Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sebaceous Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610689/

  Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive epithelial malignancy involving the sebaceous gland. […] The definitive diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is established through incisional or partial-thickness biopsy, with scouting biopsies performed in cases of severe inflammation. […] The gold standard technique for sebaceous carcinoma treatment is complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA), which includes MMS and the Tubingen torte technique. […] Management guidelines of sebaceous carcinoma recommend germline testing for MTS or HNPCC for any extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, a Mayo MTS risk score greater than or equal to 2, or age younger than 50 years with a sebaceous carcinoma tumor that has an MMR mutation. […] The diagnosis and management of sebaceous carcinoma pose challenges due to the condition’s diverse histologic growth patterns and varied clinical presentations, often leading to its misidentification as a common benign entity.

• #2 Sebaceous carcinoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sebaceous-carcinoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20577038

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a type of cancer that begins in an oil gland in your skin. It most often affects the eyelid and may cause a lump or skin thickening. […] Sebaceous carcinoma treatment often involves surgery to remove the cancer. Sebaceous carcinoma can grow quickly and sometimes spreads to other parts of the body. […] Make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional if you have any symptoms that worry you. […] The cause of sebaceous carcinoma often isn’t known. This cancer starts as a growth of cells in the oil-producing glands of the skin. These glands are called sebaceous glands. […] Sebaceous carcinoma happens when sebaceous gland cells get changes in their DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to grow and multiply quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells. The cancer cells form a growth or lump on the skin. […] Risk factors for sebaceous carcinoma include: Weakened immune system. If the body’s germ-fighting immune system is weakened by medicine or illness, there might be a higher risk of sebaceous carcinoma. […] There is no way to prevent sebaceous carcinoma.

• #3 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #4 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: Background, History of the Procedure, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1213781-overview

  Sebaceous cell carcinoma is a lethal eyelid malignancy and can masquerade as benign conditions. Error or delay in diagnosis is common, and this tumor carries a significant mortality rate with metastasis. […] This type of tumor has been confused with other tumors, both clinically and histologically. […] Either fresh tissue or formalin-fixed tissue not exposed to alcohol can be frozen, and positive fat stains, such as oil red O, can confirm the diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma. […] Perform a biopsy on all recurrent or resistant chalazia, as well as new nonresolving lesions of the eyelid. […] Sebaceous carcinoma is a fast-growing form of skin cancer that has a 5-year survival rate of 78% for localized/regional disease and 50% for metastatic disease. The incidence of this cancer has been on the rise in the United States for many years, but the factors contributing to this increase are not fully understood.

• #5 Sebaceous Neoplasms

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/10/1676

  Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon cutaneous neoplasm. […] The prevalence reported in two studies, based on the US and Texas registries of skin malignancies, varies between 0.05% and 0.7% among other skin tumors. […] Although uncommon, it represents 1–3.2% of all periorbital malignancies. […] Clinically, sebaceous tumors are often mistaken for more common malignant skin neoplasms, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] In these cases, the diagnosis can be assisted by the use of dermoscopy and confirmed with the help of histopathology. […] Establishing the diagnosis of suspicious neoplasms for sebaceous carcinoma differs upon localization. […] Achieving the diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma can be difficult even for pathologists. […] The routine hematoxylin–eosin-embedded sections demonstrate a basoloid neoplasm in lobules or sheets of cells separated by a fibrovascular stroma with infiltrating edges, while cytologically hyperchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli are observed.

• #6 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma, also known as sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGc), is an uncommon malignant cutaneous (skin) tumor. […] Due to the rarity of this tumor and variability in clinical and histological presentation, SGc is often misdiagnosed as an inflammatory condition or a more common neoplasm. […] There is no pathognomonic presentation of SGc often resulting in a delay of diagnosis of months to years. […] The average delay in diagnosis has been reported to be 1.0 2.9 years from expected onset of the lesion. […] Patients with ocular sebaceous carcinomas present with nonhealing eyelid tumors that are often misdiagnosed for more common benign conditions such as chalazion, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, or other inflammatory conditions. […] Given the aggressive growth and pagetoid spread of SGc, full thickness biopsy with microscopic examination is required for definitive diagnosis of sebaceous carcinomas. […] Different markers and stains help differentiate sebaceous carcinomas from other cancers.

• #7 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant, and potentially lethal tumor of the skin, which most commonly occurs in the eyelid. […] The clinical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is difficult. A study of 4 oculoplastic ophthalmologists in Canada examined 358 cases of periocular lesions–of which 2 were sebaceous carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis of these two lesions were: basal cell carcinoma and a vague diagnosis (e.g. lesion or mass). […] One of the hallmark features of sebaceous carcinoma is pagetoid spread–spreading of malignant cells to epithelium that appears to be separate from main tumor. Therefore, it is important to obtain a wide excisional biopsy of the primary lesion and map biopsies of the conjunctiva (including the palpebral conjunctiva in both lids and four quadrants of the bulbar conjunctiva).

• #8 Sebaceous Carcinoma | Cancer Care and Oncology | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/cancer-care-oncology/conditions/sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is rare and is sometimes mistaken for a stye, pink eye or chalazion. […] Doctors use imaging tests, biopsy and physical exam including a skin exam and eye exam to diagnose sebaceous carcinoma. […] Your oncologist may use one or more of the following tests to diagnose this condition: […] Physical exam – your doctor will perform a complete physical exam, including asking questions about your health history, symptoms and related risk factors. Your doctor will perform a skin exam and eye exam as part of the physical exam. […] Biopsy – in this test, your doctor removes a biopsy (small tissue sample) from the suspicious area of the skin. This sample is sent to the laboratory, where a specialist closely checks the biopsy for abnormalities. […] Computerized tomography (CT) scan – your doctor may order a CT scan to help determine if the cancer has spread beyond your skin. This specialized imaging test uses a series of X-ray images to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. […] Positron emission tomography (PET) scan – your doctor may use this type of imaging test to help determine if the cancer has spread. A PET scan uses a radioactive substance to provide information about the activity of potentially cancerous cells.

• #9 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant, and potentially lethal tumor of the skin, which most commonly occurs in the eyelid. […] The clinical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is difficult. A study of 4 oculoplastic ophthalmologists in Canada examined 358 cases of periocular lesions–of which 2 were sebaceous carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis of these two lesions were: basal cell carcinoma and a vague diagnosis (e.g. lesion or mass). […] One of the hallmark features of sebaceous carcinoma is pagetoid spread–spreading of malignant cells to epithelium that appears to be separate from main tumor. Therefore, it is important to obtain a wide excisional biopsy of the primary lesion and map biopsies of the conjunctiva (including the palpebral conjunctiva in both lids and four quadrants of the bulbar conjunctiva).

• #10 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant, and potentially lethal tumor of the skin, which most commonly occurs in the eyelid. […] The clinical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is difficult. A study of 4 oculoplastic ophthalmologists in Canada examined 358 cases of periocular lesions–of which 2 were sebaceous carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis of these two lesions were: basal cell carcinoma and a vague diagnosis (e.g. lesion or mass). […] One of the hallmark features of sebaceous carcinoma is pagetoid spread–spreading of malignant cells to epithelium that appears to be separate from main tumor. Therefore, it is important to obtain a wide excisional biopsy of the primary lesion and map biopsies of the conjunctiva (including the palpebral conjunctiva in both lids and four quadrants of the bulbar conjunctiva).

• #11 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #12 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that starts in your skins oil-producing (sebaceous) glands. Its an aggressive cancer that can return after treatment. Dermatologists often perform Mohs surgery to treat this cancer. […] A dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in skin conditions) will perform a skin biopsy to remove the growth and check for cancer cells under a microscope. […] If a skin biopsy indicates you have sebaceous carcinoma, you may see a team of doctors for diagnosis and treatment. Your provider will take your history and do a physical exam to look for evidence of cancer spread to your lymph nodes or other organs. An ophthalmologist will examine your eye to see if the tumor has extended onto your eye. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.

• #13 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #14 Sebaceous carcinoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sebaceous-carcinoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20577655

  Tests and procedures used to diagnose sebaceous carcinoma include: […] A healthcare professional may carefully inspect your skin to understand your condition. […] Your healthcare professional may remove a small amount of tissue for testing. Specialized lab tests can determine if cancer cells are present.

• #15 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #16 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that starts in your skins oil-producing (sebaceous) glands. Its an aggressive cancer that can return after treatment. Dermatologists often perform Mohs surgery to treat this cancer. […] A dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in skin conditions) will perform a skin biopsy to remove the growth and check for cancer cells under a microscope. […] If a skin biopsy indicates you have sebaceous carcinoma, you may see a team of doctors for diagnosis and treatment. Your provider will take your history and do a physical exam to look for evidence of cancer spread to your lymph nodes or other organs. An ophthalmologist will examine your eye to see if the tumor has extended onto your eye. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.

• #17 Sebaceous carcinoma

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/sebaceous-carcinoma/?section=Diagnosis

  Sebaceous carcinoma treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer. […] Tests and procedures used to diagnose sebaceous carcinoma include: […] Skin examination. Your doctor will carefully inspect your skin to understand your condition. […] Eye examination. An eye doctor (ophthalmologist) will carefully examine your eyelid and your eye to look for signs that cancer has spread to the tissue (conjunctiva) that covers the inside of your eyelid and the white of your eye (sclera). […] Skin biopsy. Your doctor will remove a small amount of tissue for testing. Specialized laboratory tests can determine if cancer cells are present.

• #18 Sebaceous Carcinoma (Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma, Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma, Meibomian Gland Carcinoma) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/sebaceous-carcinoma-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-meibomian-gland-carcinoma/

  The choice between an incisional and excisional biopsy is not always straightforward, although it may be aided by the location of the lesion and extent of tissue involvement. […] The diagnosis of SC can help identify patients with Muir-Torre syndrome and help initiate cancer screening as early as possible in the course of their disease. […] Given the diverse clinical presentation of sebaceous carcinoma reported, the list of differential diagnosis is long. It includes basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous horn, unilateral conjunctivitis, chalazion blepharoconjunctivitis, Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous metastatic cancer including renal cell carcinoma, granulomatous lesions such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or tuberculosis, clear-cell eccrine hidradenoma, ocular pemphigoid, conjunctival carcinoma in situ and lacrimal gland tumors. Histology and immunohistochemistry aid in distinguishing sebaceous carcinoma from each of the above entities, as discussed previously.

• #19 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #20 Sebaceous carcinoma | Acclaim Dermatology

  https://acclaimdermatology.com/blog/sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare skin cancer. It is considered an aggressive skin cancer because it can spread. […] The sooner this cancer is diagnosed and treated the better the outcome. If SC spreads, it can be deadly. […] If you notice a growth on your eyelid, it is important that you see a dermatologist for a diagnosis. […] Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. […] Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including your medical history, the biopsy findings, and discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist and ophthalmologist. […] If SC is suspected, you also will need a thorough physical exam, a thorough eye exam, and other medical tests. […] To find out whether the cancer has spread, you may need more medical tests, such as fine needle aspiration biopsy and lymph node biopsy.

• #21 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant, and potentially lethal tumor of the skin, which most commonly occurs in the eyelid. […] The clinical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is difficult. A study of 4 oculoplastic ophthalmologists in Canada examined 358 cases of periocular lesions–of which 2 were sebaceous carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis of these two lesions were: basal cell carcinoma and a vague diagnosis (e.g. lesion or mass). […] One of the hallmark features of sebaceous carcinoma is pagetoid spread–spreading of malignant cells to epithelium that appears to be separate from main tumor. Therefore, it is important to obtain a wide excisional biopsy of the primary lesion and map biopsies of the conjunctiva (including the palpebral conjunctiva in both lids and four quadrants of the bulbar conjunctiva).

• #22 Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/eyelid-tumors/sebaceous-carcinoma-eyelid/

  Sebaceous carcinoma arises from the glands within the eyelids, caruncle or eyebrow. They are more commonly found on the upper eyelid and in middle-aged patients. […] Sebaceous cell carcinoma is suspected due to evidence of eyelash loss and the formation of a yellow-nodule. This tumor can also present as a persistent (months) non-responsive blepharitis or conjunctivitis. In these cases, a high index of suspicion for sebaceous cell carcinoma will lead to biopsy and the diagnosis. Once sebaceous carcinoma is suspected a biopsy is warranted. Before surgery, the pathologist should be advised of this possible diagnosis so the specimen can be processed appropriately. […] Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid typically presents as a yellow-nodule in the upper lid. The patient may have history of colon, breast, genitourinary or other skin malignancies (Muir-Torre Syndrome).* When a nodular tumor, it can cause eyelash loss, but is not painful (compared to styes). This tumor can also present as a hypervascular conjunctival tumor and tends to spread along the conjunctival surface. In these cases sebaceous carcinoma looks like conjunctivitis.

• #23 Sebaceous Carcinoma (Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma, Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma, Meibomian Gland Carcinoma) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/sebaceous-carcinoma-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-meibomian-gland-carcinoma/

  The choice between an incisional and excisional biopsy is not always straightforward, although it may be aided by the location of the lesion and extent of tissue involvement. […] The diagnosis of SC can help identify patients with Muir-Torre syndrome and help initiate cancer screening as early as possible in the course of their disease. […] Given the diverse clinical presentation of sebaceous carcinoma reported, the list of differential diagnosis is long. It includes basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous horn, unilateral conjunctivitis, chalazion blepharoconjunctivitis, Merkel cell carcinoma, cutaneous metastatic cancer including renal cell carcinoma, granulomatous lesions such as sarcoidosis, syphilis or tuberculosis, clear-cell eccrine hidradenoma, ocular pemphigoid, conjunctival carcinoma in situ and lacrimal gland tumors. Histology and immunohistochemistry aid in distinguishing sebaceous carcinoma from each of the above entities, as discussed previously.

• #24 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, highly malignant, and potentially lethal tumor of the skin, which most commonly occurs in the eyelid. […] The clinical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is difficult. A study of 4 oculoplastic ophthalmologists in Canada examined 358 cases of periocular lesions–of which 2 were sebaceous carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis of these two lesions were: basal cell carcinoma and a vague diagnosis (e.g. lesion or mass). […] One of the hallmark features of sebaceous carcinoma is pagetoid spread–spreading of malignant cells to epithelium that appears to be separate from main tumor. Therefore, it is important to obtain a wide excisional biopsy of the primary lesion and map biopsies of the conjunctiva (including the palpebral conjunctiva in both lids and four quadrants of the bulbar conjunctiva).

• #25 What Is Sebaceous Carcinoma?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/skin-care/sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that is aggressive in nature. The mortality rate with sebaceous carcinoma is high because it is a malignant tumor with an increased rate of spread. […] Pagetoid spread, a vital hallmark diagnostic feature of sebaceous carcinoma, is the spread of malignant cells towards the epithelium, away from the primary tumor. A comprehensive excisional biopsy is done on the primary lesion to bring about the diagnosis. After the diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is made, a biopsy is taken in the regional lymph nodes, if involved. Fine needle aspiration cytology is carried out by taking a sample with the help of a hollow needle. The sample is then histologically evaluated for the presence of malignant cells. […] Distant metastasis of sebaceous carcinoma is identified with the help of a CT or MRI scan. In patients with Muir-Torre syndrome, early diagnosis for deep cancers is made using a Positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

• #26 Sebaceous Carcinoma (Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma, Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma, Meibomian Gland Carcinoma) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/sebaceous-carcinoma-sebaceous-gland-carcinoma-sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-meibomian-gland-carcinoma/

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has been termed the great masquerader of adnexal tumors. Its diverse clinical presentation does not allow for a characteristic illustration. Yet clinical awareness and diagnostic acumen are paramount given its aggressive and malignant nature and its negative impact on morbidity and mortality when not treated in an effective and timely manner. […] The diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is made histopathologically. On histology sebaceous carcinoma presents with disorderly invasion of the dermis by basaloid or squamoid cells and includes poorly differentiated sebaceous cells in ill-defined lobules. Moderate to severe atypia is prominent, including hyperchromatism and pleomorphism with many abnormal mitotic figures and foamy cytoplasm. […] However, in reality, diagnosis can be challenging, particularly when sebaceous areas are subtle and focal, and additional immunohistochemical stains may be necessary.

• #27 Sebaceous Carcinoma – EyeWiki

  https://eyewiki.org/Sebaceous_Carcinoma

  The histopathology varies depending on the differentiation of the tumor. In well differentiated lesions, there is a lobular arrangement and vacuolization of the cytoplasm cells centrally. […] The mainstay of treatment is surgical excision. It is important to ensure a full thickness specimen, and to consider obtaining map biopsies of the conjunctiva. […] Mohs micrographic surgery or complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA) are first line treatments for sebaceous carcinoma. […] Sebaceous carcinoma prognosis relies on several factors, including size, location, treatment approach, and tumor stage.

• #28 Sebaceous Neoplasms

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/10/1676

  The degree of cellular differentiation can vary and is classified as poorly, moderately, and well differentiated. […] According to WHO, three levels of grading are proposed: well-demarcated tumors with roughly equally sized cellular lobules are classified as grade I; those presenting a mix of well-defined nests and infiltrative features and/or confluent nests as grade II; and finally, grade III are those with a highly invasive growth and/or medullary sheet-like pattern. […] The management of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is based on complete tumor excision with histological margin control. […] Both Mohs micrographic excision and complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA) represent the gold standard techniques, followed by wide local excision, in order to prevent recurrence. […] The early diagnosis of sebaceous carcinomas is considered the key stone for disease-free patients, along with surgical excision with free, histopathological controlled, margins, by performing Mohs or CCPDMA.

• #29

  https://journals.lww.com/amjdermatopathology/fulltext/2015/11000/role_of_immunohistochemistry_in_the_diagnosis_of.1.aspx

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a relatively uncommon malignant epithelial neoplasm with a predilection for the periocular region. The diagnosis of SC can be difficult to make at initial presentation, as it can clinically and histopathologically resemble other common benign and malignant epithelial lesions. A diagnosis of SC is made by confirmation of sebaceous differentiation of neoplastic cells, which can often be accomplished by conventional microscopic findings; however, its recognition may be sometimes difficult and requires ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry (IHC). […] The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of IHC in the diagnosis of SC and to provide some guidelines for interpretation in the diagnosis of these neoplasms. […] Our study indicates that adipophilin represents a sensitive and reliable marker for the diagnosis of SC and can be of help in separating this tumor from some of its mimics. Additionally, inclusion of various epithelial markers in the panel will be of help if adequately used. Other antibodies against the PAT family of lipid droplet-associated proteins including PGRMC1, SQS, and ABHD5 were not as sensitive as adipophilin for identifying sebaceous differentiation and may therefore not be as useful for differential diagnosis as adipophilin.

• #30 Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Rare Extraocular Presentation of the Cheek – European Medical Journal

  https://www.emjreviews.com/dermatology/article/sebaceous-carcinoma-a-rare-extraocular-presentation-of-the-cheek/

  The diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is established via incisional or partial-thickness biopsy. […] The morphological hallmark of sebaceous differentiation is the detection of sebaceous cells and demonstration of fat in vacuolated tumour cells. […] Wide excision with clear margins is the treatment of choice for well-differentiated sebaceous carcinoma. […] Although not the mainstay treatment, limited data of Mohs micrographic surgery has been reported to have lower recurrence rates as compared to wide excision. […] It is important to be aware of sebaceous carcinomas risk for recurrence and distant metastasis: more common in the ocular type as compared to the extraocular. […] Increasing awareness of this disease can help expand the differential diagnoses in patients who present with relevant features and prompt an early diagnostic and management plan.

• #31 Sebaceous carcinoma of the lip: a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-022-03435-2

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare, aggressive, malignant tumor arising in the adnexal epithelium of the sebaceous gland. […] Sebaceous carcinoma should be distinguished from other tumors full of vacuolated clear cells. A periodic acid-Schiff stain and immunohistochemical stain for Ki-67, P53, cytokeratin, S-100, epithelial membrane antigen, and androgen receptor can be useful for the diagnosis. […] The diagnosis may be facilitated by lipophylic stains on frozen sections or immune stains for EMA and S-100. While SC results diffusely positive for both previously mentioned antibodies, BCCSD shows reactivity only in areas with evident sebaceous differentiation. […] Like other extremely rare neoplasms, the optimal treatment of SC is not fully conclusive. The therapeutic options range from wide excision to pre- and postoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

• #32 Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: Background, History of the Procedure, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1213781-overview

  Sebaceous cell carcinoma is a lethal eyelid malignancy and can masquerade as benign conditions. Error or delay in diagnosis is common, and this tumor carries a significant mortality rate with metastasis. […] This type of tumor has been confused with other tumors, both clinically and histologically. […] Either fresh tissue or formalin-fixed tissue not exposed to alcohol can be frozen, and positive fat stains, such as oil red O, can confirm the diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma. […] Perform a biopsy on all recurrent or resistant chalazia, as well as new nonresolving lesions of the eyelid. […] Sebaceous carcinoma is a fast-growing form of skin cancer that has a 5-year survival rate of 78% for localized/regional disease and 50% for metastatic disease. The incidence of this cancer has been on the rise in the United States for many years, but the factors contributing to this increase are not fully understood.

• #33 Sebaceous carcinoma of the right palate: case report and literature review – Lu – Gland Surgery

  https://gs.amegroups.org/article/view/70504/html

  In the present case, due to the rare occurrence of the tumor and no preoperative suspects, a fresh sample was not kept, causing the missed stain of Oil Red O and Sudan IV. […] Previous cases in the English-literature and the present case suggest that in addition to stains of Oil Red O and Sudan IV, positive immunohistochemical stains of Ki-67, P53, EMA, and AR and negative immunohistochemical stains of PAS and S100 can also be helpful in verifying a diagnosis of SC.

• #34 Sebaceous Carcinoma | Cancer Care and Oncology | Bon Secours

  https://www.bonsecours.com/health-care-services/cancer-care-oncology/conditions/sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is rare and is sometimes mistaken for a stye, pink eye or chalazion. […] Doctors use imaging tests, biopsy and physical exam including a skin exam and eye exam to diagnose sebaceous carcinoma. […] Your oncologist may use one or more of the following tests to diagnose this condition: […] Physical exam – your doctor will perform a complete physical exam, including asking questions about your health history, symptoms and related risk factors. Your doctor will perform a skin exam and eye exam as part of the physical exam. […] Biopsy – in this test, your doctor removes a biopsy (small tissue sample) from the suspicious area of the skin. This sample is sent to the laboratory, where a specialist closely checks the biopsy for abnormalities. […] Computerized tomography (CT) scan – your doctor may order a CT scan to help determine if the cancer has spread beyond your skin. This specialized imaging test uses a series of X-ray images to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body. […] Positron emission tomography (PET) scan – your doctor may use this type of imaging test to help determine if the cancer has spread. A PET scan uses a radioactive substance to provide information about the activity of potentially cancerous cells.

• #35 Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/eyelid-tumors/sebaceous-carcinoma-eyelid/

  It is worth repeating that “any conjunctivitis or chalazion that is not getting better after 3 months of observation should be biopsied.” If cytopathology is available at your medical center, a scrape biopsy of the conjunctiva can be initially performed in the office setting. However, the gold standard for diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is histopathologic evaluation of a fresh tissue specimen. […] Once the diagnosis is made, a metastatic survey is warranted. Sebaceous carcinoma can spread to regional lymph nodes (pre-auricular and cervical) as well as to lungs, brain, liver and bone. At The New York Eye Cancer Center, we obtain a total body PET/CT scan (from head to toes) for staging. Published series have reported that the occurrence of metastatic disease was dependent on the size and location of the primary tumor and occurred in up to 27% of patients. Local tumor invasion of the lymph nodes, orbit or metastatic sites were associated with a poor prognosis for survival.

• #36 Sebaceous Carcinomas of the Skin: 24 Cases and a Literature Review | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-2685

  In accordance with the literature, advanced imaging studies were conducted before radical lymph node dissection, when lymphadenopathy was palpable on physical examination, and when the primary lesion exhibited aggressive features, such as perineural invasion, poor differentiation, orbital invasion, or size 20 mm. MRI was done for preoperative evaluation of large and locally aggressive tumours to rule out deep tissue involvement.

• #37 Sebaceous Carcinomas of the Skin: 24 Cases and a Literature Review | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-2685

  In accordance with the literature, advanced imaging studies were conducted before radical lymph node dissection, when lymphadenopathy was palpable on physical examination, and when the primary lesion exhibited aggressive features, such as perineural invasion, poor differentiation, orbital invasion, or size 20 mm. MRI was done for preoperative evaluation of large and locally aggressive tumours to rule out deep tissue involvement.

• #38 Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma: A Persistent Challenge in Clinical and

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-a-persistent-challenge-in-clinical-and-histopathological-diagnosis-14035.html

  Multivariate analysis demonstrated the main factors that determine 5-year disease specific survival: age at diagnosis 80 years, histologic degree of differentiation, and distant metastasis. […] For these reasons, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been suggested for staging of eyelid SC. […] Delay in diagnosis also affects prognosis: 14% mortality rate when tumor excision occurs 1 to 6 months after arising vs 38% if treatment is performed after 6 months. […] Meanwhile, high clinical suspicion and early histopathological confirmation and treatment significantly decreases mortality rates up to 3%. […] As SC may exhibit different growth patterns, pagetoid invasion, and multicentric origin, map biopsies of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva are recommended to properly delineate tumor for precise staging.

• #39

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00403-023-02747-7

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a very rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. […] To avoid the potential of metastasis, early diagnosis and treatment is paramount. To assess if the cancer has spread, ophthalmology, imaging, and sentinel lymph node biopsy are recommended. […] The prognosis of SC depends on several factors, including size, location, stage, and treatment method. […] Continued dermatologic follow-ups are essential for early detection of reoccurrence, ensuring timely intervention and optimal long-term outcomes. […] This article provides a comprehensive review of SCs pathogenesis, current diagnostic methods, and treatments, including wide local excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, orbital exenteration, radiation, and other topicals. […] In conclusion, this comprehensive review aims to equip dermatologists and other physicians with a nuanced understanding of SC, enabling them to provide effective care to support patients encountering this malignancy.

• #40 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma

  The recommended first-line treatment for sebaceous carcinoma is surgery to remove it. […] Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Research links Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), a rare genetic condition, with sebaceous carcinoma.

• #41 Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Report of 2 Cases | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/es-extraocular-sebaceous-carcinoma-a-report-articulo-S1578219012003113

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive adnexal tumor of unknown etiology; 75% of these tumors arise in the periocular region while 25% arise at extraocular sites. This cutaneous tumor is a diagnostic sign of Muir-Torre syndrome, a disorder associated with visceral malignancies and gene abnormalities. Patients with sebaceous carcinoma should therefore be carefully evaluated; a detailed personal and family history of cancer, a thorough physical examination, additional tests where appropriate, and close monitoring will all be required. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may resemble an inflammatory disease or another tumor, leading to delays in diagnosis, inappropriate treatments, and increased morbidity and mortality. It is also one of the cutaneous diagnostic markers of Muir-Torre syndrome, a genetic disease associated with visceral neoplasms. Therefore, patients with sebaceous carcinoma should be carefully assessed by taking an extensive personal and family oncologic history, performing a detailed physical examination, and ordering any additional tests. Patients should then be closely followed-up.

• #42 Sebaceous Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610689/

  Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive epithelial malignancy involving the sebaceous gland. […] The definitive diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is established through incisional or partial-thickness biopsy, with scouting biopsies performed in cases of severe inflammation. […] The gold standard technique for sebaceous carcinoma treatment is complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA), which includes MMS and the Tubingen torte technique. […] Management guidelines of sebaceous carcinoma recommend germline testing for MTS or HNPCC for any extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, a Mayo MTS risk score greater than or equal to 2, or age younger than 50 years with a sebaceous carcinoma tumor that has an MMR mutation. […] The diagnosis and management of sebaceous carcinoma pose challenges due to the condition’s diverse histologic growth patterns and varied clinical presentations, often leading to its misidentification as a common benign entity.

• #43 Sebaceous Carcinoma | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/149613

  Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive epithelial malignancy involving the sebaceous gland. […] A quicker and more accurate diagnosis can improve patient outcomes. […] The diagnosis and management of sebaceous carcinoma pose challenges due to the condition’s diverse histologic growth patterns and varied clinical presentations, often leading to its misidentification as a common benign entity. The definitive diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is established through incisional or partial-thickness biopsy, with scouting biopsies performed in cases of severe inflammation. […] The gold standard technique for sebaceous carcinoma treatment is complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA), which includes MMS and the Tubingen torte technique. […] Management guidelines of sebaceous carcinoma recommend germline testing for MTS or HNPCC for any extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, a Mayo MTS risk score greater than or equal to 2, or age younger than 50 years with a sebaceous carcinoma tumor that has an MMR mutation. […] Despite MMS showing lower recurrence and metastatic rates, retrospective studies underscore the need for standardized protocols and acknowledge potential shortcomings, such as false margins and the requirement for multiple Mohs stages to achieve histological clearance.

• #44 Sebaceous Carcinomas of the Skin: 24 Cases and a Literature Review | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-2685

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a highly aggressive tumour arising from the sebaceous glands. Diagnosis of SC is therefore often delayed and confirmed only by histology. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all cases. The main histological appearance of SC in this study consisted of an unencapsulated, lobular, dermally based proliferation of sebaceous and undifferentiated cells. Because of the variety of tumour growth and clinical presentations, diagnosis of SC can be late, as was seen in some cases in this study, with almost 15% of primary SC being diagnosed after 5 years. Diagnosis relied on immunohistochemistry of 4 DNA mismatch repair proteins as a screening test and on molecular analysis in cases of strong family history of malignancy regardless of the results of immunohistochemistry.

• #45 Skin cancer types: Sebaceous carcinoma diagnosis & treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/types/common/sebaceous/treatment

  How do dermatologists diagnose sebaceous carcinoma? If your dermatologist suspects that you have sebaceous carcinoma (SC), your dermatologist needs some essential information. Be sure to tell your dermatologist if you have: Muir-Torre syndrome (or if a family member has it). A transplant organ. Received radiation treatments, especially to your head or neck. Taken a diuretic medicine (often used to treat high blood pressure and heart disease). During the office visit, your dermatologist will: Give you a thorough skin exam. Feel your lymph nodes. Your dermatologist may also perform a skin biopsy. A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. To perform a skin biopsy, your dermatologist will remove either the entire growth or part of it. What your dermatologist removes will be examined under a microscope. This magnified view allows a doctor to look for cancer cells. If SC is suspected, you also will need: A thorough physical exam. A through eye exam. Other medical tests. Diagnosing SC can take time. The diagnosis is often based on many factors, including: Your medical history. The biopsy findings. Discussions that a dermatologist has with the dermatopathologist (doctor who looks at the tumor under the microscope) and ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

• #46 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that starts in your skins oil-producing (sebaceous) glands. Its an aggressive cancer that can return after treatment. Dermatologists often perform Mohs surgery to treat this cancer. […] A dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in skin conditions) will perform a skin biopsy to remove the growth and check for cancer cells under a microscope. […] If a skin biopsy indicates you have sebaceous carcinoma, you may see a team of doctors for diagnosis and treatment. Your provider will take your history and do a physical exam to look for evidence of cancer spread to your lymph nodes or other organs. An ophthalmologist will examine your eye to see if the tumor has extended onto your eye. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.

• #47 Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/eyelid-tumors/sebaceous-carcinoma-eyelid/

  Sebaceous carcinoma arises from the glands within the eyelids, caruncle or eyebrow. They are more commonly found on the upper eyelid and in middle-aged patients. […] Sebaceous cell carcinoma is suspected due to evidence of eyelash loss and the formation of a yellow-nodule. This tumor can also present as a persistent (months) non-responsive blepharitis or conjunctivitis. In these cases, a high index of suspicion for sebaceous cell carcinoma will lead to biopsy and the diagnosis. Once sebaceous carcinoma is suspected a biopsy is warranted. Before surgery, the pathologist should be advised of this possible diagnosis so the specimen can be processed appropriately. […] Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid typically presents as a yellow-nodule in the upper lid. The patient may have history of colon, breast, genitourinary or other skin malignancies (Muir-Torre Syndrome).* When a nodular tumor, it can cause eyelash loss, but is not painful (compared to styes). This tumor can also present as a hypervascular conjunctival tumor and tends to spread along the conjunctival surface. In these cases sebaceous carcinoma looks like conjunctivitis.

• #48 Early onset sebaceous carcinoma | Diagnostic Pathology | Full Text

  https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-1596-6-81

  Ocular sebaceous carcinoma can masquerade as benign lesions resulting in delay of diagnosis. […] Early recognition is even more difficult in young patients where the disease rarely occurs. […] Early recognition of sebaceous carcinoma is often challenging, requiring close collaboration between ophthalmologist and pathologist. […] Therefore, early diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma requires appreciation of its varied clinical presentation, and recognition of entities that can mimic it histopathologically. […] This study points to the importance of recognizing that sebaceous carcinoma can occur in young patients with no evidence for hereditary cancer risk or radiation therapy. […] The role of UV light in the etiology of sebaceous carcinoma deserves further study. […] The present case emphasizes that young age should not exclude consideration of sebaceous carcinoma. […] Further studies are needed to determine if sebaceous carcinoma may arise through different sets of environmental factors.

• #49 Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma: A Persistent Challenge in Clinical and

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-a-persistent-challenge-in-clinical-and-histopathological-diagnosis-14035.html

  Multivariate analysis demonstrated the main factors that determine 5-year disease specific survival: age at diagnosis 80 years, histologic degree of differentiation, and distant metastasis. […] For these reasons, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been suggested for staging of eyelid SC. […] Delay in diagnosis also affects prognosis: 14% mortality rate when tumor excision occurs 1 to 6 months after arising vs 38% if treatment is performed after 6 months. […] Meanwhile, high clinical suspicion and early histopathological confirmation and treatment significantly decreases mortality rates up to 3%. […] As SC may exhibit different growth patterns, pagetoid invasion, and multicentric origin, map biopsies of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva are recommended to properly delineate tumor for precise staging.

• #50 Improved survival rates in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6700523

  Purpose To review the clinicopathological features, management, and survival rates for patients with sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid, and to analyse the reasons for improved survival. […] In total, 22 female and 10 male patients were identified. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 15 years, median of 4.8 years. […] Intraepithelial spread and masquerade presentations delayed the diagnosis. Poorly differentiated tumours were associated with an unfavourable outcome. […] Astute clinical suspicion and accurate histopathological diagnosis, together with radical and aggressive surgical approaches were key factors. […] A delay of longer than 6 months between onset of symptoms and establishing the correct diagnosis has been noted to have a significantly adverse effect on patient mortality.

• #51 Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma: A Persistent Challenge in Clinical and

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-a-persistent-challenge-in-clinical-and-histopathological-diagnosis-14035.html

  Sebaceous cell carcinoma continues to defy clinicians and pathologists in terms of early diagnosis. […] Despite advances in immunohistochemical analysis and treatment options during the last decades, morbidity and metastasis rates remain high. […] Prognosis is strongly related to the length of time between diagnosis and initiation of treatment, which reinforces the importance of early recognition of this condition. […] Misdiagnosis continues to be an important issue concerning SC, with rates ranging between 18.6% and 37.5%. […] Late diagnostic confirmation retards initiation of appropriate treatment, and significantly increases mortality rates. […] The age of diagnosis, degree of differentiation, type of infiltration, presence of pagetoid spread, angiolymphatic invasion, simultaneous involvement of upper and lower eyelid, multicentric presentation, and tumor size influence the prognosis in SC.

• #52 Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma: A Persistent Challenge in Clinical and

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/sebaceous-cell-carcinoma-a-persistent-challenge-in-clinical-and-histopathological-diagnosis-14035.html

  Multivariate analysis demonstrated the main factors that determine 5-year disease specific survival: age at diagnosis 80 years, histologic degree of differentiation, and distant metastasis. […] For these reasons, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been suggested for staging of eyelid SC. […] Delay in diagnosis also affects prognosis: 14% mortality rate when tumor excision occurs 1 to 6 months after arising vs 38% if treatment is performed after 6 months. […] Meanwhile, high clinical suspicion and early histopathological confirmation and treatment significantly decreases mortality rates up to 3%. […] As SC may exhibit different growth patterns, pagetoid invasion, and multicentric origin, map biopsies of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva are recommended to properly delineate tumor for precise staging.

• #53 Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid » New York Eye Cancer Center

  https://eyecancer.com/eye-cancer/conditions/eyelid-tumors/sebaceous-carcinoma-eyelid/

  Sebaceous carcinoma arises from the glands within the eyelids, caruncle or eyebrow. They are more commonly found on the upper eyelid and in middle-aged patients. […] Sebaceous cell carcinoma is suspected due to evidence of eyelash loss and the formation of a yellow-nodule. This tumor can also present as a persistent (months) non-responsive blepharitis or conjunctivitis. In these cases, a high index of suspicion for sebaceous cell carcinoma will lead to biopsy and the diagnosis. Once sebaceous carcinoma is suspected a biopsy is warranted. Before surgery, the pathologist should be advised of this possible diagnosis so the specimen can be processed appropriately. […] Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid typically presents as a yellow-nodule in the upper lid. The patient may have history of colon, breast, genitourinary or other skin malignancies (Muir-Torre Syndrome).* When a nodular tumor, it can cause eyelash loss, but is not painful (compared to styes). This tumor can also present as a hypervascular conjunctival tumor and tends to spread along the conjunctival surface. In these cases sebaceous carcinoma looks like conjunctivitis.

• #54 EyeRounds.org: Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma: A Masquerade Syndrome

  http://eyerounds.org/cases/62-Sebaceous-Cell-Carcinoma-Eyelid-Masquerade-Syndrome.htm

  The masquerading feature of sebaceous carcinoma makes it a difficult diagnosis. The frequency of wrong clinical impressions has remained unchanged for the last few decades. So it is extremely important to maintain a high clinical suspicion. […] As with any other lesions, initial management for sebaceous cell carcinoma includes a comprehensive history and physical exam. […] The management of choice for the lesion itself is surgical excision with wide margins, even wider than that which is usually taken for a nodular basal cell carcinoma. […] Since the presentation of sebaceous cell carcinoma is so varied, the differential diagnosis is broad including many distinct disease processes. […] The frequency of wrong clinical impressions has remained unchanged for the last few decades. So it is extremely important to maintain a high clinical suspicion.

• #55 SciELO Brazil – Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid – different diagnostic times, different outcomes: case reports Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid – different diagnostic times, different outcomes: case reports

  https://www.scielo.br/j/abo/a/gNFy9HxZ49x8S89kmgCRcmg/

  Nodular SC is easier to be perceived both by patients and by physicians compared with the spreading SC. […] Thus, it has been suggested that any clinically malignant lesion of the upper lid should be considered SC until proven otherwise. […] Upper eyelids SC tend to metastasize to preauricular and parotid nodes, which represent the most common sites of metastasis. […] Thus, patient should be referred to an oncologist for properly systemic evaluation and follow-up, even after a successful free margin surgery. […] The diagnosis of SC can often be difficult both clinically and histopathologically. […] Even with this suggested melanoma guideline follow-up, some rhetoric questions like „What is the basis for recommending ultrasound rather than CT scans, since ultrasound may miss metastatic disease?” show us the necessity of developing surveillance guidelines for SC of the eyelid and other skin areas.

• #56 Improved survival rates in sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid | Eye

  https://www.nature.com/articles/6700523

  It is important for the primary surgical intervention to clear the tissue of tumour, and we report a good outcome with surgical margins of 4 mm. […] This study highlights the importance of astute clinical suspicion, early diagnosis, accurate histopathological diagnosis, aggressive primary and secondary surgical techniques, and long follow-up. […] In the west of Scotland, patients with sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid have encountered a much better prognosis than that previously reported in the literature.

• #57 Sebaceous carcinoma: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/sebaceous-carcinoma

  A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. […] Most patients diagnosed with SC are treated with surgery. […] During Mohs surgery, the Mohs surgeon cuts out the tumor plus a very small amount of healthy looking tissue surrounding the tumor. […] When found early and treated, the prognosis is good. […] It is important to keep in mind that SC is an aggressive cancer. This cancer can return after treatment. […] Follow-up visits can help find this skin cancer in its earliest stage. The sooner the cancer is found and treated the better the outcome.

• #58 Sebaceous Carcinoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610689/

  Sebaceous carcinoma is an uncommon and aggressive epithelial malignancy involving the sebaceous gland. […] The definitive diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma is established through incisional or partial-thickness biopsy, with scouting biopsies performed in cases of severe inflammation. […] The gold standard technique for sebaceous carcinoma treatment is complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA), which includes MMS and the Tubingen torte technique. […] Management guidelines of sebaceous carcinoma recommend germline testing for MTS or HNPCC for any extraocular sebaceous carcinoma, a Mayo MTS risk score greater than or equal to 2, or age younger than 50 years with a sebaceous carcinoma tumor that has an MMR mutation. […] The diagnosis and management of sebaceous carcinoma pose challenges due to the condition’s diverse histologic growth patterns and varied clinical presentations, often leading to its misidentification as a common benign entity.

• #59

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00403-023-02747-7

  Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a very rare and aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. […] To avoid the potential of metastasis, early diagnosis and treatment is paramount. To assess if the cancer has spread, ophthalmology, imaging, and sentinel lymph node biopsy are recommended. […] The prognosis of SC depends on several factors, including size, location, stage, and treatment method. […] Continued dermatologic follow-ups are essential for early detection of reoccurrence, ensuring timely intervention and optimal long-term outcomes. […] This article provides a comprehensive review of SCs pathogenesis, current diagnostic methods, and treatments, including wide local excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, orbital exenteration, radiation, and other topicals. […] In conclusion, this comprehensive review aims to equip dermatologists and other physicians with a nuanced understanding of SC, enabling them to provide effective care to support patients encountering this malignancy.

• #60 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma

  Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that starts in your skins oil-producing (sebaceous) glands. Its an aggressive cancer that can return after treatment. Dermatologists often perform Mohs surgery to treat this cancer. […] A dermatologist (a doctor who specializes in skin conditions) will perform a skin biopsy to remove the growth and check for cancer cells under a microscope. […] If a skin biopsy indicates you have sebaceous carcinoma, you may see a team of doctors for diagnosis and treatment. Your provider will take your history and do a physical exam to look for evidence of cancer spread to your lymph nodes or other organs. An ophthalmologist will examine your eye to see if the tumor has extended onto your eye. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.

• #61 Updates on the Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Sebaceous Carcinoma: a Brief Review of the Literature – Oncology Nurse Advisor

  https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/home/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/updates-on-the-clinical-diagnosis-and-management-of-ocular-sebaceous-carcinoma-a-brief-review-of-the-literature/

  Disease specifics, demographics, clinical presentation, and pathology, plus diagnosis and management of ocular SC are highlighted and discussed, including recent advances in management of this aggressive malignancy. […] Ophthalmologists should be more aware of SC in order to offer correct diagnosis and treatment at the onset of symptoms. […] Prompt surgical excision with frozen section margin control is the mainstay of SC management after patient evaluation and accurate biopsy. […] Mohs micrographic surgery has been associated with better tumor control outcomes than wide local excision. […] This review summarizes the demographics, etiology, clinical presentation, and pathology of ocular SC with a special emphasis on the diagnosis and management. […] Early diagnosis and prompt surgery may improve treatment outcomes. […] The rarity of ocular SC precludes a comprehensive perspective on standard treatment.

• #62 Sebaceous carcinoma: Foothill Dermatology Medical Center: Dermatology

  https://www.foothillderm.com/blog/sebaceous-carcinoma

  A skin biopsy is the only way to diagnose skin cancer. Your dermatologist can safely do this during an office visit. […] Most patients diagnosed with SC are treated with surgery. […] During Mohs surgery, the Mohs surgeon cuts out the tumor plus a very small amount of healthy looking tissue surrounding the tumor. […] When found early and treated, the prognosis is good. […] It is important to keep in mind that SC is an aggressive cancer. This cancer can return after treatment. […] Follow-up visits can help find this skin cancer in its earliest stage. The sooner the cancer is found and treated the better the outcome.

Zobacz więcej