Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17953-ruptured-spleen

  A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. It can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. […] A ruptured spleen can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. […] If your spleen ruptures, it’s the most likely of all of your abdominal organs to cause life-threatening internal bleeding. […] Your spleen may rupture immediately upon impact, or it may have a delayed rupture as a result of swelling from the injury. […] At the moment of rupture, you’re likely to feel a distinct pain there. […] After the moment of rupture, pain from your ruptured spleen may seem to move to the left side of your chest or your left shoulder. […] You may have symptoms related to blood loss and a rapid drop in blood pressure. These can include dizziness or lightheadedness, mental confusion or disorientation, blurred vision, paleness and faintness, restlessness or anxiety, and nausea.

• #1 Ruptured spleen // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ruptured-spleen

  Signs and symptoms of a ruptured spleen include: Pain in the upper left stomach. Tenderness when you touch the upper left stomach. Left shoulder pain. Confusion, lightheadedness or dizziness. […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. Seek emergency care after an injury if your signs and symptoms indicate that you may have a ruptured spleen. […] A ruptured spleen can cause life-threatening bleeding into your stomach cavity.

• #1 Cary Gastroenterology Associates | What Happens if a Spleen Ruptures?

  https://www.carygastro.com/blog/what-happens-if-a-spleen-ruptures

  Symptoms of a Ruptured Spleen: While there are several illnesses that can affect the spleen, the most common issue is splenomegaly, the term for an enlarged spleen. […] Below are some of the common symptoms associated with a rupture of the spleen: Abdominal pain: The most prominent symptom of a rupture is usually abdominal pain on the left side that is described as sharp or stabbing. Though typically experienced in the upper abdomen, the pain can also radiate to the left shoulder (Kehrs sign). […] Lightheadedness: A ruptured spleen can lead to internal bleeding, which in turn can cause a drop in blood pressure and resulting lightheadedness, dizziness, or confusion. […] Low blood pressure: Since the spleen is partly responsible for regulating bodily fluid levels, a rupture can reduce blood pressure throughout the body. This can also have a negative impact on heart rate.

• #1 Ruptured spleen (ruptured spleen) – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/ruptured-spleen/

  A ruptured spleen is an emergency in which doctors must act quickly! This is because life-threatening bleeding can occur in the abdomen, which must be stopped quickly. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen depend on whether the rupture is unilateral or bilateral. In a one-stage rupture of the spleen, both the capsule and the tissue of the spleen rupture and bleeding into the abdominal cavity occurs. The symptoms depend on the amount of blood loss. The following complaints may occur: Mild to severe pain, especially pressure pain in the left upper abdomen. However, the pain can radiate to other parts of the body, such as the left shoulder (so-called Kehrs sign). Pressure pain on the left side of the neck is also possible (so-called Saegessers sign). […] In a two-stage splenic rupture, the capsule initially remains intact and only the tissue of the spleen is damaged. Those affected therefore experience no or only mild symptoms immediately after the trauma. Only hours, days or weeks later does the capsule of the spleen also rupture and the symptoms set in: Pain in the left upper abdomen, sudden symptoms of shock up to and including collapse and cardiovascular arrest. […] A ruptured spleen is always an emergency. Doctors must treat this immediately to avoid life-threatening consequences.

• #1 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/ruptured-spleen-8638583

  A ruptured spleen, or splenic rupture, is when the spleen tears open. […] As the spleen bleeds into the abdominal cavity, you may experience pain in your upper left abdomen that radiates to your left shoulder. Your belly may also be visibly swollen as blood collects in your abdomen. […] The most common symptom of a ruptured spleen is moderate-to-severe pain in the upper left abdomen behind the ribs. The pain may radiate to the left shoulder blade, and some people also experience left-sided chest pain. Your belly may feel tender when touched and appear swollen. […] Symptoms of splenic rupture often develop suddenly following a blow to the stomach, but in some cases, it can take up to 10 days after an injury for symptoms to appear. […] If you lose a lot of blood, you may also experience hypovolemic shock, an emergency when your body loses too much blood. Symptoms of hypovolemic shock include: Lightheadedness, Blurred vision, Confusion, Anxiety or agitation, Sweating, Cool, clammy skin, Weakness, Rapid breathing, Fainting (loss of consciousness).

• #1 Spleen Injury – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/spleen-injury

  An injured or ruptured spleen can make the abdomen painful and tender. Blood in the abdomen acts as an irritant and causes pain. The pain begins in the left side of the abdomen just below the rib cage and sometimes in the left shoulder. The abdominal muscles contract reflexively and feel rigid, and the pain can spread throughout the abdomen. If enough blood leaks out, blood pressure falls and people feel light-headed, have blurred vision and confusion, and lose consciousness (faint). […] The amount of bleeding depends on the size of the injury. A hematoma of the spleen does not bleed into the abdomen at first but may rupture and bleed in the first few days after injury, although rupture sometimes does not occur for weeks or months.

• #1 Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://ej-med.org/index.php/ejmed/article/view/2147

  Non-traumatic ruptures of the spleen are rare, difficult to diagnose and potentially fatal. Symptoms are usually acute, but progressive forms are also possible. […] Mortality is high (around 20%), resulting from both pre-diagnostic and post-operative deaths, probably favored by a delay in management and/or the severity of the underlying pathology. […] The diagnosis of splenic rupture is challenging. It may be revealed by a left upper quadrant pain and hemodynamic instability. Left shoulder-tip pain resulting from diaphragmatic irritation (Kehrs sign) is reported in approximately 50% of cases. […] Management of SSR primarily depends on the patients hemodynamic stability. The decision to perform a splenectomy, as opposed to spleen-preserving procedures, is guided by the hemodynamic condition of the patient. […] Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare entity whose diagnosis is difficult in the absence of a traumatic context and can be life-threatening.

• #1 Symptoms of a Ruptured Spleen and When to Seek Help

  https://www.healthline.com/health/symptoms-of-a-ruptured-spleen

  Symptoms of a ruptured spleen depend on how damaged the spleen is. They may include: pain across your abdomen, tenderness in the upper left portion of your abdomen, low blood pressure, Kehr’s sign, which is pain that radiates upward to the left shoulder, confusion or changes in your mental state, blurred vision, fast heart rate, paler skin than usual, weakness, intolerance for cold. […] About 20% of people with a spleen injury also have left lower rib fractures. If you have such a fracture, you may also have a ruptured spleen, even if you don’t have any other symptoms. […] Most children with a spleen injury will have pain in the upper left side of their abdomen. They’re also likely to have pain in their left shoulder. […] Some symptoms may suggest that there is internal bleeding. These include: paler skin than usual, weak pulse, lightheadedness.

• #1 Ruptured Spleen Signs & Symptoms | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/ruptured-spleen

  There are several symptoms of a ruptured spleen. Symptoms may include: […] Pain in the upper left abdomen […] Pain that radiates up to the left shoulder […] Tenderness in the abdomen […] Confusion […] Lightheadedness or dizziness […] Blurred vision […] Paleness […] Restlessness […] Anxiety […] Nausea. […] Recovery time depends on the severity of the rupture. Ruptured spleens can take between 3-12 weeks.

• #1 Splenic Injury | Korey Stringer Institute

  https://koreystringer.institute.uconn.edu/splenic-injury/

  Right quadrant/left abdominal pain, Left shoulder pain, Severe or mild pain, Rebound tenderness, Muscle guarding, Nausea, Profuse sweating or hot and cold sensations, Abdominal distension or ecchymosis (bruising), Light headedness or syncope (fainting), Fatigue, Low blood pressure, Blurred vision. […] Once released from hospital, the athlete will need to follow gradual return to play over course of 2 or 3 weeks to allow healing of organ epithelial tissue. The athlete should be monitored very closely by an Athletic Trainer or sports medicine professional to ensure athlete safety and no return of signs or symptoms.

• #1 Splenic Rupture: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/432823-overview

  Although protected under the bony ribcage, the spleen remains the most commonly affected organ in blunt injury to the abdomen in all age groups. […] The clinical presentation of splenic injury is highly variable. Most patients with minor focal injury to the spleen complain of left upper quadrant abdominal tenderness. Left shoulder tenderness may also be present as a result of subdiaphragmatic nerve root irritation with referred pain. […] With free intraperitoneal blood, diffuse abdominal pain, peritoneal irritation, and rebound tenderness are more likely. If the intra-abdominal bleeding exceeds 5-10% of blood volume, clinical signs of early shock may manifest. Signs include tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, and anxiety. […] Hypotension in a patient with a suspected splenic injury, especially if young and previously healthy, is a grave sign and a surgical emergency. This should prompt immediate evaluation and intervention either in the OR or interventional radiology if a state of compensated shock can be maintained.

• #1 Splenic injury – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic_injury

  A splenic injury, which includes a ruptured spleen, is any injury to the spleen. The rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma, such as a traffic collision. […] In minor injuries with little bleeding, there may be abdominal pain, tenderness in the epigastrium and pain in the left flank. Often there is a sharp pain in the left shoulder, known as Kehr’s sign. In larger injuries with more extensive bleeding, signs of hypovolemic shock are most prominent. This might include a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, and paleness. […] Because a splenic rupture permits large amounts of blood to leak into the abdominal cavity, it can result in shock and death. Generally a nonoperative approach is chosen in those who are hemodynamically stable with non-worsening symptoms. During this period of nonoperative management strict bed rest between 24 and 72 hours with careful monitoring along with a CT seven days after the injury.

• #1 Splenic Rupture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525951/

  The spleen is the visceral organ most frequently injured in blunt abdominal trauma. Trauma is also the most common cause of a ruptured spleen. […] In patients who experience non-traumatic splenic rupture, 7% are due to idiopathic causes, with the remaining 93% attributed to pathological causes. […] Non-traumatic splenic rupture is very uncommon, though can be related to underlying pathologic conditions or may be idiopathic. However, non-traumatic rupture, when it does happen, carries a mortality of around 12%. […] The absence of substantial trauma cannot exclude the possibility of splenic injury, as individuals with a history of splenomegaly require less force for traumatic rupture. […] Severally ill patients may present with hypovolemic shock manifesting as tachycardia, hypotension, and pallor. Other findings include tenderness to palpation in the left upper quadrant, generalized peritonitis, or referred pain to the left shoulder (Kehr sign).

• #1 Splenic Injury | Korey Stringer Institute

  https://koreystringer.institute.uconn.edu/splenic-injury/

  Splenic rupture occurs when the spleen is placed under intense pressure/duress, strong enough to tear or separate the outer lining of the organ. A ruptured spleen accounts for 10% of all abdominal injuries. […] A splenic rupture typically results in severe pain and internal bleeding. However, some cases have exhibited only mild symptoms and symptoms may appear delayed as opposed to immediate presentation. Normal physical exams following abdominal trauma does not rule out a splenic rupture. Because of this, a splenic rupture is considered a medical emergency, both to repair/save the organ, and to limit the loss of blood from the cardiovascular system. […] Not all signs and symptoms occur immediately after a splenic injury. If this condition is suspected, continue to monitor the athlete for hours after the incident to see if signs or symptoms do occur. Some cases of delayed presentations show symptoms at 40 days post blunt force trauma.

• #1 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17953-ruptured-spleen

  If you have severe upper left abdominal pain or Kehrs sign, even if it occurs sometime after your original injury, you should go straight to the emergency room. […] A minor rupture may only cause a small, slow bleed. […] A more severe bleed will usually be obvious in terms of your symptoms, but it’s more dangerous. Severe internal bleeding can cause death within hours if it isn’t treated right away. […] Depending on the extent of your injury and treatment, it may take anywhere from three to 12 weeks to recover. […] A ruptured spleen is an emergency, whether it’s minor or severe. Any internal bleeding can be life-threatening if it isn’t managed.

• #1 Spontaneous splenic rupture: A rare life-threatening condition; Diagnosed early and managed successfully

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3614379/

  A CT scan is often essential to make the diagnosis and grade the splenic injury, although an ultrasound scan may be clinically useful. The most common finding on CT is splenomegaly with splenic lacerations and intraperitoneal or subcapsular bleeding. […] Conservative management is unlikely to succeed in grade IV splenic injury and there should be a low threshold for laparotomy if the patient remains haemodynamically unstable despite resuscitation.

• #1 Spleen injuries – Montreal Children’s Hospital

  https://montrealchildrenshospital.ca/spleen-injuries/

  Spleen injuries are graded according to the depth of the contusion or the laceration, from grade I (minor) to grade IV (shattering of the spleen). […] A child with an injured spleen may have some or all of the following signs and symptoms: Pain in the upper left side of the abdomen, Pain in the left shoulder caused by blood irritating the diaphragm, Broken ribs on the left side, Pale, sweaty skin, Rapid pulse, Light-headedness. […] Most children with a spleen injury are successfully treated without an operation. If the spleen is however removed, your child will need antibiotics and immunization against common bacteria.

• #1 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20354326

  An enlarged spleen typically causes no signs or symptoms, but sometimes it causes: […] Pain or fullness in the left upper belly that can spread to the left shoulder […] A feeling of fullness without eating or after eating a small amount because the spleen is pressing on your stomach […] Low red blood cells (anemia) […] Frequent infections […] Bleeding easily […] Even healthy spleens are soft and easily damaged, especially in car crashes. The possibility of rupture is much greater when your spleen is enlarged. A ruptured spleen can cause life-threatening bleeding in your belly.

• #1 Cary Gastroenterology Associates | What Happens if a Spleen Ruptures?

  https://www.carygastro.com/blog/what-happens-if-a-spleen-ruptures

  Its worth noting that it is also possible to experience a spontaneous splenic rupture without any specific spleen injury. In these rare cases, it is usually an underlying condition that weakens the spleen or the blood vessels within it. Examples of problems that can cause this include infections, blood disorders, liver disease, or some autoimmune diseases. As rare as it is, however, it represents a medical emergency that requires rapid treatment.

• #1 The Medical Minute: Infectious Mononucleosis: Know the Risks – Penn State Health News

  https://pennstatehealthnews.org/2019/04/the-medical-minute-infectious-mononucleosis-know-the-risks/

  Infectious mononucleosis, or mono, sidelines high school athletes every year. […] Instead, adolescent competitors are at a greater risk for one of the illnesss serious complications splenic rupture. […] Its rare occurring in less than 0.5 percent of patients but an infected athlete can rupture their spleen without warning within 21 days after symptoms begin, said Dr. Lindsay Lafferty, a primary care sports medicine physician at Penn State Health. […] The rate declines after four weeks, but ruptures have occurred up to eight weeks after an athlete first notices symptoms. […] Lafferty said its also challenging to determine whether a spleen may rupture. […] Without a baseline measurement, imaging cant accurately determine if a spleen is enlarged or in danger of rupture. […] Physical examination of spleen size identifies as few as 17 percent of cases, so deciding when the time is right for a student athlete to return to play can be complex, she said.

• #1 Splenic Rupture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525951/

  Evaluation for splenic injury is therefore warranted if left lower rib fractures are identified. Up to 20% of adults with left lower rib fractures may have a subsequent splenic injury. […] A splenic injury may not always be clinically apparent, and spontaneous splenic rupture or pathologic splenic rupture can occur after negligible trauma or insignificant events. […] Treatment is dependent on the severity and etiology of rupture, as well as the hemodynamic stability of the patient. […] Non-operative treatment is attempted in 60% to 90% of patients with blunt traumatic splenic injuries out of a desire to preserve splenic function. […] Exploratory laparotomy is, however, indicated if continuing hemodynamic instability or if the patient has required more than 4 units of blood during a 48-hour period. […] A patient with splenic rupture may change in status from stable to unstable over the course of 24 to 48 hours. Thus these patients should be should be observed in the hospital.

• #1 Pediatric Injured Spleen | Memorial Hermann

  https://memorialhermann.org/services/conditions/pediatric-injured-spleen

  An injured spleen causes hemorrhage (bleeding). The signs and symptoms of an injured spleen include abdominal pain, guarding (holding a hand over the area), tenderness in the upper left part of the abdomen, left shoulder pain and signs of shock and blood loss. This can be a major life threatening event. Diagnosis is usually made by a CT Scan. […] The Pediatric Surgery Team will be watching your child’s lab results carefully to determine if the spleen continues to bleed. The lab results that will be most important are your child’s hemoglobin (main component of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body) and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in blood). This blood test result may drop within the first 24 hours and then begin to resolve. […] If the spleen continues to bleed, surgery to repair or remove the spleen may be necessary.

• #1 Abdominal pain is a main manifestation of delayed bleeding after splenic injury in patients receiving non-operative management | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-24399-9

  Abdominal pain was the main early clinical presentation of delayed bleeding following discharge from the ICU or hospital. […] The clinical manifestations of delayed bleeding were a decline in haemoglobin levels (47.1%, 8/17), hypotension (35.3%, 6/17), tachycardia (47.1%, 8/17), new abdominal pain (29.4%, 5/17), and worsening abdominal pain (17.6%, 3/17). […] New abdominal pain was the main presentation (71.4%) when a bleeding episode occurred in the ward or at home. […] Recognising abdominal pain as one of the main presentations of delayed splenic bleeding is crucial for early diagnosis to avoid unfavourable outcomes. […] Delayed splenic bleeding is unpredictable and may occur within 4 weeks of the injury. The common clinical manifestations of delayed splenic bleeding include tachycardia, hypotension, a decline in haemoglobin levels, and abdominal pain.

• #1 Splenic Injury

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/GI/Spleen/SplncInjry.htm

  Left Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain. […] Sharp progressing to Dull Epigastric Abdominal Pain. […] Radiation to left Shoulder (Kehr Sign) or right Shoulder. […] Nausea. […] Vomiting. […] Hemodynamic instability if Hemorrhagic Shock. […] Left upper quadrant tenderness. […] Abdominal guarding and Rebound Tenderness. […] Hemoperitoneum findings (delayed presentation). […] Spleen expected to heal over 2 to 2.5 months.

• #1 Identification the Signs Ruptured Spleen from Car Accident

  https://pb-law.com/2022/06/22/recognizing-symptoms-of-a-ruptured-spleen-from-a-car-accident/

  If you suspect that youve suffered from a ruptured spleen, you need to seek medical attention immediately. […] If your spleen ruptures, youll likely experience a great deal of pain on the left side of your abdomen, and you may even suffer discomfort in other areas of your body, such as your left shoulder. Some additional ruptured spleen symptoms include: Confusion, Nausea, Blurred vision, Anxiety, Drop in blood pressure, Tender abdomen, Restlessness, Fainting, Vomiting, Appearing pale. […] The mortality rate for ruptured spleens is 1%, but those with a delayed diagnosis have a 10% mortality rate, so delaying treatment can have fatal consequences. […] Many people suffer splenic ruptures during car accidents, but collisions may also cause a delayed splenic rupture. This means that the rupture doesnt occur until days, weeks, or even months after the trauma to the abdomen.

• #1 Ruptured spleen: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192110

  Abdominal pain manShare on PinterestPain in the upper abdomen can be a sign of a ruptured spleen. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen are often accompanied by other signs of injury caused by blunt trauma to the abdomen. […] The location of the spleen means that injury to this organ can cause pain in the upper-left part of the abdomen. However, after a rupture, pain can occur in other locations, such as the left chest wall and shoulder. […] Pain felt in the left shoulder as a result of a ruptured spleen is known as Kehrs sign. This feels worse when the individual breathes in. A ruptured spleen can cause pain in the left shoulder because bleeding from the spleen may irritate the phrenic nerve, a nerve that originates in the neck and extends through the diaphragm. […] Abdominal tenderness is the most common sign of an injury inside the abdomen but is not specific to spleen injury. […] Other symptoms include: lightheadedness, confusion, blurred vision, fainting, signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness. […] These symptoms result from loss of blood and a drop in blood pressure.

• #1 Spleen problems and spleen removal

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spleen-problems-and-spleen-removal/

  A painful spleen […] This can be a sign of a damaged, ruptured or enlarged spleen. […] Signs of a ruptured spleen are: pain behind your left ribs and tenderness when you touch this area […] dizziness and a rapid heart rate (a sign of low blood pressure caused by blood loss). […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency, as it can cause life-threatening bleeding.

• #1 Ruptured Spleen: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ruptured-spleen

  A ruptured spleen is a life threatening medical emergency. It requires immediate medical attention. […] A ruptured spleen occurs when theres a break or tear on the spleens surface. […] Symptoms of a ruptured spleen include: pain in the upper left abdomen, tenderness in the upper left abdomen, especially when pressed, left shoulder pain, especially if youve experienced no obvious trauma (Kehrs sign), lightheadedness or dizziness, confusion. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen may not be obvious until significant internal bleeding has already occurred. […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. You should seek immediate medical attention if you have symptoms of a ruptured spleen. […] Even if you dont have signs or symptoms of internal bleeding, your condition could change quickly. You could go from being stable to gravely ill in a matter of 24 to 48 hours if a ruptured spleen is not properly treated.

• #1 Liver and spleen injuries

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Liver_and_spleen_injuries/

  Your child might: […] complain of stomach or shoulder pain, which would be on the right side of their tummy for a liver injury and the left side of their tummy for a splenic injury […] feel light headed and dizzy […] appear pale and lethargic. […] Even though the chance of the liver or spleen bleeding again is low, it is important to look for signs of bleeding which include: […] a recurrence of pain […] shortness of breath […] dizziness, fainting, lethargy, a pale appearance.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abq5896

  A spleen injury can cause bleeding inside your body. Bruising and cuts on the spleen can cause swelling and pain in the upper left part of the chest or shoulder. […] If you notice any problems or new symptoms, get medical treatment right away. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #2 Ruptured spleen // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/ruptured-spleen

  Signs and symptoms of a ruptured spleen include: Pain in the upper left stomach. Tenderness when you touch the upper left stomach. Left shoulder pain. Confusion, lightheadedness or dizziness. […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. Seek emergency care after an injury if your signs and symptoms indicate that you may have a ruptured spleen. […] A ruptured spleen can cause life-threatening bleeding into your stomach cavity.

• #2 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.health.com/ruptured-spleen-8638583

  A ruptured spleen, or splenic rupture, is when the spleen tears open. […] As the spleen bleeds into the abdominal cavity, you may experience pain in your upper left abdomen that radiates to your left shoulder. Your belly may also be visibly swollen as blood collects in your abdomen. […] The most common symptom of a ruptured spleen is moderate-to-severe pain in the upper left abdomen behind the ribs. The pain may radiate to the left shoulder blade, and some people also experience left-sided chest pain. Your belly may feel tender when touched and appear swollen. […] Symptoms of splenic rupture often develop suddenly following a blow to the stomach, but in some cases, it can take up to 10 days after an injury for symptoms to appear. […] If you lose a lot of blood, you may also experience hypovolemic shock, an emergency when your body loses too much blood. Symptoms of hypovolemic shock include: Lightheadedness, Blurred vision, Confusion, Anxiety or agitation, Sweating, Cool, clammy skin, Weakness, Rapid breathing, Fainting (loss of consciousness).

• #2 Ruptured spleen: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/192110

  Abdominal pain manShare on PinterestPain in the upper abdomen can be a sign of a ruptured spleen. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen are often accompanied by other signs of injury caused by blunt trauma to the abdomen. […] The location of the spleen means that injury to this organ can cause pain in the upper-left part of the abdomen. However, after a rupture, pain can occur in other locations, such as the left chest wall and shoulder. […] Pain felt in the left shoulder as a result of a ruptured spleen is known as Kehrs sign. This feels worse when the individual breathes in. A ruptured spleen can cause pain in the left shoulder because bleeding from the spleen may irritate the phrenic nerve, a nerve that originates in the neck and extends through the diaphragm. […] Abdominal tenderness is the most common sign of an injury inside the abdomen but is not specific to spleen injury. […] Other symptoms include: lightheadedness, confusion, blurred vision, fainting, signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness. […] These symptoms result from loss of blood and a drop in blood pressure.

• #2 Ruptured spleen – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/ruptured-spleen/

  Symptoms of a ruptured spleen include: Pain in the upper left portion of the abdomen; Tenderness when you touch the upper left portion of the abdomen; Lightheadedness; Confusion; Drop of the blood pressure due to the internal bleeding; Blurred vision; Signs of shock, including restlessness, anxiety, nausea, and paleness. […] In minor injuries with little bleeding, there may be abdominal pain, tenderness in the epigastrium and pain in the left flank. Often there is also a sharp pain in the left shoulder, known as the Kehr’s sign. In larger injuries with more extensive bleeding, signs of hypovolemic shock are most prominent. This might include a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, paleness and anxiety. The severity and even the location of the pain depend on how badly the spleen has ruptured and how much blood leaks out. Pain may be felt in these locations: Left side of the abdomen under the rib cage […] Left shoulder, because nerves of the left shoulder and left side of the diaphragm originate from the same location and the rupture may irritate these nerves.

• #2 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes, and How It’s Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/ruptured-spleen-overview-4584827

  In trauma with an injury to the abdomen, the most common symptoms of a ruptured spleen are pain and tenderness of the abdomen, particularly on the left upper quadrant. […] As blood enters the abdominal cavity, it can lead to a symptom known as referred pain. This is pain that you feel somewhere other than where the injury is located. […] In the case of a ruptured spleen, the most common referred pain is felt in the left shoulder or left side of the chest wall. […] Since the spleen is so rich with blood flow, bleeding from a rupture can be significant. If left untreated, bleeding from a ruptured spleen can very quickly lead to hypovolemia (when the plasma portion of the blood is too low) and shock (a medical condition that decreases blood flow to the brain). […] As the circulatory system struggles to get blood to important areas such as the brain, symptoms may include sweating, lightheadedness, fatigue, confusion, and eventually unconsciousness. […] Pain and tenderness of the abdomen are typical early symptoms. As blood enters the abdominal cavity, it can lead to referred pain or progress to hypovolemia or shock. Getting an early diagnosis is important, regardless of whether the treatment will require surgery or not.

• #2 Ruptured spleen (ruptured spleen) – USZ

  https://www.usz.ch/en/disease/ruptured-spleen/

  A ruptured spleen is an emergency in which doctors must act quickly! This is because life-threatening bleeding can occur in the abdomen, which must be stopped quickly. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen depend on whether the rupture is unilateral or bilateral. In a one-stage rupture of the spleen, both the capsule and the tissue of the spleen rupture and bleeding into the abdominal cavity occurs. The symptoms depend on the amount of blood loss. The following complaints may occur: Mild to severe pain, especially pressure pain in the left upper abdomen. However, the pain can radiate to other parts of the body, such as the left shoulder (so-called Kehrs sign). Pressure pain on the left side of the neck is also possible (so-called Saegessers sign). […] In a two-stage splenic rupture, the capsule initially remains intact and only the tissue of the spleen is damaged. Those affected therefore experience no or only mild symptoms immediately after the trauma. Only hours, days or weeks later does the capsule of the spleen also rupture and the symptoms set in: Pain in the left upper abdomen, sudden symptoms of shock up to and including collapse and cardiovascular arrest. […] A ruptured spleen is always an emergency. Doctors must treat this immediately to avoid life-threatening consequences.

• #2 Splenic injury – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic_injury

  A splenic injury, which includes a ruptured spleen, is any injury to the spleen. The rupture of a normal spleen can be caused by trauma, such as a traffic collision. […] In minor injuries with little bleeding, there may be abdominal pain, tenderness in the epigastrium and pain in the left flank. Often there is a sharp pain in the left shoulder, known as Kehr’s sign. In larger injuries with more extensive bleeding, signs of hypovolemic shock are most prominent. This might include a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, rapid breathing, and paleness. […] Because a splenic rupture permits large amounts of blood to leak into the abdominal cavity, it can result in shock and death. Generally a nonoperative approach is chosen in those who are hemodynamically stable with non-worsening symptoms. During this period of nonoperative management strict bed rest between 24 and 72 hours with careful monitoring along with a CT seven days after the injury.

• #2 Spleen problems and spleen removal

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spleen-problems-and-spleen-removal/

  A painful spleen […] This can be a sign of a damaged, ruptured or enlarged spleen. […] Signs of a ruptured spleen are: pain behind your left ribs and tenderness when you touch this area […] dizziness and a rapid heart rate (a sign of low blood pressure caused by blood loss). […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency, as it can cause life-threatening bleeding.

• #2 Ruptured Spleen: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Recovery

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ruptured-spleen

  A ruptured spleen is a life threatening medical emergency. It requires immediate medical attention. […] A ruptured spleen occurs when theres a break or tear on the spleens surface. […] Symptoms of a ruptured spleen include: pain in the upper left abdomen, tenderness in the upper left abdomen, especially when pressed, left shoulder pain, especially if youve experienced no obvious trauma (Kehrs sign), lightheadedness or dizziness, confusion. […] The symptoms of a ruptured spleen may not be obvious until significant internal bleeding has already occurred. […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. You should seek immediate medical attention if you have symptoms of a ruptured spleen. […] Even if you dont have signs or symptoms of internal bleeding, your condition could change quickly. You could go from being stable to gravely ill in a matter of 24 to 48 hours if a ruptured spleen is not properly treated.

• #2 Rupture of Spleen | ChemoExperts

  https://www.chemoexperts.com/rupture-of-spleen.html

  The symptoms of a ruptured spleen may include pain or tenderness in the upper left side of the abdomen, shoulder pain, lightheadedness or dizziness, fainting, confusion, or blurred vision. In some cases, there may also be signs of shock, such as rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, pale skin, or cold and clammy skin. […] Treatment for a ruptured spleen depends on the severity of the condition. Sever injuries will usually require immediate surgery. If the injury is small to moderate it might be able to heal on its own while you are monitored in the hospital or your physician may order a non-surgical procedure, known as an embolization, to help minimize the blood loss from the spleen. If surgery is required, the surgeon might try to repair the spleen (splenorrhaphy) or they may need to remove part or all of the spleen (partial or total splenectomy).

• #2 Ruptured spleen: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Cost

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/ruptured-spleen

  Sudden and severe abdominal pain: A ruptured spleen usually causes sudden and severe abdominal pain, especially in the left upper side of the abdomen. […] Pain in the left shoulder: The pain may also radiate to the left shoulder and often worsens with deep breaths or movement. […] Abdominal tenderness: The area around the spleen may be tender to the touch. This is due to internal bleeding that occurs when the spleen ruptures. […] Nausea and/or vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of a ruptured spleen. […] Lightheadedness: Lightheadedness can occur due to a sudden drop in blood pressure as a result of internal bleeding from a ruptured spleen. […] Shortness of breath: As blood pressure continues to drop, a person with a ruptured spleen may experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. […] Fainting or passing out: If a person’s blood pressure drops too low, they may faint or pass out as their body struggles to maintain an adequate supply of oxygen to their brain and other organs.

• #2 Ruptured Spleen : Symptoms,Treatment and Recovery Time – VIMS

  https://vims.ac.in/vims-hospital/ruptured-spleen-symptomstreatment-and-recovery-time/

  The occurrence of signs of a ruptured spleen varies in duration depending on the intensity of the injury. The key symptoms are intense pain in the left abdomen region and the left shoulder. Variations in blood pressure cause other symptoms of the spleen injury, including the delayed symptoms because of the rupturing. […] Nausea […] Blurred Vision […] Confusion […] Anxiety […] Paleness […] Fainting […] Rapid heart rate […] Tenderness in the area. […] Complete recovery usually takes weeks, and often months, based on the age of the patient as well. If the condition is identified early, then the survival rate of patients with the ruptured spleen is high. In case of late diagnosis, there are complications associated with the treatment.

• #2 What is a Ruptured Spleen? Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/what-is-a-ruptured-spleen-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  The signs and symptoms of a ruptured spleen include upper left abdomen tenderness, pain in the left upper abdomen, and left shoulder pain. Blood loss can lead to low blood pressure, dizziness, and confusion. […] A spleen rupture can cause death. A ruptured spleen occurs when there is a tear or break in the organ’s surface. This is a medical emergency that requires treatment in the hospital, including surgical intervention in some cases. Without emergency treatment, the internal bleeding caused by a ruptured spleen can be fatal. […] You can survive a ruptured spleen provided you get emergency medical care and immediate surgery, if needed. […] Some studies have shown that over 80% of victims die immediately if they do not receive emergency medical or surgical treatment for a ruptured spleen. Death can also occur after hospitalization and treatment of a ruptured spleen due to severe blood loss and other complications.

• #2 What Is A Ruptured Spleen: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.coloradobariatric.com/what-is-a-ruptured-spleen-causes-symptoms-treatment/

  A ruptured spleen can be caused by a variety of factors, including: […] Symptoms of spleen injury can vary in severity depending on the extent of damage to the organ. The most commonly reported symptom is abdominal pain, typically localized to the left side of the abdomen and left shoulder. The intensity of pain can range from mild to severe and may worsen with deep breathing or movement. […] Other signs and symptoms to look out for include: tenderness: the area around the spleen, typically the upper left abdomen, may feel tender to the touch […] nausea and vomiting: a splenic rupture may cause nausea and vomiting, especially if the injury is severe […] low blood pressure: a ruptured spleen can cause a drop in blood pressure due to losing blood, which can lead to dizziness, confusion, fainting, and even shock […] rapid heartbeat: a rapid heartbeat may occur as the body tries to compensate for the reduced blood flow […] paleness: the skin may become pale due to reduced blood flow […] fatigue: spleen injury may also cause fatigue, weakness, and lethargy for some patients.

• #2 Identification the Signs Ruptured Spleen from Car Accident

  https://pb-law.com/2022/06/22/recognizing-symptoms-of-a-ruptured-spleen-from-a-car-accident/

  If you suspect that youve suffered from a ruptured spleen, you need to seek medical attention immediately. […] If your spleen ruptures, youll likely experience a great deal of pain on the left side of your abdomen, and you may even suffer discomfort in other areas of your body, such as your left shoulder. Some additional ruptured spleen symptoms include: Confusion, Nausea, Blurred vision, Anxiety, Drop in blood pressure, Tender abdomen, Restlessness, Fainting, Vomiting, Appearing pale. […] The mortality rate for ruptured spleens is 1%, but those with a delayed diagnosis have a 10% mortality rate, so delaying treatment can have fatal consequences. […] Many people suffer splenic ruptures during car accidents, but collisions may also cause a delayed splenic rupture. This means that the rupture doesnt occur until days, weeks, or even months after the trauma to the abdomen.

• #2 Spleen injuries – Montreal Children’s Hospital

  https://montrealchildrenshospital.ca/spleen-injuries/

  Spleen injuries are graded according to the depth of the contusion or the laceration, from grade I (minor) to grade IV (shattering of the spleen). […] A child with an injured spleen may have some or all of the following signs and symptoms: Pain in the upper left side of the abdomen, Pain in the left shoulder caused by blood irritating the diaphragm, Broken ribs on the left side, Pale, sweaty skin, Rapid pulse, Light-headedness. […] Most children with a spleen injury are successfully treated without an operation. If the spleen is however removed, your child will need antibiotics and immunization against common bacteria.

• #2 Splenic Rupture – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/hpb/spleen/splenic-rupture/

  The spleen is an extremely vascular organ and consequently splenic rupture can lead to large intraperitoneal haemorrhage, rapidly leading to fatal haemorrhagic shock. […] Patients may complain of abdominal pain, however a proportion will only present with the clinical features of hypovolaemic shock. Only work-up imaging will confirm the diagnosis. […] Patients who are haemodynamically unstable with peritonism following trauma have abdominal bleeding until proven otherwise and require immediate laparotomy. […] The overall mortality rates of patients presenting to hospital with trauma splenic injury are around 10%. […] Any patient with a history of collapse or trauma with left-sided abdominal pain should be considered to have a splenic rupture until proven otherwise. […] Patients who are haemodynamically unstable with peritonism have abdominal bleeding until proven otherwise and require immediate laparotomy.

• #2 Spontaneous splenic rupture: A rare life-threatening condition; Diagnosed early and managed successfully

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3614379/

  A CT scan is often essential to make the diagnosis and grade the splenic injury, although an ultrasound scan may be clinically useful. The most common finding on CT is splenomegaly with splenic lacerations and intraperitoneal or subcapsular bleeding. […] Conservative management is unlikely to succeed in grade IV splenic injury and there should be a low threshold for laparotomy if the patient remains haemodynamically unstable despite resuscitation.

• #2 Cary Gastroenterology Associates | What Happens if a Spleen Ruptures?

  https://www.carygastro.com/blog/what-happens-if-a-spleen-ruptures

  Its worth noting that it is also possible to experience a spontaneous splenic rupture without any specific spleen injury. In these rare cases, it is usually an underlying condition that weakens the spleen or the blood vessels within it. Examples of problems that can cause this include infections, blood disorders, liver disease, or some autoimmune diseases. As rare as it is, however, it represents a medical emergency that requires rapid treatment.

• #2 Sacramento Ruptured Spleen Lawyer

  https://autoaccident.com/ruptured-spleen/

  A medical emergency that may occur because of a break in the surface of the spleen is considered a ruptured spleen. This organ is part of the lymphatic system. It is responsible for filtering old blood cells from the bloodstream and helping the body fight infection. Some of the common causes of splenic ruptures are an enlarged spleen due to underlying issues such as blood cancers, liver disease, mononucleosis, and other types of infections. Conversely, a spleen may also rupture because of blunt force trauma to the left lower chest or the left upper abdomen through a traffic collision or a sports-related accident. In either of these situations, emergency medical treatment is necessary to address potential complications such as bleeding into the abdominal cavity. […] A ruptured spleen after a car accident may be life-threatening if left untreated.

• #2 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17829-enlarged-spleen

  An enlarged spleen is a symptom of many different conditions, some more serious than others. […] If an enlarged spleen goes untreated for a long time, it could eventually begin to malfunction. In rare cases, a severely enlarged spleen could rupture, which could cause internal bleeding. […] A ruptured spleen can be life-threatening. […] An enlarged spleen is more vulnerable to rupture. It’s best to avoid high-contact sports. […] If you notice increased pain in the area of your spleen or your left shoulder, especially if it’s worse when you breathe in, seek medical attention right away. A rupture is more likely to happen after an impact to your abdomen, but sometimes it happens by itself. Even a small rupture and a slow bleed can suddenly become urgent if it isnt treated in time.

• #2 Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://ej-med.org/index.php/ejmed/article/view/2147

  Non-traumatic ruptures of the spleen are rare, difficult to diagnose and potentially fatal. Symptoms are usually acute, but progressive forms are also possible. […] Mortality is high (around 20%), resulting from both pre-diagnostic and post-operative deaths, probably favored by a delay in management and/or the severity of the underlying pathology. […] The diagnosis of splenic rupture is challenging. It may be revealed by a left upper quadrant pain and hemodynamic instability. Left shoulder-tip pain resulting from diaphragmatic irritation (Kehrs sign) is reported in approximately 50% of cases. […] Management of SSR primarily depends on the patients hemodynamic stability. The decision to perform a splenectomy, as opposed to spleen-preserving procedures, is guided by the hemodynamic condition of the patient. […] Spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare entity whose diagnosis is difficult in the absence of a traumatic context and can be life-threatening.

• #2 Splenic Ruptures: What Athletes Need to Know | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/splenic-ruptures-what-athletes-need-know

  A ruptured spleen is most often from a direct blow to the abdomen which means there is always a risk for this to occur with contact sports such as football and soccer. […] Most commonly an athlete will complain of pain in the stomach and often worse on the left side. It may hurt worse to move. An athlete may also complain of pain in the left or right shoulder which is called “referred pain” and you can sometimes see bruising around the belly button or on the left side of the abdomen from the bleeding spleen. […] When the spleen is larger than normal it can actually rupture on its own without trauma. There is still some debate about when it is safe to return to contact sports but the biggest risk for a ruptured spleen is in the first 3 to 7 weeks of illness.

• #2 Spleen Injuries | Conditions | UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/spleen-injuries

  An injured spleen causes hemorrhage (bleeding). The signs and symptoms of an injured spleen include abdominal pain, guarding (holding a hand over the area), tenderness in the upper left part of the abdomen, left shoulder pain and signs of shock and blood loss. This can be a major life threatening event. Diagnosis is usually made by a CT scan, also known as a CAT scan, which is a specialized X-ray test. […] The most significant lab results are your child’s hemoglobin (main component of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body) and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in blood). The results of this blood test may drop within the first 24 hours and then begin to resolve. […] If the spleen continues to bleed, surgery may be necessary to repair or remove the spleen. A splenectomy is an operation to remove the spleen. If the spleen is removed, the body is equipped to take over the functions of the spleen with the liver and lymphatic system, but because the spleen plays a role in immunity against bacterial infections, there is a slight increase in infection problems.

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abq5896

  A spleen injury can cause bleeding inside your body. Bruising and cuts on the spleen can cause swelling and pain in the upper left part of the chest or shoulder. […] If you notice any problems or new symptoms, get medical treatment right away. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #2 Ruptured Spleen Signs & Symptoms | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/ruptured-spleen

  There are several symptoms of a ruptured spleen. Symptoms may include: […] Pain in the upper left abdomen […] Pain that radiates up to the left shoulder […] Tenderness in the abdomen […] Confusion […] Lightheadedness or dizziness […] Blurred vision […] Paleness […] Restlessness […] Anxiety […] Nausea. […] Recovery time depends on the severity of the rupture. Ruptured spleens can take between 3-12 weeks.

• #2 Splenic Rupture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525951/

  The spleen is the visceral organ most frequently injured in blunt abdominal trauma. Trauma is also the most common cause of a ruptured spleen. […] In patients who experience non-traumatic splenic rupture, 7% are due to idiopathic causes, with the remaining 93% attributed to pathological causes. […] Non-traumatic splenic rupture is very uncommon, though can be related to underlying pathologic conditions or may be idiopathic. However, non-traumatic rupture, when it does happen, carries a mortality of around 12%. […] The absence of substantial trauma cannot exclude the possibility of splenic injury, as individuals with a history of splenomegaly require less force for traumatic rupture. […] Severally ill patients may present with hypovolemic shock manifesting as tachycardia, hypotension, and pallor. Other findings include tenderness to palpation in the left upper quadrant, generalized peritonitis, or referred pain to the left shoulder (Kehr sign).

• #2 The Symptoms and Causes of a Ruptured Spleen – The Thistle Law Firm

  https://thistlelaw.com/the-symptoms-and-causes-of-a-ruptured-spleen/

  The most common and clear symptom of a ruptured spleen is severe pain in the left side of your abdomen. However, pain from a ruptured spleen can sometimes be felt all the way up in the left shoulder, making breathing difficult or painful. […] Pain high in the shoulder from a ruptured spleen can occur because a ruptured spleen may cause internal bleeding that irritates the phrenic nerve, a nerve that starts in the neck and runs through the diaphragm. When this occurs, it’s called Kehr’s sign. […] Yes, a ruptured spleen typically causes pain immediately. The pain is usually in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under the left ribcage and diaphragm. The pain may be sharp or dull, and it may be severe or mild. […] Sometimes, the pain from a ruptured spleen may be felt in the left shoulder or back. That is because the spleen shares nerve fibers with these areas of the body.

• #2 Understanding a Bruised Spleen | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/understanding-bruised-spleen

  You may feel pain and soreness in the upper left part of your belly. You may also feel pain in the left side of your chest, under your left ribs, or in your left shoulder. In some cases, you may have bruised skin over the injured area. The abdomen may swell. In severe cases, you may have signs of shock. These include change in alertness and low blood pressure. […] Burst (ruptured) spleen. […] Call 911 right away if you have signs of shock. These include: Pale skin, Rapid pulse, Shallow breathing, Dizziness, Fainting, Confusion.

• #2 Splenic Rupture: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/432823-overview

  Although protected under the bony ribcage, the spleen remains the most commonly affected organ in blunt injury to the abdomen in all age groups. […] The clinical presentation of splenic injury is highly variable. Most patients with minor focal injury to the spleen complain of left upper quadrant abdominal tenderness. Left shoulder tenderness may also be present as a result of subdiaphragmatic nerve root irritation with referred pain. […] With free intraperitoneal blood, diffuse abdominal pain, peritoneal irritation, and rebound tenderness are more likely. If the intra-abdominal bleeding exceeds 5-10% of blood volume, clinical signs of early shock may manifest. Signs include tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, and anxiety. […] Hypotension in a patient with a suspected splenic injury, especially if young and previously healthy, is a grave sign and a surgical emergency. This should prompt immediate evaluation and intervention either in the OR or interventional radiology if a state of compensated shock can be maintained.

• #3 Symptoms of a Ruptured Spleen and When to Seek Help

  https://www.healthline.com/health/symptoms-of-a-ruptured-spleen

  Symptoms of a ruptured spleen depend on how damaged the spleen is. They may include: pain across your abdomen, tenderness in the upper left portion of your abdomen, low blood pressure, Kehr’s sign, which is pain that radiates upward to the left shoulder, confusion or changes in your mental state, blurred vision, fast heart rate, paler skin than usual, weakness, intolerance for cold. […] About 20% of people with a spleen injury also have left lower rib fractures. If you have such a fracture, you may also have a ruptured spleen, even if you don’t have any other symptoms. […] Most children with a spleen injury will have pain in the upper left side of their abdomen. They’re also likely to have pain in their left shoulder. […] Some symptoms may suggest that there is internal bleeding. These include: paler skin than usual, weak pulse, lightheadedness.

• #3 Splenic Rupture – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525951/

  The spleen is the visceral organ most frequently injured in blunt abdominal trauma. Trauma is also the most common cause of a ruptured spleen. […] In patients who experience non-traumatic splenic rupture, 7% are due to idiopathic causes, with the remaining 93% attributed to pathological causes. […] Non-traumatic splenic rupture is very uncommon, though can be related to underlying pathologic conditions or may be idiopathic. However, non-traumatic rupture, when it does happen, carries a mortality of around 12%. […] The absence of substantial trauma cannot exclude the possibility of splenic injury, as individuals with a history of splenomegaly require less force for traumatic rupture. […] Severally ill patients may present with hypovolemic shock manifesting as tachycardia, hypotension, and pallor. Other findings include tenderness to palpation in the left upper quadrant, generalized peritonitis, or referred pain to the left shoulder (Kehr sign).

• #3 The Symptoms and Causes of a Ruptured Spleen – The Thistle Law Firm

  https://thistlelaw.com/the-symptoms-and-causes-of-a-ruptured-spleen/

  The most common and clear symptom of a ruptured spleen is severe pain in the left side of your abdomen. However, pain from a ruptured spleen can sometimes be felt all the way up in the left shoulder, making breathing difficult or painful. […] Pain high in the shoulder from a ruptured spleen can occur because a ruptured spleen may cause internal bleeding that irritates the phrenic nerve, a nerve that starts in the neck and runs through the diaphragm. When this occurs, it’s called Kehr’s sign. […] Yes, a ruptured spleen typically causes pain immediately. The pain is usually in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under the left ribcage and diaphragm. The pain may be sharp or dull, and it may be severe or mild. […] Sometimes, the pain from a ruptured spleen may be felt in the left shoulder or back. That is because the spleen shares nerve fibers with these areas of the body.

• #3 Ruptured spleen: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.globaldigitalclinic.com/health/ruptured-spleen-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Clinical signs of splenic injury are symptoms of hypovolemia and hemoperitoneum. […] Hypovolemia is a reduction in the volume of circulating blood in the body. […] Symptoms of hypovolemia: sweating, pale skin, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, weakness, anxiety, confusion, disturbance of consciousness. […] Hemoperitoneum is a type of internal bleeding, which means that blood accumulates in the peritoneal cavity.

• #3 Symptoms of a Ruptured Spleen and When to Seek Help

  https://www.healthline.com/health/symptoms-of-a-ruptured-spleen

  A ruptured spleen can result in significant blood loss that can lead to death without treatment. If you suspect you have a ruptured spleen, call 911 or local emergency services to get immediate help. […] Symptoms will start based on the severity of the spleen rupture. If your rupture results in significant injury, you will experience symptoms very quickly. […] In rare instances, the spleen may rupture more than 48 hours after the injury occurs. This is called delayed splenic rupture. […] The spleen’s ability to heal often depends on how severe the injury is and where it is. Many people can recover without surgery. […] A ruptured spleen is a serious and potentially life threatening occurrence. It’s usually due to abdominal injury. Doctors attempt non-operative management when possible to avoid increasing your risk of later infection. […] It’s important not to ignore abdominal symptoms and pain if you experience an accident. They could indicate a spleen rupture or laceration. Pain in your upper left abdomen and left shoulder are the most common symptoms.

• #3 Spleen Injury – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/spleen-injury

  An injured or ruptured spleen can make the abdomen painful and tender. Blood in the abdomen acts as an irritant and causes pain. The pain begins in the left side of the abdomen just below the rib cage and sometimes in the left shoulder. The abdominal muscles contract reflexively and feel rigid, and the pain can spread throughout the abdomen. If enough blood leaks out, blood pressure falls and people feel light-headed, have blurred vision and confusion, and lose consciousness (faint). […] The amount of bleeding depends on the size of the injury. A hematoma of the spleen does not bleed into the abdomen at first but may rupture and bleed in the first few days after injury, although rupture sometimes does not occur for weeks or months.

• #3 Splenic Rupture: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/432823-overview

  The major determining factors in operative intervention in the stable patient with a splenic injury include grade of injury (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] scale), presence of intraperitoneal blood, presence of a blush on CT scan, calculated risk of rebleeding, presence and severity of concomitant injuries, and options regarding blood transfusion. […] Signs of persistent bleeding and hemodynamic instability unresponsive to fluid and blood administration are clear indications for surgery.

• #3 The Symptoms and Causes of a Ruptured Spleen – The Thistle Law Firm

  https://thistlelaw.com/the-symptoms-and-causes-of-a-ruptured-spleen/

  A ruptured spleen may present immediately after a traumatic event such as a car accident, but it may sometimes not appear for days or weeks after the trauma. This is a situation known as “delayed splenic rupture”. […] Most ruptured spleens will require immediate surgery called a splenectomy, in which the surgeon will remove the entire spleen. […] For those with a minor splenic rupture, the medical team should keep the patient under strict observation, usually in conjunction with active treatment and possible blood transfusions. […] Most people who experience a ruptured spleen can expect to recover within 3 to 12 weeks. However, some people may take longer to heal, especially if they have had surgery.

• #3 Splenic Rupture – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/hpb/spleen/splenic-rupture/

  The spleen is an extremely vascular organ and consequently splenic rupture can lead to large intraperitoneal haemorrhage, rapidly leading to fatal haemorrhagic shock. […] Patients may complain of abdominal pain, however a proportion will only present with the clinical features of hypovolaemic shock. Only work-up imaging will confirm the diagnosis. […] Patients who are haemodynamically unstable with peritonism following trauma have abdominal bleeding until proven otherwise and require immediate laparotomy. […] The overall mortality rates of patients presenting to hospital with trauma splenic injury are around 10%. […] Any patient with a history of collapse or trauma with left-sided abdominal pain should be considered to have a splenic rupture until proven otherwise. […] Patients who are haemodynamically unstable with peritonism have abdominal bleeding until proven otherwise and require immediate laparotomy.

• #3 Ruptured Spleen: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/corporate/diseases-and-conditions/what-is-a-ruptured-spleen-what-are-the-symptoms-of-ruptured-spleen/

  A ruptured spleen causes pain in the area along with symptoms of blood loss. The main symptoms are: […] Dizziness […] Confusion […] Fainting […] Lightheadedness […] Anxiety and restlessness […] Pain in the left shoulder […] Pain and tenderness at the upper left abdomen or below the left rib cage. […] A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency. Therefore, if you suspect a ruptured or injured spleen, you should seek emergency care. […] A ruptured spleen causes excessive blood loss in the abdominal cavity; therefore, a doctor may check for blood/fluids in the abdomen. […] No, it is unlikely for a ruptured spleen to go unnoticed. It causes severe pain and tenderness in the left upper abdomen. The blood loss also causes noticeable symptoms like lightheadedness, dizziness, and confusion.

• #3 Recognizing Signs of Spleen Injuries and When to go to the ER | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/health-library/all/2017/02/recognizing-signs-of-spleen-injuries-and-when-go-er

  If you or your young athlete experiences abdominal pain in the upper left side after a collision, seeking immediate medical attention can be crucial. […] The concern there is the spleen is an organ that is very prone to injury, and it can get injured, it can tear, and the vessels in there can tear. And there’s so much blood that runs through that organ that if it tears, and if it starts bleeding out, the person can bleed out really quickly, and it can be a life-threatening injury. […] They really need to get into the ER, because I have actually seen cases of people who have died from spleen injuries, people who have had, for whatever reason, car accident, or they were hit there, spleen ruptures and it bleeds out very quickly, and they lose all that blood into their abdomen. […] Spleen injuries, you’re going to continue to have pain there.

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