Podejrzane guzy piersi
Etiologia i przyczyny

Podejrzane guzki piersi stanowią zmiany tkankowe o zróżnicowanej etiologii, z których 80-90% ma charakter łagodny, obejmując zmiany włóknisto-torbielowate, torbiele, gruczolakowłókniaki oraz inne stany takie jak martwica tłuszczowa czy brodawczaki wewnątrzprzewodowe. Czynniki hormonalne, zwłaszcza wahania poziomów estrogenów i progesteronu, odgrywają kluczową rolę w patogenezie tych zmian, co jest szczególnie widoczne w okresach przedmiesiączkowych, ciąży i menopauzy. Ryzyko wystąpienia guzków oraz ich charakterystyka zmieniają się wraz z wiekiem: gruczolakowłókniaki dominują u kobiet poniżej 35 lat, torbiele są najczęstsze w wieku 30-60 lat, natomiast ryzyko złośliwości wzrasta znacząco po 55. roku życia, gdzie odsetek guzów złośliwych sięga 85%. W diagnostyce różnicowej istotne są cechy kliniczne guzków nowotworowych, takie jak twardość, nieregularne brzegi, nieruchomość oraz zmiany skórne, a także obecność powiększonych węzłów chłonnych.

Podejrzane guzy piersi – Etiologia, przyczynowość, przyczyny

Podejrzane guzy piersi to zmiany tkankowe, które tworzą się w piersi. Większość guzków piersi nie jest złośliwa ani nowotworowa, jednak kluczowe jest, aby każdy wykryty guzek został szybko zbadany przez specjalistę, gdyż niektóre z nich mogą wskazywać na poważniejsze schorzenia, w tym raka piersi12.

Przyczyny łagodnych guzków piersi

Łagodne guzki piersi mają różnorodną etiologię, a ich występowanie jest stosunkowo częste. Szacuje się, że 80-90% wszystkich guzków piersi ma charakter łagodny12. Do najczęstszych przyczyn łagodnych guzków piersi należą:

Zmiany hormonalne

Czynniki hormonalne odgrywają istotną rolę w powstawaniu wielu łagodnych zmian w piersiach. Wahania poziomu estrogenów i progesteronu mogą wpływać na rozwój guzków12. Nadmierna produkcja estrogenu i zahamowanie progesteronu może prowadzić do hiperproliferacji tkanki łącznej, powodując zwiększoną grubość nabłonka1. Szczególnie widoczne są te zmiany w okresach przedmiesiączkowych, ciąży i menopauzy1.

Zmiany włóknisto-torbielowate

Zmiany włóknisto-torbielowate (fibrocystic changes) powodują uczucie ogólnej pełności w piersiach z obszarami grudkowatości. Niektóre obszary mogą być grudkowate lub mieć strukturę sznurkowatą. Piersi mogą być bolesne. Te zmiany często związane są z cyklem miesiączkowym, a objawy zazwyczaj ustępują po miesiączce12. Wiele badań wskazuje na wysoką częstość występowania choroby włóknisto-torbielowatej piersi u kobiet, pokazując, że ponad 70% wszystkich kobiet rozwija zmiany włóknisto-torbielowate w ciągu swojego życia, z czego 20% tych kobiet ma objawy, a 10%-30% rozwija gruczolakozoję (sclerosing adenosis)1.

Torbiele piersi

Torbiele piersi to wypełnione płynem worki wewnątrz piersi, które są okrągłe, gładkie i twarde. Torbiel piersi może mieć różne rozmiary, od kilku milimetrów do wielkości pomarańczy. Tkanka wokół niej może być tkliwa. Torbiele piersi mogą pojawić się przed miesiączką i zmniejszyć się, powiększyć lub zniknąć po niej1. Torbiele często powstają, gdy płyn zostaje uwięziony w przewodach mlecznych1. Są one szczególnie powszechne u kobiet przed menopauzą1.

Przyczyna powstawania torbieli piersi nie jest dokładnie znana, jednak większość torbieli piersi jest związana z aberracją normalnego rozwoju i inwolucji (ANDI). Mogą być również związane z poziomem hormonów, zwłaszcza z wahaniami estrogenu12.

Gruczolakowłókniaki

Gruczolakowłókniaki (fibroadenomas) to lite, niezłośliwe guzy piersi, które są gładkie i łatwo przesuwają się pod skórą podczas badania dotykiem. Mogą z czasem zmniejszać się lub powiększać. Czynniki, które mogą być powiązane ze wzrostem gruczolakowłókniaka, obejmują ciążę, stosowanie terapii hormonalnej, takiej jak pigułki antykoncepcyjne, lub miesiączkowanie12.

Dokładna przyczyna gruczolakowłókniaków nie jest znana, ale niektórzy badacze uważają, że ma to związek z wrażliwością na estrogen. Gruczolakowłókniaki mają tendencję do rozrastania się w czasie ciąży lub terapii hormonalnej (gdy poziom estrogenu jest wyższy), podczas gdy są bardziej skłonne do kurczenia się po menopauzie (gdy poziom estrogenu jest niższy)1. Predyspozycje rodzinne również mogą odgrywać rolę – jeśli u bliskich krewnych występują gruczolakowłókniaki lub inne łagodne zaburzenia piersi, ryzyko rozwoju tych schorzeń jest zwiększone1.

Inne łagodne przyczyny

Inne częste przyczyny łagodnych guzków piersi obejmują:

  • Urazy lub stan po operacji – poważne urazy tkanki piersi lub powikłania po operacji piersi mogą tworzyć guzek piersi. Nazywa się to martwicą tłuszczową (fat necrosis)12.
  • Infekcje – nagromadzenie zakażonego płynu, zwane ropniem, w tkance piersi również może powodować guzek piersi. Guzek często jest związany z bólem piersi, zaczerwienieniem w tym obszarze i obrzękiem skóry12.
  • Brodawczak wewnątrzprzewodowy (intraductal papilloma) – to przypominający tag skórny narośl w przewodzie mlecznym. Może powodować wyciek przezroczystego lub krwistego płynu z brodawki sutkowej. Zazwyczaj nie jest bolesny1.
  • Tłuszczak (lipoma) – ten rodzaj guzka może być miękki. Obejmuje tłuszczową tkankę piersi. Często jest nieszkodliwy1.
  • Hamartoma – łagodny guz przypominający nowotwór1.
  • Mastopatie z naciekiem limfocytarnym – mogą powodować guzki piersi, szczególnie u osób z cukrzycą typu 11.

Czynniki ryzyka dla łagodnych guzków piersi

Czynniki ryzyka guzków piersi spowodowanych stanami, które nie są nowotworowe, obejmują12:

  • Wiek – niektóre schorzenia powodujące guzki piersi są bardziej powszechne w wieku 30-40 lat. Należą do nich zmiany włóknisto-torbielowate i gruczolakowłókniaki1.
  • Miesiączka – przed lub w trakcie miesiączki możesz wyczuć guzek piersi z powodu dodatkowego płynu w piersiach1.
  • Ciąża – twoje piersi mogą być grudkowate podczas ciąży, ponieważ gruczoły wytwarzające mleko zwiększają się liczebnie i powiększają1.
  • Okres przedmenopauzalny – gdy zbliżasz się do menopauzy, zmiany hormonalne mogą powodować, że piersi są bardziej grudkowate i tkliwe1.
  • Stosowanie hormonalnej terapii zastępczej – zwiększa to ryzyko wystąpienia zmian nabłonkowych z atypią, zmian włóknisto-torbielowatych, torbieli piersi i gruczolakowłókniaków u kobiet po menopauzie1.
  • Historia rodzinna – historia raka piersi w rodzinie znacznie zwiększa ryzyko wszystkich rodzajów łagodnych schorzeń piersi1.

Rak piersi jako przyczyna guzków

Rak piersi może objawiać się jako guzek w piersi i jest to jeden z najczęstszych objawów tego nowotworu. Charakterystyczne cechy guzka nowotworowego to123:

  • Bezbolesność – często guzek nowotworowy nie boli, choć może być również bolesny1.
  • Twardość – guzek jest twardy w dotyku1.
  • Nieregularne brzegi – w przeciwieństwie do gładkich brzegów łagodnych guzków1.
  • Nieruchomość – guzek jest trudny do przesunięcia lub przyczepiony do otaczających tkanek1.
  • Różnica w porównaniu do otaczającej tkanki piersi1.

Dodatkowo mogą wystąpić zmiany w wyglądzie skóry pokrywającej guzek, jak zgrubienie, zmiana koloru czy zaczerwienienie. Mogą również pojawić się zmiany skórne, takie jak wgłębienia lub zagłębienia, które wyglądają jak skórka pomarańczy. Rozmiar i kształt piersi mogą się zmieniać. Możesz zauważyć wyciek płynu z brodawki sutkowej lub brodawka może być wciągnięta. Węzły chłonne pod pachami lub w pobliżu obojczyka mogą być obrzęknięte1.

Czynniki ryzyka raka piersi

Niektóre czynniki ryzyka raka piersi można kontrolować. Należą do nich12:

  • Alkohol – im więcej alkoholu pijesz, tym wyższe jest ryzyko raka piersi1.
  • Nadwaga lub otyłość – ryzyko raka piersi wzrasta, jeśli masz nadwagę lub otyłość po menopauzie1.
  • Brak aktywności fizycznej – jeśli nie uprawiasz aktywności fizycznej, może to zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo zachorowania na raka piersi1.
  • Brak urodzenia dziecka – ryzyko raka piersi jest nieco wyższe u osób, które nie miały dzieci lub które nie miały dzieci do 30. roku życia1.
  • Brak karmienia piersią – ryzyko raka piersi może być nieco wyższe u osób, które nie karmią piersią swoich dzieci1.
  • Hormonalna antykoncepcja – metody antykoncepcji wykorzystujące hormony do zapobiegania ciąży mogą nieznacznie podnieść ryzyko raka piersi1.
  • Terapia hormonalna – długotrwałe stosowanie estrogenu w połączeniu z progesteronem może zwiększyć ryzyko raka piersi1.

Inne czynniki ryzyka nowotworowych guzków piersi nie mogą być kontrolowane. Należą do nich12:

  • Płeć żeńska – kobiety znacznie częściej niż mężczyźni chorują na raka piersi1.
  • Starzenie się – ryzyko raka piersi wzrasta z wiekiem. Najczęściej testy wykrywają raka piersi u osób w wieku 55 lat i starszych1.
  • Zmiany genetyczne – niektóre typy raka piersi są spowodowane zmianami genów przekazywanymi od rodziców do dzieci. Zmiana w genie BRCA1 lub BRCA2 jest najczęstszą przyczyną dziedzicznego raka piersi1.
  • Historia rodzinna raka piersi – istnieje większe prawdopodobieństwo zachorowania na raka piersi, jeśli bliski krewny, taki jak rodzic lub rodzeństwo, również chorował na tę chorobę1.
  • Gęste piersi – oznacza to, że twoje piersi mają więcej tkanki gruczołowej i włóknistej, a mniej tkanki tłuszczowej. Osoby z gęstą tkanką piersi mają wyższe ryzyko raka piersi niż te, których gęstość piersi jest przeciętna1.
  • Wczesne miesiączki lub późniejsza menopauza – rozpoczęcie miesiączkowania w młodym wieku, zwłaszcza przed 12. rokiem życia, wiąże się z nieco wyższym ryzykiem raka piersi. Przejście przez menopauzę po 55. roku życia również wiąże się z nieco wyższym ryzykiem raka piersi1.

Łagodne schorzenia piersi a ryzyko raka

Niektóre łagodne stany piersi, które powodują guzki, mogą zwiększać ryzyko późniejszego zachorowania na raka piersi. Do tych schorzeń należą atypowa hiperplazja przewodowa i atypowa hiperplazja zrazikowa, które obejmują nadmierny wzrost komórek w niektórych komórkach piersi. Innym schorzeniem jest rak zrazikowy in situ (LCIS), który występuje, gdy komórki rozrastają się w gruczołach wytwarzających mleko. LCIS również może zwiększać ryzyko raka piersi12.

Rak przedinwazyjny, taki jak rak przewodowy in situ (DCIS), atypowa hiperplazja lub proliferacyjna choroba piersi stanowią jeszcze wyższe ryzyko rozwoju raka piersi, jeśli w rodzinie występuje historia raka piersi1.

Epidemiologia guzków piersi

Występowanie guzków piersi różni się w zależności od wieku i prezentacji klinicznej. Poniżej przedstawiamy częstość występowania różnych typów guzków piersi według grup wiekowych1:

Wiek Gruczolakowłókniak Łagodny guzek piersi Torbiel piersi Rak piersi
Poniżej 20 lat 50% 50% 0% 0%
20-29 lat 35% 52% 10% 3%
30-39 lat 18% 62% 10% 10%
40-55 lat 9% 31% 25% 35%
Powyżej 55 lat 0% 13% 2% 85%

Z tabeli wynika, że ryzyko, że guzek piersi będzie złośliwy, zwiększa się wraz z wiekiem, przy czym istnieje 1/204 (0,49%) szansa na raka piersi u kobiety w wieku trzydziestu lat, w porównaniu z 1/28 (3,54%) szansą u kobiety w wieku sześćdziesięciu lat. Ryzyko, że guzek piersi będzie złośliwy w okresie dojrzewania, jest niezwykle rzadkie1.

Gruczolakowłókniaki są najczęstsze u kobiet w wieku poniżej 35 lat, podczas gdy torbiele są najpowszechniejsze u kobiet w wieku 30-60 lat12.

Mechanizmy powstawania guzków piersi

Mechanizmy powstawania guzków piersi są złożone i często wieloczynnikowe. Podstawowe mechanizmy obejmują123:

  • Zmiany hormonalne – wahania poziomów estrogenów i progesteronu mogą wpływać na tkankę piersi, powodując powstawanie guzków. Szczególnie widoczne jest to w przypadku gruczolakowłókniaków, które są wrażliwe na estrogen1.
  • Zaburzenia rozwoju tkanki piersi – niektóre guzki są związane z aberracją normalnego rozwoju i inwolucji (ANDI), co może prowadzić do formowania się torbieli1.
  • Reakcje immunologiczne – w przypadku mastitis granulomatosa (zapalenie ziarniniakowe piersi) przyczyną może być reakcja autoimmunologiczna1.
  • Urazy i infekcje – mogą prowadzić do martwicy tłuszczowej lub ropni, które objawiają się jako guzki1.
  • Miejscowe czynniki wzrostu – poprzez promowanie proliferacji tkanki zrębu i składników gruczołowych mogą stymulować wzrost guzków piersi1.
  • Mutacje genetyczne – w przypadku raka piersi najczęstszą przyczyną dziedzicznego raka piersi są mutacje w genach BRCA1 lub BRCA21.

Powikłania związane z guzkami piersi

Niektóre schorzenia powodujące guzki piersi mogą prowadzić do innych problemów zdrowotnych, zwanych również powikłaniami. Powikłania zależą od rodzaju guzka piersi1. Do najważniejszych powikłań należą:

  • Zwiększone ryzyko raka piersi – niektóre łagodne stany piersi, takie jak atypowa hiperplazja przewodowa, atypowa hiperplazja zrazikowa i rak zrazikowy in situ (LCIS), mogą zwiększać ryzyko późniejszego zachorowania na raka piersi1.
  • Infekcje – nieleczone ropnie mogą prowadzić do rozszerzenia infekcji1.
  • Trudności w diagnozowaniu – niektóre łagodne guzki, takie jak martwica tłuszczowa, mogą przypominać raka piersi w badaniach obrazowych, co może prowadzić do niepotrzebnych procedur diagnostycznych1.
  • Problemy psychologiczne – znajdowanie guzka piersi może powodować znaczny niepokój i stres, nawet jeśli okaże się on łagodny1.

Podsumowanie etiologii podejrzanych guzków piersi

Podejrzane guzki piersi mają złożoną i wieloczynnikową etiologię. Większość guzków piersi (80-90%) ma charakter łagodny i wynika z naturalnych zmian w organizmie, takich jak zmiany hormonalne, lub z łagodnych schorzeń, takich jak torbiele czy gruczolakowłókniaki. Jednakże, około 10-20% guzków piersi może być złośliwych, szczególnie u kobiet w starszym wieku12.

Etiologia guzków piersi różni się w zależności od wieku i prezentacji klinicznej. U młodszych kobiet (poniżej 25 lat) najczęstszą przyczyną guzka piersi jest gruczolakowłókniak, podczas gdy u kobiet powyżej 25 roku życia częstymi przyczynami są zarówno gruczolakowłókniaki, jak i łagodne torbiele, a ryzyko nowotworu złośliwego wzrasta wraz z wiekiem1.

Liczne czynniki ryzyka wpływają na rozwój guzków piersi, w tym wiek, historia rodzinna, czynniki hormonalne i styl życia. Zrozumienie tych czynników ryzyka pomaga w ocenie prawdopodobieństwa, że dany guzek jest złośliwy1.

Niezależnie od etiologii, każdy podejrzany guzek piersi wymaga dokładnej oceny klinicznej i, w razie potrzeby, dalszych badań diagnostycznych, aby wykluczyć raka piersi i zapewnić odpowiednie leczenie1.

Kolejne rozdziały

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Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

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    A breast lump is a growth of tissue that forms in the breast. Most breast lumps are not irregular or cancerous. But it’s key to have your healthcare professional check them promptly. […] Breast lumps can be caused by: […] Breast cysts. These fluid-filled sacs inside the breast are round, smooth and firm. A breast cyst can range in size from a few millimeters to as large as an orange. The tissue around it may be tender. A breast cyst may appear before your period and get smaller, larger or go away afterward. Breast cysts tend to come on quickly around the time of the menstrual cycle. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. With these changes, you may feel general fullness in your breasts. Some areas may be lumpy or ropelike. Your breasts may feel tender. It’s common to have fibrocystic breast changes related to the menstrual cycle. The symptoms tend to get better after you have your period.
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    Most breast lumps are benign, which means they’re not cancerous. Instead, they are caused by normal changes in breast tissue, cysts or adenomas, injury, or rarely, infections. […] For 1 in 5 people, breast lumps are cancer. Still, remember that it’s more common for them to be caused by other things, like: […] Breast lumps can be caused by many different things. About 1 in 5 breast lumps are cancerous. The rest are caused by cysts, calcifications, hormonal changes, and other issues.
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    Breast lumps are not always cancerous, and many are harmless. […] Breast lumps have a variety of causes, including hormonal changes, physical trauma, and underlying health conditions. […] Hormonal fluctuations, such as those experienced during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can trigger the development of breast lumps. […] Physical trauma, such as a fall or a blow to the chest, can also lead to the formation of lumps. […] Certain medical conditions, including fibrocystic breast disease and lupus, can also result in the growth of lumps in the breast. […] Some breast lumps simply do not have a clear cause.
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    Breast cysts are a common diagnosis among women and one of the most common reasons for a referral to a breast clinic. […] The etiology of breast cysts is unknown. However, most breast cysts are associated with the aberration of normal development and involution (ANDI). […] Many studies report a high lifetime prevalence of fibrocystic breast disease in women, showing that over 70% of all women develop fibrocystic changes during their lives, with 20% of these women being symptomatic and 10%-30% developing sclerosing adenosis. […] This underlying process of fibrosis likely stems from an overproduction of estrogen and suppression of progesterone, leading to hyperproliferation of the connective tissue, causing increased epithelial thickness. […] The prognosis of breast cysts varies depending on the etiology of the underlying lesion. If the cyst is a simple breast cyst with no solid components which resolves with aspiration, then the cyst is entirely benign. If the cyst has solid components and/or is recurrent after aspiration, then this could reflect an underlying malignancy.
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    Breast lumps happen for many reasons. Many other conditions can cause breast lumps. Treatment for a breast lump depends on the cause. A breast lump can be a sign of breast cancer, its usually benign (not cancerous). In fact, 8 out of 10 breast lumps are noncancerous. Causes of breast lumps include: Fibrocystic changes: Tiny, fluid-filled sacs and fibrous (rubbery) tissue can feel like a lump. Breast cysts: Fluid-filled sacs can form when fluid becomes trapped in your milk ducts. Cysts are common in people who havent experienced menopause. Fibroadenomas: This benign (noncancerous) lump is the most common breast tumor in younger women (in their 20s and 30s). Breast cancer: A tumor growing in the breast tissue causes a lump. Breast lumps are one of the symptoms of breast cancer. But, often, breast lumps arent cancerous. Several other conditions can cause breast lumps. Breast infections are relatively common and can occur in both lactating and non-lactating people. Breast lumps have many causes. Most of the time, theyre not cancer.
  • #1 Breast Lesions: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More
    https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/lesions-breast
    While a doctor will certainly want to rule out cancer, the good news is that most breast lesions are noncancerous (benign), especially in females under the age of 35. […] Sometimes noncancerous breast lesions may cause pain, changes in tissues, and nipple discharge. […] Examples of benign breast conditions include: Adenosis, Duct ectasia, Ductal/lobular hyperplasia, Fat necrosis, Fibroadenoma, Fibrocystic changes, Intraductal papilloma, Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), Mastitis, Phyllodes tumor, Radial scars. […] While most cases of benign breast lesions do not become cancerous, sclerosing adenosis carries up to two times the risk of future malignancy. […] Possible signs of malignancy may include irregular shape or margins, which are typically highlighted on imaging tests. […] Possible causes and risk factors for breast lesions may include: being under the age of 35, fibroadenoma, fat necrosis from trauma, lymphocytic mastitis. […] You may also be more likely to experience swollen or lumpy feeling breast during the premenstrual phase of your monthly cycle.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352786
    Fibroadenomas. These solid breast tumors aren’t cancer. They’re smooth, and they move easily under the skin when touched. A fibroadenoma may get smaller over time or it may grow larger. Factors that may be linked with fibroadenoma growth include being pregnant, using hormone therapy such as birth control pills or having a period. […] Injury or post-surgery. A serious injury to breast tissue or a complication after breast surgery can create a breast lump. This is called fat necrosis. […] Infections. A collection of infected fluid called an abscess in breast tissue also can cause a breast lump. The lump often is linked with breast pain, redness in that area and swelling of the skin. […] Intraductal papilloma. This is a skin tag-like growth in a milk duct. It can cause the nipple to leak clear or bloody fluid. It’s usually not painful. This growth can be seen on a breast ultrasound of the area under the nipple.
  • #1 Breast Fibroadenoma: Symptoms, Treatment & Removal
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15690-fibroadenomas-of-the-breast
    Fibroadenomas are common noncancerous (benign) breast lumps. They’re a type of benign breast disease that rarely increases breast cancer risk. […] Healthcare providers dont know why some women get fibroadenomas. Some believe it has to do with being sensitive to estrogen. This is because fibroadenomas tend to grow during pregnancy or hormone therapy (when estrogen is higher), while theyre more likely to shrink after menopause (when estrogen is lower). […] Complex fibroadenomas occur about 15% of the time. […] However, any female who has a period (menstruates) can get them. […] Most fibroadenomas arent life-threatening or cancerous. But, they can get bigger, change in appearance or become painful. […] Its rare for fibroadenomas to turn into cancer. However, you should continue to check the tissue in your breast for new lumps or changes to existing lumps.
  • #1 Fibroadenoma of the breast: what it is, its types, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/fibroadenoma-of-the-breast
    Familial predisposition: it is known that if fibroadenomas or other benign breast disorders are present in close relatives, the risk of developing these conditions is increased. […] Local growth factors: by promoting the proliferation of stromal tissue and glandular components, local growth factors can stimulate the growth of breast lumps. […] Injury: it is hypothesized that damage to the organ can induce local tissue changes leading to the development of benign lesions. […] Diet and lifestyle: although there is no direct link, some studies suggest that certain dietary and lifestyle factors, such as a high-fat diet, can affect hormone levels and, consequently, stimulate the development of breast nodules. […] Other possible causes that are still being debated include certain immunosuppressant drugs and viral infections such as the Eppstein-Barr virus.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352786
    Lipoma. This type of lump can feel soft. It involves fatty breast tissue. It’s often harmless. […] Breast cancer. A breast lump that’s painless, hard, has irregular edges and is different from the breast tissue around it might be breast cancer. The skin covering the lump may thicken, change color or look red. There also may be skin changes such as dimpled or pitted areas that look like the skin of an orange. Your breast size and shape may change. You may notice fluid leaking from the nipple, or the nipple may turn inward. The lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone might be swollen. […] Risk factors for breast lumps caused by conditions that are not cancer include the following: […] Age. Some conditions that cause breast lumps are more common in the 30s and 40s. These include fibrocystic changes and fibroadenomas.
  • #1 Breast Lump: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments
    https://www.healthline.com/health/breast-lump
    Most breast lumps are noncancerous, which means they are benign. […] However, a breast lump can be a sign of cancer. […] There are many possible causes for a lump in your breast, including: breast cysts, which are soft, fluid-filled sacs; milk cysts, referring to sacs filled with milk that can occur during breast-feeding; fibrocystic breasts, a condition in which breast tissue feels lumpy in texture and is sometimes accompanied by pain; fibroadenoma, meaning noncancerous rubbery lumps that move easily within the breast tissue and rarely become cancerous; hamartoma, which is a benign, tumorlike growth; intraductal papilloma, referring to a small, non-cancerous tumor in a milk duct; lipoma, which is a slow-growing, noncancerous, fatty lump; mastitis, or an infection of the breast; injury; breast cancer.
  • #1 Mimickers of breast malignancy: imaging findings, pathologic concordance and clinical management | Insights into Imaging | Full Text
    https://insightsimaging.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13244-021-00991-x
    Many benign breast entities have a clinical and imaging presentation that can mimic breast cancer. […] The clinical presentation of several benign breast conditions, common and rare, can mimic breast cancer. […] Suspicious imaging features may be part of the imaging spectrum of many benign breast conditions, making them indistinguishable from breast cancer. […] Benign inflammatory breast conditions that mimic malignancy include infectious mastitis and breast abscess, granulomatous mastitis, and lymphocytic mastopathy. Proliferative breast conditions that mimic malignancy include fat necrosis, stromal fibrosis, and sclerosing adenosis. Benign tumors that mimic malignancy include hamartoma, pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia, tubular adenoma, desmoid fibromatosis, and granular cell tumor. […] Granulomatous mastitis is an inflammatory breast condition of unknown etiology.
  • #1 New Palpable Breast Mass – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560757/
    A family history of breast cancer significantly increases the risk for all types of benign breast conditions. […] Women of reproductive age with regular cycles, who were of older age at first childbirth, breastfed longer, or who currently use or have used oral contraceptives for 8 years appeared to have a high risk of fibroadenoma, while postmenopausal women have an increased risk of epithelial proliferation with atypia. […] Additionally, hormone replacement therapy raises postmenopausal risks for epithelial proliferation with atypia, fibrocystic change, breast cysts, and fibroadenoma. […] Breast masses have various causes that differ based on age group and clinical presentation. […] For those 25 years and older, palpable breast masses are also commonly caused by benign breast abnormalities; however, the risk of a malignant underlying condition increases as age increases.
  • #1 Is a lump in your breast always cancer? 4 signs of breast cancer | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE
    https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/breast-cancer/is-a-lump-in-your-breast-always-breast-cancer-4-signs-of-breast-cancer
    Breast lumps have many causes sometimes cancer, but often not. […] „Lumps in the breast aren’t always cancer,” says Dr. Santamaria. „About 10% to 20% of lumps are cancer. The rest are benign.” […] Signs of cancerous lumps: Rock hard, Irregular borders, Attached, or hard to move. […] Breast cancer usually starts in the lobules and the ducts of the breast. If the cells become abnormal and multiply, the tissue can become cancerous. […] „Cancerous lumps can be painful,” says Dr. Santamaria. „But benign fibrocystic lumps, a fibroadenoma or a breast cyst typically hurt more than cancerous lumps.” […] „Listen to your body,” says Dr. Santamaria. „We’ve seen breast cancer in 20-year-olds, so don’t ignore it.” Early detection means better outcomes: When breast cancer is caught early, the five-year survival rate is 99%. […] „3D mammograms can detect 30% more breast cancers than traditional mammograms,” says Dr. Santamaria.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352786
    Not breastfeeding. The risk of breast cancer may be slightly higher in people who don’t breastfeed their babies. […] Hormonal birth control. Birth control methods that use hormones to prevent pregnancy may slightly raise breast cancer risk. These include birth control pills, shots and intrauterine devices. […] Hormone therapy. Long-term use of estrogen combined with progesterone can raise the risk of breast cancer. […] Other risk factors for cancerous breast lumps can’t be controlled. These include: […] Being born female. Women are much more likely than men to get breast cancer. […] Aging. The risk of breast cancer rises with age. Most often, tests find breast cancer in people 55 and older. […] Gene changes. Some types of breast cancer are caused by genes changes passed from parents to children, also called inherited gene changes. A change in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is the most common cause of inherited breast cancer.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps/symptoms-causes/syc-20352786
    Family history of breast cancer. You’re more likely to get breast cancer if a close relative such as a parent or sibling also had the disease. […] Dense breasts. This means your breasts have more glandular and fibrous tissue, and less fatty tissue. People with dense breast tissue have a higher risk of breast cancer than those whose breast density is average. […] Early menstrual periods or later menopause. Starting your period at an early age, especially before 12, is linked with a slightly higher breast cancer risk. Going through menopause after 55 also is tied to a slightly higher risk of breast cancer. […] Certain breast conditions that aren’t cancer. Some benign breast conditions that cause lumps can make breast cancer more likely later on. These conditions include atypical ductal hyperplasia and atypical lobular hyperplasia, which involve too much cell growth in certain breast cells. Another condition called lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) happens when cells grow in glands that make breast milk. LCIS also can raise the risk for breast cancer.
  • #1 Breast Lumps in Women: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://www.medicinenet.com/breast_lumps_in_women/article.htm
    Women with DCIS, LCIS, atypical hyperplasia, or proliferative disease are at even higher risk of developing breast cancer if they have a history of breast cancer in the family. […] Breast cancer frequently causes no pain in the breast. Although women often worry about breast pain, most women with breast pain do not have breast cancer.
  • #1 Breast Lump
    https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Gyn/Breast/BrstLmp.htm
    Age under 20 years: Fibroadenoma: 50%, Benign Breast Mass: 50% […] Age 20 to 29 years: Fibroadenoma: 35%, Benign Breast Mass: 52%, Breast Cyst: 10%, Breast Cancer: 3% […] Age 30 to 39 years: Fibroadenoma: 18%, Benign Breast Mass: 62%, Breast Cyst: 10%, Breast Cancer: 10% […] Age 40 to 55 years: Fibroadenoma: 9%, Benign Breast Mass: 31%, Breast Cyst: 25%, Breast Cancer: 35% […] Age over 55 years: Benign Breast Mass: 13%, Breast Cyst: 2%, Breast Cancer: 85% […] Do not discount Breast Masses in younger patients […] Exercise high level of suspicion (High Risk) in postmenopausal asymmetrical palpable mass […] Consider suspicious findings (for urgency of evaluation, but does not obviate need for Breast imaging): Hard, irregular lesion (contrast with soft, smooth, regular benign lesions), Breast Mass immobile, fixed to surrounding tissue, Poorly defined margins, Overlying skin changes may be present.
  • #1 Palpable breast lumps: An age-based approach to evaluation and diagnosis | Malherbe | South African Family Practice
    https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5571/7557
    A palpable breast lump is a common presentation of breast disease to a general practitioner. Fortunately, investigation of most of these lumps will lead to a benign diagnosis. […] Breast lumps are common in general practice. More than 25% of women are affected by breast disease during their lifetime, the vast majority of whom will complain of a new breast lump. Fortunately, most of these will be benign, with breast cancer only diagnosed in 10% of new breast lumps. […] The risk of a breast lump representing a breast cancer increases with age, with a 1/204 (0.49%) chance of breast cancer for a woman in her thirties, compared with 1/28 (3.54%) chance for a woman in her sixties. The risk of a breast lump being malignant in adolescence is exceedingly rare. […] There are no statistics reporting the incidence of breast cancer in adolescents in South Africa, but according to the American Cancer Society, between 2012 and 2016, they reported an incidence of 0.1 per 100 000 in the United States. It is truly a one in a million event, and therefore healthcare providers need to take care not to over-investigate breast lumps in adolescence. […] With an increase in age, the risk of breast cancer increases. Therefore, it is recommended that all women over 25 undergo a full triple assessment. Fibroadenomas are still common in patients between 25 and 30 years of age, but more breast cancers are diagnosed with increasing age.
  • #1 Common causes of painful breast lumps that aren’t cancer – VAB
    https://eu.bd.com/vab-guide/benign-breast-nodules/
    One of the most common causes of breast lumps, cysts are (like abscesses) fluid filled lumps that develop under the skin. They can vary in size from small lumps the size of a fingernail, to those much larger growing to several centimetres in size. […] Fibroadenomas are lumps that can develop outside of milk producing glands (lobules). In small areas in the breast new glands and ducts grow over the lobule in an irregular way, forming a lump that can be felt above the skin. […] The causes of breast cysts arent well known, but hormones may play a part in their development. Cysts are more likely to occur on those aged 30 60, and are more common in women having hormone replacement therapy (HRT). […] The majority of medical professionals believe fibroadenomas occur as a result of increased sensitivity to a hormone secreted by the ovaries called oestrogen.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps | UM Health-Sparrow
    https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps
    A breast lump is a growth of tissue that forms in the breast. Most breast lumps are not irregular or cancerous. But it’s key to have your healthcare professional check them promptly. […] Breast lumps can be caused by: […] Breast cancer. A breast lump that’s painless, hard, has irregular edges and is different from the breast tissue around it might be breast cancer. The skin covering the lump may thicken, change color or look red. There also may be skin changes such as dimpled or pitted areas that look like the skin of an orange. Your breast size and shape may change. You may notice fluid leaking from the nipple, or the nipple may turn inward. The lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone might be swollen. […] Some conditions that cause breast lumps may lead to other health concerns, also called complications. The complications depend on the type of breast lump that you have.
  • #1 Suspicious breast lumps | UM Health-Sparrow
    https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps
    Other breast conditions that are not cancer still can raise the risk of breast cancer later on. These include conditions that can cause lumps, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. […] There’s no clear way to prevent many breast lumps. Breast lumps that are not cancer often are linked with natural changes in the body, such as hormonal changes over time. […] Treatment for a breast lump depends on its cause. Your healthcare professional helps you choose the treatment that’s right for you. Causes of breast lumps and their treatment options include: […] Breast cancer. Treatment for breast cancer depends on the type of cancer and whether it has spread. Your healthcare professional may suggest treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy such as anti-estrogen medicines or radiation therapy. Or you might be able to join a clinical trial that tests new treatments.
  • #1 Breast Lumps Treatment Sydney | Breast Pain Treatment North Sydney NSW
    https://www.surgicaloncology.com.au/breast-lumps-breast-surgeon-north-sydney-nsw.html
    Fat necrosis occurs due to trauma (sudden injury) or a specific injury to the breast. […] The damaged area of breast tissue can lead to a lump formation known as fat necrosis. […] Although fat necrosis is benign, it can sometimes look like breast cancer. […] Fat necrosis is a benign breast condition and does not increase breast cancer risk.
  • #1 Breast Lump: Types, Causes, How to Check Them & Treatment
    https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/breast-lump/
    Breast lumps that are cancerous are often referred to as “malignant tumors.” A malignant tumor is a mass of abnormal tissue that contains cancerous cells. […] Although breast lumps are common and many are non-cancerous, there are several breast lump warning signs to be aware of. See your healthcare professional if you notice: A new lump, thickening, or swelling of the breast tissue not previously noticed by you or your doctor; A lump that feels hard to the touch or different from the rest of the breast tissue; A known lump that begins to grow or change; A lump that does not go away after menstruation; A lump that causes pain or discomfort. […] While some breast cancers may produce a noticeable lump or other symptoms, it is important to remember that in its early stages, breast cancer does not produce any noticeable symptoms or signs.
  • #1 New Palpable Breast Mass – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560757/
    For those 25 years and older, common causes of palpable breast masses include fibroadenomas and benign cysts, and the risk of a malignant condition increases as age increases. […] Although the majority of these masses are associated with benign breast conditions, patients with palpable breast masses have an increased likelihood of having a breast malignancy. […] Therefore, risk factors that increase a patient’s chances for breast cancer should be considered when assessing the differential diagnoses of breast symptoms. […] The primary risk factor for developing breast cancer is excess exposure to estrogens. […] Risk factors for benign breast disorders are not well studied. […] However, a recent study found age, family history, and hormonal factors appear to influence the risk of benign breast lesions in a similar fashion as observed with breast malignancy.
  • #1 New Palpable Breast Mass – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560757/
    A palpable breast mass requires careful evaluation as this is the most common presenting symptom of breast cancer, although many cases are proven to be benign. […] A breast mass is associated with a broad spectrum of differential diagnoses, from benign breast abnormalities to advanced malignancies; therefore, a structured evaluation approach is required to appropriately assess these lesions without submitting patients to unnecessary procedures. […] The underlying etiology of a palpable breast mass includes a wide array of differential diagnoses. […] Breast masses have various causes that differ based on age group and clinical presentation. In women younger than 25, the most common cause of a breast mass is a fibroadenoma; other causes in this population include giant juvenile fibroadenomas, cysts, hamartomas, fat necrosis, and inflammatory breast conditions (eg, abscesses).
  • #2 Breast Lumps: Types, Benign, Moveable, Causes & Diagnosis
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/6906-breast-lumps
    Breast lumps happen for many reasons. Many other conditions can cause breast lumps. Treatment for a breast lump depends on the cause. A breast lump can be a sign of breast cancer, its usually benign (not cancerous). In fact, 8 out of 10 breast lumps are noncancerous. Causes of breast lumps include: Fibrocystic changes: Tiny, fluid-filled sacs and fibrous (rubbery) tissue can feel like a lump. Breast cysts: Fluid-filled sacs can form when fluid becomes trapped in your milk ducts. Cysts are common in people who havent experienced menopause. Fibroadenomas: This benign (noncancerous) lump is the most common breast tumor in younger women (in their 20s and 30s). Breast cancer: A tumor growing in the breast tissue causes a lump. Breast lumps are one of the symptoms of breast cancer. But, often, breast lumps arent cancerous. Several other conditions can cause breast lumps. Breast infections are relatively common and can occur in both lactating and non-lactating people. Breast lumps have many causes. Most of the time, theyre not cancer.
  • #2 New Palpable Breast Mass – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560757/
    For those 25 years and older, common causes of palpable breast masses include fibroadenomas and benign cysts, and the risk of a malignant condition increases as age increases. […] Although the majority of these masses are associated with benign breast conditions, patients with palpable breast masses have an increased likelihood of having a breast malignancy. […] Therefore, risk factors that increase a patient’s chances for breast cancer should be considered when assessing the differential diagnoses of breast symptoms. […] The primary risk factor for developing breast cancer is excess exposure to estrogens. […] Risk factors for benign breast disorders are not well studied. […] However, a recent study found age, family history, and hormonal factors appear to influence the risk of benign breast lesions in a similar fashion as observed with breast malignancy.
  • #2 Fibroadenoma of the breast: what it is, its types, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/fibroadenoma-of-the-breast
    Breast masses (or lumps in everyday speech) cause anxiety because it might be cancer. However, not all such growths are malignant. For example, fibroadenomas, which often occur in young women, are not cancerous, although they require constant monitoring by a breast care provider. […] The exact causes of these breast tumors are unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute to their development. […] Reproductive hormone imbalance: abnormal estradiol and progesterone ratio with increased levels of the former. The hormone dependence of fibrous glandular overgrowths is proved, in particular, by the fact that their size partially changes during the menstrual cycle and increases during pregnancy, while regression symptoms (reduction in size, calcification, etc.) often occur in postmenopause.
  • #2 Suspicious breast lumps | Beacon Health System
    https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps?content_id=CON-20305543
    Most breast lumps are not irregular or cancerous. […] Breast lumps can be caused by: […] Breast cysts. These fluid-filled sacs inside the breast are round, smooth and firm. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. With these changes, you may feel general fullness in your breasts. […] Fibroadenomas. These solid breast tumors aren’t cancer. […] Injury or post-surgery. A serious injury to breast tissue or a complication after breast surgery can create a breast lump. […] Infections. A collection of infected fluid called an abscess in breast tissue also can cause a breast lump. […] Intraductal papilloma. This is a skin tag-like growth in a milk duct. […] Lipoma. This type of lump can feel soft. […] Breast cancer. A breast lump that’s painless, hard, has irregular edges and is different from the breast tissue around it might be breast cancer.
  • #2 Common causes of painful breast lumps that aren’t cancer – VAB
    https://eu.bd.com/vab-guide/benign-breast-nodules/
    One of the most common causes of breast lumps, cysts are (like abscesses) fluid filled lumps that develop under the skin. They can vary in size from small lumps the size of a fingernail, to those much larger growing to several centimetres in size. […] Fibroadenomas are lumps that can develop outside of milk producing glands (lobules). In small areas in the breast new glands and ducts grow over the lobule in an irregular way, forming a lump that can be felt above the skin. […] The causes of breast cysts arent well known, but hormones may play a part in their development. Cysts are more likely to occur on those aged 30 60, and are more common in women having hormone replacement therapy (HRT). […] The majority of medical professionals believe fibroadenomas occur as a result of increased sensitivity to a hormone secreted by the ovaries called oestrogen.
  • #2 Breast lumps: when to worry and when to relax | Top Doctors
    https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/understanding-breast-lumps-when-to-worry-and-when-to-relax
    There are several potential causes of breast lumps, and many of them are benign (non-cancerous). Common causes include: […] Fibroadenomas: these are solid, benign tumours that are common in younger women. They are smooth, firm, and move easily under the skin. […] Cysts: fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the breast tissue, especially in women over 40. They often fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle and may cause tenderness. […] Fibrocystic changes: this refers to lumpy or rope-like breast tissue that many women experience, often due to hormonal changes. It can cause tenderness and swelling, particularly before menstruation. […] Infections: breast infections, such as mastitis, can lead to redness, swelling, and lumps, particularly in women who are breastfeeding. […] While most breast lumps are benign, there are certain signs that may indicate a need for further evaluation. You should be concerned if the lump:
  • #2 Breast lump Information | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/breast-lump
    A breast lump is swelling, growth, or mass in the breast. […] Breast lumps in both men and women raise concern for breast cancer, even though most lumps are not cancer. […] Causes: Lump in a woman are most often either fibroadenomas or cysts, or just normal variations in breast tissue known as fibrocystic changes. […] Fibrocystic changes are painful, lumpy breasts. This is a benign condition that does not increase your risk for breast cancer. […] Fibroadenomas are noncancerous lumps that feel rubbery. […] These lumps do not have cancer or become cancerous except in rare cases. […] Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that often feel like soft grapes. […] Other causes of breast lumps include breast cancer. […] Injury. Blood may collect and feel like a lump called a hematoma if your breast gets badly bruised. […] Lipoma. This is a collection of fatty tissue. […] Milk cysts (sacs filled with milk). These cysts can occur with breastfeeding. […] Breast abscess. These typically occur if you are breastfeeding or have recently given birth, but can also occur in women who are not breastfeeding.
  • #2 Suspicious breast lumps – Hancock Health
    https://www.hancockhealth.org/fr/mayo-health-library/suspicious-breast-lumps/
    Risk factors for breast lumps caused by conditions that are not cancer include the following: […] Age. Some conditions that cause breast lumps are more common in the 30s and 40s. […] Menstrual periods. Before or during your period, you may feel a breast lump due to extra fluid in the breasts. […] Pregnancy. Your breasts may feel lumpy during pregnancy. […] Premenopause. As you get closer to menopause, hormone changes might make your breasts feel lumpier and tender. […] Some risk factors for breast cancer are within your control to change. […] Other risk factors for cancerous breast lumps can’t be controlled. […] Certain breast conditions that aren’t cancer. Some benign breast conditions that cause lumps can make breast cancer more likely later on. […] Some conditions that cause breast lumps may lead to other health concerns, also called complications.
  • #2 Suspicious breast lumps | UM Health-Sparrow
    https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps
    A breast lump is a growth of tissue that forms in the breast. Most breast lumps are not irregular or cancerous. But it’s key to have your healthcare professional check them promptly. […] Breast lumps can be caused by: […] Breast cancer. A breast lump that’s painless, hard, has irregular edges and is different from the breast tissue around it might be breast cancer. The skin covering the lump may thicken, change color or look red. There also may be skin changes such as dimpled or pitted areas that look like the skin of an orange. Your breast size and shape may change. You may notice fluid leaking from the nipple, or the nipple may turn inward. The lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone might be swollen. […] Some conditions that cause breast lumps may lead to other health concerns, also called complications. The complications depend on the type of breast lump that you have.
  • #2 Suspicious breast lumps | UM Health-Sparrow
    https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/suspicious-breast-lumps
    Other breast conditions that are not cancer still can raise the risk of breast cancer later on. These include conditions that can cause lumps, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. […] There’s no clear way to prevent many breast lumps. Breast lumps that are not cancer often are linked with natural changes in the body, such as hormonal changes over time. […] Treatment for a breast lump depends on its cause. Your healthcare professional helps you choose the treatment that’s right for you. Causes of breast lumps and their treatment options include: […] Breast cancer. Treatment for breast cancer depends on the type of cancer and whether it has spread. Your healthcare professional may suggest treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy such as anti-estrogen medicines or radiation therapy. Or you might be able to join a clinical trial that tests new treatments.
  • #2 Palpable breast lumps: An age-based approach to evaluation and diagnosis | Malherbe | South African Family Practice
    https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5571/7557
    A palpable breast lump is a common presentation of breast disease to a general practitioner. Fortunately, investigation of most of these lumps will lead to a benign diagnosis. […] Breast lumps are common in general practice. More than 25% of women are affected by breast disease during their lifetime, the vast majority of whom will complain of a new breast lump. Fortunately, most of these will be benign, with breast cancer only diagnosed in 10% of new breast lumps. […] The risk of a breast lump representing a breast cancer increases with age, with a 1/204 (0.49%) chance of breast cancer for a woman in her thirties, compared with 1/28 (3.54%) chance for a woman in her sixties. The risk of a breast lump being malignant in adolescence is exceedingly rare. […] There are no statistics reporting the incidence of breast cancer in adolescents in South Africa, but according to the American Cancer Society, between 2012 and 2016, they reported an incidence of 0.1 per 100 000 in the United States. It is truly a one in a million event, and therefore healthcare providers need to take care not to over-investigate breast lumps in adolescence. […] With an increase in age, the risk of breast cancer increases. Therefore, it is recommended that all women over 25 undergo a full triple assessment. Fibroadenomas are still common in patients between 25 and 30 years of age, but more breast cancers are diagnosed with increasing age.
  • #2 Breast Lumps: Causes, Types, and What to Do If You Find One
    https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/benign-breast-lumps
    Most breast lumps are benign, which means they’re not cancerous. Instead, they are caused by normal changes in breast tissue, cysts or adenomas, injury, or rarely, infections. […] For 1 in 5 people, breast lumps are cancer. Still, remember that it’s more common for them to be caused by other things, like: […] Breast lumps can be caused by many different things. About 1 in 5 breast lumps are cancerous. The rest are caused by cysts, calcifications, hormonal changes, and other issues.
  • #3 Is a lump in your breast always cancer? 4 signs of breast cancer | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE
    https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/breast-cancer/is-a-lump-in-your-breast-always-breast-cancer-4-signs-of-breast-cancer
    Breast lumps have many causes sometimes cancer, but often not. […] „Lumps in the breast aren’t always cancer,” says Dr. Santamaria. „About 10% to 20% of lumps are cancer. The rest are benign.” […] Signs of cancerous lumps: Rock hard, Irregular borders, Attached, or hard to move. […] Breast cancer usually starts in the lobules and the ducts of the breast. If the cells become abnormal and multiply, the tissue can become cancerous. […] „Cancerous lumps can be painful,” says Dr. Santamaria. „But benign fibrocystic lumps, a fibroadenoma or a breast cyst typically hurt more than cancerous lumps.” […] „Listen to your body,” says Dr. Santamaria. „We’ve seen breast cancer in 20-year-olds, so don’t ignore it.” Early detection means better outcomes: When breast cancer is caught early, the five-year survival rate is 99%. […] „3D mammograms can detect 30% more breast cancers than traditional mammograms,” says Dr. Santamaria.
  • #3 Fibroadenoma of the breast: what it is, its types, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
    https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/fibroadenoma-of-the-breast
    Breast masses (or lumps in everyday speech) cause anxiety because it might be cancer. However, not all such growths are malignant. For example, fibroadenomas, which often occur in young women, are not cancerous, although they require constant monitoring by a breast care provider. […] The exact causes of these breast tumors are unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute to their development. […] Reproductive hormone imbalance: abnormal estradiol and progesterone ratio with increased levels of the former. The hormone dependence of fibrous glandular overgrowths is proved, in particular, by the fact that their size partially changes during the menstrual cycle and increases during pregnancy, while regression symptoms (reduction in size, calcification, etc.) often occur in postmenopause.