Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0301/p321.html

  Vaginitis is defined as any condition with symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, itching, or burning. […] The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. […] Treatment of noninfectious vaginitis should be directed at the underlying cause. Atrophic vaginitis is treated with hormonal and nonhormonal therapies. […] Treatment of bacterial vaginosis is recommended for resolving symptoms, as well as reducing the risk of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and herpes simplex virus type 2 infections. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved a single-dose oral therapy for bacterial vaginosis, secnidazole (Solosec), which will be available in 2018. […] The CDC recommends that only topical azole therapies, applied for seven days, be used in pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. […] Treatment of trichomoniasis can decrease symptoms and reduce transmission to partners.

• #1 Vaginitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354707

  Good hygiene might prevent some types of vaginitis from recurring and relieve some symptoms: […] Avoid baths, hot tubs and whirlpool spas. […] Avoid irritants. These include scented tampons, pads, douches and scented soaps. Rinse soap from your outer genital area after a shower and dry the area well to prevent irritation. Don’t use harsh soaps, such as those with deodorant or antibacterial action, or bubble bath. […] Wipe from front to back after using the toilet. Doing so avoids spreading fecal bacteria to your vagina. […] Other things that might help prevent vaginitis include: […] Avoid douching. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than regular showering. Repetitive douching disrupts the good organisms that live in the vagina and can increase your risk of vaginal infection. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. […] Practice safer sex. Using a condom and limiting the number of sex partners can help. […] Wear cotton underwear. Also wear pantyhose with a cotton crotch. Consider not wearing underwear to bed. Yeast thrives in moist environments.

• #1 Vaginitis: Types, symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175101

• #1 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  How can I prevent vaginitis? […] There are certain things you can do to decrease your chance of getting vaginitis. Practicing good hygiene and safe sex are key. Other things you can do include: […] Avoid wearing clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Wearing nylon underwear, pantyhose without a cotton panel or tight spandex, yoga pants or jeans may lead to yeast infections. Choose loose, breathable fabrics that dont hold in moisture, like cotton. […] Avoid staying in a wet bathing suit or sweaty workout clothes for too long. A warm, moist environment is ideal for yeast and bacteria to grow. […] Avoid cleaning your vagina with heavily perfumed soaps or sprays. Vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps can irritate your vagina and worsen your vaginal infection. […] Dont douche. Douching can disrupt the healthy balance of bacteria in your vagina and lead to a vaginal infection. Douching can also hide an infection you already have.

• #1 Vaginitis | ACOG

  https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginitis

  How can vaginitis be prevented? […] There are a number of things you can do to reduce the risk of getting vaginitis: […] Do not use feminine hygiene sprays or scented tampons. […] Do not douche. It is better to let the vagina cleanse itself. […] Use plain warm water to clean the vulva. Soaps and detergents can change the normal balance of organisms inside the vagina. […] Thoroughly clean diaphragms, cervical caps, and spermicide applicators after each use. […] Use condoms during sex. […] Check with your ob-gyn about preventing yeast infections if you are prescribed antibiotics for another type of infection.

• #1 Preventing and Treating Bacterial Vaginosis

  https://patient.info/sexual-health/vaginal-discharge-female-discharge/treating-and-preventing-bacterial-vaginosis

  Can bacterial vaginosis be prevented? […] Most episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV) occur for no apparent reason and they cannot be prevented. The following are thought to help prevent some episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV). The logic behind these tips is to try not to upset the normal balance of bacteria (germs) in the vagina: […] Do not push water into your vagina to clean it (douching). The vagina needs no specific cleaning. […] Do not add bath oils, antiseptics, scented soaps, perfumed bubble bath, shampoos, etc, to bath water. […] Do not use strong detergents to wash your underwear. […] Do not wash around your vagina and vulva too often. Once a day is usually enough, using gentle soaps and water. […] Don’t use perfumed 'intimate hygiene’ products. […] Using a condom and/or a water-based lubricant during intercourse may help protect you. […] Avoid using sex toys inside the vagina. […] Avoid thongs and tight nylon tights. […] Have showers rather than baths. […] Lighter periods seem to make BV less likely to return, so if you have heavy periods and were considering seeking treatment, this might be another reason to do so.

• #1 Preventing Vaginitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/preventing-vaginitis

  Change your tampon often. During your period, make sure to change your tampon as often as directed on the package. This allows the normal flow of vaginal discharge and blood. […] Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the greater your risk of infection. Using condoms helps reduce your risk. […] Get enough sleep. Sleep helps keep your body’s immune system healthy. This helps you fight infection. […] Lose weight, if needed. Excess weight can reduce air circulation around your vagina. This can increase your risk of infection. […] Exercise regularly. Regular activity helps keep your body healthy. […] Take antibiotics only as directed. Antibiotics can change the normal chemical balance in the vagina. […] Don’t sit in wet clothes. Yeast thrives when it’s warm and damp. […] Don’t wear tight pants. And don’t wear tights, nylon underpants, leggings, or hose without a cotton crotch or cotton lining. These types of clothing trap warmth and moisture. […] Wear cotton underwear. Cotton lets air circulate around the vagina.

• #1 Vaginitis Testing and Treatment – Stamps Health Services

  https://health.gatech.edu/vaginitis-testing-and-treatment/

  Good hygiene may prevent some types of vaginitis from recurring and may relieve some symptoms: […] Other things that may help prevent vaginitis include: […] Don’t douche. Your vagina doesn’t require cleansing other than normal bathing. Repetitive douching disrupts the normal organisms that reside in the vagina and can actually increase your risk of vaginal infection. Douching won’t clear up a vaginal infection. […] Use a latex condom. This helps avoid infections spread by sexual contact. […] Wear cotton underwear and pantyhose with a cotton crotch. If you feel comfortable without it, skip wearing underwear to bed. Yeast thrives in moist environments.

• #1

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/vaginitis

  Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina, or internal genitals. Vaginitis has many causes, including some sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Two other types of vaginitis include: atrophic vaginitis and vulvodynia. […] Vaginitis that is caused by an infection can usually be cured with antibiotics. […] Treatment for vaginitis depends on the cause. If the vaginitis is caused by an STI, your health provider may give you antibiotics or antivirals to treat the infection. Atrophic vaginitis can be treated with prescription estrogen cream. […] There are a number of things you can do to prevent vaginitis: […] It is a good idea to be tested regularly for STIs, especially if you have new sexual partners or open relationships. Talking with partners about safer sex makes sure everyone knows what to expect. Condoms are great if they work for you the correct use of condoms reduces your chances of getting and passing some STIs that cause vaginitis.

• #1 About Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bacterial-vaginosis/about/index.html

  Healthcare providers and scientists do not completely understand how BV spreads or know how best to prevent it. […] The following basic prevention steps may help lower your risk of getting BV: Not having sex, Limiting your number of sex partners, Not douching, Using condoms the right way every time you have sex.

• #1 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9131-vaginitis

  Wipe from front to back. Be careful to not spread poop from your anus into your vagina. Similarly, be sure to wash sex toys or other objects (including fingers) before placing them in your vagina. […] Ask your healthcare provider about the benefits of taking hormones. If youre approaching menopause or have low levels of estrogen for any reason, talk to a healthcare provider about the potential benefits of using vaginal hormone pills or creams to keep your vagina lubricated and healthy. […] Get regular screenings. Good health habits are important. Have a complete gynecologic exam, including screening for cervical cancer, at regular intervals as recommended by your provider. If you have multiple sexual partners, you should request screening for STIs.

• #1 How to Prevent Vaginitis | Right as Rain

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/prevention/vaginitis

  When it comes to supporting vaginal health, Stephens says it all comes down to your gut. […] Adding foods such as yogurt, kimchi and miso — which are high in lactobacillus — will help restore and maintain vaginal balance. […] Diet, hygiene and lifestyle changes will go a long way in promoting vaginal health. But if you do experience any symptoms or notice a change in your vagina, visit your primary doctor or gynecologist for diagnosis and treatment.

• #1 Bacterial Vaginosis — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/bacterial-vaginosis

  Prevention strategies for bacterial vaginosis (BV) focus on maintaining a normal vaginal pH and balance of bacteria. Recommendations include: […] Avoid douching […] Wash genital area with water only; avoid using soap, vaginal wipes, or antiseptics […] Wear cotton underwear […] Use condoms. […] Some patients may find vaginal health probiotics containing lactobacilli or vaginal acidification (eg, using lactic or boric acid) helpful for BV treatment or prophylaxis, although further high-quality randomised trials are needed to draw clear conclusions regarding their efficacy.

• #1 Vaginal Yeast Infection: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5019-vaginal-yeast-infection

  You can often prevent vaginal yeast infections by making a few lifestyle changes. These changes can include: […] Not douching douching can kill bacteria that actually control fungus. […] Avoiding the use of feminine deodorants. […] Not using scented tampons or pads. […] Changing out of wet clothing, like bathing suits or gym clothes, as soon as you can. […] Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes. […] Using water-based sexual lubricants. […] Keeping your blood sugar levels in a normal range if you have diabetes.

• #1 Vaginitis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.vaginitis-care-instructions.uh2719

  Vaginitis is soreness or infection of the vagina. This common problem can cause itching and burning. And it can cause a change in vaginal discharge. Sometimes it can cause pain during sex. Vaginitis may be caused by bacteria, yeast, or other germs. Some infections that cause it are caught from a sexual partner. Bath products, spermicides, and douches can irritate the vagina too. […] Your doctor can give you medicine to treat vaginitis. And home care may help you feel better. For certain types of infections, your sex partner(s) must be treated too. […] Ask your doctor if your sex partner(s) also needs treatment. […] Do not use scented bath products. And do not use vaginal sprays or douches. […] If you have dryness because of menopause, use estrogen cream or pills that your doctor prescribes. […] Use a personal lubricant before sex if you have dryness. Examples are Astroglide, K-Y Jelly, and Wet Lubricant Gel.

• #1 Vaginitis – Health Promotion

  https://healthpromotion.uga.edu/sexual-health/vaginitis/

  Vaginitis may have any combination of the following symptoms: […] The most effective way to prevent vaginitis is to understand its causes and follow advice to reduce your risk. […] Poor diet, lack of sleep, stress, or the presence of other disease or infection can lower your body’s resistance to vaginitis. […] Medications such as antibiotics, hormones and douching also can increase susceptibility. […] If you are unsure of your sexual partners contacts outside your relationship, insist that a condom be used during sex. […] Using a condom will help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and vaginitis. […] We also recommend use of additional lubrication with condoms if needed. […] If you or your partner notice any genital sores or penile discharge, do not have sexual intercourse until you both have been treated.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11908-020-0712-7

  Due to broad spectrum susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole, its convenience as an oral agent, and predictable patient tolerance and safety, current practice guidelines recommend the use of long-term suppression regimens of fluconazole as prophylaxis for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), as well as in abbreviated doses when known trigger factors emerge and inevitable symptomatic episodes are predictable. […] This literature review discusses current recommendations for prophylaxis of vulvovaginal candidiasis with fluconazole.

• #1 Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Further Outpatient Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/254342-treatment

  Predisposing factors that may contribute to development of bacterial vaginosis (BV) are listed below. Correction or modification of the following factors may help reduce the incidence or recurrence of BV: […] Advise patients to stop douching or using bubble bath or any other over-the-counter vaginal hygiene products. […] Discourage douching, bubble baths, and over-the-counter vulvovaginal hygiene products. […] Studies of topically applied and orally administered yogurt/lactobacilli preparations, which are used to help reestablish the lactobacilli population in the vagina, have demonstrated inconsistent results. […] Some women with recurrent cases of BV may benefit from evaluation and/or treatment of G vaginalis colonization in their male sexual partner. This approach is controversial.

• #1 Vaginitis | Norton Healthcare Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/patient-resources/norton-now/vaginitis/

  Vaginitis often arises from infections like bacterial vaginosis, vaginal yeast infection or trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite. Imbalances in vaginal bacteria, hormonal changes or the use of irritants, such as scented products or douches, can contribute. […] Steps to help prevent a vaginal infection: […] Clean the vulva and vaginal area gently with mild, fragrance-free soap and water. […] Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent the spread of bacteria. […] Avoid scented products, including soaps, bubble baths and feminine hygiene sprays. […] Don’t douche, as it can disrupt your natural vaginal flora balance. […] Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting pants to allow proper airflow. […] Drink plenty of water to maintain overall health.

• #1 Tips for Keeping Your Body in Balance to Prevent Vaginitis and Vulvitis – Donna Hagberg, MD, LLC

  https://donnahagbergmd.com/tips-for-keeping-your-body-in-balance-to-prevent-vaginitis-and-vulvitis/

  Keeping your body in balance plays an important role in keeping your vagina healthy and avoiding infections, like vaginitis and vulvitis. […] That’s why we put together this helpful guide with tips for keeping your body in balance to prevent vaginitis and vulvitis. […] Change tampons frequently to avoid increasing your risk of infections, like vaginitis and vulvitis. […] Use condoms or other barrier protection methods to protect against STDs and vaginitis. […] Taking a probiotic can restore the balance of healthy bacteria in the vagina. […] Avoid products with irritants and perfumes. […] The chlorine in pools and hot tubs can irritate the vulva, and yeast and bacteria love warm, moist environments, increasing the risk of vaginitis. […] Be sure to wipe properly to keep bacteria from fecal matter out of the vagina to prevent infections. […] Annual exams give you a chance to discuss any ongoing issues with Dr. Hagberg and learn how to prevent other conditions from arising.

• #2 Core Concepts – Vaginitis – Self-Study Lessons – National STD Curriculum

  https://www.std.uw.edu/go/comprehensive-study/vaginitis/core-concept/all

  Vaginitis is common among women of reproductive age and is usually characterized by vaginal discharge, vulvar itching and irritation, and a vaginal odor. The three most common conditions diagnosed among women with vaginal symptoms presenting in the primary care setting are bacterial vaginosis (22 to 50%), trichomoniasis (4 to 35%), and vulvovaginal candidiasis (17 to 39%). In some cases, the etiology of vaginitis may be mixed, and in approximately 30% of symptomatic women, no etiologic agent is identified. The development of vaginitis is impacted by the dynamic vaginal ecosystem, which changes with age. The normal vaginal bacterial microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus species, but a variety of other facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria are also present at much lower levels. Lactobacilli convert glycogen to lactic acid, which helps to maintain a normal acidic vaginal pH of 3.8 to 4.5. Some lactobacilli produce H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), which serves as a host defense mechanism and kills bacteria and viruses. Normal vaginal discharge is clear to white, odorless, and of high viscosity. The following will address the most common causes of vaginitis is addressed in the individual sections in this lesson on Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.

• #2 Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) – Women’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/vaginitis-cervicitis-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/overview-of-vaginitis-vaginal-infection-or-inflammation

  Prevention includes the following: […] Keeping the genital area clean and dry to avoid irritation and changes in the balance of bacteria (washing with a mild, nonscented soap and rinsing and drying thoroughly are recommended) […] Wiping from front to back after urinating or having a bowel movement to prevent bacteria in fecal matter from being moved to the vagina […] Avoiding douching because douching can remove normal, protective bacteria from the vagina and reduce the acidity of the vagina, making infections, including pelvic inflammatory disease, more likely […] Practicing safer sex.

• #2 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/vaginitis/how-do-i-prevent-vaginitis

  Avoiding things that can change the natural balance of your vagina or cause irritation is the best way to keep your vagina healthy. […] In general, anything that changes the chemical balance in your vagina can lead to vaginitis. […] Here are a few ways to keep your vulva and vagina healthy: Don’t use scented tampons and pads, vaginal deodorants, and perfumed „feminine hygiene” products. […] Stop using any perfumed bath products (like soap or bubble bath), laundry products, and scented or colored toilet paper if they irritate your skin. […] Don’t douche; douching washes away the good, healthy stuff in your vagina and throws off your vagina’s natural balance. […] Vaginas are self-cleaning, so you don’t need to clean the inside of your vagina. […] Vaginitis develops more quickly when your vulva is moist, so keep your genital area as dry as possible.

• #2 Vaginitis – self-care: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000566.htm

  Vaginitis is a common problem that can affect women and girls of all ages. It can be caused by: […] Keep your genital area clean and dry when you have vaginitis. […] Avoid douching. Douching may worsen vaginitis symptoms because it removes healthy bacteria that line the vagina. These bacteria help protect against infection. […] Always practice safe sex. And use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections. […] If you are taking antibiotics for another infection, eating yogurt with live cultures or taking Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements may help prevent a yeast infection.

• #2 How to Prevent Vaginitis | Right as Rain

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/prevention/vaginitis

  Luckily, that doesn’t mean you have to live with infections. Stephens shares how to prevent vaginitis, ways to cope with the symptoms and what you can do if you experience repeated infections. […] Several things come into play when it comes to maintaining a healthy vagina and preventing infections. […] “We want to stay away from those scented soaps, detergents or sprays,” encourages Stephens. “If you try to make your vulva and vagina smell like something it is not, even momentarily, it can irritate.” […] Instead, Stephens recommends using water or mild, nonfragrant soap to gently clean down there with your hand. […] You also want to avoid wearing tight pants and underwear that hold in heat and moisture. Opt for loose, breathable fabric and change out of wet clothes and bathing suits.

• #2 Vaginitis – Health Promotion

  https://healthpromotion.uga.edu/sexual-health/vaginitis/

  Do not use bubble baths, douching, deodorant tampons or pads, or colored or scented bathroom tissue. […] Wear cotton underwear and change at least every 24 hours. […] Sleeping without underwear is also helpful. […] Always wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. Bacteria from the anal area can cause vaginitis. […] Douching is not necessary for feminine hygiene. If you feel the need to douche, please discuss this with your health care provider.

• #2 Vaginitis (Vaginal Infections): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/women/sexual-health-vaginal-infections

  Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don’t recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and, more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended. […] Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, gym shorts and leggings that don’t breathe, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections. […] Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections. […] Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners. […] Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

• #2 Can vaginitis be prevented? | NICHD – Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

  http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/vaginitis/conditioninfo/prevention

  These steps can help prevent vaginitis: […] Women who often get yeast infections may want to avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture, such as pantyhose without a cotton lining, nylon panties, or tight jeans. […] Do not douche or use vaginal sprays because they can kill „good” bacteria or cause irritation. […] Practicing safe sex can help protect against sexually transmitted forms of vaginitis. Limiting the number of sex partners and using condoms are examples of safe sex.

• #2 8 Tips to Stop Bacterial Vaginosis From Recurring | Right as Rain by UW Medicine

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/well/health/bacterial-vaginosis

  No matter the gender(s) of your sex partners, there are condoms available to create a protective barrier if you’re having sex where something is inserted into your vagina. […] Bacteria can collect on things you put in your vagina, like menstrual cups and sex toys, so it’s always important to clean them after use (yes, every time). […] Along with possibly helping prevent BV, this is also just a good habit to get into, as leaving a tampon in for too long in particular can increase your risk for developing toxic shock syndrome (TSS). […] Tight underwear or underwear made from non-breathable fabric (like silk or polyester) can prevent airflow and encourage bacteria to grow. […] This one is controversial, as there still isn’t much research on whether probiotics actually do much to help treat or prevent bacterial vaginosis. […] Until more robust treatments are widely available, it’s important to finish your full course of antibiotics if you have bacterial vaginosis, and never hesitate to talk with your doctor if the condition comes back post-treatment.

• #2 Patient education: Bacterial vaginosis (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-beyond-the-basics

  Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge. […] Options to reduce the risk of BV include regularly using condoms, washing sex toys after every use, and using hormonal contraception (if appropriate). […] While the best ways to reduce the risk of BV coming back are not known, a few basic steps can be helpful, including: Finish the entire course of treatment for BV, even if the symptoms resolve after a few doses. […] Use condoms correctly and consistently for all types of sexual activity. […] Consider hormonal birth control if you want to prevent pregnancy. Some studies suggest that using birth control pills that contain an estrogen and progestin reduces the risk of recurrent BV. […] Do not douche. Douching is the use of a solution to rinse the inside of the vagina. There is no proven benefit of douching. The vagina is normally able to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria; douching can upset this balance and potentially flush harmful bacteria into the upper genital tracts (uterus and fallopian tubes).

• #2 Bacterial Vaginosis: Treatments, Symptoms, and FAQ

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-forbacterial-vaginosis

  Bacterial vaginosis is common in people with a vagina. Although it can clear up on its own, getting treatment can lower your chance of complications and health risks. […] According to the CDC, BV is more common in sexually active people. However, researchers do not understand exactly why. […] Although BV can’t always be prevented, you can take the following precautions against BV: avoid douching, use a daily probiotic, use condoms. […] According to the CDC, experts still don’t fully understand how BV spreads. But in general, anything that changes the chemical balance in your vagina can increase your risk of BV. […] If you have BV, you could try taking probiotics daily to help treat and prevent future cases of this condition. Probiotics are available in everyday foods as well as supplements.

• #2 Patient education: Vaginal yeast infection (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vaginal-yeast-infection-beyond-the-basics

  Diabetes mellitus – Women with diabetes mellitus who have poor glycemic (blood sugar) control are more prone to vulvovaginal candidiasis than women whose blood sugar is normal. Maintaining good glycemic control can help to prevent vaginal infection. Patients who are using SGLT2 inhibitors to treat diabetes also frequently develop vulvovaginal yeast infections, including recurrent infections. […] Antibiotics – One-quarter to one-third of women are prone to vulvovaginal candidiasis during or after taking broad spectrum antibiotics. These drugs inhibit normal bacterial flora, which favors growth of potential pathogens such as Candida. In women susceptible to symptomatic yeast infections with antibiotic therapy, a dose of oral fluconazole at the start and end of antibiotic therapy may prevent post-antibiotic vulvovaginitis.

• #2 Patient education: Vaginal yeast infection (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/vaginal-yeast-infection-beyond-the-basics

  Increased estrogen levels – Vulvovaginal candidiasis appears to occur more often in the setting of increased estrogen levels, such as oral contraceptive use (especially when estrogen dose is high), pregnancy, and estrogen therapy, including topical or intravaginal estrogen therapy by postmenopausal women. […] Immunosuppression – Candidal infections are more common people whose immune system is weaker than normal, such as those who take corticosteroids or have HIV infection. […] Contraceptive devices – Vaginal sponges, diaphragms, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) have been associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis, but not consistently. Spermicides are not associated with Candida infection. […] Probiotics – Probiotics have not been shown to prevent vaginal yeast infections and are not recommended. […] There is no good evidence showing a link between vulvovaginal candidiasis and hygienic habits or wearing tight or synthetic clothing.

• #2 Preventing Vaginitis

  https://sbcountydepartmentofpublichealth.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Wellness/Fitness/3,82199

  Wipe correctly. Make sure to wipe from front to back after a bowel movement. This helps to keep from spreading bacteria from your anus to your vagina. […] Change your tampon often. During your period, make sure to change your tampon as often as directed on the package. This allows the normal flow of vaginal discharge and blood. […] Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the greater your risk of infection. Using condoms helps reduce your risk. […] Get enough sleep. Sleep helps keep your body’s immune system healthy. This helps you fight infection. […] Lose weight, if needed. Excess weight can reduce air circulation around your vagina. This can increase your risk of infection. […] Exercise regularly. Regular activity helps keep your body healthy. […] Take antibiotics only as directed. Antibiotics can change the normal chemical balance in the vagina.

• #2 Prevention is Key: Managing Vaginitis in Women’s Health : Complete Healthcare for Women: OB-GYNs

  https://www.complete-obgyn.com/blog/prevention-is-key-managing-vaginitis-in-womens-health

  Cranberry juice: This is a natural remedy that can help prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can sometimes lead to vaginitis. […] Boric acid: This is a mild antiseptic that can help restore the normal pH of the vagina and prevent the growth of yeast and bacteria. […] Manage stress: Stress can affect your hormones and immune system and make you more susceptible to infections. […] By following these preventive measures, many cases of vaginitis can be avoided. However, if symptoms do arise, it’s important to seek professional medical advice rather than self-treatment. Misdiagnosis can lead to worsened conditions or mask more serious issues.

• #2 How to Stop Recurring BV Infections Permanently

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-stop-recurring-bv-infections-permanently

  You can prevent bacterial vaginosis by taking proper care of your vaginal health, avoiding tight underwear, taking probiotics, and more. These strategies can also help you prevent recurrence if you’ve been treated before. […] However, taking the following steps may help reduce your risk of recurring BV infections. […] Pay attention to vaginal hygiene […] avoid douching, which can increase your risk of developing BV […] Wear breathable underwear […] It’s a good idea to choose underwear that’s loose-fitting, lightweight, breathable, and made from a natural fabric, like cotton. […] Ask about boric acid suppositories […] Speak to your healthcare provider if you’re considering this option to make sure it’s safe for you. […] Use condoms […] If you’ve been treated for BV, consistently using condoms may prevent the infection from returning.

• #2 How Can I Treat Vaginitis at Home?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_can_i_treat_vaginitis_at_home/article.htm

  Vaginitis is inflammation due to infection, allergy, disease, irritation, or trauma to the vulva or vagina. Many cases of vaginitis can be treated with over-the-counter medications at home while other cases need to be treated by a doctor depending on the cause. […] Many cases of vaginitis can be treated with over-the-counter medication, while some cases must be treated through prescription, depending on their underlying cause. However, there are several home remedies you can try before heading to the neighborhood pharmacy or your doctors office. […] Depending on the symptoms and cause of vaginitis, there are remedies you can try at home to manage your symptoms. […] Yogurt may be an effective home remedy for multiple variations of vaginitis. Studies show that, when ingested, yogurt that contained proper cultures helped repopulate the vagina with healthy bacteria. Yogurt can help resolve vaginitis and prevent its recurrence.

• #2 Vaginitis | Norton Healthcare Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/patient-resources/norton-now/vaginitis/

  Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and probiotics to support immune function. […] Use barrier methods, like condoms, to reduce the risk of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can lead to vaginitis. […] Attend routine checkups with your gynecologist for preventive care and early detection.

• #2 Vaginitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://www.truemeds.in/diseases/inflammatory-conditions/vaginitis-169

  Vaginitis is a common condition affecting women of all ages, characterised by inflammation or infection of the vagina. It can cause a range of symptoms, including itching, burning, pain, discharge, and bad odour. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for vaginitis is crucial for maintaining vaginal health and preventing complications. […] Preventing vaginitis involves a combination of good hygiene practices and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some key preventive measures: Practice good hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to avoid introducing bacteria from the anus to the vagina. Change out of wet or sweaty clothing promptly, and avoid wearing tight, non-breathable clothing for extended periods. […] By incorporating these preventive strategies into daily life, women can take an active role in maintaining vaginal health and reducing the risk of vaginitis and its associated complications.

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