-health/conditions/vaginitis

  Vaginitis is a common condition involving inflammation or infection of the vagina. It can cause itching, burning, pain, discharge, and bad odor. […] There are several types of vaginitis, each with its own cause, symptoms, and treatments. […] The treatment your doctor recommends will depend on the type of vaginitis a person has. […] Prescription antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial vaginosis, and you must complete your prescription to help prevent a recurrence. (BV often recurs.) During treatment, you should either wear a condom during sex or not have sex. […] Over-the-counter (OTC) topical creams, gels, or suppositories you insert into your vagina are common vaginal yeast infection treatments. (But these OTC medicines won’t cure other types of vaginitis.) Your doctor can also prescribe fluconazole, which is a single dose you take orally.

• #34 Vaginitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Therapy, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257141-treatment

  Good hygiene, avoiding tight undergarments, wearing 100% cotton underwear, and keeping the area dry also may play a role in preventing candidal infections. […] No studies show any benefit to douching as a treatment or prevention for vaginitis; douching may actually exacerbate symptoms. […] In cases of recurrent or resistant vaginal candidiasis, yeast culture, glucose intolerance test, and HIV testing should be offered.

• #35 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Vaginitis-Treatment.aspx

  It is important that patients finish the entire course of antibiotics, even if their symptoms have subsided. This helps to prevent recurrence of infection and to ensure the bacteria are eradicated completely. […] If vaginitis is caused by contact with an irritant, the first step in the treatment plan should involve its removal or discontinuation of use. […] Although symptoms usually resolve upon removal of the offending agent, topical corticosteroids may also offer a benefit but must be used cautiously to avoid a local sensation of burning. Other symptomatic treatments include sodium bicarbonate baths and the topical application of vegetable oil. […] Women that suffer from vaginitis on a regular basis may benefit from certain techniques to prevent future infections.

• #36 Vaginitis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm

  Vaginitis is a swelling or infection of the vulva and vagina. It may also be called vulvovaginitis. Vaginitis is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages. It can be caused by: […] Keep your genital area clean and dry when you have vaginitis. […] Avoid douching. Douching may worsen vaginitis symptoms because it removes healthy bacteria that line the vagina. These bacteria help protect against infection. […] Creams, suppositories, or pills are used to treat yeast infections in the vagina. You can buy most of them without a prescription at drug stores, some grocery stores, and other stores. […] Follow the directions that came with the medicine you are using. […] Your health care provider can also prescribe a medicine called fluconazole. This medicine is a pill that you take once by mouth.

• #37 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Complications

  https://www.webmd.com/women/what-is-bacterial-vaginosis

  Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment […] There are a variety of medications your doctor may prescribe to treat BV. Even if you dont have symptoms, its important to know how to get rid of BV. […] To treat BV, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics, which could be in the form of a tablet or granules you take by mouth, or an ovule suppository, cream, or gel you put into your vagina. […] BV will sometimes go away on its own. More often though, the infection will continue or get worse. BV may also come back if it isnt fully treated. Untreated BV is most harmful during pregnancy but increases the risk of STIs and can cause irritation, discharge, and a strong vaginal odor. […] Metronidazole, secnidazole, and tinidazole wont affect the birth control pill or patch. However, they can cause nausea or stomach pain, especially if you drink alcohol during or 1-3 days after treatment. Its recommended to avoid drinking alcohol with these medications. […] If your partner also has a vagina, they may want to see their doctor to find out if they need treatment. Partners with a penis do not need to be treated.

• #38 Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/overview-of-vaginitis-vaginal-infection-or-inflammation

  Prevention includes the following: Keeping the genital area clean and dry to avoid irritation and changes in the balance of bacteria (washing with a mild, nonscented soap and rinsing and drying thoroughly are recommended). […] Avoiding douching because douching can remove normal, protective bacteria from the vagina and reduce the acidity of the vagina, making infections, including pelvic inflammatory disease, more likely.

• #39 Vaginitis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm

  For more severe symptoms, you may need to use the medicine to treat a yeast infection for up to 14 days. If you have yeast infections often, your provider may suggest using medicine for yeast infections every week to prevent infections. […] Contact your provider if: […] Your symptoms are not improving […] You have pelvic pain or a fever.

• #40 How to treat vaginitis? – Uniprix

  https://www.uniprix.com/en/article/vaginitis-prevention-and-treatment

  In the case of a vaginal yeast infection, it is important to consult a doctor in the following cases: You are a girl who is under the age of 12 or prepubescent. You are pregnant. You are diabetic. You have bleeding. This is your second infection in less than two months or you have had four or more infections in the past 12 months. You have a fever, abdominal pain, or an increased urge to urinate.

• #41 How to treat vaginitis? – Uniprix

  https://www.uniprix.com/en/article/vaginitis-prevention-and-treatment

  Vaginal yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications. These include vaginal tablets and suppositories (or ovules), creams, and single-dose oral tablets. If you opt for cream or suppositories, take them at bedtime for 1 to 7 consecutive days and continue use during your period. Panty liners are recommended throughout the course of treatment. […] Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis both require a medical examination, as these conditions are treated with antibiotics that can only be acquired with a doctor’s prescription. […] It is recommended you see a doctor to get a diagnosis if this is the first time you have experienced abnormal vaginal discharge. […] Vaginal discharge that is foul smelling or that is accompanied by the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis described above always requires a medical consultation, in order to obtain the appropriate prescription-only treatment.

• #42 Vaginitis (Vaginal Infections): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/sexual-health-vaginal-infections

  You can treat both BV and trichomoniasis with a medication called metronidazole (Flagyl). When you’re treating trichomoniasis, you take it in pill form by mouth. You can also take metronidazole to treat BV, or you can use clindamycin topical (Cleocin T) or metronidazole gel (MetroGel Vaginal) in your vagina. […] Some types of vaginitis can be treated by antibiotics. The antibiotics could be pills, or they might be a gel or cream that you put on your vagina. You should feel better about two weeks after starting antibiotics. […] With treatment, vaginitis caused by bacteria or fungus can get better in 2 weeks. Treatment can make the symptoms of viral vaginitis go away, but it won’t cure it. Some people have a hard time getting rid of vaginitis. In these cases, it could take 3-6 months to get better. […] You should always talk to a doctor to find out what is causing your vaginitis and how to treat it. Some mild cases can go away on their own, but many require medicine. Not treating vaginitis can cause other problems, like raising your risk of more STIs.

• #43 Vaginitis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/vaginitis.html

  Trichomonas vaginal infections are treated with metronidazole, which is given orally. To prevent reinfection, all sex partners of an infected person also must be treated for Trichomonas. Metronidazole should not be used by pregnant women during the first trimester. […] Medications cure up to 90% of vaginal infections. If you do not improve with the first treatment, your doctor usually can cure your infection with a longer course of medication, or a different medication. Trichomonas vaginitis that persists despite treatment usually occurs when a woman’s sex partner has not been treated. Without treatment, the partner will continue to transmit Trichomonas.

Zobacz więcej