Rak gruczołów łojowych
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Rak gruczołu łojowego (sebaceous carcinoma, SC) to agresywny nowotwór skóry o wysokim potencjale przerzutowym i nawrotowym, szczególnie w przypadku guzów okołoocznych. Aktualne dane epidemiologiczne wskazują, że 5-letni ogólny wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi około 78,20%, a 10-letni 61,72%, natomiast względne wskaźniki przeżycia są wyższe i wynoszą odpowiednio 92,72% oraz 86,98%. Rokowanie jest korzystniejsze przy wczesnym rozpoznaniu i leczeniu, zwłaszcza w ciągu pierwszych 6 miesięcy od pojawienia się objawów. Czynniki prognostyczne negatywnie wpływające na przeżycie obejmują słabe zróżnicowanie guza, wysoką ekspresję markerów proliferacji (Ki-67), receptorów androgenowych, ALDH1, PD-1, obecność rozlanego wzoru wzrostu, inwazję oczodołu oraz naciekanie okołonerwowe. Przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych występują u około 12,5% pacjentów w medianie 48 miesięcy obserwacji, z 5-letnim wskaźnikiem przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych na poziomie 15,4%. Wskaźniki przerzutów wykazują zróżnicowanie geograficzne, wahając się od 5,9% w Japonii do 22% na Tajwanie.

  1. Rokowanie w raku gruczołu łojowego
    1. Wskaźniki przeżycia
    2. Czynniki prognostyczne
    3. Przerzuty i nawroty
    4. Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy i leczenia
    5. Narzędzia prognostyczne
    6. Poprawa rokowania w czasie
    7. Kolejne rozdziały

Rokowanie w raku gruczołu łojowego

Rak gruczołu łojowego (sebaceous carcinoma, SC) jest agresywnym nowotworem skóry, który charakteryzuje się szybkim rozprzestrzenianiem się.1 Pomimo swojej agresywności, rokowanie w przypadku tego nowotworu znacznie się poprawiło w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad, zwłaszcza u pacjentów, którzy otrzymują wczesne rozpoznanie i odpowiednie leczenie.23

Wskaźniki przeżycia

Aktualne dane wskazują, że przy odpowiednim leczeniu ponad 90% pacjentów przeżywa tę chorobę, przy czym rokowanie jest lepsze dla osób, które otrzymały leczenie w ciągu pierwszych sześciu miesięcy od wystąpienia objawów.4 Badania prowadzone wśród chińskiej populacji pacjentów wykazały, że 5-letnie i 10-letnie wskaźniki przeżycia związanego z nowotworem wynoszą odpowiednio 88,1% i 77,9%.5

Ogólne obserwowane wskaźniki przeżycia w przypadku raka gruczołu łojowego wynoszą:6

  • 78,20% po 5 latach
  • 61,72% po 10 latach

Natomiast względne wskaźniki przeżycia (uwzględniające oczekiwaną śmiertelność z innych przyczyn) są wyższe:7

  • 92,72% po 5 latach
  • 86,98% po 10 latach

W przypadku zlokalizowanego raka gruczołu łojowego 5-letni względny wskaźnik przeżycia wynosi 78%.8 Jednak w przypadku choroby rozprzestrzenionej wskaźnik ten spada do około 50%.910

Czynniki prognostyczne

Rokowanie w raku gruczołu łojowego zależy od wielu czynników. Lepsze wskaźniki przeżycia obserwuje się w przypadku:11

  • Guzów ocznych w porównaniu do guzów pozaocznych
  • Choroby zlokalizowanej w porównaniu do choroby regionalnej

Czynniki związane z niekorzystnym rokowaniem obejmują:1213

Przerzuty i nawroty

Z powodu trudności w szybkim rozpoznaniu raka gruczołu łojowego, wskaźnik przerzutów i nawrotów jest stosunkowo wysoki.14 W momencie diagnozy około 25% guzów wykazuje już przerzuty.15 Wskaźnik przerzutów wynosi około 4,4% dla guzów okołoocznych i 1,4% dla guzów pozaocznych.16

Badania wskazują, że u nawet 1 na 4 pacjentów (25%) nowotwór powraca lub daje przerzuty po leczeniu.17 Wskaźniki nawrotów są wyższe w przypadku guzów okołoocznych (4-37%) w porównaniu do guzów pozaocznych (4-29%).18

Szczegółowe badania nad przerzutami do węzłów chłonnych u pacjentów z rakiem gruczołu łojowego powieki wykazały, że:19

  • 12,5% pacjentów rozwija przerzuty do węzłów chłonnych w ciągu mediany okresu obserwacji wynoszącej 48 miesięcy
  • Mediana czasu między początkowym leczeniem a pierwszym przerzutem do węzłów chłonnych wynosi 18,5 miesiąca (zakres 6,0-80,0 miesięcy)
  • 1-roczny, 3-letni i 5-letni wskaźnik przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych wynosi odpowiednio 5,5%, 12,5% i 15,4%

Wskaźniki przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych różnią się geograficznie:20

  • Chiny kontynentalne: 13,1%
  • Hong Kong: 13,6%
  • Japonia: 5,9%
  • USA (badanie Shields i wsp.): 8,0%
  • USA (badanie Sa i wsp.): 21,0%
  • Tajwan: 22,0%

Rak gruczołu łojowego okołoocznego często powoduje przerzuty regionalne, co skutkuje wskaźnikiem śmiertelności wynoszącym około 22%.21 Przerzuty mogą wystąpić prawie wszędzie, w tym w węzłach chłonnych, kościach, wątrobie lub płucach.22

Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy i leczenia

Szybka diagnoza i plan leczenia mogą znacząco wpłynąć na rokowanie pacjenta z rakiem gruczołu łojowego.23 Nowotwór ten może być śmiertelny, jeśli się rozprzestrzeni, a wyniki są gorsze, gdy występuje opóźnienie w diagnozie i leczeniu.2425

Ze względu na agresywny charakter tego nowotworu i wysokie ryzyko nawrotu, ważne jest, aby pacjenci otrzymywali odpowiednią opiekę po zakończeniu leczenia. Lekarze zalecają ścisłe monitorowanie przez co najmniej 3 lata po leczeniu, z częstymi kontrolami w celu wykrycia ewentualnych oznak nawrotu choroby.2627

Narzędzia prognostyczne

W ostatnich latach opracowano nomogramy prognostyczne, które zapewniają bardziej dokładne indywidualne oszacowanie przeżycia dla pacjentów z rakiem gruczołu łojowego powieki. Narzędzia te mogą pomóc klinicystom w podejmowaniu decyzji terapeutycznych i ułatwić hierarchiczne postępowanie pooperacyjne.2829

Opracowano również nomogram do przewidywania rozwoju przerzutów do węzłów chłonnych w raku gruczołu łojowego powieki. Ten model prognostyczny zawiera czynniki kliniczno-patologiczne wykraczające poza kategorię T systemu stopniowania TNM i wykazuje duży potencjał w zastosowaniu klinicznym.3031

Poprawa rokowania w czasie

Z biegiem czasu zaobserwowano znaczącą poprawę rokowania u pacjentów z rakiem gruczołu łojowego. Ta pozytywna zmiana może wynikać z wcześniejszego rozpoznania i ulepszonych metod leczenia.32 Przykładowo, rokowanie u chińskich pacjentów z rakiem gruczołu łojowego powieki uległo poprawie w ciągu ostatnich 3 dekad i obecnie jest porównywalne z rokowaniem pacjentów z innych krajów.33

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #2 Contemporary update of overall prognosis and nomogram to predict individualized survival for Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30236450/
    The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has not been updated for 3 decades. […] After a median follow-up period of 55.5 months, 27 (11.3%) patients died of metastatic SC, with a median survival time of 48.0 months. The 5-year and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 88.1% and 77.9%, respectively. […] The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid SC has improved over the last 3 decades, and it is comparable to that of patients from other countries. This nomogram provides more accurate individualized estimates of survival for eyelid SC patients and may guide clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.
  • #3 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Other features associated with prognosis include tumor differentiation, androgen-receptor staining index, ALDH1 expression, Ki-67 positivity, and PD-1 expression. Poorly or undifferentiated tumors are more likely to have nodal involvement and are associated with higher mortality. […] Over time there has been a notable improvement in prognosis in those with SGc, which may be due to earlier recognition and improved treatment modalities.
  • #4 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #5 Contemporary update of overall prognosis and nomogram to predict individualized survival for Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30236450/
    The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has not been updated for 3 decades. […] After a median follow-up period of 55.5 months, 27 (11.3%) patients died of metastatic SC, with a median survival time of 48.0 months. The 5-year and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 88.1% and 77.9%, respectively. […] The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid SC has improved over the last 3 decades, and it is comparable to that of patients from other countries. This nomogram provides more accurate individualized estimates of survival for eyelid SC patients and may guide clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.
  • #6 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #7 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #8 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for people with localized sebaceous carcinoma is 78%. That drops to about 50% if the disease has spread. […] Since this type of cancer is aggressive and often returns, your doctor will want to monitor you closely after undergoing treatment and require frequent checks for at least 3 years. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can spread almost anywhere, including your lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
  • #9 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for people with localized sebaceous carcinoma is 78%. That drops to about 50% if the disease has spread. […] Since this type of cancer is aggressive and often returns, your doctor will want to monitor you closely after undergoing treatment and require frequent checks for at least 3 years. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can spread almost anywhere, including your lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
  • #10 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #11 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #12 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Other features associated with prognosis include tumor differentiation, androgen-receptor staining index, ALDH1 expression, Ki-67 positivity, and PD-1 expression. Poorly or undifferentiated tumors are more likely to have nodal involvement and are associated with higher mortality. […] Over time there has been a notable improvement in prognosis in those with SGc, which may be due to earlier recognition and improved treatment modalities.
  • #13 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    Metastasis dominates the prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). […] Forty patients (12.5%) developed nodal metastasis during a median follow-up of 48.0 months, and the median period between the initial treatment and first nodal metastasis was 18.5 months (range 6.0-80.0 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year nodal metastasis rates were 5.5%, 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. […] We identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed a nomogram to provide individualised estimates of nodal metastasis for eyelid SC patients and guide postoperative management. This nomogram contained clinicopathological factors besides the T category of the TNM staging system and suggesting great clinical value. […] The nodal metastasis rate in the study was 12.5%, which was in accordance with those from the previous multicentre cohort study in mainland China (13.1%) and the study by Lam et al reported in Hong Kong (13.6%), higher than those reported by Takahashi et al in Japan (5.9%) and Shields et al in America (8.0%) but lower than those reported by Sa et al in America (21.0%) and Hsia et al in Taiwan (22.0%).
  • #14 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #15 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #16 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #17 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #18 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #19 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    Metastasis dominates the prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). […] Forty patients (12.5%) developed nodal metastasis during a median follow-up of 48.0 months, and the median period between the initial treatment and first nodal metastasis was 18.5 months (range 6.0-80.0 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year nodal metastasis rates were 5.5%, 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. […] We identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed a nomogram to provide individualised estimates of nodal metastasis for eyelid SC patients and guide postoperative management. This nomogram contained clinicopathological factors besides the T category of the TNM staging system and suggesting great clinical value. […] The nodal metastasis rate in the study was 12.5%, which was in accordance with those from the previous multicentre cohort study in mainland China (13.1%) and the study by Lam et al reported in Hong Kong (13.6%), higher than those reported by Takahashi et al in Japan (5.9%) and Shields et al in America (8.0%) but lower than those reported by Sa et al in America (21.0%) and Hsia et al in Taiwan (22.0%).
  • #20 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    Metastasis dominates the prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). […] Forty patients (12.5%) developed nodal metastasis during a median follow-up of 48.0 months, and the median period between the initial treatment and first nodal metastasis was 18.5 months (range 6.0-80.0 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year nodal metastasis rates were 5.5%, 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. […] We identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed a nomogram to provide individualised estimates of nodal metastasis for eyelid SC patients and guide postoperative management. This nomogram contained clinicopathological factors besides the T category of the TNM staging system and suggesting great clinical value. […] The nodal metastasis rate in the study was 12.5%, which was in accordance with those from the previous multicentre cohort study in mainland China (13.1%) and the study by Lam et al reported in Hong Kong (13.6%), higher than those reported by Takahashi et al in Japan (5.9%) and Shields et al in America (8.0%) but lower than those reported by Sa et al in America (21.0%) and Hsia et al in Taiwan (22.0%).
  • #21 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Greater survival rates have been observed for ocular versus extraocular tumors and localized versus regional disease. The observed survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 78.20 and 61.72%, respectively, while the relative survival rates at 5 and 10 years are 92.72 and 86.98%, respectively. […] Due to difficulty in promptly diagnosing SGc, the rate of metastasis and recurrence is relatively high. The rate of metastasis is approximately 4.4% for periocular SGc and 1.4% for extraocular SGc. Periocular SGc frequently causes regional metastases resulting in a mortality rate of approximately 22%. […] At the time of diagnosis nearly 25% of tumors will metastasize. In those with metastatic disease, survival decreases to approximately 50% at 5 years. […] Recurrence rates are higher in periocular vs extraocular tumors (4-37% and 4-29%, respectively).
  • #22 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for people with localized sebaceous carcinoma is 78%. That drops to about 50% if the disease has spread. […] Since this type of cancer is aggressive and often returns, your doctor will want to monitor you closely after undergoing treatment and require frequent checks for at least 3 years. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can spread almost anywhere, including your lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
  • #23 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #24 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #25 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for people with localized sebaceous carcinoma is 78%. That drops to about 50% if the disease has spread. […] Since this type of cancer is aggressive and often returns, your doctor will want to monitor you closely after undergoing treatment and require frequent checks for at least 3 years. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can spread almost anywhere, including your lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
  • #26 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24087-sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive skin cancer, which means it spreads quickly. […] With treatment, more than 90% of those affected survive the disease. The outlook is better for those who receive treatment within six months. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can be fatal if it spreads. Outcomes are worse when there’s a delay in diagnosis and treatment. […] Sebaceous carcinoma may be aggressive. For as many as 1 in 4 people, the cancer comes back (recurs) or spreads (metastasizes) after treatment. […] It’s important to receive follow-up care so your healthcare providers can watch for signs of the cancer’s return and treat it right away. […] A prompt diagnosis and treatment plan can significantly affect your prognosis.
  • #27 Sebaceous Carcinoma: Symptoms, Photos, Staging, Treatment
    https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-cancer/sebaceous-carcinoma
    Sebaceous carcinoma is more aggressive than other, more common nonmelanoma skin cancers. Still, with early diagnosis and treatment, people with sebaceous carcinoma can improve their chances of a favorable outcome. […] The 5-year relative survival rate for people with localized sebaceous carcinoma is 78%. That drops to about 50% if the disease has spread. […] Since this type of cancer is aggressive and often returns, your doctor will want to monitor you closely after undergoing treatment and require frequent checks for at least 3 years. […] Sebaceous carcinoma tends to be aggressive and has a high chance of spreading. The American Academy of Dermatology Association (AAD) cautions that it can be fatal if it spreads. The sooner doctors confirm a diagnosis and treat it, the better. […] Sebaceous carcinoma can spread almost anywhere, including your lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.
  • #28 Contemporary update of overall prognosis and nomogram to predict individualized survival for Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30236450/
    The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has not been updated for 3 decades. […] After a median follow-up period of 55.5 months, 27 (11.3%) patients died of metastatic SC, with a median survival time of 48.0 months. The 5-year and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 88.1% and 77.9%, respectively. […] The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid SC has improved over the last 3 decades, and it is comparable to that of patients from other countries. This nomogram provides more accurate individualized estimates of survival for eyelid SC patients and may guide clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.
  • #29 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    A robust nomogram was established in our study to predict the development of nodal metastasis of eyelid SC and therefore contributes to the postoperative hierarchical management and selection of candidates for trials designed to evaluate preventive interventions. […] In conclusion, we identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed and validated a novel predictive nomogram using various methods to offer accurate individualised estimates for the nodal metastasis of eyelid SC. The proposed nomogram comprised clinicopathological factors besides the T category of TNM staging system and expressed great potential in clinical application.
  • #30 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    Metastasis dominates the prognosis of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC). […] Forty patients (12.5%) developed nodal metastasis during a median follow-up of 48.0 months, and the median period between the initial treatment and first nodal metastasis was 18.5 months (range 6.0-80.0 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year nodal metastasis rates were 5.5%, 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. […] We identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed a nomogram to provide individualised estimates of nodal metastasis for eyelid SC patients and guide postoperative management. This nomogram contained clinicopathological factors besides the T category of the TNM staging system and suggesting great clinical value. […] The nodal metastasis rate in the study was 12.5%, which was in accordance with those from the previous multicentre cohort study in mainland China (13.1%) and the study by Lam et al reported in Hong Kong (13.6%), higher than those reported by Takahashi et al in Japan (5.9%) and Shields et al in America (8.0%) but lower than those reported by Sa et al in America (21.0%) and Hsia et al in Taiwan (22.0%).
  • #31 Diffuse pattern, orbital invasion, perineural invasion and Ki-67 are associated with nodal metastasis in patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma | British Journal of Ophthalmology
    https://bjo.bmj.com/content/107/6/756
    A robust nomogram was established in our study to predict the development of nodal metastasis of eyelid SC and therefore contributes to the postoperative hierarchical management and selection of candidates for trials designed to evaluate preventive interventions. […] In conclusion, we identified risk factors for nodal metastasis and developed and validated a novel predictive nomogram using various methods to offer accurate individualised estimates for the nodal metastasis of eyelid SC. The proposed nomogram comprised clinicopathological factors besides the T category of TNM staging system and expressed great potential in clinical application.
  • #32 Sebaceous carcinoma – Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma
    Other features associated with prognosis include tumor differentiation, androgen-receptor staining index, ALDH1 expression, Ki-67 positivity, and PD-1 expression. Poorly or undifferentiated tumors are more likely to have nodal involvement and are associated with higher mortality. […] Over time there has been a notable improvement in prognosis in those with SGc, which may be due to earlier recognition and improved treatment modalities.
  • #33 Contemporary update of overall prognosis and nomogram to predict individualized survival for Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30236450/
    The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has not been updated for 3 decades. […] After a median follow-up period of 55.5 months, 27 (11.3%) patients died of metastatic SC, with a median survival time of 48.0 months. The 5-year and 10-year tumor-related survival rates were 88.1% and 77.9%, respectively. […] The prognosis of Chinese patients with eyelid SC has improved over the last 3 decades, and it is comparable to that of patients from other countries. This nomogram provides more accurate individualized estimates of survival for eyelid SC patients and may guide clinicians in their therapeutic decisions.

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proliferacja komórkowa naciekanie okołonerwowe względny wskaźnik przeżycia czynnik prognostyczny receptor androgenowy wskaźnik nawrotu Ki-67 wskaźnik przerzutów zróżnicowanie guza wczesne rozpoznanie przerzut do węzłów chłonnych inwazja oczodołu wskaźnik przeżycia rak powieki rak gruczołu łojowego nowotwór skóry rozprzestrzenianie nowotworu nomogram prognostyczny zajęcie węzłów chłonnych