Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Peptic ulcer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

  Treatment for peptic ulcers involves killing the H. pylori germ, if needed. Treatment also might involve stopping NSAIDs or lowering the amount, if possible, and taking medicine to help the ulcer heal. […] Medicines can include: […] Antibiotics to kill H. pylori. If you have H. pylori in your digestive tract, your healthcare professional may suggest a mix of antibiotics. […] Medicines that block acid. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid. […] Medicines to reduce stomach acid. Acid blockers, also called histamine (H-2) blockers, help relieve ulcer pain and help with healing. […] Medicines that protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. These are called cytoprotective agents. […] Treatment for peptic ulcers often leads to ulcer healing. But if your symptoms are severe or if you have them even with treatment, your healthcare professional may suggest endoscopy.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/

  Treatment for your stomach ulcer will depend on what caused it. With treatment, most ulcers heal in a few months. […] If your stomach ulcer is caused by a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial infection, a course of antibiotics and a medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is recommended. […] If your stomach ulcer is just caused by taking NSAIDs, a course of PPI medication is recommended. […] An alternative type of medication, known as H2-receptor antagonists, is occasionally used instead of PPIs. […] Sometimes you may be given additional medication called antacids to relieve your symptoms in the short term. […] PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces, preventing further damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally. They’re usually prescribed for 4 to 8 weeks.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Bleeding Peptic Ulcers, H pylori Infection

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-treatment

  Acid suppression is the general pharmacologic principle of medical management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer. Reducing gastric acidity is believed to improve hemostasis primarily through the decreased activity of pepsin in the presence of a more alkaline environment. […] Two classes of acid-suppressing medications currently in use are histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and PPIs. […] H2RAs are an older class of medications, and in the setting of an actively bleeding duodenal ulcer, their use has been largely superseded by the use of PPIs. […] The 2017 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines for the treatment of H pylori infection strongly recommend 10-14 days of quadruple therapy with bismuth, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), tetracycline, and a nitroimidazole.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0215/p236.html

  Eradication of H. pylori is recommended in all patients with PUD. First-line therapy should have an eradication rate of more than 80%. Because pretreatment susceptibility is rarely known to the primary care physician, therapy must be chosen empirically based on regional bacterial resistance patterns, local recommendations, and drug availability. […] Standard triple therapy is a reasonable initial therapy where clarithromycin resistance is low. […] A seven- to 10-day triple drug regimen consisting of a PPI, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg (Biaxin) twice daily has long been the first-line therapy to eradicate H. pylori. However, increasing resistance to clarithromycin is associated with declining eradication rates, now well below 80%. Therefore, this regimen is not recommended where the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant strains of H. pylori exceeds 15% to 20%.

• #1 Peptic ulcer disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease

  Treatment includes stopping smoking, stopping use of NSAIDs, stopping alcohol, and taking medications to decrease stomach acid. The medication used to decrease acid is usually either a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or an H2 blocker, with four weeks of treatment initially recommended. Ulcers due to H. pylori are treated with a combination of medications, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a PPI. Antibiotic resistance is increasing and thus treatment may not always be effective. Bleeding ulcers may be treated by endoscopy, with open surgery typically only used in cases in which it is not successful. […] Once the diagnosis of H. pylori is confirmed, the first-line treatment would be a triple regimen in which pantoprazole and clarithromycin are combined with either amoxicillin or metronidazole. This treatment regimen can be given for 7-14 days. However, its effectiveness in eradicating H. pylori has been reducing from 90% to 70%. However, the rate of eradication can be increased by doubling the dosage of pantoprazole or increasing the duration of treatment to 14 days. Quadruple therapy (pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole) can also be used. The quadruple therapy can achieve an eradication rate of 90%. If the clarithromycin resistance rate is higher than 15% in an area, the usage of clarithromycin should be abandoned. Instead, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy can be used (pantoprazole, bismuth citrate, tetracycline, and metronidazole) for 14 days. The bismuth therapy can also achieve an eradication rate of 90% and can be used as second-line therapy when the first-line triple-regimen therapy has failed.

• #1 Peptic ulcer disease – discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000380.htm

  You will have follow-up visits to see how your ulcer is healing especially if the ulcer was in the stomach. […] Your provider may want to perform an upper endoscopy after treatment if the ulcer was in your stomach. This is to make sure healing has taken place and there are no signs of cancer. […] You will also need follow-up testing to check that the H pylori bacteria are gone. You should wait at least 2 weeks after therapy is completed to be retested. Test results before that time may not be accurate.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/

  Omeprazole, pantoprazole and lansoprazole are the PPIs most commonly used to treat stomach ulcers. […] H2-receptor antagonists, such as famotidine, are often used to treat stomach ulcers. […] Treatments can take several hours before they start to work, so your GP may recommend taking additional antacid medication to neutralise your stomach acid quickly and relieve symptoms in the short term. […] If your stomach ulcer has been caused by taking NSAIDs, your GP will want to review your use of them. […] Sometimes an alternative type of NSAID that’s less likely to cause stomach ulcers, called a COX-2 inhibitor, may be recommended. […] If you do need to keep taking it, long-term treatment with a PPI or H2-receptor antagonist may be prescribed alongside the aspirin to try to prevent further ulcers.

• #1 Peptic ulcers: treatment – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/gastrointestinal-health/peptic-ulcers-treatment/

  Eradication therapy has revolutionised the treatment of peptic ulcers worldwide. […] Some people (for example, those with complicated, recurrent or large ulcers) may need ongoing treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for a period of time after completing the antibiotic course. […] Treatment for NSAID-induced ulcers involves stopping the NSAID (if possible) and taking a medicine to suppress acid secretion and promote healing. […] Acid-suppressing medicines are usually given for 8-12 weeks, depending on whether it is a duodenal or gastric ulcer. Proton pump inhibitors are usually used, as they are effective and heal ulcers faster than H2-receptor antagonists. […] Your doctor will also recommend testing for H. pylori infection and eradication treatment if necessary. […] Antacids neutralise the stomachs acid and so usually give temporary relief from ulcer pain. […] Your doctor may give you dietary guidelines to follow, such as reducing or eliminating alcohol, as it can worsen ulcers and prevent healing. […] If you develop peptic ulcer complications, you may need to have a procedure or surgery.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Peptic ulcer disease usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. […] Patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should discontinue their use. […] If H. pylori infection is diagnosed, the infection should be eradicated and antisecretory therapy (preferably with a proton pump inhibitor) given for four weeks. […] Surgery is indicated if complications develop or if the ulcer is unresponsive to medications. […] Administration of proton pump inhibitors and endoscopic therapy control most bleeds. […] In patients with peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori should be eradicated to assist in healing and to reduce the risk of gastric and duodenal ulcer recurrence. […] In patients with peptic ulcers, proton pump inhibitors provide acid suppression, healing rates, and symptom relief superior to other antisecretory therapies.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments Gastroenterologist Folsom,CA-Reflux,Stomach Pain,Ulcers

  https://www.gastromedclinic.com/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, particularly at high doses, may increase your risk of hip, wrist and spine fracture. […] Medications to reduce acid production. Acid blockers also called histamine (H-2) blockers reduce the amount of stomach acid released into your digestive tract, which relieves ulcer pain and encourages healing. […] Available by prescription or over-the-counter, acid blockers include the medications ranitidine (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet HB) and nizatidine (Axid AR). […] Antacids that neutralize stomach acid. Your doctor may include an antacid in your drug regimen. Antacids neutralize existing stomach acid and can provide rapid pain relief. […] Antacids can provide symptom relief, but generally aren’t used to heal your ulcer. […] Medications that protect the lining of your stomach and small intestine. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medications called cytoprotective agents that help protect the tissues that line your stomach and small intestine. Options include the prescription medications sucralfate (Carafate) and misoprostol (Cytotec).

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease Medication: Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Antimicrobials, Antidiarrheal Agents, Cytoprotective Agents

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-medication

  Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that can be used to decrease the incidence of peptic ulcers and complications in long-term NSAID users at high risk. […] Sucralfate binds with positively charged proteins in exudates and forms a viscous adhesive substance that protects the GI lining against pepsin, peptic acid, and bile salts. It is used for short-term management of ulcers.

• #1 Stomach Ulcer Treatment: 5 Medications Your Doctor May Prescribe – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/stomach-ulcer-treatment/

  Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), like omeprazole, esomeprazole or lansoprazole, can also be prescribed for stomach ulcer treatment. […] Histamine receptor antagonists, such as cimetidine, nizatidine or famotidine, are medications that reduce stomach acid production by binding to histamine receptors in stomach wall cells. […] Gastric protectors, such as sucralfate, form a protective barrier in the stomach lining over ulcers. This helps to prevent stomach acid from damaging the lining and promote healing. […] Antacids, like aluminum hydroxide, milk of magnesia, calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, work by quickly neutralizing stomach acid. They can be taken to temporarily relieve pain caused by gastric ulcers. […] Medications for stomach ulcer treatment may be prescribed to treat: Gastric ulcer, Gastritis, Ulcerative gastroduodenal disease, Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), Duodenal ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

• #1 Stomach ulcer (gastric ulcer) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer/

  PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces. This prevents further damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally. […] The most commonly used PPIs are: omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole. […] Theyre usually prescribed for 4 to 8 weeks. […] Sometimes a type of medication called H2-receptor antagonists are used instead of PPIs. […] These also reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces. […] Ranitidine is the most widely used H2-receptor antagonist for treating stomach ulcers. […] As these treatments can take several hours before they start to work, your GP may recommend taking additional antacid medication. […] Antacids: neutralise your stomach acid, provide immediate, but short-term, symptom relief, should be taken when you experience symptoms or when you expect them, such as after meals or at bedtime. […] There arent any special lifestyle measures you need to take during treatment. However, avoiding stress, alcohol, spicy foods and smoking may reduce your symptoms while your ulcer heals.

• #1 Stomach ulcer: Healing time, recovery, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/time-for-stomach-ulcer-to-heal

  Most stomach ulcers heal usually within 48 weeks, but larger ulcers may take up to 12 weeks. […] Doctors treat stomach ulcers with over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medications. […] The recovery time may vary depending on the cause of the ulcer, the specific treatment, and other complications that may arise. […] Most stomach ulcers will heal within 12 months of receiving treatment. However, some may take several months. […] Research published in 2015 has shown that larger ulcers need more time to heal. […] Treatment for stomach ulcers depends on the cause. Doctors treat the underlying causes of stomach ulcers with specific medications. This helps the ulcers heal and prevents them from coming back. […] General treatment guidelines may include antibiotics, PPIs, H2-blockers, or antacids. […] In order to speed up the healing process, people should take all doses of medications doctors prescribe, and avoid smoking and drinking.

• #1 Peptic ulcer disease – discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000380.htm

  A peptic ulcer is an open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). […] Most peptic ulcers will heal within 4 to 6 weeks after treatment begins. Do not stop taking the medicines you have been prescribed, even if symptoms go away quickly. […] The standard treatment for a peptic ulcer and an H pylori infection uses a combination of medicines that you take for 5 to 14 days. […] Most people will take two types of antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). […] If you have an ulcer without an H pylori infection, or one that is caused by taking aspirin or NSAIDs, you will likely need to take a proton pump inhibitor for 8 weeks. […] Taking antacids as needed between meals, and then at bedtime, may help healing also.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – American College of Gastroenterology

  https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Most ulcers can be treated and will heal. Often, people with ulcers will have to take PPIs for several weeks to heal an ulcer. It is also important to correct what caused the ulcer. […] If the person is infected with Helicobacter pylori, then completing the full dose of antibiotics is very important. Just as important, is making sure that the infection is gone. […] People with gastric ulcers (only in the stomach) usually have another EGD several weeks after treatment to make sure that the ulcer is gone.

• #1 Peptic ulcer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

  Peptic ulcers that don’t heal with treatment are called refractory ulcers. […] Treatment for refractory ulcers most often involves getting rid of factors that keep the ulcer from healing and trying other antibiotics. […] A serious complication from an ulcer, such as bleeding or a hole in the stomach, may need treatment with endoscopy or surgery. But because there are many medicines that work well, people with peptic ulcers need surgery far less often than in the past.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/

  Surgical treatment is indicated if the patient is unresponsive to medical treatment, noncompliant, or at high risk of complications. […] A refractory peptic ulcer is one over 5 mm in diameter that does not heal despite 8-12 weeks of PPI therapy. […] Surgical options include vagotomy or partial gastrectomy. […] The prognosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is excellent after the underlying cause is successfully treated. […] Patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) should be counseled about potentially injurious agents like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine. […] Only through a team approach can the morbidity of peptic ulcer disease be decreased.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Bleeding Peptic Ulcers, H pylori Infection

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-treatment

  Given the current understanding of the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, most patients with peptic ulcer disease are treated successfully with cure of H pylori infection and/or avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), along with the appropriate use of antisecretory therapy. […] The indications for urgent surgery include failure to achieve hemostasis endoscopically, recurrent bleeding despite endoscopic attempts at achieving hemostasis, and perforation. Many authorities recommend simple oversewing of the ulcer with treatment of the underlying H pylori infection or cessation of NSAIDs for bleeding peptic ulcer disease. […] Endoscopic evaluation of the bleeding ulcer can decrease the duration of the hospital stay by identifying patients at low risk for rebleeding. Moreover, endoscopic therapy reduces the likelihood of recurrent bleeding and decreases the need for surgery.

• #1 Peptic Ulcers – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/general-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/esophagus-and-stomach/peptic-ulcer

  Pyloroplasty may be performed with a vagotomy. In pyloroplasty, the opening into the duodenum and small intestine are enlarged, enabling contents to pass from the stomach. […] Laparoscopic surgery uses a long, thin tube with a camera lens attached to examine the organs inside the abdominal cavity to check for abnormalities, and to operate through small incisions. […] Most people with peptic ulcers benefit from dietary and lifestyle changes and medication: […] Antibiotics to kill H. pylori if it has been detected. […] H2-blockers to reduce acid the stomach produces by blocking histamine. […] Acid pump inhibitors help to block stomach acid production by stopping the stomach’s acid pump. […] Mucosal protective agents shield the stomach’s mucous lining from the damage of acid, but do not inhibit the release of acid.

• #1 9 natural and home remedies for ulcers

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322740

  Some home remedies, such as probiotics, may help relieve the pain and other symptoms associated with stomach ulcers. However, people should use these in conjunction with medical treatment. […] According to research, probiotics cannot kill H. pylori bacteria. However, they may reduce the amount of bacteria present, speed up the healing process, and improve some symptoms. […] A number of studies suggest that honey may have antimicrobial effects against H. pylori, suggesting it could be useful for treating stomach ulcers. […] A 2016 randomized controlled study in humans concluded that curcumin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities that may help prevent stomach ulcers when combined with standard treatment against H. pylori. […] Research suggests that chamomile extracts may also have anti-ulcer properties. Some researchers think it may inhibit stomach ulcers and reduce their healing time.

• #1 9 natural and home remedies for ulcers

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322740

  Some studies do support garlic’s effectiveness in treating ulcers. For example, a 2016 study on animals showed that garlic could help prevent the development of ulcers and help speed up the healing process. […] Research has found that taking licorice supplements can help fight H. pylori infections, suggesting that the supplement may help prevent the bacteria from growing. […] Some studies looking at how aloe vera affected stomach ulcers produced favorable results. […] Medical treatments for stomach ulcers will vary based on what is causing the ulcer. […] A doctor may prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid and protect the lining of the stomach. […] When an H. pylori infection causes the ulcer, a doctor may also prescribe antibiotics. […] Often, a doctor will combine several medications and therapies when treating an ulcer. Combination therapies help address pain, prevent further damage, and cure any infection.

• #1 Peptic Ulcers – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/general-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/esophagus-and-stomach/peptic-ulcer

  At Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH), our board certified general and gastrointestinal surgeons offer innovative and effective treatment for patients who have peptic ulcers that do not heal with medication or have caused complications. […] Peptic ulcers typically heal with medication and lifestyle changes. For people who do not respond to medication or have experienced complications such as hemorrhage, perforation or obstruction, surgery is the best option. […] Brigham and Womens Hospital surgeons offer extensive expertise in all surgical approaches: […] Gastrectomy, subtotal or partial gastrectomy, removes part of the stomach. […] Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion. […] Antrectomy removes the lower part of the stomach which produces a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete digestive juices.

• #1 Treatment for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/treatment

  Taking medicines and treating the underlying cause heals most ulcers. However, if your ulcer doesn’t heal or comes back after treatment, your doctor may check for and treat any factors that could be causing the ulcer, such as an H. pylori infection. […] In rare cases, doctors may recommend surgery to treat peptic ulcers that don’t heal. […] Doctors typically treat complications of peptic ulcers in a hospital. In addition to treating the ulcer, doctors may recommend medical procedures, such as an upper GI endoscopy, or surgery to treat ulcer complications. […] If you have a peptic ulcer, finding and treating the underlying cause, such as H. pylori infection, can help lower the chance of developing future ulcers.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Bleeding Peptic Ulcers, H pylori Infection

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-treatment

  Active ulcers associated with NSAID use are treated with an appropriate course of PPI therapy and the cessation of NSAIDs. […] Surgical consultation is recommended for all patients with bleeding ulcers, especially those patients who are at a high risk of significant bleeding. […] Maintenance therapy with antisecretory medications (eg, H2 blockers, PPIs) for 1 year is indicated in high-risk patients.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Surgery is used primarily to deal with complications of a peptic ulcer, such as a perforation, an obstruction that fails to respond to medication or that recurs, two or more major episodes of bleeding ulcers, a gastric ulcer suspected of being cancerous, and severe and frequent recurrences of peptic ulcers. […] If Helicobacter pylori infection is successfully treated, peptic ulcer disease comes back in only 10% of people. However, peptic ulcer disease comes back in 50% of infected people when Helicobacter pylori infection is not eradicated.

• #1 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  The most important things you can do to prevent peptic ulcer disease are to: Find and eradicate H. pylori. Most people who have an H. pylori infection aren’t aware of it. […] Peptic ulcers can heal if the conditions that caused them go away. But it usually takes a medical diagnosis to identify the cause. […] Most peptic ulcers heal within a few weeks. Most people will only need medication for about two months. Medications are very effective in treating peptic ulcers. […] Foods and drinks don’t cause peptic ulcers, but they can aggravate them if you have them, especially spicy and acidic foods and drinks. You should also avoid alcohol and smoking if you have symptoms or a history of peptic ulcer disease. […] Always see your provider if you suspect you have a peptic ulcer. While you may be able to manage your symptoms temporarily with over-the-counter medications, these won’t heal the ulcer. You need to identify and address the underlying cause.

• #1 Stomach Ulcer: Signs, Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22314-stomach-ulcer

  If you have a complicated ulcer, your provider may need to treat it directly. […] Always seek medical care for a stomach ulcer. […] An untreated ulcer can lead to serious complications, even if you don’t have severe symptoms. […] Your healthcare provider can help prescribe the right treatment for your condition.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/

  Treatment for your stomach ulcer will depend on what caused it. With treatment, most ulcers heal in a few months. […] If your stomach ulcer is caused by a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial infection, a course of antibiotics and a medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is recommended. […] If your stomach ulcer is just caused by taking NSAIDs, a course of PPI medication is recommended. […] An alternative type of medication, known as H2-receptor antagonists, is occasionally used instead of PPIs. […] Sometimes you may be given additional medication called antacids to relieve your symptoms in the short term. […] PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces, preventing further damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally. They’re usually prescribed for 4 to 8 weeks.

• #2 Ulcers | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/ulcers

  UCSF delivers compassionate, comprehensive care for all gastrointestinal conditions, including ulcers. Treatment for an ulcer depends on the underlying cause. Most cases are due to the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, for which we prescribe a course of antibiotics as well as proton pump inhibitors, medications that reduce stomach acid and allow ulcers to heal. […] Peptic ulcers caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are usually treated with a combination of antibiotics that kill the bacteria as well as other drugs to reduce stomach acid and protect the stomach lining. The use of only one medication to treat H. pylori is not recommended. […] At this time, the most proven effective treatment is a two-week course of treatment called triple therapy. It involves taking two antibiotics to kill the bacteria and an acid suppressor known as a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). By decreasing the amount of acid in the stomach, PPIs are used to heal stomach ulcers, including those caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and duodenal ulcers. Two-week triple therapy reduces ulcer symptoms, kills the bacteria and prevents the ulcer from recurring in more than 90 percent of patients.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/

  With treatment, most stomach ulcers heal in a month or two. The recommended treatment depends on the cause of the ulcer. […] If an H. pylori infection causes your ulcer, your GP will prescribe PPIs and antibiotics. This is also the treatment when both an H. pylori infection and NSAIDs cause your ulcer. […] Your GP may recommend antacids to relieve your symptoms in the short term. […] If taking NSAIDs caused your stomach ulcer, your GP may recommend taking a different painkiller. […] If you have an H. pylori infection, your GP will usually prescribe a course of 2 antibiotics. You must take these twice a day for 1 week. […] PPIs reduce the amount of acid that your stomach produces. This stops any more damage to the ulcer while it heals by itself. Your GP will usually prescribe a course of PPIs for 4 to 8 weeks.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0215/p236.html

  Eradication of H. pylori is recommended in all patients with PUD. First-line therapy should have an eradication rate of more than 80%. Because pretreatment susceptibility is rarely known to the primary care physician, therapy must be chosen empirically based on regional bacterial resistance patterns, local recommendations, and drug availability. […] Standard triple therapy is a reasonable initial therapy where clarithromycin resistance is low. […] A seven- to 10-day triple drug regimen consisting of a PPI, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg (Biaxin) twice daily has long been the first-line therapy to eradicate H. pylori. However, increasing resistance to clarithromycin is associated with declining eradication rates, now well below 80%. Therefore, this regimen is not recommended where the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant strains of H. pylori exceeds 15% to 20%.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease

  Treatment includes stopping smoking, stopping use of NSAIDs, stopping alcohol, and taking medications to decrease stomach acid. The medication used to decrease acid is usually either a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or an H2 blocker, with four weeks of treatment initially recommended. Ulcers due to H. pylori are treated with a combination of medications, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and a PPI. Antibiotic resistance is increasing and thus treatment may not always be effective. Bleeding ulcers may be treated by endoscopy, with open surgery typically only used in cases in which it is not successful. […] Once the diagnosis of H. pylori is confirmed, the first-line treatment would be a triple regimen in which pantoprazole and clarithromycin are combined with either amoxicillin or metronidazole. This treatment regimen can be given for 7-14 days. However, its effectiveness in eradicating H. pylori has been reducing from 90% to 70%. However, the rate of eradication can be increased by doubling the dosage of pantoprazole or increasing the duration of treatment to 14 days. Quadruple therapy (pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole) can also be used. The quadruple therapy can achieve an eradication rate of 90%. If the clarithromycin resistance rate is higher than 15% in an area, the usage of clarithromycin should be abandoned. Instead, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy can be used (pantoprazole, bismuth citrate, tetracycline, and metronidazole) for 14 days. The bismuth therapy can also achieve an eradication rate of 90% and can be used as second-line therapy when the first-line triple-regimen therapy has failed.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0215/p236.html

  Sequential therapy consists of a five-day course of a PPI and amoxicillin 1 g taken twice daily, followed by a five-day course of a PPI, clarithromycin 500 mg, and metronidazole 500 mg (Flagyl) or tinidazole 500 mg (Tindamax) taken twice daily. The overall eradication rate is 84%, with an eradication rate of 73% for clarithromycin-resistant strains. […] Nonbismuth-based quadruple therapy may be more effective than sequential therapy in patients with dual antibiotic resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole. […] Bismuth-based quadruple therapy is often employed as salvage therapy if first-line treatment fails, but it may be used as first-line therapy in areas of high resistance or when cost is an important consideration. […] Levofloxacin-based triple therapy should be reserved for second-line therapy and is better tolerated than bismuth-based quadruple therapy.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Bleeding Peptic Ulcers, H pylori Infection

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-treatment

  Acid suppression is the general pharmacologic principle of medical management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer. Reducing gastric acidity is believed to improve hemostasis primarily through the decreased activity of pepsin in the presence of a more alkaline environment. […] Two classes of acid-suppressing medications currently in use are histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and PPIs. […] H2RAs are an older class of medications, and in the setting of an actively bleeding duodenal ulcer, their use has been largely superseded by the use of PPIs. […] The 2017 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines for the treatment of H pylori infection strongly recommend 10-14 days of quadruple therapy with bismuth, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), tetracycline, and a nitroimidazole.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease and H. pylori Infection | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0215/p236.html

  Test of cure for all patients after therapy is neither cost-effective nor practical. Indications for eradication testing with the urea breath test or stool antigen test include H. pylori associated ulcer, continued dyspeptic symptoms, H. pylori associated MALT lymphoma, and resection for gastric cancer. […] Current data suggest that increasing the duration of therapy to 14 days significantly increases the eradication rate.

• #2 Peptic ulcer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

  Treatment for peptic ulcers involves killing the H. pylori germ, if needed. Treatment also might involve stopping NSAIDs or lowering the amount, if possible, and taking medicine to help the ulcer heal. […] Medicines can include: […] Antibiotics to kill H. pylori. If you have H. pylori in your digestive tract, your healthcare professional may suggest a mix of antibiotics. […] Medicines that block acid. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce stomach acid. […] Medicines to reduce stomach acid. Acid blockers, also called histamine (H-2) blockers, help relieve ulcer pain and help with healing. […] Medicines that protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. These are called cytoprotective agents. […] Treatment for peptic ulcers often leads to ulcer healing. But if your symptoms are severe or if you have them even with treatment, your healthcare professional may suggest endoscopy.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease: Treatment and secondary prevention – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/peptic-ulcer-disease-treatment-and-secondary-prevention

  Peptic ulcer disease: Treatment and secondary prevention […] Eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection — Patients with peptic ulcers should be tested for infection with H. pylori and treated accordingly (algorithm 1). Eradication of H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease is associated with higher healing rates in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcers. […] Discontinue nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — Patients with peptic ulcers should be advised to avoid NSAIDs. NSAIDs, including aspirin, increase the risk of peptic ulcer disease and are associated with an increased risk of complications from a peptic ulcer. […] Evaluate and treat other causes — Rare causes of ulcer disease (eg, infections, Crohn disease, ischemia) should be addressed and treated.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease

  NSAID-associated ulcers heal in six to eight weeks provided the NSAIDs are withdrawn with the introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). […] For those with bleeding peptic ulcers, fluid replacement with crystalloids is sometimes given to maintain volume in the blood vessels. Maintaining haemoglobin at greater than 7 g/dL (70 g/L) through restrictive blood transfusion has been associated with reduced rate of death. Glasgow-Blatchford score is used to determine whether a person should be treated inside a hospital or as an outpatient. Intravenous PPIs can suppress stomach bleeding more quickly than oral ones. A neutral stomach pH is required to keep platelets in place and prevent clot lysis. Early endoscopic therapy can help to stop bleeding by using cautery, endoclip, or epinephrine injection. Treatment is indicated if there is active bleeding in the stomach, visible vessels, or an adherent clot.

• #2

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/stomach-ulcer/treatment/

  Your GP may recommend taking antacids. This medicine neutralises your stomach acid. It provides immediate, short-term relief of your symptoms. […] If taking NSAIDs caused your stomach ulcer, your GP will review your use of them. […] If you do need to keep taking aspirin, your GP may prescribe long-term treatment with a PPI. This is to stop you from getting another ulcer.

• #2 Stomach ulcer (gastric ulcer) | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/stomach-ulcer/

  PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces. This prevents further damage to the ulcer as it heals naturally. […] The most commonly used PPIs are: omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole. […] Theyre usually prescribed for 4 to 8 weeks. […] Sometimes a type of medication called H2-receptor antagonists are used instead of PPIs. […] These also reduce the amount of acid your stomach produces. […] Ranitidine is the most widely used H2-receptor antagonist for treating stomach ulcers. […] As these treatments can take several hours before they start to work, your GP may recommend taking additional antacid medication. […] Antacids: neutralise your stomach acid, provide immediate, but short-term, symptom relief, should be taken when you experience symptoms or when you expect them, such as after meals or at bedtime. […] There arent any special lifestyle measures you need to take during treatment. However, avoiding stress, alcohol, spicy foods and smoking may reduce your symptoms while your ulcer heals.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Patients with bleeding peptic ulcers should be given a proton pump inhibitor to reduce transfusion requirements, need for surgery, and duration of hospitalization. […] If test results are positive for H. pylori, the infection should be eradicated and antisecretory therapy, preferably with a proton pump inhibitor, administered for four weeks. […] Treatment of peptic ulcer disease should include eradication of H. pylori in patients with this infection. […] Proton pump inhibitors provide superior acid suppression, healing rates, and symptom relief and are recommended as initial therapy for most patients. […] Eradicating H. pylori is often sufficient in patients with small duodenal ulcers. […] Repeated EGD with biopsy is recommended to confirm healing of gastric ulcers and to rule out malignancy.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease Medication: Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2-Receptor Antagonists, Antimicrobials, Antidiarrheal Agents, Cytoprotective Agents

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-medication

  Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that can be used to decrease the incidence of peptic ulcers and complications in long-term NSAID users at high risk. […] Sucralfate binds with positively charged proteins in exudates and forms a viscous adhesive substance that protects the GI lining against pepsin, peptic acid, and bile salts. It is used for short-term management of ulcers.

• #2 Peptic ulcer disease – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Surgical management of uncomplicated peptic ulcers is rarely necessary because they usually respond well to medical treatment. […] When malignancy is confirmed or complications such as massive bleeding or gastrointestinal perforation occur, surgery specific to these complications must be performed. […] Indications for surgery include refractory symptoms or recurrence of disease despite appropriate medical treatment. […] Cytoprotective agents (gastrointestinal mucosal protection) such as sucralfate and misoprostol may be used. […] Antibiotics, e.g., optimized bismuth quadruple therapy (metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth, and a PPI), are part of H. pylori eradication therapy. […] Nonpharmacological measures include restricting alcohol, smoking, and caffeine, and avoiding stress.

• #2 Stomach ulcer: Healing time, recovery, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/time-for-stomach-ulcer-to-heal

  Most stomach ulcers heal usually within 48 weeks, but larger ulcers may take up to 12 weeks. […] Doctors treat stomach ulcers with over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medications. […] The recovery time may vary depending on the cause of the ulcer, the specific treatment, and other complications that may arise. […] Most stomach ulcers will heal within 12 months of receiving treatment. However, some may take several months. […] Research published in 2015 has shown that larger ulcers need more time to heal. […] Treatment for stomach ulcers depends on the cause. Doctors treat the underlying causes of stomach ulcers with specific medications. This helps the ulcers heal and prevents them from coming back. […] General treatment guidelines may include antibiotics, PPIs, H2-blockers, or antacids. […] In order to speed up the healing process, people should take all doses of medications doctors prescribe, and avoid smoking and drinking.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Peptic-Ulcer-Treatments.aspx

  Most peptic ulcers are highly treatable. The method of treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the ulcer. […] If the underlying cause of the peptic ulcer is infection with H. pylori, then treatment will focus on the eradication of the bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This can be achieved with a course of antibiotics. […] The course of antibiotics is often combined with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication and, together, this is called triple therapy. […] If the underlying cause of the ulcer is the overuse of NSAIDs, a clinician will often recommend switching to different pain medication, if possible. […] In addition, a patient with an NSAID-associated ulcer will also be prescribed a PPI or H2-receptor agonist medication in order to reduce acid levels and allow the ulcer to heal.

• #2 Stomach Ulcer: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/dyspepsia-indigestion/stomach-ulcer-gastric-ulcer

  Surgery is usually only needed if a complication of a stomach ulcer develops, such as severe bleeding or a perforation. […] Lifestyle measures can reduce the risks of inflammation and therefore a stomach ulcer developing. These include: Losing weight if overweight. Avoiding any trigger foods that cause acid reflux, such as coffee, chocolate, tomatoes, fatty foods or spicy foods (these vary from person to person and not everyone has trigger foods). Eating smaller meals and eating the evening meal 3-4 hours before going to bed. Stopping smoking. Reducing alcohol consumption to recommended limits. […] A repeat gastroscopy (endoscopy) is usually advised 6-8 weeks after treatment has finished. This is to ensure that the ulcer has healed. It is also to be doubly certain that the stomach ulcer was not due to stomach cancer.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/

  Surgical treatment is indicated if the patient is unresponsive to medical treatment, noncompliant, or at high risk of complications. […] A refractory peptic ulcer is one over 5 mm in diameter that does not heal despite 8-12 weeks of PPI therapy. […] Surgical options include vagotomy or partial gastrectomy. […] The prognosis of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is excellent after the underlying cause is successfully treated. […] Patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) should be counseled about potentially injurious agents like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine. […] Only through a team approach can the morbidity of peptic ulcer disease be decreased.

• #2 Treatment for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/treatment

  Taking medicines and treating the underlying cause heals most ulcers. However, if your ulcer doesn’t heal or comes back after treatment, your doctor may check for and treat any factors that could be causing the ulcer, such as an H. pylori infection. […] In rare cases, doctors may recommend surgery to treat peptic ulcers that don’t heal. […] Doctors typically treat complications of peptic ulcers in a hospital. In addition to treating the ulcer, doctors may recommend medical procedures, such as an upper GI endoscopy, or surgery to treat ulcer complications. […] If you have a peptic ulcer, finding and treating the underlying cause, such as H. pylori infection, can help lower the chance of developing future ulcers.

• #2 Peptic Ulcers – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/general-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/esophagus-and-stomach/peptic-ulcer

  At Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH), our board certified general and gastrointestinal surgeons offer innovative and effective treatment for patients who have peptic ulcers that do not heal with medication or have caused complications. […] Peptic ulcers typically heal with medication and lifestyle changes. For people who do not respond to medication or have experienced complications such as hemorrhage, perforation or obstruction, surgery is the best option. […] Brigham and Womens Hospital surgeons offer extensive expertise in all surgical approaches: […] Gastrectomy, subtotal or partial gastrectomy, removes part of the stomach. […] Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion. […] Antrectomy removes the lower part of the stomach which produces a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete digestive juices.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Bleeding Peptic Ulcers, H pylori Infection

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/181753-treatment

  Given the current understanding of the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, most patients with peptic ulcer disease are treated successfully with cure of H pylori infection and/or avoidance of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), along with the appropriate use of antisecretory therapy. […] The indications for urgent surgery include failure to achieve hemostasis endoscopically, recurrent bleeding despite endoscopic attempts at achieving hemostasis, and perforation. Many authorities recommend simple oversewing of the ulcer with treatment of the underlying H pylori infection or cessation of NSAIDs for bleeding peptic ulcer disease. […] Endoscopic evaluation of the bleeding ulcer can decrease the duration of the hospital stay by identifying patients at low risk for rebleeding. Moreover, endoscopic therapy reduces the likelihood of recurrent bleeding and decreases the need for surgery.

• #2 Bleeding Peptic Ulcer: Treatment | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/bleeding-peptic-ulcer-treatment

  A needle is placed in a vein in your hand or arm. It’s attached to an IV (intravenous) line. The IV line gives you fluids. It also gives you medicine to prevent pain. […] The provider will then treat your ulcer with one of the following: […] Endoscopy. This procedure uses a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope (scope). The scope has a tiny camera on the end. This lets the provider find the ulcer. […] Interventional angiography. A long catheter is threaded into the arteries near the ulcer. A coil, absorbable sponge, or medicine is put into the blood vessel to stop the ulcer bleeding. […] Surgery. This can be done in two different ways: Open surgery. A cut (incision) is made in your belly (abdomen) to reach the ulcer. […] You’ll be taken to the PACU (post-anesthesia recovery unit) or ICU (intensive care unit). Nurses will watch your condition closely. You’ll be moved to a hospital room when you’re stable. You will be given medicines to help manage pain and to ease symptoms.

• #2 13 Stomach Ulcer Symptoms, Treatment, Diet, Causes & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/peptic_ulcers/article_em.htm

  These treatments are generally given for two weeks. […] Once H pylori bacteria are eradicated from a person’s digestive tract, usually it will not come back. The ulcers usually heal completely and do not return. […] Treatment for bleeding ulcers depends on the severity of blood loss and includes: IV fluids […] Bowel rest: Bed rest and clear fluids with no food at all for a few days. This gives the ulcer a chance to start healing without being irritated. […] Nasogastric tube: Placement of a thin, flexible tube through the nose and down into the stomach. This also relieves pressure on the stomach and helps it heal. […] Urgent endoscopy or surgery, if indicated: Damaged, bleeding blood vessels can usually be cauterized with an endoscope. The endoscope has a small heating device at the end that is used to cauterize a blood vessels.

• #2 Natural and Home Remedies for Stomach Ulcers

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/home-remedies-for-stomach-ulcers-5217459

  There are several options for natural remedies that may help to prevent or improve stomach ulcers. […] Flavonoids are naturally found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant products with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They may improve the inflammation associated with ulcers and protect the lining of the stomach wall from NSAID damage. […] Aloe vera helps to coat the lining of the stomach and has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects on the gastrointestinal tract. […] A study found that when combined with traditional triple therapy, probiotics improved the treatment of peptic ulcers and reduced the risk of treatment side effects. […] Ginger has also been shown to be effective in preventing gastric ulcers caused by H. pylori, stress, alcohol, and NSAIDs. […] Curcumin, the main component of turmeric, has been found to protect against inflammation. It may have a preventive effect on gastric ulcer disease.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Medications are given to reduce acid in the stomach, and antibiotics often are given to eliminate Helicobacter pylori. […] Because infection with H. pylori bacteria is a major cause of ulcers, treatment of H. pylori infection with 2 antibiotics together with bismuth subsalicylate and a proton pump inhibitor (called quadruple therapy) is given when infection is diagnosed. […] Acid-reducing medications block the production of stomach acid. The most commonly used acid-reducing medications include proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 (H2) blockers. […] Neutralizing or reducing stomach acid promotes healing of peptic ulcers regardless of the cause. […] Surgery for ulcers is rarely needed because medications so effectively heal peptic ulcers and endoscopy so effectively stops active bleeding.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease/peptic-ulcer-disease

  Surgery is used primarily to deal with complications of a peptic ulcer, such as a perforation, an obstruction that fails to respond to medication or that recurs, two or more major episodes of bleeding ulcers, a gastric ulcer suspected of being cancerous, and severe and frequent recurrences of peptic ulcers. […] If Helicobacter pylori infection is successfully treated, peptic ulcer disease comes back in only 10% of people. However, peptic ulcer disease comes back in 50% of infected people when Helicobacter pylori infection is not eradicated.

• #2 Peptic Ulcers – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/general-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/esophagus-and-stomach/peptic-ulcer

  Pyloroplasty may be performed with a vagotomy. In pyloroplasty, the opening into the duodenum and small intestine are enlarged, enabling contents to pass from the stomach. […] Laparoscopic surgery uses a long, thin tube with a camera lens attached to examine the organs inside the abdominal cavity to check for abnormalities, and to operate through small incisions. […] Most people with peptic ulcers benefit from dietary and lifestyle changes and medication: […] Antibiotics to kill H. pylori if it has been detected. […] H2-blockers to reduce acid the stomach produces by blocking histamine. […] Acid pump inhibitors help to block stomach acid production by stopping the stomach’s acid pump. […] Mucosal protective agents shield the stomach’s mucous lining from the damage of acid, but do not inhibit the release of acid.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease – American College of Gastroenterology

  https://gi.org/topics/peptic-ulcer-disease/

  Most ulcers can be treated and will heal. Often, people with ulcers will have to take PPIs for several weeks to heal an ulcer. It is also important to correct what caused the ulcer. […] If the person is infected with Helicobacter pylori, then completing the full dose of antibiotics is very important. Just as important, is making sure that the infection is gone. […] People with gastric ulcers (only in the stomach) usually have another EGD several weeks after treatment to make sure that the ulcer is gone.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Maintenance therapy with H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors prevents recurrence in high-risk patients. […] Therapy for refractory peptic ulcer disease involves treatment of the underlying cause and prolonged administration of standard doses of a proton pump inhibitor. […] Surgery is indicated in patients who are intolerant of medications or do not comply with medication regimes, and those at high risk of complications. […] Surgical options for duodenal ulcers include truncal vagotomy and drainage, selective vagotomy and drainage, highly selective vagotomy, or partial gastrectomy. […] Coexisting H. pylori infection should be eradicated to reduce recurrence and minimize the need for long-term antisecretory therapy and further surgical intervention.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ulcer/

  Stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers (sometimes called peptic ulcers) cause the same symptoms and treatment for both is the same. […] Treatment will depend on what caused the ulcer. […] Most people will be prescribed a medication called a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce the amount of acid in their stomach. […] You’ll also need antibiotics if your ulcers were caused by a H. pylori infection. […] Stomach ulcers can come back after treatment, although this is less likely to happen if the underlying cause is addressed.

• #2 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  The most important things you can do to prevent peptic ulcer disease are to: Find and eradicate H. pylori. Most people who have an H. pylori infection aren’t aware of it. […] Peptic ulcers can heal if the conditions that caused them go away. But it usually takes a medical diagnosis to identify the cause. […] Most peptic ulcers heal within a few weeks. Most people will only need medication for about two months. Medications are very effective in treating peptic ulcers. […] Foods and drinks don’t cause peptic ulcers, but they can aggravate them if you have them, especially spicy and acidic foods and drinks. You should also avoid alcohol and smoking if you have symptoms or a history of peptic ulcer disease. […] Always see your provider if you suspect you have a peptic ulcer. While you may be able to manage your symptoms temporarily with over-the-counter medications, these won’t heal the ulcer. You need to identify and address the underlying cause.

• #3 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Patients with bleeding peptic ulcers should be given a proton pump inhibitor to reduce transfusion requirements, need for surgery, and duration of hospitalization. […] If test results are positive for H. pylori, the infection should be eradicated and antisecretory therapy, preferably with a proton pump inhibitor, administered for four weeks. […] Treatment of peptic ulcer disease should include eradication of H. pylori in patients with this infection. […] Proton pump inhibitors provide superior acid suppression, healing rates, and symptom relief and are recommended as initial therapy for most patients. […] Eradicating H. pylori is often sufficient in patients with small duodenal ulcers. […] Repeated EGD with biopsy is recommended to confirm healing of gastric ulcers and to rule out malignancy.

• #3 Peptic ulcer Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/peptic-ulcer

  If bleeding from an ulcer does not stop with medication and supportive care (like fluids and blood transfusion), a physician called a gastroenterologist will perform an endoscopy. He first identifies the ulcer and the area that is bleeding, then injects medications to stop the bleeding and stimulate the formation of a blood clot. If the bleeding recurs or you have a perforated ulcer or an obstruction, surgery may be required. About 30% of people who come to the hospital with a bleeding ulcer need endoscopy or surgery. […] Following these nutritional tips may help reduce symptoms: Foods containing flavonoids, like apples, celery, cranberries (including cranberry juice), onions, garlic, and tea may inhibit the growth of H. pylori. Eat antioxidant-rich foods, including fruits (such as blueberries, cherries, and tomatoes), and vegetables (such as squash and bell peppers). Eat foods high in B vitamins and calcium, such as almonds, beans, whole grains (if no allergy), dark leafy greens (such as spinach and kale), and sea vegetables. Avoid refined foods, such as white breads, pastas, and sugar. Eat fewer red meats and more lean meats, cold-water fish, tofu (soy, if no allergy) or beans for protein. Use healthy oils, such as olive oil or vegetable oil. Reduce or eliminate trans-fatty acids, found in commercially-baked goods, such as cookies, crackers, cakes, French fries, onion rings, donuts, processed foods, and margarine. Avoid beverages that may irritate the stomach lining or increase acid production including coffee (with or without caffeine), alcohol, and carbonated beverages. Drink 6 to 8 glasses of filtered water daily. Exercise at least 30 minutes daily, 5 days a week.

• #3 The Best Natural and Home Remedies for Ulcers

  https://www.healthline.com/health/natural-home-remedies-ulcers

  Eating foods that contain certain compounds may help your body fight the bacteria responsible for stomach ulcers. These compounds include flavonoids, probiotics, and polyphenols. […] In addition to medication, research has shown that some natural home remedies may also help you manage a stomach ulcer. But be sure to speak with your doctor about adding any foods to your diet. […] Research from 2020 suggests that flavonoids may help heal stomach ulcers, due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. […] Flavonoids are referred to using the term gastroprotective, which means they defend the lining of the stomach and could allow ulcers to heal. You can get flavonoids in your diet or take them as supplements. […] While you probably associate aloe vera with relief from sunburn, it can also be a useful treatment for peptic ulcers.

• #3 Peptic Ulcers – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/surgery/general-and-gastrointestinal-surgery/esophagus-and-stomach/peptic-ulcer

  At Brigham and Womens Hospital (BWH), our board certified general and gastrointestinal surgeons offer innovative and effective treatment for patients who have peptic ulcers that do not heal with medication or have caused complications. […] Peptic ulcers typically heal with medication and lifestyle changes. For people who do not respond to medication or have experienced complications such as hemorrhage, perforation or obstruction, surgery is the best option. […] Brigham and Womens Hospital surgeons offer extensive expertise in all surgical approaches: […] Gastrectomy, subtotal or partial gastrectomy, removes part of the stomach. […] Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion. […] Antrectomy removes the lower part of the stomach which produces a hormone that stimulates the stomach to secrete digestive juices.

• #3 Peptic Ulcer Disease | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/1001/p1005.html

  Maintenance therapy with H2 blockers or proton pump inhibitors prevents recurrence in high-risk patients. […] Therapy for refractory peptic ulcer disease involves treatment of the underlying cause and prolonged administration of standard doses of a proton pump inhibitor. […] Surgery is indicated in patients who are intolerant of medications or do not comply with medication regimes, and those at high risk of complications. […] Surgical options for duodenal ulcers include truncal vagotomy and drainage, selective vagotomy and drainage, highly selective vagotomy, or partial gastrectomy. […] Coexisting H. pylori infection should be eradicated to reduce recurrence and minimize the need for long-term antisecretory therapy and further surgical intervention.

• #3 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

  The most important things you can do to prevent peptic ulcer disease are to: Find and eradicate H. pylori. Most people who have an H. pylori infection aren’t aware of it. […] Peptic ulcers can heal if the conditions that caused them go away. But it usually takes a medical diagnosis to identify the cause. […] Most peptic ulcers heal within a few weeks. Most people will only need medication for about two months. Medications are very effective in treating peptic ulcers. […] Foods and drinks don’t cause peptic ulcers, but they can aggravate them if you have them, especially spicy and acidic foods and drinks. You should also avoid alcohol and smoking if you have symptoms or a history of peptic ulcer disease. […] Always see your provider if you suspect you have a peptic ulcer. While you may be able to manage your symptoms temporarily with over-the-counter medications, these won’t heal the ulcer. You need to identify and address the underlying cause.

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