Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Clostridioides difficile infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431054/

  C difficile infection ranges from asymptomatic carriage to severe conditions such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon, which can lead to fatal outcomes. […] Clinical presentations of C difficile infections vary from being asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic patients experiencing mild diarrhea to severe manifestations such as fever, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, and septic shock. The severity of clinical signs and symptoms varies depending on factors such as the patient’s overall health status and the specific strain of C difficile involved. Common symptoms associated with diarrhea and colitis caused by C difficile include watery diarrhea with mucus or occult blood, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and lower abdominal pain. […] Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, characteristic symptoms of C difficile infection, result from clostridial glycosylation exotoxins toxin A (TcdA), an enterotoxin, and toxin B (TcdB), which is cytotoxic.

• #2 About C. diff | C. diff | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/about/index.html

  C. diff is a germ that causes diarrhea and colitis (an inflammation of the colon) and can be life-threatening. […] Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. […] Developing diarrhea is common while on or after taking antibiotics. Only in a few cases is that diarrhea caused by C. diff infection. If your diarrhea is severe, do not delay getting medical care. […] If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of C. diff infection, contact a healthcare professional.

• #3 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #4 Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–Induced Diarrhea – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-induced-diarrhea

  Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely progressing to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, sepsis, and acute abdomen. […] Symptoms of C. difficile induced diarrhea typically begin 5 to 10 days after starting antibiotics but may occur on the first day or up to 2 months later. Diarrhea may be mild and semiformed, frequent and watery, or sometimes bloody. Cramping or pain is common, but nausea and vomiting are rare. The abdomen may be slightly tender. […] Patients with fulminant colitis, which is characterized by severe acute inflammation of the colon and systemic toxicity, have more pain and appear very ill, with tachycardia and abdominal distention and tenderness. If colonic perforation occurs, peritoneal signs are present.

• #5 C. Diff Infection: A Growing Health Concern | Gastroenterologists located in Midlothian, N. Chesterfield, Short Pump, Henrico, Richmond and Mechanicsville, VA | Richmond Gastroenterology Associates

  https://www.richmondgastro.com/post/c-diff-infection-a-growing-health-concern

  C. diff is a bacteria that can cause mild to severe diarrhea and inflammation of the colon. […] Symptoms can occur 5-10 days after starting a regime of antibiotics. However, onset can vary greatly symptoms may not occur until up to 10 weeks. […] People with a mild case of C. diff infection will experience watery diarrhea about 3 times a day for several days along with mild cramping. In these cases, the infection may clear up on its own. […] More severe cases can cause serious symptoms including: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day (the diarrhea will have a strong smell), Abdominal cramping and pain, Fever, Dehydration, Elevated heart rate, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Blood or pus in the stool. […] You should seek medical attention if you have taken an antibiotic and are experiencing 3 or more watery stools a day for the previous 2 days. Seek immediate attention if the diarrhea is accompanied by a new fever, severe abdominal pain, and/or blood or pus in the stool. If untreated, some cases can lead to very serious complications and potentially death.

• #6 Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) Outbreaks in Public Hospitals – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/clostridium-difficile/

  Symptoms of CDI include: […] Complications include dehydration and colitis and may also lead to life threatening systemic toxicity requiring surgical intervention and may also lead to death. Recurrence of CDI is common and occurs in about 30% of cases. […] CDI may occur when antibiotics kill normal bowel bacteria and allow the C. difficile to grow. When C. difficile grows, it may produce toxins, which can damage the bowel and may cause diarrhea. […] The incubation period of C. difficile following acquisition has not been clearly defined. Studies have determined that onset of infection can occur within 48 hours after exposure and up to 3 months post exposure.

• #7 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #8 C. Diff Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/clostridioides-difficile-colitis

  When you have C. diff, the symptoms can range from mild to severe. […] Mild symptoms can include problems such as: Watery diarrhea that happens three to four times a day for several days, Stomach pain, cramping, or tenderness. […] In more serious infections, there may be blood or pus in the stool. This can happen because C. diff can cause the colon (also called the large intestine) to get inflamed. When this happens, tissue in the colon can bleed or make pus. Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day, Severe cramping, Fever, Nausea, Loss of appetite/weight loss, Dehydration, Rapid heart rate. […] If your C. diff infection is severe, you could get severe intestinal inflammation. Your colon could also get enlarged and you could develop an extreme response called sepsis. All of these problems are serious and could send you to the hospital.

• #9 Clostridioides difficile infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection

  Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. […] Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. […] In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea („new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period”), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 C or 105 F), and a distinctive foul odor to the stool resembling horse manure. […] In children, the most prevalent symptom of a CDI is watery diarrhea with at least three bowel movements a day for two or more days, which may be accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and/or abdominal pain. […] Those with a severe infection also may develop serious inflammation of the colon and have little or no diarrhea.

• #10 What Does C. Diff Poop Look Like? 6 Signs To Watch For (VIDEO) | MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam

  https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/what-does-c-diff-poop-look-like-6-signs-to-watch-for

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a contagious bacteria that can cause an infection in your colon, or large intestine. This video shares six signs to watch for C.diff symptoms. […] C. diff often causes diarrhea that won’t go away even if you’re avoiding trigger foods. If diarrhea lasts longer than a few days and is worse than your usual IBD flares, contact your doctor. […] C. diff poop often looks watery or mushy. This texture shows up because the infection causes your body to absorb less fluids. […] A C. diff infection can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood in your poop. Similarly, a fifth sign of C. diff infection is spotting mucus in your stool. C. diff can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood and mucus in your poop. […] An unusually strong, sometimes sweet smell to your stool can also be a clue. This unique odor is a result of bacterial changes in your gut.

• #11 What Does C. Diff Poop Look Like? 6 Signs To Watch For (VIDEO) | MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam

  https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/what-does-c-diff-poop-look-like-6-signs-to-watch-for

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a contagious bacteria that can cause an infection in your colon, or large intestine. This video shares six signs to watch for C.diff symptoms. […] C. diff often causes diarrhea that won’t go away even if you’re avoiding trigger foods. If diarrhea lasts longer than a few days and is worse than your usual IBD flares, contact your doctor. […] C. diff poop often looks watery or mushy. This texture shows up because the infection causes your body to absorb less fluids. […] A C. diff infection can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood in your poop. Similarly, a fifth sign of C. diff infection is spotting mucus in your stool. C. diff can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood and mucus in your poop. […] An unusually strong, sometimes sweet smell to your stool can also be a clue. This unique odor is a result of bacterial changes in your gut.

• #12 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #13 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  Some people carry the C. diff bacteria in their intestines but never become sick. These people may even be able to spread the bacteria. But typically, those who develop mild to moderate C. diff infection experience the following symptoms: Watery diarrhea three or more times per day for two or more days, Fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal pain and cramps. Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after a person starts antibiotic treatment, though they can appear the same day you start antibiotics, or as much as two months later. […] In severe cases, C. diff infection may cause: Watery diarrhea up to 15 times per day, Dehydration, Swollen abdomen, with severe cramping and pain, Elevated heart rate, Fever, Stool containing blood or pus, Nausea, Loss of appetite or weight loss, Liver or kidney failure, Increased white blood cell count. In general, you should talk to your doctor if you’ve started antibiotic treatment and experience three or more watery stools a day for more than two days, a new fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool.

• #14 C. diff | ID Care Infectious Disease Doctor | New Jersey

  https://idcare.com/blog/what-is-c-diff/

  C. diff (also known as Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium difficile or C. difficile) is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract. Its primary symptoms are watery diarrhea, fever, nausea and abdominal pain. […] While C. diff symptoms are generally mild to moderate, some infections can become life threatening. States Dr. Herman, “It can range from being asymptomatic, to someone who has diarrhea, which is usually watery, loose, foul-smelling stools, three or more times per day – to a fulminant disease, where people develop something called a ‘toxic megacolon’ in which their colon gets big and dilated, and can even perforate, which may be fatal.” The Mayo Clinic compiled the following list of extreme symptoms: […] Watery diarrhea multiple times a day […] Abdominal cramping and pain […] Rapid heart rate […] Fever […] Blood or pus in the stool […] Nausea […] Dehydration […] Loss of appetite […] Weight loss […] Swollen abdomen […] Kidney failure […] Increased white blood cell count.

• #15 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #16 Clostridioides difficile infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection

  Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. […] Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. […] In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea („new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period”), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 C or 105 F), and a distinctive foul odor to the stool resembling horse manure. […] In children, the most prevalent symptom of a CDI is watery diarrhea with at least three bowel movements a day for two or more days, which may be accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and/or abdominal pain. […] Those with a severe infection also may develop serious inflammation of the colon and have little or no diarrhea.

• #17 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. People who have toxic megacolon or sepsis are admitted to an intensive care unit in the hospital. But toxic megacolon and sepsis aren’t common with a C. difficile infection. […] Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #18 Why Is C. Diff So Dangerous? C. Diff Awareness Month | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/news/why-is-c-diff-so-dangerous-c-diff-awareness-month/

  C. diff is an infection caused by Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon, called colitis. C. diff infections affect almost a half a million people in the U.S. every year. And, if you have C. diff, you have a higher chance 1 in 6 of getting it again within a few weeks. […] While many people do recover from such an infection, some die. Others become seriously ill and require hospitalization. The frequent bouts of watery stool can cause dehydration, which can lead to other complications like kidney failure. […] Once you have had this infection, if you have another bout, you will recognize the signs right away. They usually start 5 to 10 days after you start taking a new antibiotic. Mild to moderate infection causes: 3 or more watery liquid stools per day, with a very distinct odor, Fever, Abdominal pain or cramping. Severe infection causes: Watery diarrhea 10 or more times a day, Severe abdominal pain or cramping, Nausea, Blood or pus in the diarrhea, Loss of appetite. […] Severe colitis can lead to a condition called toxic megacolon or toxic colitis. This can cause bleeding, a perforation in the colon wall (perforated bowel) and septic shock.

• #19 Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–Induced Diarrhea – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-induced-diarrhea

  Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely progressing to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, sepsis, and acute abdomen. […] Symptoms of C. difficile induced diarrhea typically begin 5 to 10 days after starting antibiotics but may occur on the first day or up to 2 months later. Diarrhea may be mild and semiformed, frequent and watery, or sometimes bloody. Cramping or pain is common, but nausea and vomiting are rare. The abdomen may be slightly tender. […] Patients with fulminant colitis, which is characterized by severe acute inflammation of the colon and systemic toxicity, have more pain and appear very ill, with tachycardia and abdominal distention and tenderness. If colonic perforation occurs, peritoneal signs are present.

• #20 Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–Induced Diarrhea – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-induced-diarrhea

  Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely progressing to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, sepsis, and acute abdomen. […] Symptoms of C. difficile induced diarrhea typically begin 5 to 10 days after starting antibiotics but may occur on the first day or up to 2 months later. Diarrhea may be mild and semiformed, frequent and watery, or sometimes bloody. Cramping or pain is common, but nausea and vomiting are rare. The abdomen may be slightly tender. […] Patients with fulminant colitis, which is characterized by severe acute inflammation of the colon and systemic toxicity, have more pain and appear very ill, with tachycardia and abdominal distention and tenderness. If colonic perforation occurs, peritoneal signs are present.

• #21 Clostridium Difficile – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cdiff/

  Pseudomembranous colitis is characterised by inflammation in the large intestine, with yellow/white plaques that form pseudomembranes on the inner surface of the bowel wall. It is seen during a colonoscopy and confirmed with biopsies to examine the histology. […] Toxic megacolon is a complication of severe inflammation in the large intestine and involves dilation of the colon. Patients with toxic megacolon are very unwell and have a high risk of bowel rupture.

• #22 Clostridium Difficile – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/infectiousdisease/cdiff/

  Pseudomembranous colitis is characterised by inflammation in the large intestine, with yellow/white plaques that form pseudomembranes on the inner surface of the bowel wall. It is seen during a colonoscopy and confirmed with biopsies to examine the histology. […] Toxic megacolon is a complication of severe inflammation in the large intestine and involves dilation of the colon. Patients with toxic megacolon are very unwell and have a high risk of bowel rupture.

• #23 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature).

• #24 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) Infection

  https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/Library/HealthSheets/3,S,89209

  C. diff (Clostridium difficile) bacteria can be very harmful. They affect the intestinal tract. They can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of the large intestine (colon). […] People with a mild C. diff infection often have these symptoms: Watery diarrhea (3 or more times a day for several days), Stomach pain, soreness, and cramping. […] People with a severe C. diff infection may have symptoms that include: Severe stomach pain or soreness, Frequent watery diarrhea (up to 15 times a day), Belly swelling, Upset stomach (nausea) and vomiting, Loss of appetite, Blood or pus in their stool, Fever. […] Sometimes people carry the C. diff germs but do not get sick. This is called colonization. Colonization is more common than C. diff infection and does not need treatment. People who are colonized have no symptoms. But they can still pass the infection to others.

• #25 Clostridioides difficile – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/clostridioides-difficile/

  The most common symptoms of a C. difficile infection are diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and stomach pain or tenderness. […] Sometimes people carry C. difficile in their bodies without any symptoms. This is called being colonized. A person can be colonized with C. difficile for a long time and never get sick or get sick much later. […] The exact timeframe is unknown. It can range from a few days to up to three months after exposure.

• #26 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) Infection

  https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/Library/HealthSheets/3,S,89209

  C. diff (Clostridium difficile) bacteria can be very harmful. They affect the intestinal tract. They can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of the large intestine (colon). […] People with a mild C. diff infection often have these symptoms: Watery diarrhea (3 or more times a day for several days), Stomach pain, soreness, and cramping. […] People with a severe C. diff infection may have symptoms that include: Severe stomach pain or soreness, Frequent watery diarrhea (up to 15 times a day), Belly swelling, Upset stomach (nausea) and vomiting, Loss of appetite, Blood or pus in their stool, Fever. […] Sometimes people carry the C. diff germs but do not get sick. This is called colonization. Colonization is more common than C. diff infection and does not need treatment. People who are colonized have no symptoms. But they can still pass the infection to others.

• #27 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody, painful tummy cramps, feeling sick, signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal, a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F), loss of appetite and weight loss. In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #28 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. According to the CDC, 1 in 11 people over age 65 who are diagnosed with a healthcare-associated C. diff infection die within a month. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later.

• #29 Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/c-difficile/

  Common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: diarrhoea, a high temperature, loss of appetite, feeling sick, a stomach ache. […] Your symptoms should improve a few days after starting the new course of antibiotics. But it may be 1 to 2 weeks before the infection clears up completely. […] Go back to see the GP if your symptoms get worse, you feel very unwell after starting the antibiotics, or your symptoms come back afterwards. […] If your symptoms return, treatment may need to be repeated. […] If the C. diff infection comes back 2 or more times, you may be offered a faecal microbiota transplant. This is where bacteria from a healthy person’s poo is put into your gut to help stop the infection.

• #30 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. According to the CDC, 1 in 11 people over age 65 who are diagnosed with a healthcare-associated C. diff infection die within a month. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later.

• #31 Long-lasting C. diff infections: A threat to the gut – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/long-lasting-c-diff-infections-a-threat-to-the-gut-202311012987

  Ironically, C. diff therapy typically starts with antibiotics, despite the infection’s proliferation due to antibiotic use. The antibiotics of choice include fidaxomicin or oral vancomycin. […] However, about one in five people will suffer one or more recurrences and with each one, yet another recurrence becomes far likelier, Dr. Allegretti says. A repeat episode may happen because people haven’t disinfected their homes effectively. That leaves them open to reinfection with the same strain of C. diff while still vulnerable.

• #32 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) commonly manifests as mild to moderate diarrhea, occasionally with abdominal cramping. […] In rare cases, patients with CDI can present with an acute abdomen and fulminant, life-threatening colitis. […] The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea 48 hours or more after hospitalization. […] Once infected with C difficile, the rate of disease recurrence is 20-40% when using metronidazole and vancomycin antibiotics as first-line therapy. […] Patients who relapse once are at an even greater risk for further relapses; the relapse rate for patients with 2 or more relapses is 65%. […] Some patients with C difficile colitis with mild disease may recover without specific therapy; however, persistent diarrhea may be debilitating and can last for several weeks; therefore, treatment is recommended even in mild disease.

• #33 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) commonly manifests as mild to moderate diarrhea, occasionally with abdominal cramping. […] In rare cases, patients with CDI can present with an acute abdomen and fulminant, life-threatening colitis. […] The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea 48 hours or more after hospitalization. […] Once infected with C difficile, the rate of disease recurrence is 20-40% when using metronidazole and vancomycin antibiotics as first-line therapy. […] Patients who relapse once are at an even greater risk for further relapses; the relapse rate for patients with 2 or more relapses is 65%. […] Some patients with C difficile colitis with mild disease may recover without specific therapy; however, persistent diarrhea may be debilitating and can last for several weeks; therefore, treatment is recommended even in mild disease.

• #34 Recovery & Support for Clostridium Difficile Infections | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/clostridium-difficile-infections/support

  People with Clostridium difficile infections typically recover within two weeks of starting antibiotic treatment. However, many people become reinfected and need additional therapy. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after stopping antibiotic therapy, although some occur as long as two or three months later. […] If you experience a recurrence, NYU Langone gastroenterologists and infectious disease specialists offer additional medication to treat C. diff symptoms. […] Tell your doctor if diarrhea doesn’t go away by the time you’re finished with your antibiotic medication.

• #35 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. According to the CDC, 1 in 11 people over age 65 who are diagnosed with a healthcare-associated C. diff infection die within a month. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later.

• #36 Long-lasting C. diff infections: A threat to the gut – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/long-lasting-c-diff-infections-a-threat-to-the-gut-202311012987

  Ironically, C. diff therapy typically starts with antibiotics, despite the infection’s proliferation due to antibiotic use. The antibiotics of choice include fidaxomicin or oral vancomycin. […] However, about one in five people will suffer one or more recurrences and with each one, yet another recurrence becomes far likelier, Dr. Allegretti says. A repeat episode may happen because people haven’t disinfected their homes effectively. That leaves them open to reinfection with the same strain of C. diff while still vulnerable.

• #37 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #38 Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/c-difficile/

  Common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: diarrhoea, a high temperature, loss of appetite, feeling sick, a stomach ache. […] Your symptoms should improve a few days after starting the new course of antibiotics. But it may be 1 to 2 weeks before the infection clears up completely. […] Go back to see the GP if your symptoms get worse, you feel very unwell after starting the antibiotics, or your symptoms come back afterwards. […] If your symptoms return, treatment may need to be repeated. […] If the C. diff infection comes back 2 or more times, you may be offered a faecal microbiota transplant. This is where bacteria from a healthy person’s poo is put into your gut to help stop the infection.

• #39 Long-Term Side Effects From C. Diff

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/long-term-problems-c-diff-5218658

  The most common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: Diarrhea (often watery and with a strong odor) […] Abdominal pain and cramps […] Nausea/vomiting […] Fever […] Belly tenderness or bloating (if severe infection) […] Long-term problems after an infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) include lingering symptoms and a return of the infection (recurrence). Severe infections cause more damage to the lining of your gut. While your colon takes longer to recover, you’re more likely to experience ongoing symptoms and repeat infections. […] Even after recovery from CDI, some people continue to experience physical problems. Long-term problems after CDI include persistent symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and poor sleep. […] The C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that irritate the digestive system and cause diarrhea. Some people have up to 15 episodes of diarrhea each day. The frequent watery diarrhea can lead to dehydration and even kidney damage.

• #40 About C. Diff – Peggy Lillis Foundation

  https://cdiff.org/about-c-diff/

  CDI recurs in about 1 in 5 patients. […] Severe CDI cases can lead to colectomy (surgical removal of the colon), which has long term effects on a patient’s health and lifestyle. […] A small percentage of CDI sufferers report post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome for several months. […] Many CDI sufferers report fear and anxiety of recurrence after cure. […] Even after recovery, many CDI survivors still harbor trauma of their past experience, particularly around cleanliness of themselves and their environment.

• #41 About C. Diff – Peggy Lillis Foundation

  https://cdiff.org/about-c-diff/

  CDI recurs in about 1 in 5 patients. […] Severe CDI cases can lead to colectomy (surgical removal of the colon), which has long term effects on a patient’s health and lifestyle. […] A small percentage of CDI sufferers report post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome for several months. […] Many CDI sufferers report fear and anxiety of recurrence after cure. […] Even after recovery, many CDI survivors still harbor trauma of their past experience, particularly around cleanliness of themselves and their environment.

• #42 C. diff

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/c-diff/

  Common symptoms of C. diff infection include: […] diarrhoea – varies from mild and watery to very severe and sometimes has a very bad smell […] feeling sick (nausea) […] a high temperature (fever) […] loss of appetite. […] Some people who are very sick can have blood in their poo and get very severe bloating of the abdomen. […] If you become ill with symptoms that may be caused by C. diff, a sample of your poo (faeces) will be sent to a lab for testing. […] Infections usually respond well to treatment. Most people make a full recovery in a week or two. But symptoms can come back for around 1 in 5 people and treatment may need to be repeated. […] A small number of people who receive treatment for C. diff can get repeated C. diff infections. In some cases, a faecal transplant (transfer of poo bugs from someone else) may be needed. […] In rare cases, a serious C. diff infection may require surgery to remove a damaged section of the bowel.

• #43 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. People who have toxic megacolon or sepsis are admitted to an intensive care unit in the hospital. But toxic megacolon and sepsis aren’t common with a C. difficile infection. […] Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #44 About C. diff | C. diff | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/about/index.html

  C. diff is a germ that causes diarrhea and colitis (an inflammation of the colon) and can be life-threatening. […] Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. […] Developing diarrhea is common while on or after taking antibiotics. Only in a few cases is that diarrhea caused by C. diff infection. If your diarrhea is severe, do not delay getting medical care. […] If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of C. diff infection, contact a healthcare professional.

• #45 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  Some people carry the C. diff bacteria in their intestines but never become sick. These people may even be able to spread the bacteria. But typically, those who develop mild to moderate C. diff infection experience the following symptoms: Watery diarrhea three or more times per day for two or more days, Fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal pain and cramps. Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after a person starts antibiotic treatment, though they can appear the same day you start antibiotics, or as much as two months later. […] In severe cases, C. diff infection may cause: Watery diarrhea up to 15 times per day, Dehydration, Swollen abdomen, with severe cramping and pain, Elevated heart rate, Fever, Stool containing blood or pus, Nausea, Loss of appetite or weight loss, Liver or kidney failure, Increased white blood cell count. In general, you should talk to your doctor if you’ve started antibiotic treatment and experience three or more watery stools a day for more than two days, a new fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool.

• #46 C. Diff Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/clostridioides-difficile-colitis

  If your diarrhea from C. diff is very severe, get medical help quickly. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening dehydration. […] Clostridioides difficile is a very contagious bacterial infection that causes symptoms such as frequent watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea, fever, blood in your stool, and a rapid heartbeat. C. diff usually occurs after a course of certain antibiotics, known as broad-spectrum antibiotics, which kill good and bad bacteria in your gut and allow C. diff to take over. Severe C. diff can cause serious complications. If you’ve recently taken a course of antibiotics, see your doctor if you have watery diarrhea for more than a couple of days, develop a fever, or have severe cramping and abdominal pain.

• #47

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zp4161

  Symptoms of C. diff colitis include diarrhea, stomach pain, or cramping. […] If this type of colitis gets serious, it can cause the colon to get much bigger than normal. This is called toxic megacolon. It’s an emergency that needs to be treated right away. Signs of this problem include a swollen belly that hurts. They also include a fast heartbeat and a fever. […] C. diff infection can come back. If you start to have diarrhea after you have finished your antibiotic treatment, talk to your doctor right away. […] You have a fever over 38.3C (101F) or shaking chills. […] You feel light-headed or have a fast heart rate. […] You pass stools that are almost always bloody. […] You have severe belly pain with or without bloating. […] You have severe vomiting and cannot keep down liquids. […] You are not passing any stools or gas. […] If your diarrhea doesn’t get better, your doctor may need to do other tests to find the cause of your symptoms.

• #48 Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/c-difficile/

  Common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: diarrhoea, a high temperature, loss of appetite, feeling sick, a stomach ache. […] Your symptoms should improve a few days after starting the new course of antibiotics. But it may be 1 to 2 weeks before the infection clears up completely. […] Go back to see the GP if your symptoms get worse, you feel very unwell after starting the antibiotics, or your symptoms come back afterwards. […] If your symptoms return, treatment may need to be repeated. […] If the C. diff infection comes back 2 or more times, you may be offered a faecal microbiota transplant. This is where bacteria from a healthy person’s poo is put into your gut to help stop the infection.

• #49

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Clostridium-difficile.aspx

  A child with mild C. diff illness may have diarrhea, a mild stomachache and low fever. More severe symptoms include a high fever, stomach cramps, bloating and sometimes blood in the stool or bloody diarrhea. […] Just finding C diff in the stool is not enough to say that the bacteria are the cause of a child’s diarrhea. When diarrhea does not go away, your child’s stool can be tested for toxins produced by C difficile. […] Despite antibiotic treatment for C diff, about 2 to 3 out of 10 people continue to have symptoms. They may need two or more courses of antibiotics.

• #50 Clostridioides difficile-associated disease – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/230

  Clostridioides difficile-associated disease usually presents with diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and leukocytosis, and a history of recent antibiotic use. Other common symptoms include fever, abdominal tenderness, and distension. […] Testing should be limited to patients with unexplained, new-onset diarrhoea (defined as 3 or more unformed stools in 24 hours). […] Full details […] Other diagnostic factors include fever, abdominal tenderness, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, and symptoms of shock.

• #51 Clostridium difficile Infection: What You Need to Know | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/clostridium-difficile-infection-what-you-need-know

  Acute abdominal syndrome, toxic megacolon, and sepsis are occasional presentations of C difficile infection that carry high mortality (64% in one series). […] In severe C difficile infection, colonic perforation is a major sequela that may result from delayed surgical intervention. […] Recurrent C difficile associated diarrhea occurs in approximately 20% of patients, although why the disease recurs in certain individuals is not entirely clear. […] The higher toxin levels are associated with a greater severity of colitis. […] Endoscopically, the colonic mucosa appears studded with yellowish pseudomembranous plaques that are small and easily dislodged at the beginning of the infection and then enlarge and coalesce as the disease progresses. […] Imaging may show thickened and/or dilated colon.

• #52 Clostridium difficile Infection: What You Need to Know | Consultant360

  https://www.consultant360.com/article/clostridium-difficile-infection-what-you-need-know

  Acute abdominal syndrome, toxic megacolon, and sepsis are occasional presentations of C difficile infection that carry high mortality (64% in one series). […] In severe C difficile infection, colonic perforation is a major sequela that may result from delayed surgical intervention. […] Recurrent C difficile associated diarrhea occurs in approximately 20% of patients, although why the disease recurs in certain individuals is not entirely clear. […] The higher toxin levels are associated with a greater severity of colitis. […] Endoscopically, the colonic mucosa appears studded with yellowish pseudomembranous plaques that are small and easily dislodged at the beginning of the infection and then enlarge and coalesce as the disease progresses. […] Imaging may show thickened and/or dilated colon.

• #53 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #54 Clostridioides difficile infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431054/

  C difficile infection ranges from asymptomatic carriage to severe conditions such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon, which can lead to fatal outcomes. […] Clinical presentations of C difficile infections vary from being asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic patients experiencing mild diarrhea to severe manifestations such as fever, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, and septic shock. The severity of clinical signs and symptoms varies depending on factors such as the patient’s overall health status and the specific strain of C difficile involved. Common symptoms associated with diarrhea and colitis caused by C difficile include watery diarrhea with mucus or occult blood, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and lower abdominal pain. […] Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, characteristic symptoms of C difficile infection, result from clostridial glycosylation exotoxins toxin A (TcdA), an enterotoxin, and toxin B (TcdB), which is cytotoxic.

• #55 Long-Term Side Effects From C. Diff

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/long-term-problems-c-diff-5218658

  The most common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: Diarrhea (often watery and with a strong odor) […] Abdominal pain and cramps […] Nausea/vomiting […] Fever […] Belly tenderness or bloating (if severe infection) […] Long-term problems after an infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) include lingering symptoms and a return of the infection (recurrence). Severe infections cause more damage to the lining of your gut. While your colon takes longer to recover, you’re more likely to experience ongoing symptoms and repeat infections. […] Even after recovery from CDI, some people continue to experience physical problems. Long-term problems after CDI include persistent symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and poor sleep. […] The C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that irritate the digestive system and cause diarrhea. Some people have up to 15 episodes of diarrhea each day. The frequent watery diarrhea can lead to dehydration and even kidney damage.

• #56 Long-Term Side Effects From C. Diff

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/long-term-problems-c-diff-5218658

  The C. diff toxins can irritate the lower part of the intestines, causing colitis. The colon then swells and becomes inflamed. If this gets bad enough, the intestines can rupture. In those cases, the damaged intestines need to be removed in surgery and can leave scars and longer-term gut problems. […] Its estimated that about 25% of people (or one in four) who have a C. diff infection will experience a repeat infection. This usually occurs within four to eight weeks after the end of treatment. […] If CDI comes back once, your risk of recurrent future episodes increases. This happens due to antibiotic resistance—a lack of effectiveness in the antibiotics being used to treat CDI. […] When recovering from CDI, you may encounter long-term health problems. These can include physical, psychological, and professional problems in addition to financial burdens.

• #57 About C. diff | C. diff | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/about/index.html

  C. diff is a germ that causes diarrhea and colitis (an inflammation of the colon) and can be life-threatening. […] Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. […] Developing diarrhea is common while on or after taking antibiotics. Only in a few cases is that diarrhea caused by C. diff infection. If your diarrhea is severe, do not delay getting medical care. […] If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of C. diff infection, contact a healthcare professional.

• #58 C. diff Infections | C. difficile | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html

  C. diff is a bacterium that can cause diarrhea and more serious intestinal conditions such as colitis. The symptoms of C. diff infections include: Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) or frequent bowel movements for several days, Fever, Stomach tenderness or pain, Loss of appetite, Nausea. Severe diarrhea causes you to lose a lot of fluids. This can put you at risk for dehydration. […] If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of a C. diff infection, you should see your health care provider. About 1 in 6 people who have had a C. diff infection will get it again within the following 2 to 8 weeks. This is called recurrent C. diff. It could be that your original infection came back or that you have a new infection. Contact your provider if your symptoms come back.

• #59 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody, painful tummy cramps, feeling sick, signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal, a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F), loss of appetite and weight loss. In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #60 Why Is C. Diff So Dangerous? C. Diff Awareness Month | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/news/why-is-c-diff-so-dangerous-c-diff-awareness-month/

  C. diff is an infection caused by Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon, called colitis. C. diff infections affect almost a half a million people in the U.S. every year. And, if you have C. diff, you have a higher chance 1 in 6 of getting it again within a few weeks. […] While many people do recover from such an infection, some die. Others become seriously ill and require hospitalization. The frequent bouts of watery stool can cause dehydration, which can lead to other complications like kidney failure. […] Once you have had this infection, if you have another bout, you will recognize the signs right away. They usually start 5 to 10 days after you start taking a new antibiotic. Mild to moderate infection causes: 3 or more watery liquid stools per day, with a very distinct odor, Fever, Abdominal pain or cramping. Severe infection causes: Watery diarrhea 10 or more times a day, Severe abdominal pain or cramping, Nausea, Blood or pus in the diarrhea, Loss of appetite. […] Severe colitis can lead to a condition called toxic megacolon or toxic colitis. This can cause bleeding, a perforation in the colon wall (perforated bowel) and septic shock.

• #61 C. diff (Clostridium difficile): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-c-diff

  C. diff is a type of bacteria that can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenderness. It is commonly treated with antibiotics such as fidaxomicin (Dificid) and vancomycin (Firvanq). […] The main symptom of a C. diff infection is diarrhea. Other symptoms include: abdominal pain or cramps, nausea, fever, loss of appetite, dehydration, blood in stool (in severe cases). […] Symptoms of a C. diff infection can range from mild to severe. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends speaking with a doctor as a necessary step if your symptoms do not go away after 2 days. […] Get immediate treatment if you have severe abdominal pain or notice blood in your stool. […] If C. diff goes untreated, it may lead to severe dehydration, which can be life threatening. This is why it’s important to speak with a doctor about any symptoms you may be experiencing.

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