Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #2 What Is Acute Myeloid Leukemia? | Deeper Than MDS

  https://www.deeperthanmds.com/understanding-aml/what-is-aml

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults and accounts for more deaths from leukemia annually than any other type of leukemia. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) estimates that in 2023, the rate of new cases of AML will be ~4.1 per 100,000 men and women. […] The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) notes that as the population ages, the incidence of AML along with MDS is rising.

• #3 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Cardiac testing […] Echocardiogram every 2 years […] Electrocardiogram baseline and every 2 years […] MUGA Scan (Multi Gated Acquisition Scan, radionuclide angiography) every 5 years […] Holter Monitor every 5 years.

• #4 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #5 Leukemia Statistics — Leukemia Research Foundation

  https://leukemiarf.org/leukemia/statistics/

  Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare blood cancer, accounting for 1% of all new cancer cases. […] As of 2018 (most recent available), the five-year relative survival rate for acute myeloid leukemia is 31%. […] Source: All statistics are extracted from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

• #6 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as the most common subtype of leukemia in adults, is characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. In the context of the rapid development of medical technology and the complexity of social factors, a detailed report describing the latest epidemiological patterns of AML is important for decision makers to allocate healthcare resources effectively. […] According to our study, the incidence of AML has continued to rise globally from 79,372 in 1990 to 144,645 in 2021 and AML affected the male and the elderly populations disproportionately. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the burden of AML and the SDI value. Developed nations generally exhibited higher age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate than the developing nations.

• #7 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  The global burden of AML has increased over the past 32 years, with rising morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AML is differentially distributed across different SDI countries or regions. AML incidence is higher in the elderly and in men. The proportions of smoking, high body mass index, and occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde varied by region. […] The Global burden of disease (GBD) study is a seminal resource for comprehending the epidemiological landscape of various diseases, encompassing their prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). […] The incidence and mortality of AML were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10). […] The global incidence of AML increased from 79,372 in 1990 to 144,645 in 2021.

• #8 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #9 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #11 Orphanet: Acute myeloid leukemia

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/519

  A group of neoplasms arising from precursor cells committed to the myeloid cell-line differentiation. All of them are characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid blasts. They manifest by fever, pallor, anemia, hemorrhages and recurrent infections. […] Prevalence: 1-5 / 10 000. […] Annual incidence rate of AML is estimated to be 1/33,000-1/25,000 in Europe. […] Although, AML can occur at any age, it is typically a disease affecting elder people, usually more than 65 years. […] Prognosis varies widely according to cytogenetics, molecular findings, response to induction treatment and age, between others. Overall, long-term survivors account for 40% of young patients. For children less than 15 years, overall survival rates are 60-70%. Prognosis of elder patients is rather poor.

• #12 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. […] Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults but is rare in children. […] The rate of therapy-related Acute myeloid leukemia (that is, acute myeloid leukemia caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. […] In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by gender on 2011 is: In males: 4.97 per 100,000 persons; In females: 3.32 per 100,000 persons. […] There is some geographic variation in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania. […] Adult acute myeloid leukemia is more rare in Asian and Latin American countries.

• #13 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  There are around 2,900 new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s around 8 every day (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,300 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,600 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year around 4 in 10 (41%) of all new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have increased by more than a tenth (12%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by a tenth (10%), and rates in males have increased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019).

• #14 Acute myeloid leukemia statistics | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/statistics

  The most recent incidence statistics for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are from 2019: […] 1,160 Canadians were diagnosed with AML. […] 625 men were diagnosed with AML. […] 530 women were diagnosed with AML. […] The most recent mortality statistics for AML are from 2022: […] 1,286 Canadians died from AML. […] 719 men died from AML. […] 567 women died from AML.

• #15 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/leukaemia/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/

  Acute myeloid leukaemia is sometimes called acute myelocytic, myelogenous or granulocytic leukaemia. […] Each year in Australia around 900 people are diagnosed with AML. Overall AML is rare disease, accounting for 0.8% of all cancers diagnosed, at a rate of 3.7 per 100,000 of population. […] AML can occur at any age but is more common in adults over the age of 60. Around 50 children (0-14 years) are diagnosed with AML in Australia each year. It occurs more frequently in males than females.

• #16 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as the most common subtype of leukemia in adults, is characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. In the context of the rapid development of medical technology and the complexity of social factors, a detailed report describing the latest epidemiological patterns of AML is important for decision makers to allocate healthcare resources effectively. […] According to our study, the incidence of AML has continued to rise globally from 79,372 in 1990 to 144,645 in 2021 and AML affected the male and the elderly populations disproportionately. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the burden of AML and the SDI value. Developed nations generally exhibited higher age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized death rate, and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate than the developing nations.

• #17 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. […] From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region.

• #18 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #19 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #20 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  In 2015, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was approximately 6.5 per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of approximately 50% in the United States. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. Males are more commonly affected by acute myeloid leukemia than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.3 to 1. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is a relatively rare cancer. There are approximately 20,500 new cases each year in the United States, and the incidence rate has remained stable from 1995 through 2005. […] The case fatality rate of acute myeloid leukemia is approximately of 50% in the United States. […] In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.05 per 100,000 persons in the United States.

• #21 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Every 1-2 months for 2 years THEN […] Every 3-6 months for up to 5 years.

• #22 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a relatively rare cancer. There were 19,950 new cases in the United States in 2016. In 2018, AML accounted for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States. The incidence of AML increases with age and varies between countries. The median age when AML is diagnosed ranges between 63 and 71 years in the UK, Canada, Australia and Sweden, compared with 40 to 45 years in India, Brazil and Algeria. According to 2002 statistics, AML accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults and is rare in children. Based on data from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) Public Use Database for 2001-2017, the 2021 estimate for new cases of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are following: Total estimated cases for AML: 20,240. Total estimated cases for ALL: 5,690. Based on these estimates, AML is about 78% of the total cases. The rate of therapy-related AML (AML caused by previous chemotherapy) is expected to rise with an increase in the use of chemotherapy, an ageing population and more patients surviving their initial chemotherapy treatment; therapy-related disease accounts for just under 10% of all cases of AML. AML is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 to 1.4:1. Incidence is also seen to differ by ethnicity, with caucasians having higher recorded incidences and the lowest recorded incidences being in Pacific Islanders and native Alaskans. In the UK, AML accounts for 31% of all leukemia cases, and around 3,100 people were diagnosed with the disease each year in 2016-2018.

• #23 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  There are around 2,900 new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s around 8 every day (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,300 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,600 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year around 4 in 10 (41%) of all new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have increased by more than a tenth (12%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by a tenth (10%), and rates in males have increased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019).

• #24 Acute myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-myeloid-leukemia?lang=us

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also referred to as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of immature myeloid precursors (myeloblasts) or poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. It primary infiltrates the bone marrow, but the disease can also extend to blood and other tissues. […] It is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a median age of diagnosis at 70 years. The M:F rate varies from 1.1 in the 5th decade to about 1.8 in the 8th decade of life. […] Acute myeloid leukemia only accounts for ~20% of all childhood leukaemias, cf. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which represents ~80% of leukaemias at this age group. […] There is an ethnic component in the distribution of most types of acute myeloid leukemia, with a strong predominance among the white ethnicity group.

• #25 Epidemiology of Acute Leukemia among Children with Down Syndrome in Korea

  https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4143/crt.2021.368

  Among the 4,697 children with acute leukemia, 54 (1.1%) had DS. […] The median incidence rate of leukemia with DS by year was 1.3% (range, 0.2% to 2.0%). […] The DS group showed younger age at diagnosis than the non-DS group, and diagnosis of AML was more frequent in the DS group than in the non-DS group (3 years vs. 9 years, p 0.001; 66.7% vs. 32.4%, p 0.001, respectively). […] Among all the Koreans born between 2007 and 2008, the incidences of acute leukemia, ALL, and AML were 49.25, 20.75, and 163.38 times higher, respectively, in the DS group than in the non-DS group. […] Our findings support the fact that the incidence of acute leukemia is higher among patients with DS than among those without DS in Korea. […] The risk of acute leukemia for patients with DS has been reported to be 10 to 20 times higher than that for patients without DS.

• #26 Epidemiology of Acute Leukemia among Children with Down Syndrome in Korea

  https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4143/crt.2021.368

  It is estimated that acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) is particularly predominant among patients with DS, increasing the relative risk by 500 times compared to the general population. […] Moreover, patients with DS who are younger than 5 years old develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) more frequently than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). […] The incidence of acute leukemia was higher in the DS group than in the general population, a finding that is in accordance with those of previous studies. […] The exact mechanism by which trisomy 21 increases the incidence of leukemia has not been fully elucidated; however, this may be related to the gene dosage effect of the extra copy of chromosome 21. […] The results of the present study showed that the treatment outcome for AML was better in the DS group than in the non-DS group; however, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (87.5% vs. 75.4%, p=0.114).

• #27 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #28 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a relatively rare cancer. There were 19,950 new cases in the United States in 2016. In 2018, AML accounted for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States. The incidence of AML increases with age and varies between countries. The median age when AML is diagnosed ranges between 63 and 71 years in the UK, Canada, Australia and Sweden, compared with 40 to 45 years in India, Brazil and Algeria. According to 2002 statistics, AML accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults and is rare in children. Based on data from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) Public Use Database for 2001-2017, the 2021 estimate for new cases of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are following: Total estimated cases for AML: 20,240. Total estimated cases for ALL: 5,690. Based on these estimates, AML is about 78% of the total cases. The rate of therapy-related AML (AML caused by previous chemotherapy) is expected to rise with an increase in the use of chemotherapy, an ageing population and more patients surviving their initial chemotherapy treatment; therapy-related disease accounts for just under 10% of all cases of AML. AML is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 to 1.4:1. Incidence is also seen to differ by ethnicity, with caucasians having higher recorded incidences and the lowest recorded incidences being in Pacific Islanders and native Alaskans. In the UK, AML accounts for 31% of all leukemia cases, and around 3,100 people were diagnosed with the disease each year in 2016-2018.

• #29 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. […] Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults but is rare in children. […] The rate of therapy-related Acute myeloid leukemia (that is, acute myeloid leukemia caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. […] In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by gender on 2011 is: In males: 4.97 per 100,000 persons; In females: 3.32 per 100,000 persons. […] There is some geographic variation in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania. […] Adult acute myeloid leukemia is more rare in Asian and Latin American countries.

• #30 Acute myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-myeloid-leukemia?lang=us

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also referred to as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of immature myeloid precursors (myeloblasts) or poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. It primary infiltrates the bone marrow, but the disease can also extend to blood and other tissues. […] It is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a median age of diagnosis at 70 years. The M:F rate varies from 1.1 in the 5th decade to about 1.8 in the 8th decade of life. […] Acute myeloid leukemia only accounts for ~20% of all childhood leukaemias, cf. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which represents ~80% of leukaemias at this age group. […] There is an ethnic component in the distribution of most types of acute myeloid leukemia, with a strong predominance among the white ethnicity group.

• #31 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 63 years. […] Acute myeloid leukemia accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults but is rare in children. […] The rate of therapy-related Acute myeloid leukemia (that is, acute myeloid leukemia caused by previous chemotherapy) is rising. […] Acute myeloid leukemia is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. […] In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of acute myeloid leukemia by gender on 2011 is: In males: 4.97 per 100,000 persons; In females: 3.32 per 100,000 persons. […] There is some geographic variation in the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia. In adults, the highest rates are seen in North America, Europe, and Oceania. […] Adult acute myeloid leukemia is more rare in Asian and Latin American countries.

• #32 Acute myeloid leukemia: does sex matter? | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02435-z

  AML is more prevalent in men, with an incidence of around 4.5 per 100,000 males compared to 3.0 per 100,000 females across different age groups. […] While some studies suggest that males may be diagnosed with AML at a slightly younger age compared to females, the differences are generally small and may not be consistent across all populations. […] Already in the premalignant state of clonal hematopoiesis, sex-specific mutational patterns have been observed in two large lifeline cohorts. […] The sex differences also translate in prognosis and survival rate differences between female and male AML patients. […] Although patient outcomes are also influenced by multiple factors such as age, genetic mutations, and comorbid conditions, sex is frequently identified as an independent risk factor.

• #33 Acute myeloid leukemia: does sex matter? | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02435-z

  AML is more prevalent in men, with an incidence of around 4.5 per 100,000 males compared to 3.0 per 100,000 females across different age groups. […] While some studies suggest that males may be diagnosed with AML at a slightly younger age compared to females, the differences are generally small and may not be consistent across all populations. […] Already in the premalignant state of clonal hematopoiesis, sex-specific mutational patterns have been observed in two large lifeline cohorts. […] The sex differences also translate in prognosis and survival rate differences between female and male AML patients. […] Although patient outcomes are also influenced by multiple factors such as age, genetic mutations, and comorbid conditions, sex is frequently identified as an independent risk factor.

• #34 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #35 Acute myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-myeloid-leukemia?lang=us

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also referred to as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of immature myeloid precursors (myeloblasts) or poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. It primary infiltrates the bone marrow, but the disease can also extend to blood and other tissues. […] It is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a median age of diagnosis at 70 years. The M:F rate varies from 1.1 in the 5th decade to about 1.8 in the 8th decade of life. […] Acute myeloid leukemia only accounts for ~20% of all childhood leukaemias, cf. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which represents ~80% of leukaemias at this age group. […] There is an ethnic component in the distribution of most types of acute myeloid leukemia, with a strong predominance among the white ethnicity group.

• #36 Acute myeloid leukemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-myeloid-leukemia?lang=us

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also referred to as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a hematological malignancy characterized by the abnormal clonal proliferation of immature myeloid precursors (myeloblasts) or poorly differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. It primary infiltrates the bone marrow, but the disease can also extend to blood and other tissues. […] It is more common in middle-aged and elderly patients, with a median age of diagnosis at 70 years. The M:F rate varies from 1.1 in the 5th decade to about 1.8 in the 8th decade of life. […] Acute myeloid leukemia only accounts for ~20% of all childhood leukaemias, cf. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which represents ~80% of leukaemias at this age group. […] There is an ethnic component in the distribution of most types of acute myeloid leukemia, with a strong predominance among the white ethnicity group.

• #37 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a relatively rare cancer. There were 19,950 new cases in the United States in 2016. In 2018, AML accounted for 1.2% of all cancer deaths in the United States. The incidence of AML increases with age and varies between countries. The median age when AML is diagnosed ranges between 63 and 71 years in the UK, Canada, Australia and Sweden, compared with 40 to 45 years in India, Brazil and Algeria. According to 2002 statistics, AML accounts for about 90% of all acute leukemias in adults and is rare in children. Based on data from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) Public Use Database for 2001-2017, the 2021 estimate for new cases of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are following: Total estimated cases for AML: 20,240. Total estimated cases for ALL: 5,690. Based on these estimates, AML is about 78% of the total cases. The rate of therapy-related AML (AML caused by previous chemotherapy) is expected to rise with an increase in the use of chemotherapy, an ageing population and more patients surviving their initial chemotherapy treatment; therapy-related disease accounts for just under 10% of all cases of AML. AML is slightly more common in men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 to 1.4:1. Incidence is also seen to differ by ethnicity, with caucasians having higher recorded incidences and the lowest recorded incidences being in Pacific Islanders and native Alaskans. In the UK, AML accounts for 31% of all leukemia cases, and around 3,100 people were diagnosed with the disease each year in 2016-2018.

• #38 Acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_myeloid_leukemia_epidemiology_and_demographics

  The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia overall is estimated to be 6.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States. […] The incidence of acute promyelocytic leukemia is 0.2 to 0.26 per 100,000 annually in the United States, which corresponds to 600-800 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia per year. […] Acute promyelocytic leukemia affects approximately 1,500 people per year in the United States. […] Caucasians are more commonly affected by acute promyelocytic leukemia than African Americans. […] The incidence is higher in people of Latin American descent compared to Caucasian descent. […] Acute promyelocytic leukemia represents 10-15% of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia in adults. […] The median age is approximately 40 years, which is considerably younger than the other sub-types of acute myeloid leukemia (70 years).

• #39 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #40 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  There are around 2,900 new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK every year, that’s around 8 every day (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in the UK in 2017-2019. […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,300 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounted for around 1,600 new cancer cases every year (2017-2019). […] Incidence rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year around 4 in 10 (41%) of all new acute myeloid leukaemia cases in the UK are diagnosed in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1990s, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have increased by more than a tenth (12%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by a tenth (10%), and rates in males have increased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019).

• #41 Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300637

  According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, leukemia is projected to account for 3.0% of all new cancer diagnoses, and 3.9% of all cancer-related deaths in 2023. […] As the global population ages, the incidence and burden of AML are gradually increasing, and this trend is becoming more pronounced in developed countries. This is also evident in Asia, particularly in the high-income Asia Pacific region where, the incidence of leukemia is rising rapidly, with an estimated annual percentage increase of 0.74 from 1990 to 2017. […] Our study demonstrated a decreasing trend in the ASIR of de novo AML from 2011 to 2019, in contrast to an increasing trend in crude incidence rates during the same period. The annual ASIRs of de novo AML in Korea between 2011 and 2019 ranged from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000. […] The ASPR was higher in populations aged 60 years or older than younger population, with a particularly significant increase in age-specific prevalence of 44.75% among those aged 80 years and older between 2011 and 2019.

• #42 The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261871

  The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan […] An increasing incidence of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) has been reported in several Western countries. However, the epidemiology of AML in Asia is very limited. […] The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, treatment patterns, healthcare utilization and costs of AML in Taiwan using a nationwide population database. […] The crude annual incidence of AML increased from 2.78 to 3.21 cases per 100,000 individuals from 2006 to 2015. However, the age-standardized rate (ASRs) of AML slightly declined from 2.47 to 2.41 cases per 100,000 individuals in the same period. […] This study is the first population-based study conducted in Asia to provide updated and comprehensive information on epidemiology, treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization and costs of AML. […] Our study is the first Asian population-based study to provide updated and comprehensive information on the epidemiology and treatment patterns of AML patients. In addition, we report the healthcare utilization and costs of AML patients with chemotherapy alone and HSCT after the initial diagnosis of AML. These real-world data can fill up the knowledge gap and serve as good references for clinicians and policymakers to optimize AML management in the Asia Pacific region.

• #43 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #44 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-overview

  The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 22,010 new cases of AML (12,060 in men, 9950 in women) will occur in the United States in 2025. […] AML is more commonly diagnosed in developed countries, and it is more common in Whites than in other populations. […] The prevalence of AML increases with age. The median age of onset is approximately 70 years. However, AML affects all age groups. […] AML is more common in men than in women, especially in older patients. This is likely because MDS is more common in men, and advanced MDS frequently evolves into AML. Some have proposed that the higher prevalence of AML in men may be related to occupational exposures (see Etiology). […] The ACS estimates that in 2025 11,090 deaths from AML will occur in the United States. Of those, 6130 are expected to occur in men and 4960 in women.

• #45 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #46 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #47 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by almost a tenth (8%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by almost a tenth (8%), and rates in males have decreased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for 2% of all cancer deaths in the UK (2017-2019). […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,100 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,600 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] Mortality rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year more than half of all acute myeloid leukaemia deaths (53%) in the UK are in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1970s, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have increased by almost three-fifths (55%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by more than a third (36%), and rates in males have increased by almost two-thirds (64%) (2017-2019). […] Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have remained stable in the UK. Rates in females have remained stable, and rates in males have remained stable (2017-2019).

• #48 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #49 Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) statistics | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/leukaemia-aml

  Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia incidence rates have decreased by almost a tenth (8%) in the UK. Rates in females have decreased by almost a tenth (8%), and rates in males have decreased by a tenth (10%) (2017-2019). […] Acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for 2% of all cancer deaths in the UK (2017-2019). […] In females in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,100 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] In males in the UK, acute myeloid leukaemia accounts for around 1,600 deaths every year (2017-2019). […] Mortality rates for acute myeloid leukaemia in the UK are highest in people aged 85 to 89 (2017-2019). […] Each year more than half of all acute myeloid leukaemia deaths (53%) in the UK are in people aged 75 and over (2017-2019). […] Since the early 1970s, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have increased by almost three-fifths (55%) in the UK. Rates in females have increased by more than a third (36%), and rates in males have increased by almost two-thirds (64%) (2017-2019). […] Over the last decade, acute myeloid leukaemia mortality rates have remained stable in the UK. Rates in females have remained stable, and rates in males have remained stable (2017-2019).

• #50 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #51 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  The death cases also showed an upward trend globally, with 130,189 cases in 2021 and DALYs increased slightly to 4,135,056 in 2021. […] Globally, both ASIR and ASDR have shown a fluctuating trend of first increasing and then decreasing from 1990 to 2021. Overall, the ASIR and ASDR of males are significantly higher than those of females. […] From 1990 to 2021, smoking, high body mass index, and occupational exposure to benzene or formaldehyde were the most common potential risk factors related to AML in the GBD study, of which smoking was the most significant contributor. […] This study reveals that from 1990 to 2021, there was a rising trend in the incidence and deaths of AML globally, with a more pronounced disease burden observed in males and the elderly population. We found a positive correlation between the incidence of AML and SDI values. Smoking, high body mass index (BMI), and occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde are the main risk factors for AML-related deaths.

• #52 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. […] From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region.

• #53 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources. […] From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region.

• #54

  https://step1.medbullets.com/oncology/117071/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml

  median onset 65 years of age […] Risk factors […] alkylating chemotherapy […] radiation […] myeloproliferative disorders […] Down syndrome […] Symptoms of pancytopenia (high WBC count but WBCs are dysfunctional) […] fatigue […] dyspnea […] infection due to dysfunctional blasts […] bleeding […] Prognosis […] prognostic indicator is cytogenetics […] 90% complete response rate from initial chemotherapy in those with good cytogenetics […] relapse rate 50% with median survival 3-12 months.

• #55

  https://step1.medbullets.com/oncology/117071/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml

  median onset 65 years of age […] Risk factors […] alkylating chemotherapy […] radiation […] myeloproliferative disorders […] Down syndrome […] Symptoms of pancytopenia (high WBC count but WBCs are dysfunctional) […] fatigue […] dyspnea […] infection due to dysfunctional blasts […] bleeding […] Prognosis […] prognostic indicator is cytogenetics […] 90% complete response rate from initial chemotherapy in those with good cytogenetics […] relapse rate 50% with median survival 3-12 months.

• #56

  https://step1.medbullets.com/oncology/117071/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml

  median onset 65 years of age […] Risk factors […] alkylating chemotherapy […] radiation […] myeloproliferative disorders […] Down syndrome […] Symptoms of pancytopenia (high WBC count but WBCs are dysfunctional) […] fatigue […] dyspnea […] infection due to dysfunctional blasts […] bleeding […] Prognosis […] prognostic indicator is cytogenetics […] 90% complete response rate from initial chemotherapy in those with good cytogenetics […] relapse rate 50% with median survival 3-12 months.

• #57

  https://step1.medbullets.com/oncology/117071/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml

  median onset 65 years of age […] Risk factors […] alkylating chemotherapy […] radiation […] myeloproliferative disorders […] Down syndrome […] Symptoms of pancytopenia (high WBC count but WBCs are dysfunctional) […] fatigue […] dyspnea […] infection due to dysfunctional blasts […] bleeding […] Prognosis […] prognostic indicator is cytogenetics […] 90% complete response rate from initial chemotherapy in those with good cytogenetics […] relapse rate 50% with median survival 3-12 months.

• #58

  https://journals.lww.com/jpho-online/abstract/1995/05000/epidemiology_of_childhood_acute_myelogenous.2.aspx

  Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the second most common leukemia in children, with 400 new cases occurring annually in the United States. […] Worldwide, the highest rates of childhood AML occur in Asia and the lowest rates are reported from India and South America. […] The largest analytic study of childhood AML found that occupational exposures of either parent to pesticides, paternal exposure to petroleum products, and postnatal exposures to pesticides are increased in children with AML. […] In addition, maternal use of marijuana during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of AML, especially the monocytic subtypes. […] Further study of childhood AML, including occurrence of the disease as a second malignancy, is needed in order to confirm these findings and to increase our understanding of this leukemia.

• #59 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Survival Rates and Outlook

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/acute-myeloid-leukemia-survival-rates-5208865

  A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be scary. This rare cancer has a notoriously bad prognosis. According to the National Cancer Institute’s SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, only 31.9% of people diagnosed with AML will be alive five years later. […] Doctors will diagnose about 20,000 new cases of AML yearly in the United States, and 11,400 AML patients will die from the disease. AML most often develops between the ages of 65 and 74. The average age at diagnosis is 68. Only about 4.4% of patients are under 20 years old when diagnosed, but these patients have the best survival rate. […] The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia varies depending on age, subtype, and response to treatment. The best survival is in patients under age 20, with a five-year survival rate of 68%. For people 20 and older, the five-year survival rate is 26%. […] Older AML patients are more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities in their cancer cells that indicate a worse prognosis. They may also not be able to tolerate the most aggressive treatments that have a better chance of leading to remission.

• #60 Leukemia Statistics — Leukemia Research Foundation

  https://leukemiarf.org/leukemia/statistics/

  Acute myeloid leukemia is a rare blood cancer, accounting for 1% of all new cancer cases. […] As of 2018 (most recent available), the five-year relative survival rate for acute myeloid leukemia is 31%. […] Source: All statistics are extracted from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.

• #61 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Survival Rates and Outlook

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/acute-myeloid-leukemia-survival-rates-5208865

  A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be scary. This rare cancer has a notoriously bad prognosis. According to the National Cancer Institute’s SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, only 31.9% of people diagnosed with AML will be alive five years later. […] Doctors will diagnose about 20,000 new cases of AML yearly in the United States, and 11,400 AML patients will die from the disease. AML most often develops between the ages of 65 and 74. The average age at diagnosis is 68. Only about 4.4% of patients are under 20 years old when diagnosed, but these patients have the best survival rate. […] The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia varies depending on age, subtype, and response to treatment. The best survival is in patients under age 20, with a five-year survival rate of 68%. For people 20 and older, the five-year survival rate is 26%. […] Older AML patients are more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities in their cancer cells that indicate a worse prognosis. They may also not be able to tolerate the most aggressive treatments that have a better chance of leading to remission.

• #62 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Survival Rates and Outlook

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/acute-myeloid-leukemia-survival-rates-5208865

  A diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be scary. This rare cancer has a notoriously bad prognosis. According to the National Cancer Institute’s SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, only 31.9% of people diagnosed with AML will be alive five years later. […] Doctors will diagnose about 20,000 new cases of AML yearly in the United States, and 11,400 AML patients will die from the disease. AML most often develops between the ages of 65 and 74. The average age at diagnosis is 68. Only about 4.4% of patients are under 20 years old when diagnosed, but these patients have the best survival rate. […] The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia varies depending on age, subtype, and response to treatment. The best survival is in patients under age 20, with a five-year survival rate of 68%. For people 20 and older, the five-year survival rate is 26%. […] Older AML patients are more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities in their cancer cells that indicate a worse prognosis. They may also not be able to tolerate the most aggressive treatments that have a better chance of leading to remission.

• #63 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #64 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #65 Acute Myeloid Leukemia — Cancer Stat Facts

  https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/amyl.html

  Estimated New Cases in 2025 22,010. […] Estimated Deaths in 2025 11,090. […] Acute myeloid leukemia represents 1.1% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. […] In 2025, it is estimated that there will be 22,010 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia and an estimated 11,090 people will die of this disease. […] The rate of new cases of acute myeloid leukemia was 4.3 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20182022 cases, age-adjusted. […] Death rates from acute myeloid leukemia are higher among older adults, or those 65 and older. […] The death rate was 2.7 per 100,000 men and women per year based on 20192023 deaths, age-adjusted. […] Keeping track of new cases, deaths, and survival over time (trends) can help scientists understand whether progress is being made and where additional research is needed to address challenges, such as improving screening or finding better treatments. […] Using statistical models for analysis, age-adjusted rates for new acute myeloid leukemia cases have been stable over 20132022. Age-adjusted death rates have been falling on average 0.8% each year over 20142023.

• #66 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Every 1-2 months for 2 years THEN […] Every 3-6 months for up to 5 years.

• #67 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Every 1-2 months for 2 years THEN […] Every 3-6 months for up to 5 years.

• #68 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Leukemia/ActMylgnsLkm.htm

  AML is the most common Acute Leukemia in adults (80% of cases) […] Median Age at AML diagnosis: 68 years old […] Annual physical exam (or more often in first few years) […] Complete Blood Count with differential […] Cardiac testing […] Echocardiogram every 2 years […] Electrocardiogram baseline and every 2 years […] MUGA Scan (Multi Gated Acquisition Scan, radionuclide angiography) every 5 years […] Holter Monitor every 5 years.

• #69 Pre-emptive detection and evolution of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometric measurable residual disease surveillance | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02300-z

  Measurable residual disease (MRD) surveillance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may identify patients destined for relapse and thus provide the option of pre-emptive therapy to improve their outcome. […] Flow MRD surveillance can detect MRD relapse in high risk AML and its evaluation may be enhanced by computational analysis. […] Although flow cytometric MRD has the advantage of rapid turn-around time in addition to a sensitivity of at least 10-4, the current dependence on manual analysis of bidimensional plots can lead to inconsistent quantitation according to expertise and also limit the potential of deeper-immunophenotyping for further optimization. […] Our results point to standard flow cytometric MRD as a highly specific predictor of relapse (98% 0.1%, 92% 0.05%) in higher risk AML for monitoring off-treatment by different-from-normal analysis.

• #70 Pre-emptive detection and evolution of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometric measurable residual disease surveillance | Leukemia

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41375-024-02300-z

  Measurable residual disease (MRD) surveillance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may identify patients destined for relapse and thus provide the option of pre-emptive therapy to improve their outcome. […] Flow MRD surveillance can detect MRD relapse in high risk AML and its evaluation may be enhanced by computational analysis. […] Although flow cytometric MRD has the advantage of rapid turn-around time in addition to a sensitivity of at least 10-4, the current dependence on manual analysis of bidimensional plots can lead to inconsistent quantitation according to expertise and also limit the potential of deeper-immunophenotyping for further optimization. […] Our results point to standard flow cytometric MRD as a highly specific predictor of relapse (98% 0.1%, 92% 0.05%) in higher risk AML for monitoring off-treatment by different-from-normal analysis.

• #71 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Epidemiological investigations of AML are valuable references for policy-makers to allocate healthy resources. […] Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden. […] The incidence rate of AML was positively correlated to SDI values which meant the incidence rate in the developed region was significantly higher than in the developing region. In the meanwhile, the incidence rate in some developing areas such as the middle SDI and low-middle SDI countries increased rapidly. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were mainly risk factors contributing to AML-related mortality. There is plenty of room to control occupational exposure to carcinogens especially in developing countries. Generally, considering the accelerated aging trend in the globe, the incidence rate and mortality rate of AML might further increase. Therefore, the policy-marker should rationally allocate public health resources to relieve the mushrooming burden of AML.

• #72 The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology | Full Text

  https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-020-00908-z

  Epidemiological investigations of AML are valuable references for policy-makers to allocate healthy resources. […] Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden. […] The incidence rate of AML was positively correlated to SDI values which meant the incidence rate in the developed region was significantly higher than in the developing region. In the meanwhile, the incidence rate in some developing areas such as the middle SDI and low-middle SDI countries increased rapidly. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were mainly risk factors contributing to AML-related mortality. There is plenty of room to control occupational exposure to carcinogens especially in developing countries. Generally, considering the accelerated aging trend in the globe, the incidence rate and mortality rate of AML might further increase. Therefore, the policy-marker should rationally allocate public health resources to relieve the mushrooming burden of AML.

• #73 Young survivors of acute myeloid leukemia have long-term complications from treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/young-survivors-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia-have-long-term-complications-from-treatment/2020/11

  Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a high risk of developing several long-term health complications, a study led by UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers has found. The most common complications among AYA survivors (ages 15-39) were cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory diseases. The complications – known as late effects – were more present among non-white AYA patients and those living in more deprived neighborhoods. According to the American Cancer Society, around 20,000 cases of AML will be diagnosed in 2020 in the U.S. alone. The study used comprehensive information from 1168 AYA patients with AML. These patient cases were reported to the California Cancer Registry from all non-federal hospitals in California between 1996 and 2012. The researchers found that after 10 years of AML diagnosis, some patients developed an endocrine disease (26%), a cardiovascular disease (19%) and a respiratory disease (7%). Other late effects were less frequent but included serious illnesses such as another cancer. The study found that AYA survivors who underwent bone marrow transplant were at least twice as likely to experience most of the late effects. Hispanic, Black and Asian/Pacific Islander survivors were at a higher risk of many of the late effect diseases. The study showed that AYA survivors who lived in poorer neighborhoods at the time of AML diagnosis had more of these late effects. According to the researchers, many factors can lead to the disparities in disease burden. These include differences in therapeutic management, patients response to treatment, AML with high-risk mutations, coexisting diseases and socioeconomic factors. Our findings can help clinicians and policymakers develop better survivorship care plans to reduce suffering and death among AYA survivors of AML. The study was published Nov. 9 in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

• #74 Young survivors of acute myeloid leukemia have long-term complications from treatment

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/young-survivors-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia-have-long-term-complications-from-treatment/2020/11

  Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a high risk of developing several long-term health complications, a study led by UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers has found. The most common complications among AYA survivors (ages 15-39) were cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory diseases. The complications – known as late effects – were more present among non-white AYA patients and those living in more deprived neighborhoods. According to the American Cancer Society, around 20,000 cases of AML will be diagnosed in 2020 in the U.S. alone. The study used comprehensive information from 1168 AYA patients with AML. These patient cases were reported to the California Cancer Registry from all non-federal hospitals in California between 1996 and 2012. The researchers found that after 10 years of AML diagnosis, some patients developed an endocrine disease (26%), a cardiovascular disease (19%) and a respiratory disease (7%). Other late effects were less frequent but included serious illnesses such as another cancer. The study found that AYA survivors who underwent bone marrow transplant were at least twice as likely to experience most of the late effects. Hispanic, Black and Asian/Pacific Islander survivors were at a higher risk of many of the late effect diseases. The study showed that AYA survivors who lived in poorer neighborhoods at the time of AML diagnosis had more of these late effects. According to the researchers, many factors can lead to the disparities in disease burden. These include differences in therapeutic management, patients response to treatment, AML with high-risk mutations, coexisting diseases and socioeconomic factors. Our findings can help clinicians and policymakers develop better survivorship care plans to reduce suffering and death among AYA survivors of AML. The study was published Nov. 9 in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

• #75 Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300637

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients. In contrast a long-term decrease from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000 individuals was found in the age-standardized incidence rates. Meanwhile, age-standardized prevalence rates ascended from 8.93 to 9.67 per 100,000 individuals, with a remarkable increase in the age-specific prevalence rate for those aged 80 years and above. Survival rates were notably better in younger or treated patients, and in those who underwent Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The time of diagnosis did not affect the survival of patients younger than 65 years. However, the most recent survival rates were significantly lower for patients 65 or older, as shown in the unadjusted Cox survival analysis. After adjustments in the analysis, it was found that the overall survival rates of the most recently diagnosed group improved significantly compared with those diagnosed earlier, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.840.97). This improvement may potentially be influenced by the enhanced treatment alternatives available for newly diagnosed older patients aged 65 years or older. In conclusion, aging appears to fuel an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases and mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes and devise efficacious care strategies for older patients.

• #76 The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261871

  The epidemiology, treatment patterns, healthcare utilizations and costs of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) in Taiwan […] An increasing incidence of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) has been reported in several Western countries. However, the epidemiology of AML in Asia is very limited. […] The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, treatment patterns, healthcare utilization and costs of AML in Taiwan using a nationwide population database. […] The crude annual incidence of AML increased from 2.78 to 3.21 cases per 100,000 individuals from 2006 to 2015. However, the age-standardized rate (ASRs) of AML slightly declined from 2.47 to 2.41 cases per 100,000 individuals in the same period. […] This study is the first population-based study conducted in Asia to provide updated and comprehensive information on epidemiology, treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization and costs of AML. […] Our study is the first Asian population-based study to provide updated and comprehensive information on the epidemiology and treatment patterns of AML patients. In addition, we report the healthcare utilization and costs of AML patients with chemotherapy alone and HSCT after the initial diagnosis of AML. These real-world data can fill up the knowledge gap and serve as good references for clinicians and policymakers to optimize AML management in the Asia Pacific region.

• #77 Global, regional, and national burden of acute myeloid leukemia, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021 | Biomarker Research | Full Text

  https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-024-00649-y

  The death cases also showed an upward trend globally, with 130,189 cases in 2021 and DALYs increased slightly to 4,135,056 in 2021. […] Globally, both ASIR and ASDR have shown a fluctuating trend of first increasing and then decreasing from 1990 to 2021. Overall, the ASIR and ASDR of males are significantly higher than those of females. […] From 1990 to 2021, smoking, high body mass index, and occupational exposure to benzene or formaldehyde were the most common potential risk factors related to AML in the GBD study, of which smoking was the most significant contributor. […] This study reveals that from 1990 to 2021, there was a rising trend in the incidence and deaths of AML globally, with a more pronounced disease burden observed in males and the elderly population. We found a positive correlation between the incidence of AML and SDI values. Smoking, high body mass index (BMI), and occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde are the main risk factors for AML-related deaths.

• #78 Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300637

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients. In contrast a long-term decrease from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000 individuals was found in the age-standardized incidence rates. Meanwhile, age-standardized prevalence rates ascended from 8.93 to 9.67 per 100,000 individuals, with a remarkable increase in the age-specific prevalence rate for those aged 80 years and above. Survival rates were notably better in younger or treated patients, and in those who underwent Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The time of diagnosis did not affect the survival of patients younger than 65 years. However, the most recent survival rates were significantly lower for patients 65 or older, as shown in the unadjusted Cox survival analysis. After adjustments in the analysis, it was found that the overall survival rates of the most recently diagnosed group improved significantly compared with those diagnosed earlier, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.840.97). This improvement may potentially be influenced by the enhanced treatment alternatives available for newly diagnosed older patients aged 65 years or older. In conclusion, aging appears to fuel an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases and mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes and devise efficacious care strategies for older patients.

• #79 Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31101526/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow which is characterized by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells. The age-adjusted incidence of AML is 4.3 per 100,000 annually in the United States (US). Incidence increases with age with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years in the US. […] The etiology of AML is heterogeneous. In some patients, prior exposure to therapeutic, occupational or environmental DNA-damaging agents is implicated, but most cases of AML remain without a clear etiology. […] AML is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and has the shortest survival (5-year survival = 24%). […] Differences in patient outcomes are influenced by disease characteristics, access to care including active therapies and supportive care, and other factors. […] After many years without therapeutic advances, several new therapies have been approved and are expected to impact patient outcomes, especially for older patients and those with refractory disease.

• #80 Impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia epidemiology and survival outcomes: A real-world, population-based longitudinal cohort study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0300637

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a severe and fatal form of leukemia that is prevalent in the older population. In this longitudinal retrospective study, we investigated the epidemiology and survival rates of patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia in South Korea from Jan 1, 2011, to Aug 31, 2020. We observed an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases, with age-specific incidence rates escalating in older patients. In contrast a long-term decrease from 1.94 to 1.77 per 100,000 individuals was found in the age-standardized incidence rates. Meanwhile, age-standardized prevalence rates ascended from 8.93 to 9.67 per 100,000 individuals, with a remarkable increase in the age-specific prevalence rate for those aged 80 years and above. Survival rates were notably better in younger or treated patients, and in those who underwent Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The time of diagnosis did not affect the survival of patients younger than 65 years. However, the most recent survival rates were significantly lower for patients 65 or older, as shown in the unadjusted Cox survival analysis. After adjustments in the analysis, it was found that the overall survival rates of the most recently diagnosed group improved significantly compared with those diagnosed earlier, with a hazard ratio of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.840.97). This improvement may potentially be influenced by the enhanced treatment alternatives available for newly diagnosed older patients aged 65 years or older. In conclusion, aging appears to fuel an increase in the number of acute myeloid leukemia cases and mortality. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of aging on acute myeloid leukemia treatment outcomes and devise efficacious care strategies for older patients.

• #81 SciELO Brazil – Epidemiological evaluation and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia Epidemiological evaluation and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia

  https://www.scielo.br/j/jped/a/KMJSzGPZ9g77zT7HMHXMkkc/

  The results show a higher prevalence of the FAB M3 subtype of AML in this population than that reported in the international literature. Although similar to rates reported in other Brazilian studies, OS was decreased compared with that of developed countries. Perhaps increased access to cytogenetic and molecular tests and, more importantly, proper hospital support could improve the survival of children with AML treated in Brazil. Further prospective, multicenter Brazilian studies with a larger sample size are encouraged to better understand the characteristics of AML and improve treatment and prognosis in this population.

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