Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Health Information Library | Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina

  https://rspp.co.id/dcontent.html?id=CON-20359715&n=Congenital%20mitral%20valve%20anomalies

  Congenital mitral valve anomalies are types of heart valve disease that are present at birth. That means they are congenital heart defects. The conditions affect the valve between the heart’s upper and lower left chambers. That valve is called the mitral valve. […] Treatment depends on the symptoms and how severe they are. […] Some people with congenital mitral anomalies may need surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] People born with congenital mitral valve anomalies need lifelong health checkups. It’s best to be cared for by a healthcare professional trained in congenital heart conditions. These types of doctors are called pediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.

• #2 Congenital mitral valve anomalies – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/congenital-mitral-valve-anomalies/

  Congenital mitral valve anomalies are heart problems present at birth (congenital heart defects) that affect the valve between the heart’s upper left chamber (left atrium) and lower left chamber (left ventricle). […] Treatment of congenital mitral valve anomalies depends on your signs and symptoms and how severe your condition is. Your doctor may monitor your condition with regular checkups. […] Children and adults who have had surgery for congenital mitral valve anomalies or who have congenital mitral valve anomalies will need lifelong care provided by doctors trained in congenital heart conditions, such as pediatric and adult congenital cardiologists. Children and adults will need regular follow-up appointments to monitor for any changes in their condition. Sometime people need repeat valve repair or other surgeries to replace a valve that no longer works.

• #3 Mitral Valve Disease | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/mitral-valve-disease

  Mitral valve disease disrupts the flow of oxygen-rich blood through those chambers and, in turn, affects the rest of the body. It can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and potentially heart failure. Many of our patients are born with congenital mitral valve disease, which can manifest as a unicuspid (having only one valve flap instead of two) condition. […] The Congenital Heart Valve Program at Boston Childrens specializes in the care and treatment of mitral valve disease. […] We have the expertise to develop the most appropriate individualized care plan for your child. […] Some young patients with mitral valve stenosis may benefit from a catheter-based procedure called mitral valve balloon dilation.

• #4 Mitral valve incompetence: epidemiology and causes

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-16/Mitral-valve-incompetence-epidemiology-and-causes

  Mitral incompetence may occur as congenital malformations of the mitral valve. They are often complex and affect multiple segments of the valve apparatus. These may occur in isolation or in association with other congenital heart defects. In an echocardiographic study, congenital malformations of the mitral valve were detected in almost 0.5% of the 13,400 subjects. […] Isolated cleft of the anterior mitral valve leaflet is a rare but well-known finding, the origin of which is under debate. Indeed, some authors have considered isolated cleft to be a 'forme fruste’ of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), whereas others have supposed it to be a distinct morphological entity. […] The definition of a mitral cleft is a division of one of the leaflets (usually the anterior leaflet) of the mitral valve.

• #5 Valvular heart disease: congenital anomalies of the mitral

  https://hospital.vallhebron.com/en/healthcare/diseases/valvular-heart-disease-congenital-anomalies-mitral-valve

  Congenital mitral valve anomalies include a wide range of irregularities in the valves and subvalvular systems. This can cause problems from obstruction to mitral valve insufficiency. Two specific problems can occur: stenosis, which affects children; and congenital mitral insufficiency. […] Congenital mitral stenosis tends to appear in the first two years of life, and congenital mitral insufficiency occurs where there is an excess of liquid in the lung which causes breathing difficulties. […] Symptoms of congenital mitral stenosis are: Slow weight gain, Tiredness, Sweating when feeding. Congenital mitral insufficiency results in an increase in respiratory infections. […] Congenital mitral valve anomalies are rare and make up 0.5% of congenital heart defects. […] Congenital mitral stenosis requires different kinds of treatment depending on how severe it is. Mild damage and/or with few symptoms: conservative treatment initially with diuretics. Severe and/or a lot of symptoms: surgery is required. […] In the case of congenital mitral insufficiency, surgical repair or replacement of the valve is necessary in patients with symptoms who have severe mitral insufficiency and do not respond to treatment.

• #6 Surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-99402010000200005

  Surgical development of mitral valve repair techniques in pediatric patients has been slow because of the great variety in the presentation of congenital mitral valve malformations and the still unknown growing effect over the complex mitral valve apparatus. […] The aim of this study is to review our early an midterm institutional outcomes in surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations. […] Surgical repair is probably the best technique option in the treatment of congenital malformations of the mitral valve, and transesophageal intraoperatory echocardiography must be highly recommended for evaluation of results. […] The objective of this study is to review, the early and midterm results in the surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations at our institution. […] The most common cause of mitral insufficiency in our series was anterior leaflet valve cleft, as well as shortening of tendineal chords.

• #7 Two Holes in One: A Rare Case of Congenital Mitral Valve Anomaly | Congenital Mitral Valve Anomaly

  https://www.japscjournal.com/articles/two-holes-one-rare-case-congenital-mitral-valve-anomaly?language_content_entity=en

  Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare cardiac congenital anomaly characterised by a mitral valve with a single fibrous annulus and two orifices. […] Recognition of double-orifice mitral valve and awareness of the anatomic variations are important to achieve good therapeutic results. Treatment is necessary only if significant mitral stenosis or mitral regurgitation is present. […] Management depends on the severity of the valvular stenosis and/or regurgitation, associated congenital defects and clinical presentation. Asymptomatic DOMV usually requires no active intervention; in cases of severe mitral regurgitation, stenosis or associated cardiac anomalies, surgical repair is needed. In the case discussed here, because there were no symptoms and concomitant abnormalities, regular long-term follow-up was advised for the early detection of complications.

• #8 Mitral valve incompetence: epidemiology and causes

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-16/Mitral-valve-incompetence-epidemiology-and-causes

  Double orifice mitral valve (DOMV) is a rare condition occurring in 1% of autopsied cases of congenital heart disease. DOMV is rarely isolated but usually an ancillary finding in the setting of a more complex congenital cardiac anomaly. […] Although parachute mitral valve is more responsible for mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation may occur, and it must be equally carefully followed because of its progressive evolution. True parachute mitral valve is characterised by unifocal attachment of the mitral valve chordae to a single (or fused) papillary muscle. […] In both parachute mitral valve and parachute-like asymmetric mitral valve, the chordae are short and thickened, thus restricting the motion of the leaflets.

• #9 Challenges of managing anomalous mitral arcade with severe mitral regurgitation and hydrops fetalis in infants | BMJ Case Reports

  https://casereports.bmj.com/content/17/6/e259272

  Anomalous mitral arcade (MA) is a rare congenital anomaly. […] There is limited experience in surgical management of this condition in Thailand, and the patients mitral valve was too small for replacement. Therefore, he was treated with medication to control heart failure and supported with positive pressure ventilation to promote growth. […] The patient achieved favourable outcomes in medical management, benefiting from a holistic treatment team. […] Medical management of MA aims to control CHF due to MV insufficiency. […] The initial medical management of MA focuses on controlling congestive heart failure (CHF) due to mitral valve insufficiency. […] Optimal growth assessment and nutritional support are crucial for preventing growth failure and enhancing short and long-term outcomes. […] The involvement of a holistic treatment team is crucial in providing comprehensive care for MA.

• #10 Congenital mitral valve anomalies | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20359715/

  Congenital mitral valve anomalies are types of heart valve disease that are present at birth. That means they are congenital heart defects. The conditions affect the valve between the hearts upper and lower left chambers. That valve is called the mitral valve. […] Symptoms of congenital mitral valve anomalies may be serious or mild. Serious symptoms in babies and young children may include: Shortness of breath during feedings. Poor weight gain. A pale gray or bluish tint to the skin. Depending on skin color, these changes may be easier or harder to see. Heavy breathing. A fast heartbeat. Swelling in the legs, belly or around the eyes. […] If you or your child has symptoms of heart valve disease, including congenital mitral valve anomalies, talk with a healthcare professional. You may be sent to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist.

• #11 Congenital Mitral Valve Stenosis Treatment | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/congenital-mitral-valve-stenosis-treatment/

  Congenital mitral valve stenosis means a narrowing of the mitral valve. This valve controls blood flowing from the heart’s left atrium to the left ventricle. […] The narrow opening reduces the amount of blood that can flow into the left ventricle, which causes the blood to back up into the left atrium and the lungs. The result can be fatigue and short of breath. Blood held back in the left atrium causes that chamber to enlarge. Fluid also will build up in the lungs. […] For many children, the first hint of mitral valve stenosis will be a heart murmur. Your child’s doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope during a routine examination. An echocardiogram can provide more detail regarding your child’s heart murmur. […] In severe cases, your child may need a valvuloplasty or open heart surgery to fix or replace the valve. The board-certified and fellowship-trained specialists at Norton Children’s Heart Institute have the experience and skills to diagnose mitral valve stenosis and provide a treatment plan specifically for your child.

• #12 Mitral Valve Disease | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/programs/congenital-heart-valve-program/valve-conditions/mitral-valve

  The Congenital Heart Valve Program is dedicated to the care of children and adults with congenital heart defects. […] The Congenital Heart Valve Program at Boston Children’s specializes in the care and treatment of mitral valve disease. […] We work closely with the Fetal Cardiology Program to detect and diagnose mitral valve disease and any CHD in the fetal stage. […] Some young patients with mitral valve stenosis may benefit from a catheter-based procedure called mitral valve balloon dilation.

• #13 Congenital mitral valve anomalies | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20359715/

  Treatment depends on the symptoms and how severe they are. […] Some people with congenital mitral anomalies may need surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] People born with congenital mitral valve anomalies need lifelong health checkups. Its best to be cared for by a healthcare professional trained in congenital heart conditions. These types of doctors are called pediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.

• #14 Mitral Valve Abnormalities – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/mitral-valve-abnormalities/

  An abnormal mitral valve may become floppy and not close well (prolapse), it may allow blood to leak back from the left ventricle into the left atrium (regurgitation) or it may become narrow or tight (stenosis). […] Some children are born with mitral valve problems. In many cases, the cause is not clear. Children born with mitral valve problems may have other conditions that need treatment. […] Some children begin life with a normal mitral valve and then develop problems later on. One cause of mitral valve problems is rheumatic fever, which happens after a strep infection. […] Many children with mitral valve abnormalities do not need treatment. Even so, they do need regular visits with a pediatric cardiologist. […] During these visits, we carefully check your child for signs that their condition is getting worse and might need treatment soon. It is important to watch for problems, even before symptoms start, so we can find and treat any concerns before they become severe.

• #15 Mitral Valve Abnormalities – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/mitral-valve-abnormalities/

  Most children with mitral valve prolapse do not need treatment because their valve causes no symptoms or problems. If they do have symptoms, like palpitations or chest pain, they may need medicine to relieve these. […] Depending on how severe it is, this valve problem may be treated with medicine that helps the left ventricle pump better so less blood leaks back into the left atrium. […] If mitral valve stenosis is not treated, blood pressure in the lungs may get too high. This is called pulmonary hypertension. It can cause permanent damage to the lungs and the heart, including heart failure. […] To prevent damage, some children can have a procedure to open their mitral valve. We do this in the catheterization lab. The doctor inserts a balloon through the valve. When they inflate the balloon, it stretches the valve open. Then they remove the balloon. This is called balloon valvuloplasty.

• #16 Congenital Mitral Valve Stenosis Treatment | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/congenital-mitral-valve-stenosis-treatment/

  Norton Children’s Heart Institute specialists can identify whether your child’s congenital mitral valve stenosis is mild or severe. In minor cases, it may be enough to simply watch its progress and possibly give medication to lessen its effects. In other cases, more invasive procedures may be necessary. […] One potential treatment for mitral valve stenosis is called a balloon valvuloplasty. Your child will be sedated (asleep) for the procedure. A specially trained pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist with give the anesthesia and closely monitor your child. […] Mitral valve replacement is a more invasive surgery than a balloon valvuloplasty. Your child’s surgeon may need to remove the narrowed valve and replace it with a mechanical valve or a donor valve. […] The specialists at Norton Children’s Heart Institute will follow your child after these procedures and be able to provide answers to your questions before you leave the hospital.

• #17 Structural Heart Disease Treatment – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/heart-care/structural-heart-disease

  Generally, patients spend one or two nights in the hospital after the procedure. Most patients experience an immediate reduction of mitral regurgitation and significant improvement in quality of life soon after the procedure. […] If shortness of breath still occurs despite medication, the valve narrowing can be treated with a catheter-based minimally invasive procedure in which a catheter with a balloon is threaded up into the heart and across the valve. […] The balloon is then inflated and removed, which alleviates the narrowing and allows the blood to flow across the valve more normally. On occasion, the valve cannot be fixed with this balloon; in such cases, surgery to replace the valve is usually recommended.

• #18 Surgical treatment of congenital mitral valve disease: midterm results of a repair-oriented policy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18544378/

  Objective: Management of congenital mitral valve disease is challenging because of a wide morphologic spectrum, frequent associated lesions, and small patient size. We evaluated the results of a repair-oriented policy. […] Conclusion: Surgical repair of the congenital mitral valve can be successfully performed with low mortality, satisfactory valvular function at midterm follow-up, and acceptable reoperation rate while obviating risks associated with valvular prostheses. Suboptimal primary repair was significant predictor for reoperation but re-repair was often successful.

• #19 Surgical repair of congenital mitral valve malformations

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-99402010000200005

  We believe that anticoagulation therapy is not needed for patients with surgical mitral valve repair except for the first three months postoperatively in our only case where Carpentier’s rigid hemiannulus prosthesis was used. […] Although this series cannot lead us to drive definite conclusions, we can say that mitral valve repair in pediatric patients is probably the best technique option in the treatment of congenital malformations of the mitral valve, because of the satisfactory early and midterm outcomes, low global mortality and a high freedom from reoperation for mitral valve prosthetic replacement survival rate. […] In addition, mitral valve repair allows preservation of the native valve without interfering with its growth, avoiding anticoagulation at an early age. […] The routine use of transesophageal intraoperative echocardiography must be highly recommended for evaluation of results in a surgical mitral valve repair procedure.

• #20 Congenital mitral valve anomalies

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20359715

  Congenital mitral valve anomalies are problems with the valve between the heart’s two left chambers. That valve is called the mitral valve. Congenital means it is present at birth. […] Treatment depends on the symptoms and how severe the condition is. If you have congenital mitral valve anomalies, you should have regular health checkups. […] People born with congenital mitral valve anomalies need lifelong health checkups. It’s best to be cared for by a provider trained in congenital heart conditions. These types of providers are called pediatric and adult congenital cardiologists.

• #21 Mitral Valve Abnormalities – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/mitral-valve-abnormalities/

  We match your child’s care to their symptoms, and we take into account their age, growth and development. Some children with mitral valve abnormalities need no treatment. Others need medicines or heart valve repair or replacement. Your child’s treatment plan is custom-made for them. […] We are committed to your child’s overall health and well-being and to helping your child live a full and active life. […] Doctors and scientists at Seattle Children’s are working to advance treatment for mitral valve abnormalities and enhance the quality of life for children who need treatment for valve problems.

• #22 Congenital Heart Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/congenital-heart-disease/

  Caring for Patients with Heart Conditions Present Since Birth refers to a variety of structural heart defects that are present at birth. Thanks to major advances in surgical treatment, more than 90 percent of infants and children diagnosed with congenital heart disease now survive into adulthood, many of them reaching middle age and beyond. […] Most adults with congenital heart disease don’t get the long-term follow-up care that’s recommended. Even when heart defects are surgically repaired during infancy or childhood, patients with congenital heart disease can experience recurring problems or develop complications years later. In addition, patients can be at higher risk for new heart problems as adults. […] The nurses, cardiac rehabilitation specialists, psychotherapists, and social workers of UT Southwestern’s Congenital Heart Disease Program provide intensive support, guidance, and education to help patients cope effectively with the long-term emotional and practical aspects of life with congenital heart disease.

• #23 Congenital heart disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/congenital-heart-disease

  Children with heart defects need special care to prevent infections. […] Please speak with your child’s cardiologist about whether your child requires antibiotics for some procedures such as when they have teeth removed or when they have other surgery which involves the mouth, nose, intestinal organs or genito-urinary systems. Bacteria may enter the bloodstream during these procedures and can cause serious infection (known as infective endocarditis) in the abnormal part of the heart. All medications should be checked with the pharmacist, family doctor or cardiologist. The usual immunisations should be given at the normal times after advice from your doctor.

• #24 Feline congenital heart disease: understanding the clinical signs and managing care – Veterinary Practice

  https://www.veterinary-practice.com/article/feline-congenital-heart-disease-understanding-the-clinical-signs-and-managing-care

  Nursing patients with congenital heart disease […] Nursing actions will depend upon clinical signs and diagnosis. Reducing stress for the cat and managing the cats environment are vital components of nursing care. Cats may require oxygen supplementation, thoracocentesis and breaks between diagnostic tests. It is helpful to discuss with the veterinary surgeon the diagnostic tests required and prioritise the order they are done, to allow the cat time to rest between tests. Furthermore, if echocardiography is taking some time due to the complex nature of the defects, the cat may not be able to tolerate lateral recumbency for long, especially if CHF is present, as this will compromise lung function. A nurse should always be mindful in these cases, because curiosity should not compromise patient care.

• #25 Feline congenital heart disease: understanding the clinical signs and managing care – Veterinary Practice

  https://www.veterinary-practice.com/article/feline-congenital-heart-disease-understanding-the-clinical-signs-and-managing-care

  CHD is rare in cats, and there are many variables in how they may present. Cats are more likely to be younger and have a louder heart murmur. They can present with left- and/or right-sided heart failure, collapse and cyanosis. All cats exhibiting signs of respiratory compromise need to be handled with caution and minimal stress.

• #26 Congenital Heart Disease | Conditions & Treatments | UTSW

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/congenital-heart-disease/

  Although heart defects are not passed from mother to child, adult women with congenital heart disease who wish to have children require close, specialized medical attention to ensure a safe pregnancy and delivery. […] Through comprehensive evaluation, consultations with specialists in electrophysiology and maternal-fetal medicine, and regular monitoring during pregnancy and childbirth, UT Southwestern’s multidisciplinary care helps many women with adult congenital heart disease become healthy mothers of healthy infants.

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