Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/

  Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer that grows quickly, so treatment will usually begin a few days after a diagnosis has been confirmed. […] Treatment for AML is often carried out in 2 stages: induction this first stage of treatment aims to kill as many leukaemia cells in your blood and bone marrow as possible and treat any symptoms you may have […] consolidation this stage aims to prevent the cancer coming back (relapsing) by killing any remaining leukaemia cells in your body. […] The induction stage of treatment is not always successful and sometimes needs to be repeated before consolidation can begin. […] If you’re thought to have a high risk of experiencing complications of AML treatment (for example, if you’re over 75 or have another underlying health condition), less intensive chemotherapy treatment may be carried out.

• #2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  It’s important that your doctor is experienced in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or has access to an AML specialist. […] Doctors use several types of treatment for adults with AML, some at different stages. […] Treatment for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of AML, differs from other AML treatments. […] Most AML patients, particularly patients with high white cell counts, need treatment soon after diagnosis because the disease can progress rapidly. […] A number of factors affect the choice and outcome of treatment, including the following: Your AML subtype, The results of cytogenetic analysis, Whether you have received chemotherapy in the past to treat another type of cancer, Whether you have had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another blood cancer, Whether the AML is in your central nervous system, Whether your AML has not responded to treatment or has relapsed, The presence of systemic infection at diagnosis, Your age and general health.

• #3 Typical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Except APL) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/typical-treatment-of-aml.html

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is typically divided into 2 main phases: […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is the main treatment for most types of AML, although other treatments might be used as well. […] Treatment for AML often needs to start as quickly as possible after it is diagnosed because it can progress very quickly. Sometimes another type of treatment needs to be started even before the chemo has had a chance to work. […] The first phase of treatment for AML is aimed at quickly getting rid of as many leukemia cells as possible. […] Induction is considered successful if the leukemia goes into remission. Further treatment (called consolidation) is given then to try to destroy any remaining leukemia cells and help prevent a relapse. […] In some situations, maintenance therapy might be an option for further treatment. This is also sometimes called post-consolidation therapy. In this phase, treatment is given over a longer period of time (and often at lower doses). The intent is to keep the leukemia from coming back for as long as possible.

• #4 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare cancer that affects your bone marrow and blood. Its an aggressive cancer that, left untreated, may be life-threatening. Newer treatments are helping people to live longer with AML. […] Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy (including monoclonal antibody therapy) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Adults and children have the same treatment options. The goal is to put AML into complete remission. In AML, complete remission means tests show your blood counts are normal. It also means pathologists dont see cancerous cells when they examine your bone marrow sample under a microscope. […] There are three phases to chemotherapy for AML induction, consolidation and maintenance. […] This is the first step toward complete remission of AML. Treatment usually happens over several days. Some people need two rounds of induction therapy before AML is in complete remission. Providers may use the following chemotherapies in remission induction therapy: Cytarabine (Cytosar-U), Daunorubicin (Cerubidine), Idarubicin (Idamycin), Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Glasdegib (Daurismo), Venetoclax (Venclexta, Venclyxto).

• #5 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  It’s important that your doctor is experienced in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or has access to an AML specialist. […] Doctors use several types of treatment for adults with AML, some at different stages. […] Treatment for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of AML, differs from other AML treatments. […] Most AML patients, particularly patients with high white cell counts, need treatment soon after diagnosis because the disease can progress rapidly. […] A number of factors affect the choice and outcome of treatment, including the following: Your AML subtype, The results of cytogenetic analysis, Whether you have received chemotherapy in the past to treat another type of cancer, Whether you have had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another blood cancer, Whether the AML is in your central nervous system, Whether your AML has not responded to treatment or has relapsed, The presence of systemic infection at diagnosis, Your age and general health.

• #6 Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/acute-myeloid-leukaemia/treatment/

  Because acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) develops quickly, treatment usually begins as soon as a diagnosis is made. […] Treatment will depend on the subtype, the genetic make-up of the AML, and your overall health and age. In most cases, your doctor will need the results of genetic tests and immunophenotyping to work out the best treatment for you. It may take up to 2 weeks for these results to come through. […] For younger people, chemotherapy is the main treatment (see below). Older people are generally treated with a lower intensity therapy, including an oral drug called venetoclax. You may have other treatments depending on the subtype and how the AML responds to the drugs you are given.

• #7 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprise a variety of chemotherapy regimens, biologic agents, and stem cell transplantation. […] Current standard chemotherapy regimens cure only a minority of patients with AML. As a result, all patients should be evaluated for entry into well-designed clinical trials. If a clinical trial is not available, the patient can be treated with standard therapy. […] Appropriate transfusion support must be provided to patients with AML. This includes transfusion of platelets and clotting factors (fresh frozen plasma [FFP], cryoprecipitate) as guided by the patients blood test results and bleeding history. […] Patients with AML are best treated at a center whose staff has significant experience in the treatment of leukemia. […] Historically, treatment of AML has been divided into two phases: induction therapy, with the goal of inducing remission, and consolidation (post-remission) therapy, with the goal of maintaining remission.

• #8 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Many types of treatment exist for acute myelogenous leukemia, also called AML. Treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of the disease, your age, your overall health, your prognosis and your preferences. […] Treatment usually has two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. This first phase aims to kill the leukemia cells in your blood and bone marrow. But it doesn’t usually destroy all the leukemia cells. You will need further treatment to keep the disease from coming back. […] Consolidation therapy. This phase also is called post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. It aims to kill the remaining leukemia cells. Consolidation therapy is crucial to helping lower the risk of relapse. […] Treatments include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. Chemotherapy is the main type of remission induction therapy. It also may be used for consolidation therapy.

• #9 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care. […] There are different types of treatment for people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment. […] The following types of treatment are used: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant, Targeted therapy, Other drug therapy. […] The treatment of AML usually has two phases: Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. Consolidation therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of consolidation therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy.

• #10 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Many types of treatment exist for acute myelogenous leukemia, also called AML. Treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of the disease, your age, your overall health, your prognosis and your preferences. […] Treatment usually has two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. This first phase aims to kill the leukemia cells in your blood and bone marrow. But it doesn’t usually destroy all the leukemia cells. You will need further treatment to keep the disease from coming back. […] Consolidation therapy. This phase also is called post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. It aims to kill the remaining leukemia cells. Consolidation therapy is crucial to helping lower the risk of relapse. […] Treatments include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. Chemotherapy is the main type of remission induction therapy. It also may be used for consolidation therapy.

• #11 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] A number of chemotherapy medications are effective against AML. The goal of treatment is to kill the malignant cells while limiting the effects on the residual normal bone marrow cells. […] The usual treatment of AML is divided into two phases: induction of remission and post-remission therapy. […] The initial phase of treatment is called remission induction (or induction therapy). The goal of induction therapy is to decrease the number of leukemia cells to an undetectable level, restore the production of normal blood cells, and relieve AML-related symptoms. […] Intensive remission induction therapy for AML generally includes a drug called cytarabine (usually given as a continuous intravenous infusion for seven days) plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin (given as intravenous injections on the first three days of treatment); this combination is sometimes called the „7+3” regimen.

• #12 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Many types of treatment exist for acute myelogenous leukemia, also called AML. Treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of the disease, your age, your overall health, your prognosis and your preferences. […] Treatment usually has two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. This first phase aims to kill the leukemia cells in your blood and bone marrow. But it doesn’t usually destroy all the leukemia cells. You will need further treatment to keep the disease from coming back. […] Consolidation therapy. This phase also is called post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. It aims to kill the remaining leukemia cells. Consolidation therapy is crucial to helping lower the risk of relapse. […] Treatments include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. Most chemotherapy medicines are given through a vein. Some come in pill form. Chemotherapy is the main type of remission induction therapy. It also may be used for consolidation therapy.

• #13 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/blood-cancer/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml-/

  Acute myelogenous leukemia treatment can be divided into two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. The goal during this phase is to kill leukemia cells. Not all cells are usually able to be killed, so patients typically need further treatment to prevent leukemia recurrence. […] Consolidation therapy. The goal during this phase is to kill the remaining leukemia cells. This phase may also be referred to as post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. […] Treatment options used during each phase may include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemicals are used to kill cancer cells. It is usually the main treatment option in remission induction therapy, although it may still be used in consolidation therapy. […] Targeted therapy. Drugs are used to block receptors that cancer cells need to grow. It can be used with chemotherapy in the remission induction phase and the consolidation phase.

• #14 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Maintenance is a third phase of treatment that may be used for people who aren’t going to have a transplant in the consolidation phase and who have intermediate or unfavourable chromosome changes. It involves chemotherapy at a lower strength and for a longer period of time. Maintenance therapy is generally lower strength and has fewer side effects than induction and consolidation therapy. […] Induction treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is given over one week to clear the blood and bone marrow of leukemia cells. It is the first phase of treatment. […] Consolidation treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is given soon after induction treatment to keep leukemia cells from coming back. It is the second phase of treatment. […] Maintenance treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is oral chemotherapy given for a long time to prevent leukemia cells from coming back.

• #15 Typical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Except APL) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/typical-treatment-of-aml.html

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is typically divided into 2 main phases: […] Chemotherapy (chemo) is the main treatment for most types of AML, although other treatments might be used as well. […] Treatment for AML often needs to start as quickly as possible after it is diagnosed because it can progress very quickly. Sometimes another type of treatment needs to be started even before the chemo has had a chance to work. […] The first phase of treatment for AML is aimed at quickly getting rid of as many leukemia cells as possible. […] Induction is considered successful if the leukemia goes into remission. Further treatment (called consolidation) is given then to try to destroy any remaining leukemia cells and help prevent a relapse. […] In some situations, maintenance therapy might be an option for further treatment. This is also sometimes called post-consolidation therapy. In this phase, treatment is given over a longer period of time (and often at lower doses). The intent is to keep the leukemia from coming back for as long as possible.

• #16 Acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Chemotherapy is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] Targeted therapy and a stem cell transplant may also be used.

• #17 Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/treating-aml

  Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) usually starts quite quickly after being diagnosed. […] AML treatment is generally divided into intensive or non intensive treatment. Chemotherapy is the main treatment in both. […] Treatment for AML is generally divided into intensive and non intensive treatment. The main treatment in both situations is chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). […] There are different types of targeted cancer drugs for AML. […] Leukapheresis is a way of filtering the blood to remove white blood cells when there are too many. […] A stem cell or bone marrow transplant is a treatment for AML. […] You might have radiotherapy as part of your treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. […] Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment can cause side effects.

• #18 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Younger patients and older „fit” patients can receive intensive induction therapy. Patients with poor performance status, significant comorbidities, and/or advanced age (ie, some patients 60 years old and most patients 70 years old) should receive low-intensity therapy, or supportive care if a clinical trial is not available. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for certain patients. […] Various acceptable induction regimens are available. The most common approach, „3 + 7,” consists of 3 days of a 15- to 30-minute infusion of an anthracycline (idarubicin or daunorubicin) or anthracenedione (mitoxantrone), combined with 100-200 mg/m2 of cytarabine (arabinosylcytosine; ara-C) as a 24-hour infusion daily for 7 days. […] Improved outcomes have been reported with induction regimens using a higher dose of daunorubicin (90 mg/m2/d for 3 d compared with 45 mg/m2/d).

• #19 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] A number of chemotherapy medications are effective against AML. The goal of treatment is to kill the malignant cells while limiting the effects on the residual normal bone marrow cells. […] The usual treatment of AML is divided into two phases: induction of remission and post-remission therapy. […] The initial phase of treatment is called remission induction (or induction therapy). The goal of induction therapy is to decrease the number of leukemia cells to an undetectable level, restore the production of normal blood cells, and relieve AML-related symptoms. […] Intensive remission induction therapy for AML generally includes a drug called cytarabine (usually given as a continuous intravenous infusion for seven days) plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin (given as intravenous injections on the first three days of treatment); this combination is sometimes called the „7+3” regimen.

• #20 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare cancer that affects your bone marrow and blood. Its an aggressive cancer that, left untreated, may be life-threatening. Newer treatments are helping people to live longer with AML. […] Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy (including monoclonal antibody therapy) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Adults and children have the same treatment options. The goal is to put AML into complete remission. In AML, complete remission means tests show your blood counts are normal. It also means pathologists dont see cancerous cells when they examine your bone marrow sample under a microscope. […] There are three phases to chemotherapy for AML induction, consolidation and maintenance. […] This is the first step toward complete remission of AML. Treatment usually happens over several days. Some people need two rounds of induction therapy before AML is in complete remission. Providers may use the following chemotherapies in remission induction therapy: Cytarabine (Cytosar-U), Daunorubicin (Cerubidine), Idarubicin (Idamycin), Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Glasdegib (Daurismo), Venetoclax (Venclexta, Venclyxto).

• #21 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pharmacologic-management/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent adult acute leukemia. Survival is highly dependent on age; younger patients with AML have a 5-year survival rate of nearly 50%, while those older than 60 have a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. […] APL is highly treatable, with 95% of patients surviving long-term. […] AML treatment is based on cytogenetic features known to affect prognosis. […] Patients with newly diagnosed AML should undergo intensive induction therapy when possible. For those in the favorable-risk group, induction therapy typically consists of the 7+3 chemotherapy regimen, in which patients receive cytarabine 100 to 200 mg/m2 in a continuous infusion for 7 days with the addition of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 for the first 3 days. […] Adding cladribine to 7+3 chemotherapy may also improve survival rates.

• #22 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Consolidation therapy kills any remaining cancerous cells. It lowers the risk of cancer recurrence (coming back). Most people receive high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) or HiDAC five days each month for three or four months. […] Often, consolidation therapy eliminates AML. In some cases, however, providers may recommend ongoing treatment using low doses of chemotherapy. Maintenance therapy may continue for months or years. Chemotherapy drugs for maintenance therapy may include: Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Midostaurin (Rydapt). […] Allogeneic stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from related or unrelated donors. Providers may obtain stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood or cord blood (blood collected from umbilical cords after birth). […] Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only way to cure acute myeloid leukemia. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend stem cell transplantation as your first AML treatment or if you have AML that comes back within 12 months. Unfortunately, not everyone may be a candidate for stem cell transplantation.

• #23 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Most patients younger than 60 years should be evaluated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT). […] High-dose cytarabine for four cycles is a standard option for consolidation therapy in younger patients. […] In 2020, the FDA approved an oral formulation of azacitidine (Onureg) for the continued treatment of adult patients with AML who have achieved first CR or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following intensive induction chemotherapy but are not able to complete intensive curative therapy. […] The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) considers that in patients with AML who are under age 55, allogeneic HCT offers no survival advantage for those with low-risk cytogenetics who are in first clinical remission, but does offer a survival advantage versus chemotherapy for those with high-risk cytogenetics.

• #24 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/cancer/types-of-cancer/blood-cancer/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml-/

  Acute myelogenous leukemia treatment can be divided into two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. The goal during this phase is to kill leukemia cells. Not all cells are usually able to be killed, so patients typically need further treatment to prevent leukemia recurrence. […] Consolidation therapy. The goal during this phase is to kill the remaining leukemia cells. This phase may also be referred to as post-remission therapy or maintenance therapy. […] Treatment options used during each phase may include: […] Chemotherapy. Chemicals are used to kill cancer cells. It is usually the main treatment option in remission induction therapy, although it may still be used in consolidation therapy. […] Targeted therapy. Drugs are used to block receptors that cancer cells need to grow. It can be used with chemotherapy in the remission induction phase and the consolidation phase.

• #25 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Consolidation therapy kills any remaining cancerous cells. It lowers the risk of cancer recurrence (coming back). Most people receive high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) or HiDAC five days each month for three or four months. […] Often, consolidation therapy eliminates AML. In some cases, however, providers may recommend ongoing treatment using low doses of chemotherapy. Maintenance therapy may continue for months or years. Chemotherapy drugs for maintenance therapy may include: Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Midostaurin (Rydapt). […] Allogeneic stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from related or unrelated donors. Providers may obtain stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood or cord blood (blood collected from umbilical cords after birth). […] Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only way to cure acute myeloid leukemia. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend stem cell transplantation as your first AML treatment or if you have AML that comes back within 12 months. Unfortunately, not everyone may be a candidate for stem cell transplantation.

• #26 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  People with AML usually stay in the hospital during chemotherapy treatments because the medicines kill many healthy blood cells while destroying leukemia cells. If the first chemotherapy cycle doesn’t cause remission, it can be repeated. […] Side effects of chemotherapy depend on the medicines you’re given. Common side effects are nausea and hair loss. Serious, long-term complications may include heart disease, lung damage, fertility problems and other cancers. […] Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. By blocking these chemicals, targeted treatments can cause cancer cells to die. Your leukemia cells will be tested to see if targeted therapy may be helpful for you. Targeted therapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy during induction therapy.

• #27 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells and is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Usually 2 or 3 drugs are given together. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is sometimes treated with targeted therapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] A stem cell transplant replaces blood-forming stem cells when stem cells or the bone marrow or both have been damaged.

• #28 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  High doses of chemotherapy are given to kill cancer cells. Healthy cells, including blood-forming cells, are also destroyed by the cancer treatment. Stem cell transplant is a treatment to replace the blood-forming cells. […] Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia may cause side effects. […] Standard treatment of untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission induction phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, combination chemotherapy with targeted therapy (midostaurin or quizartinib), for people whose AML has a mutation in the FLT3 gene, combination chemotherapy with the targeted therapy drug gemtuzumab ozogamicin, intrathecal chemotherapy (cytarabine or methotrexate), for central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, supportive care.

• #29 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] There is evidence that patients who are treated have longer survival than those who are not treated. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care. […] In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML.

• #30 How Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Treated at MSK: An Interview With Eytan Stein | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treated-msk-interview-eytan-stein

  Enasidenib (Idhifa) was approved to treat AML that carries a mutation in a gene called IDH2. Ivosidenib (Tibsovo) targets cancers with a mutation in the related gene IDH1. […] Both enasidenib and ivosidenib work by converting cancer cells back into normal cells rather than killing them. […] A new class of drugs called menin inhibitors are showing great promise for some cases of advanced AML. […] The approval came after we reported pivotal results from the phase 2 portion of the first-ever clinical trial of revumenib, which was developed based on research conducted at MSK. […] Weve been able to develop all these new treatments because thanks to research in both the lab and the clinic we now have a much better understanding of what drives this disease. […] Blood or marrow stem cell transplants are recommended for many, but not all, people with AML.

• #31 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] There is evidence that patients who are treated have longer survival than those who are not treated. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care. […] In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML.

• #32 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Medication: A Comprehensive List

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/acute-myeloid-leukemia-medication

  Sometimes, doctors may combine chemo with a stem cell transplant to help ensure the creation of new, healthy blood cells that these cancer drugs might otherwise destroy. […] Targeted therapies are among the most widely researched treatment options for AML because they can target specific genes and their proteins that contribute to cancer growth. […] Doctors may use the following targeted therapy at the same time as, or in place of, chemo for AML: FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Monoclonal antibodies. […] Currently, the only approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML treatment is venetoclax (Venclexta). […] The best AML drug of choice depends on several factors, such as your age and overall health, whether the cancer has progressed, and whether you’ve previously undergone treatment and are experiencing a relapse. […] Quizartinib (Vanflyta) is the most recent drug approved for AML treatment, having received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2023. […] Talk with a healthcare professional about your medication options to determine how they might fit into your overall AML treatment plan.

• #33 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #34 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Medication: A Comprehensive List

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/acute-myeloid-leukemia-medication

  Sometimes, doctors may combine chemo with a stem cell transplant to help ensure the creation of new, healthy blood cells that these cancer drugs might otherwise destroy. […] Targeted therapies are among the most widely researched treatment options for AML because they can target specific genes and their proteins that contribute to cancer growth. […] Doctors may use the following targeted therapy at the same time as, or in place of, chemo for AML: FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors, Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, Monoclonal antibodies. […] Currently, the only approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML treatment is venetoclax (Venclexta). […] The best AML drug of choice depends on several factors, such as your age and overall health, whether the cancer has progressed, and whether you’ve previously undergone treatment and are experiencing a relapse. […] Quizartinib (Vanflyta) is the most recent drug approved for AML treatment, having received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2023. […] Talk with a healthcare professional about your medication options to determine how they might fit into your overall AML treatment plan.

• #35 Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/leukemias/treatment/acute-myeloid-leukemia

  MSK researchers are conducting clinical trials targeting specific genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities commonly found in AML. These genes include FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, and MLL. Targeted therapies often have fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy drugs. […] Monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered proteins designed to target specific sites called antigens. Antigens are located on the surface of tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies stimulate the normal immune system to destroy cancer cells or block key actions that cancer cells need to survive. […] Researchers at MSK are evaluating vaccines made from protein pieces (peptides) found on AML cells. The immune system recognizes these peptides as abnormal.

• #36 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] There is evidence that patients who are treated have longer survival than those who are not treated. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care. […] In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML.

• #37 How Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Treated at MSK: An Interview With Eytan Stein | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treated-msk-interview-eytan-stein

  Enasidenib (Idhifa) was approved to treat AML that carries a mutation in a gene called IDH2. Ivosidenib (Tibsovo) targets cancers with a mutation in the related gene IDH1. […] Both enasidenib and ivosidenib work by converting cancer cells back into normal cells rather than killing them. […] A new class of drugs called menin inhibitors are showing great promise for some cases of advanced AML. […] The approval came after we reported pivotal results from the phase 2 portion of the first-ever clinical trial of revumenib, which was developed based on research conducted at MSK. […] Weve been able to develop all these new treatments because thanks to research in both the lab and the clinic we now have a much better understanding of what drives this disease. […] Blood or marrow stem cell transplants are recommended for many, but not all, people with AML.

• #38 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] There is evidence that patients who are treated have longer survival than those who are not treated. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care. […] In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML.

• #39 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/acute-myeloid-leukemia.html

  Fred Hutch Cancer Center provides all standard therapies for AML. Our experts are national leaders in AML research and have developed many of these approaches. […] Many of our AML patients join clinical trials led by world-class physicians from Fred Hutch and UW Medicine to be able to try the newest therapies that are not available anywhere else. […] More than two dozen medicines are already approved to treat this disease, and many new options are being developed. […] The first phase of treatment is meant to put the disease in remission. The next phase is to clear any AML cells that remain. Usually, the main form of treatment is chemotherapy. Some people also get targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Others have a blood or marrow transplant. We combine treatments to fit your exact case.

• #40 Acute Myeloid Leukemia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507875/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly progressing myeloid neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem cells, known as blasts, in the bone marrow. […] Treatment options vary depending on patient-specific factors, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative therapy. Although the administration of multiagent induction chemotherapy can achieve complete remission, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only established curative therapy. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative therapy for AML and should be considered for any patient with intermediate- or high-risk disease who achieves complete remission. […] Induction therapy represents the standard of care for all patients with AML, and decisions regarding the selection of induction chemotherapy should not be solely based on age.

• #41 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Bone marrow transplant. A bone marrow transplant, also called a bone marrow stem cell transplant, involves putting healthy bone marrow stem cells into the body. These cells replace cells hurt by chemotherapy and other treatments. A bone marrow stem cell transplant may be used for both remission induction and consolidation therapy. […] Before a bone marrow transplant, you receive very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy your leukemia-producing bone marrow. Then you receive infusions of stem cells from a compatible donor. This is called an allogeneic transplant. […] There is an increased risk of infection after a transplant. […] Clinical trials. Some people with leukemia choose to enroll in clinical trials to try experimental treatments or new combinations of known therapies.

• #42 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Bone marrow transplant. A bone marrow transplant, also called a bone marrow stem cell transplant, involves putting healthy bone marrow stem cells into the body. These cells replace cells hurt by chemotherapy and other treatments. A bone marrow stem cell transplant may be used for both remission induction and consolidation therapy. […] Before a bone marrow transplant, you receive very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy your leukemia-producing bone marrow. Then you receive infusions of stem cells from a compatible donor. This is called an allogeneic transplant. […] There is an increased risk of infection after a transplant. […] Clinical trials. Some people with leukemia choose to enroll in clinical trials to try experimental treatments or new combinations of known therapies.

• #43 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6212-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Consolidation therapy kills any remaining cancerous cells. It lowers the risk of cancer recurrence (coming back). Most people receive high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) or HiDAC five days each month for three or four months. […] Often, consolidation therapy eliminates AML. In some cases, however, providers may recommend ongoing treatment using low doses of chemotherapy. Maintenance therapy may continue for months or years. Chemotherapy drugs for maintenance therapy may include: Azacitidine (Vidaza), Decitabine (Dacogen), Midostaurin (Rydapt). […] Allogeneic stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from related or unrelated donors. Providers may obtain stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood or cord blood (blood collected from umbilical cords after birth). […] Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only way to cure acute myeloid leukemia. Depending on your situation, your provider may recommend stem cell transplantation as your first AML treatment or if you have AML that comes back within 12 months. Unfortunately, not everyone may be a candidate for stem cell transplantation.

• #44 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Most patients younger than 60 years should be evaluated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT). […] High-dose cytarabine for four cycles is a standard option for consolidation therapy in younger patients. […] In 2020, the FDA approved an oral formulation of azacitidine (Onureg) for the continued treatment of adult patients with AML who have achieved first CR or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following intensive induction chemotherapy but are not able to complete intensive curative therapy. […] The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) considers that in patients with AML who are under age 55, allogeneic HCT offers no survival advantage for those with low-risk cytogenetics who are in first clinical remission, but does offer a survival advantage versus chemotherapy for those with high-risk cytogenetics.

• #45 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062869

  The standard postremission therapy for AML patients in remission is high-dose cytarabine; however, there exists some controversy about whether it benefits all younger AML patients in first complete response versus selected subgroups, such as those with core-binding factor abnormalities. The duration of postremission therapy has ranged from one cycle to four or more cycles. […] Allogeneic HCT, even with minimal conditioning chemotherapy, results in the lowest incidence of leukemic relapse, even when compared with HCT from an identical twin (syngeneic HCT). This finding led to the concept of an immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect, similar to (and related to) graft-versus-host disease. The improvement in freedom from relapse using allogeneic HCT as the primary postremission therapy is offset, at least in part, by the increased morbidity and mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, and infection.

• #46 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062869

  The use of allogeneic HCT in adults requires either a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor, an HLA-matched unrelated donor, a haploidentical donor („half HLA-matched”), or two well-matched umbilical cord blood units. […] The addition of midostaurin led to improved survival (median, 75 vs. 26 months; HR for death, 0.78; one-sided P= .009). […] The addition of quizartinib led to improved survival (median, 31.9 vs. 15.1 months; HR for death, 0.78; P= .032). […] ATO has high rates of second remission in patients with relapsed APL. As a single agent, ATO can lead to complete response rates of 80% to 90% in patients with hematologic relapse, and 70% to 80% in patients with molecular remission.

• #47 Acute myelogenous leukemia – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369115

  Bone marrow transplant. A bone marrow transplant, also called a bone marrow stem cell transplant, involves putting healthy bone marrow stem cells into the body. These cells replace cells hurt by chemotherapy and other treatments. A bone marrow stem cell transplant may be used for both remission induction and consolidation therapy. […] Before a bone marrow transplant, you receive very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy your leukemia-producing bone marrow. Then you receive infusions of stem cells from a compatible donor. This is called an allogeneic transplant. […] There is an increased risk of infection after a transplant. […] Clinical trials. Some people with leukemia choose to enroll in clinical trials to try experimental treatments or new combinations of known therapies.

• #48 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Post-remission therapy is given with the intention of killing leukemia cells that may remain in the bone marrow or blood, but are undetectable under the microscope. […] There are three basic treatment choices for post-remission therapy: Additional chemotherapy, sometimes called remission consolidation therapy; Stem cell transplantation from a healthy donor (allogeneic stem cell transplantation); Stem cell transplantation using your own stem cells (autologous stem cell transplantation). […] Treatment decisions for older people with AML are best made on a case-by-case basis. Less-intensive treatments, such as azacitidine or decitabine, with or without venetoclax, can be effective against AML and are generally better tolerated than intensive induction therapy in older patients. […] A limited number of treatments are effective in the treatment of AML that does not respond to induction therapy or AML that relapses after initial chemotherapy.

• #49 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  It’s important that your doctor is experienced in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or has access to an AML specialist. […] Doctors use several types of treatment for adults with AML, some at different stages. […] Treatment for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of AML, differs from other AML treatments. […] Most AML patients, particularly patients with high white cell counts, need treatment soon after diagnosis because the disease can progress rapidly. […] A number of factors affect the choice and outcome of treatment, including the following: Your AML subtype, The results of cytogenetic analysis, Whether you have received chemotherapy in the past to treat another type of cancer, Whether you have had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another blood cancer, Whether the AML is in your central nervous system, Whether your AML has not responded to treatment or has relapsed, The presence of systemic infection at diagnosis, Your age and general health.

• #50 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), for low-risk to intermediate-risk disease, ATRA plus combination chemotherapy, followed by ATO, for high-risk disease. […] Treatment of recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: arsenic trioxide (ATO) with or without chemotherapy, stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells or donor stem cells.

• #51 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), for low-risk to intermediate-risk disease, ATRA plus combination chemotherapy, followed by ATO, for high-risk disease. […] Treatment of recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: arsenic trioxide (ATO) with or without chemotherapy, stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells or donor stem cells.

• #52 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Low-intensity treatment with azacitidine plus venetoclax has emerged as the most effective option for older or unfit AML patients, based on a network meta-analysis of 26 trials involving 4,920 participants. […] First-line treatment of AML consists primarily of chemotherapy, and is divided into two phases: induction and consolidation. The goal of induction therapy is to achieve a complete remission by reducing the number of leukemic cells to an undetectable level; the goal of consolidation therapy is to eliminate any residual undetectable disease and achieve a cure. […] Acute promyelocytic leukemia is treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and either arsenic trioxide (ATO) monotherapy or an anthracycline. […] Even after complete remission is achieved, leukemic cells likely remain in numbers too small to be detected with current diagnostic techniques. If no consolidation therapy or further postremission is given, almost all people with AML will eventually relapse.

• #53 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO), for low-risk to intermediate-risk disease, ATRA plus combination chemotherapy, followed by ATO, for high-risk disease. […] Treatment of recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) may include: arsenic trioxide (ATO) with or without chemotherapy, stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells or donor stem cells.

• #54 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment & Pharmacologic Management – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pharmacologic-management/

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most prevalent adult acute leukemia. Survival is highly dependent on age; younger patients with AML have a 5-year survival rate of nearly 50%, while those older than 60 have a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. […] APL is highly treatable, with 95% of patients surviving long-term. […] AML treatment is based on cytogenetic features known to affect prognosis. […] Patients with newly diagnosed AML should undergo intensive induction therapy when possible. For those in the favorable-risk group, induction therapy typically consists of the 7+3 chemotherapy regimen, in which patients receive cytarabine 100 to 200 mg/m2 in a continuous infusion for 7 days with the addition of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 for the first 3 days. […] Adding cladribine to 7+3 chemotherapy may also improve survival rates.

• #55 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) – Blood Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/leukemias/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml

  Allogeneic stem cell transplantation („allogeneic” means the stem cells are from another person) is done after induction and consolidation in some people at risk of relapse. […] People with acute promyelocytic leukemia can be treated with a type of vitamin A called all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin). Chemotherapy is frequently combined with the all-trans-retinoic acid, especially if the person has a high white blood cell count at the time of diagnosis or if the white blood cell count rises suddenly. Arsenic trioxide is also uniquely effective in this subtype of AML.

• #56 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/acute-myeloid-leukemia-symptoms-treatments

  Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. You may have external beam radiation therapy, where the radiation is concentrated on just the part of your body with cancer. If AML recurs and you’re planning on having a stem cell transplant, you may get total-body irradiation, where a large machine directs radiation toward your whole body. […] Stem cell transplant. When you have had an AML recurrence or are at high risk for it, you and your doctor may decide to replace the abnormal immature blood cells (stem cells) in your bone marrow with either your own or those from a donor. These cells will restore your bone marrow so you can make the blood cells you need. […] Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy is a treatment that targets specific chemicals cancer cells make that help them grow, divide, and spread.

• #57 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells and is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Usually 2 or 3 drugs are given together. […] Targeted therapy uses drugs to target specific molecules on cancer cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is sometimes treated with targeted therapy. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It is sometimes used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). […] A stem cell transplant replaces blood-forming stem cells when stem cells or the bone marrow or both have been damaged.

• #58 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Younger patients and older „fit” patients can receive intensive induction therapy. Patients with poor performance status, significant comorbidities, and/or advanced age (ie, some patients 60 years old and most patients 70 years old) should receive low-intensity therapy, or supportive care if a clinical trial is not available. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for certain patients. […] Various acceptable induction regimens are available. The most common approach, „3 + 7,” consists of 3 days of a 15- to 30-minute infusion of an anthracycline (idarubicin or daunorubicin) or anthracenedione (mitoxantrone), combined with 100-200 mg/m2 of cytarabine (arabinosylcytosine; ara-C) as a 24-hour infusion daily for 7 days. […] Improved outcomes have been reported with induction regimens using a higher dose of daunorubicin (90 mg/m2/d for 3 d compared with 45 mg/m2/d).

• #59 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  As you develop a treatment plan with your doctor, be sure to discuss: The goal of treatment, The possibility of participating in a clinical trial, where you’ll have access to advanced medical treatment that may be more beneficial to you than standard treatment, Potential side effects, including long-term and late effects. […] Patients Aged 60 Years and Older: AML occurs more frequently in older adults; at least half of patients are older than 65 years of age when the disease is diagnosed. Treatment approaches for these patients range from standard intensive induction chemotherapy to less intensive therapies, or the best supportive care. Additionally, there are a growing number of new treatment options available for older adults. […] The treatment of AML in older patients is a challenge due to certain factors: Higher occurrence of unfavorable cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in the leukemia cells, Difficulty tolerating more intense cancer treatments, Comorbidities (other medical problems), including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and a history of stroke or lung disease.

• #60 Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment-in-adults-beyond-the-basics

  Patient education: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adults (Beyond the Basics) […] A number of chemotherapy medications are effective against AML. The goal of treatment is to kill the malignant cells while limiting the effects on the residual normal bone marrow cells. […] The usual treatment of AML is divided into two phases: induction of remission and post-remission therapy. […] The initial phase of treatment is called remission induction (or induction therapy). The goal of induction therapy is to decrease the number of leukemia cells to an undetectable level, restore the production of normal blood cells, and relieve AML-related symptoms. […] Intensive remission induction therapy for AML generally includes a drug called cytarabine (usually given as a continuous intravenous infusion for seven days) plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin (given as intravenous injections on the first three days of treatment); this combination is sometimes called the „7+3” regimen.

• #61 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Younger patients and older „fit” patients can receive intensive induction therapy. Patients with poor performance status, significant comorbidities, and/or advanced age (ie, some patients 60 years old and most patients 70 years old) should receive low-intensity therapy, or supportive care if a clinical trial is not available. […] Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for certain patients. […] Various acceptable induction regimens are available. The most common approach, „3 + 7,” consists of 3 days of a 15- to 30-minute infusion of an anthracycline (idarubicin or daunorubicin) or anthracenedione (mitoxantrone), combined with 100-200 mg/m2 of cytarabine (arabinosylcytosine; ara-C) as a 24-hour infusion daily for 7 days. […] Improved outcomes have been reported with induction regimens using a higher dose of daunorubicin (90 mg/m2/d for 3 d compared with 45 mg/m2/d).

• #62 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Most patients younger than 60 years should be evaluated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT). […] High-dose cytarabine for four cycles is a standard option for consolidation therapy in younger patients. […] In 2020, the FDA approved an oral formulation of azacitidine (Onureg) for the continued treatment of adult patients with AML who have achieved first CR or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following intensive induction chemotherapy but are not able to complete intensive curative therapy. […] The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) considers that in patients with AML who are under age 55, allogeneic HCT offers no survival advantage for those with low-risk cytogenetics who are in first clinical remission, but does offer a survival advantage versus chemotherapy for those with high-risk cytogenetics.

• #63 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Health Professional Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.acute-myeloid-leukemia-treatment-pdq%C2%AE-treatment-health-professional-information-nci.ncicdr0000062869

  The standard postremission therapy for AML patients in remission is high-dose cytarabine; however, there exists some controversy about whether it benefits all younger AML patients in first complete response versus selected subgroups, such as those with core-binding factor abnormalities. The duration of postremission therapy has ranged from one cycle to four or more cycles. […] Allogeneic HCT, even with minimal conditioning chemotherapy, results in the lowest incidence of leukemic relapse, even when compared with HCT from an identical twin (syngeneic HCT). This finding led to the concept of an immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect, similar to (and related to) graft-versus-host disease. The improvement in freedom from relapse using allogeneic HCT as the primary postremission therapy is offset, at least in part, by the increased morbidity and mortality caused by graft-versus-host disease, veno-occlusive disease of the liver, and infection.

• #64 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Most patients younger than 60 years should be evaluated for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT). […] High-dose cytarabine for four cycles is a standard option for consolidation therapy in younger patients. […] In 2020, the FDA approved an oral formulation of azacitidine (Onureg) for the continued treatment of adult patients with AML who have achieved first CR or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) following intensive induction chemotherapy but are not able to complete intensive curative therapy. […] The American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (ASBMT) considers that in patients with AML who are under age 55, allogeneic HCT offers no survival advantage for those with low-risk cytogenetics who are in first clinical remission, but does offer a survival advantage versus chemotherapy for those with high-risk cytogenetics.

• #65 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Targeted therapy is available for the following forms of AML: CD33-positive AML, FLT3-mutated AML, FLT3 internal tandem duplicationpositive AML, IDH-mutated AML. […] Overall, the results of treatment of AML in elderly patients (particularly those older than 75 years) remain unsatisfactory. […] Despite the low rate of chemotherapy use in these patients, approximately 90% of them were hospitalized, and the patients spent approximately one third of their remaining days in the hospital. […] There is evidence that patients who are treated have longer survival than those who are not treated. […] American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in older adults recommend offering antileukemia therapy over best supportive care. […] In 2018, the FDA approved glasdegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, for newly diagnosed AML.

• #66 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  As you develop a treatment plan with your doctor, be sure to discuss: The goal of treatment, The possibility of participating in a clinical trial, where you’ll have access to advanced medical treatment that may be more beneficial to you than standard treatment, Potential side effects, including long-term and late effects. […] Patients Aged 60 Years and Older: AML occurs more frequently in older adults; at least half of patients are older than 65 years of age when the disease is diagnosed. Treatment approaches for these patients range from standard intensive induction chemotherapy to less intensive therapies, or the best supportive care. Additionally, there are a growing number of new treatment options available for older adults. […] The treatment of AML in older patients is a challenge due to certain factors: Higher occurrence of unfavorable cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities in the leukemia cells, Difficulty tolerating more intense cancer treatments, Comorbidities (other medical problems), including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, and a history of stroke or lung disease.

• #67 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #68 How Acute Myeloid Leukemia Is Treated at MSK: An Interview With Eytan Stein | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/news/how-acute-myeloid-leukemia-treated-msk-interview-eytan-stein

  Hematologic oncologist Eytan Stein (shown here with nurse practitioner Coleen Ranaghan) has led the development of several new drugs for acute myeloid leukemia. […] Dr. Stein discussed the latest advances in treatment for this blood cancer and how people can benefit from receiving their treatment at MSK. […] But since 2017, there have been many new drugs approved. These drugs target mutant proteins that are common in patients with AML as well as proteins that are not mutated but are important in the development and persistence of AML. […] One of the new drugs is called venetoclax (Venclexta). It targets a protein in leukemia cells called BCL-2. Targeting BCL-2 causes leukemia cells to die. […] In AML, the combination of venetoclax with an older drug called azacytidine has been approved for older patients. This treatment has truly remarkable efficacy: Nearly 70% of patients will go into remission.

• #69 Breakthrough Research Advances Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | Update | Montefiore Einstein Now

  https://montefioreeinsteinnow.org/update/2023-apr-4/breakthrough-research-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-treatment

  A leader in AML research, Marina Konopleva, MD, PhDs discovery prolongs and significantly improves quality of life for patients with the disease. […] Dr. Konoplevas breakthrough work is offering new hope, however. […] She discovered that a targeted therapy combining venetoclax (a drug that works on specific cancer cells) with low-dose chemotherapies could extend survival for people newly diagnosed with AML. HMA/venetoclax treatment was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October 2020 and has quickly become the standard of care for all AML patients. […] Until the FDA approval, there were no alternatives to traditional chemotherapy for people whose age or other health condition precluded the use of traditional chemotherapy. […] While certain low-dose chemotherapies can prolong a persons life by nine months on average, when taken in combination with venetoclax, patients can survive an average of 14.5 months.

• #70 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #71 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #72 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #73 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  Older patients who are physically fit and have no serious health problems may benefit from intensive treatment. […] Patients whose overall health make them poor candidates for intensive chemotherapy may still be able to participate in clinical trials. They may benefit from lower-intensity therapies which may relieve symptoms, improve quality of life and potentially extend survival. […] If your child is being treated for AML, therapy may differ slightly from that of the average adult’s therapy.

• #74 How We Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  Traditionally, this was the phase of your therapy when you get intensive chemotherapy. However, with more effective frontline treatment options now available, the remission induction phase may now include intensive or less intensive treatments to get patients into remission. […] There are also treatment options for patients not recommended for intensive therapy. For these patients, azacitidine and venetoclax-based treatments may be considered. […] The goal of consolidation therapy is to prevent relapse by killing any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow. […] Some patients, including older adults who would not benefit from intensive initial chemotherapy, may benefit from an allogeneic stem cell transplant as part of initial treatment or as part of treatment for relapsed disease.

• #75 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, maintenance therapy with midostaurin, for people whose AML has a mutation in the FLT3 gene, maintenance therapy with chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells, high-dose chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, or reduced-intensity therapy, followed by a stem cell transplant using donor stem cells. […] Treatment of refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy with enasidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gilteritinib, ivosidenib, or revumenib, stem cell transplant using donor stem cells.

• #76 What Is Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-cancer-refractory-relapsed-prognosis-symptoms-treatment-more/

  This is an emerging field that focuses on unique traits of cancer cells, such as specific genetic mutations or proteins. Drugs that attack these targets can block the growth and spread of cancer cells while limiting damage to healthy tissue. […] When cancer cells are still detectable after initial treatment, the patient is said to have refractory AML. […] If AML returns after a period of remission it is called relapsed or recurrent AML. […] Treatment for relapsed AML may involve the drugs used to treat the AML initially, perhaps in new combinations or at a different pace.

• #77 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2004793-overview

  There is no standard therapy for patients age 60 years and older; clinical trial participation is preferred. […] Recommended chemotherapy regimens for relapsed or refractory disease include Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (MEC) and CLAG-M (cladribine, cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and filgrastim). […] For relapsed or refractory IDH1-positive AML, Ivosidenib 500 mg PO once daily with or without food, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. […] For relapsed or refractory FLT3-positive AML, Gilteritinib 120 mg PO once daily for at least 6 months for a clinical response or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

• #78 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, maintenance therapy with midostaurin, for people whose AML has a mutation in the FLT3 gene, maintenance therapy with chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells, high-dose chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, or reduced-intensity therapy, followed by a stem cell transplant using donor stem cells. […] Treatment of refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy with enasidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gilteritinib, ivosidenib, or revumenib, stem cell transplant using donor stem cells.

• #79 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65939/

  Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the remission phase depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy that includes cytarabine, maintenance therapy with midostaurin, for people whose AML has a mutation in the FLT3 gene, maintenance therapy with chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant using the patient’s stem cells, high-dose chemotherapy, with or without radiation therapy, or reduced-intensity therapy, followed by a stem cell transplant using donor stem cells. […] Treatment of refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depends on the subtype of AML and may include: combination chemotherapy, targeted therapy with enasidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gilteritinib, ivosidenib, or revumenib, stem cell transplant using donor stem cells.

• #80 Treatment options for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/treating-aml/decisions-about-your-treatment

  Non intensive treatment is usually a combination of a chemotherapy drug with a targeted cancer drug. […] Supportive treatments are part of intensive and non intensive treatment. They can, for example, help to prevent or treat side effects. […] Some people have a collection of AML cells that might form a lump in other areas of the body. Or they might have AML cells that have spread to the fluid around the brain or spinal cord. The treatments for these might include: radiotherapy to the area where the AML cells have collected to form a lump, intrathecal chemotherapy to treat the cells that have spread to the fluid around brain and spinal cord. […] Your doctor might recommend you have: more chemotherapy or targeted drugs, a stem cell transplant, treatment as part of a clinical trial. […] Treatment for relapsed leukaemia depends on: how long you were in remission, your age, general health and level of fitness, if you have gene changes (mutations) in the leukaemia cells, what treatment you’ve had before. […] You usually have treatment for AML as part of a clinical trial. Doctors and researchers do trials to improve treatment, make existing treatments better, develop new treatments.

• #81 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2004793-overview

  There is no standard therapy for patients age 60 years and older; clinical trial participation is preferred. […] Recommended chemotherapy regimens for relapsed or refractory disease include Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine (MEC) and CLAG-M (cladribine, cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and filgrastim). […] For relapsed or refractory IDH1-positive AML, Ivosidenib 500 mg PO once daily with or without food, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. […] For relapsed or refractory FLT3-positive AML, Gilteritinib 120 mg PO once daily for at least 6 months for a clinical response or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

• #82 Treatment options for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/treating-aml/decisions-about-your-treatment

  Non intensive treatment is usually a combination of a chemotherapy drug with a targeted cancer drug. […] Supportive treatments are part of intensive and non intensive treatment. They can, for example, help to prevent or treat side effects. […] Some people have a collection of AML cells that might form a lump in other areas of the body. Or they might have AML cells that have spread to the fluid around the brain or spinal cord. The treatments for these might include: radiotherapy to the area where the AML cells have collected to form a lump, intrathecal chemotherapy to treat the cells that have spread to the fluid around brain and spinal cord. […] Your doctor might recommend you have: more chemotherapy or targeted drugs, a stem cell transplant, treatment as part of a clinical trial. […] Treatment for relapsed leukaemia depends on: how long you were in remission, your age, general health and level of fitness, if you have gene changes (mutations) in the leukaemia cells, what treatment you’ve had before. […] You usually have treatment for AML as part of a clinical trial. Doctors and researchers do trials to improve treatment, make existing treatments better, develop new treatments.

• #83 Typical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Except APL) | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treating/typical-treatment-of-aml.html

  Options for these people might include: […] Low-intensity chemo with a drug such as low-dose cytarabine (LDAC), azacitidine (Vidaza), or decitabine (Dacogen). This is often given along with a targeted drug such as venetoclax (Venclexta) or sometimes glasdegib (Daurismo). […] Some people might decide against chemo and other drugs and instead choose only supportive (or palliative) care. This focuses on treating any symptoms or complications that arise and keeping the person as comfortable as possible.

• #84 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] There are two treatment phases of AML: […] Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. […] Consolidation therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of consolidation therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy. […] Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment. […] Patients must be closely monitored during treatment of AML. Myelosuppression, a condition which results in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is a side effect of both AML and treatment with chemotherapy. Supportive care during remission induction therapy may include: […] red blood cell and platelet transfusions to replace blood cells destroyed by the cancer or its treatment […] antibiotics and antifungals to prevent or treat infections.

• #85 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprise a variety of chemotherapy regimens, biologic agents, and stem cell transplantation. […] Current standard chemotherapy regimens cure only a minority of patients with AML. As a result, all patients should be evaluated for entry into well-designed clinical trials. If a clinical trial is not available, the patient can be treated with standard therapy. […] Appropriate transfusion support must be provided to patients with AML. This includes transfusion of platelets and clotting factors (fresh frozen plasma [FFP], cryoprecipitate) as guided by the patients blood test results and bleeding history. […] Patients with AML are best treated at a center whose staff has significant experience in the treatment of leukemia. […] Historically, treatment of AML has been divided into two phases: induction therapy, with the goal of inducing remission, and consolidation (post-remission) therapy, with the goal of maintaining remission.

• #86 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] There are two treatment phases of AML: […] Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. […] Consolidation therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of consolidation therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy. […] Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment. […] Patients must be closely monitored during treatment of AML. Myelosuppression, a condition which results in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is a side effect of both AML and treatment with chemotherapy. Supportive care during remission induction therapy may include: […] red blood cell and platelet transfusions to replace blood cells destroyed by the cancer or its treatment […] antibiotics and antifungals to prevent or treat infections.

• #87 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®): Treatment – Patient Information [NCI] | The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore

  https://www.cham.org/health-library/article?id=ncicdr0000257990

  The treatment of AML usually has two phases. […] There are two treatment phases of AML: […] Remission induction therapy is the first phase of treatment. The goal is to kill the leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. This puts the leukemia into remission. […] Consolidation therapy is the second phase of treatment. It begins after the leukemia is in remission. The goal of consolidation therapy is to kill any remaining leukemia cells that may not be active but could begin to regrow and cause a relapse. This phase is also called remission continuation therapy. […] Patients receive supportive care for side effects of treatment. […] Patients must be closely monitored during treatment of AML. Myelosuppression, a condition which results in fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, is a side effect of both AML and treatment with chemotherapy. Supportive care during remission induction therapy may include: […] red blood cell and platelet transfusions to replace blood cells destroyed by the cancer or its treatment […] antibiotics and antifungals to prevent or treat infections.

• #88 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/acute-myelogenous-leukemia-aml

  Blood transfusions are sometimes used for patients who have anemia who cannot make their own red blood cells. Platelets are commonly transfused when platelet counts are low. White blood cells are occasionally transfused to treat severe infections that do not respond to antibiotics. Plasma, the fluid part of blood in which the blood cells are suspended, is transfused in patients who are not able to make the proteins that clot the blood. […] Antibiotics are used to prevent or treat infections. […] Treatment of pediatric AML takes six to nine months and involves three or four courses of chemotherapy and may also involve stem cell transplantation.

• #89 Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/acute-myeloid-leukaemia-aml/treating-aml

  Treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) usually starts quite quickly after being diagnosed. […] AML treatment is generally divided into intensive or non intensive treatment. Chemotherapy is the main treatment in both. […] Treatment for AML is generally divided into intensive and non intensive treatment. The main treatment in both situations is chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). […] There are different types of targeted cancer drugs for AML. […] Leukapheresis is a way of filtering the blood to remove white blood cells when there are too many. […] A stem cell or bone marrow transplant is a treatment for AML. […] You might have radiotherapy as part of your treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. […] Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) treatment can cause side effects.

• #90 Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatments/chemotherapy-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  To reduce leukemia cells before chemotherapy begins, your doctor may perform a procedure called leukapheresis, in which excess white blood cellsincluding cancerous onesare passed through a machine and removed from the blood. […] Chemotherapy is designed to attack cells that divide quickly, so it also affects healthy cells. The drugs can lower healthy blood cell levels and may lead to infection, easy bruising or bleeding, and fatigue. This is called cytopenia.

• #91 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/acute-myeloid-leukemia-symptoms-treatments

  Different types of treatment are available for AML, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, and supportive therapy. Your cancer care team will work with you to decide your best treatment plan. This will depend on many different factors, such as: […] In general, treatment of AML occurs in two phases: […] Remission induction therapy. This aims to kill the leukemia cells in your blood and bone marrow, allowing you to go into remission. Remission means you have little or no signs of cancer. […] Post-remission or remission continuation therapy (called consolidation therapy in the past). After you have achieved remission, this therapy aims to kill any remaining leukemia cells so the cancer doesn’t come back (relapse). […] During treatment, you will be closely monitored for myelosuppression, which is a side effect of chemotherapy where your body doesn’t make enough blood cells to keep you healthy. You may get supportive therapy for this, such as red blood cell and platelet transfusions or antibiotics and antifungals to prevent infections.

• #92 Self-Care During Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: 6 Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/self-care-during-treatment

  The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment process typically involves two chemotherapy stages: induction and consolidation. During these stages, doctors try to reduce and eliminate the leukemia cells in the blood. […] Practicing self-care can make it easier for you to manage AML treatment. It can also give you the strength needed to support and protect your body during this time. […] AML treatment may affect your food preferences and appetite. […] You may not feel like exercising during AML treatment, but many find that moderate activity helps relieve fatigue. It can also help stop muscle loss and maintain strength while you’re undergoing cancer therapy. […] AML diagnosis and treatment can trigger many emotional responses. […] Speak with your healthcare professional if you’re experiencing mental health effects due to AML. Your doctor may be able to connect you to community support. […] Self-care can help you feel better and make it easier to manage the stages of AML treatment. Speak with your doctor about making a plan for maintaining your quality of life during AML treatment.

• #93 Self-Care During Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: 6 Tips

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/self-care-during-treatment

  The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment process typically involves two chemotherapy stages: induction and consolidation. During these stages, doctors try to reduce and eliminate the leukemia cells in the blood. […] Practicing self-care can make it easier for you to manage AML treatment. It can also give you the strength needed to support and protect your body during this time. […] AML treatment may affect your food preferences and appetite. […] You may not feel like exercising during AML treatment, but many find that moderate activity helps relieve fatigue. It can also help stop muscle loss and maintain strength while you’re undergoing cancer therapy. […] AML diagnosis and treatment can trigger many emotional responses. […] Speak with your healthcare professional if you’re experiencing mental health effects due to AML. Your doctor may be able to connect you to community support. […] Self-care can help you feel better and make it easier to manage the stages of AML treatment. Speak with your doctor about making a plan for maintaining your quality of life during AML treatment.

• #94 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-moving and aggressive cancer that demands timely and effective treatment. With the current acute myeloid leukemia therapies showing limited success for many patients, the focus has shifted to breakthrough AML drugs that are redefining the treatment landscape. From innovative small-molecule inhibitors to game-changing immunotherapies, these AML drugs have the potential to revolutionize how we approach this challenging disease. […] Several FDA-approved AML drugs, including VYXEOS (Jazz Pharmaceuticals), RYDAPT (Novartis), ONUREG (BMS), DAURISMO (Pfizer), TIBSOVO (Agios Pharma), VENCLEXTA (Abbvie), offer treatment options based on specific genetic mutations. The AML treatment landscape is continuously evolving with new drug approvals and designations. On January 22, 2025, Medexus received FDA approval for GRAFAPEX, an alkylating agent used with fludarabine for alloHSCT preparation in AML and MDS patients.

• #95 Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/acute-myeloid-leukemia.html

  At Fred Hutch, we provide all standard therapies for AML. We know how to choose the right ones for you and how to deliver them to give you the best chance at a full recovery. […] Our physicians and researchers are always asking how we can make AML treatments more effective and reduce side effects as much as possible. […] Physicians and scientists from Fred Hutch and UW Medicine are testing new treatments for AML and discovering new ways to use current AML treatments. […] Our AML clinical trials are testing dozens of therapies, including: Chemotherapy regimens, Targeted therapies, Immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapies, Bone marrow transplant regimens.

• #96 Study Highlights Promising New Treatment Option for Patients With Treatment-Resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center – Buffalo, NY

  https://www.roswellpark.org/newsroom/202409-study-highlights-promising-new-treatment-option-patients-treatment-resistant-acute

  Ziftomenib could be next targeted therapy approved to treat AML […] Results especially promising in patients with high-risk leukemia subtypes […] The results of the KOMET-001 study, published today in The Lancet Oncology, show that the drug part of a class of targeted therapies known as menin inhibitors produced a partial or complete response in about a third of patients, all of whom had received two or more prior therapies. […] Ziftomenib represents a huge step forward for the treatment of patients with these aggressive subtypes of acute leukemia, who currently have no other treatment options […] Ziftomenib, previously known as KO-539, works by blocking the interaction of two proteins menin and KMT2A MLL that enable certain leukemia cells to survive and multiply. […] But in the clinical trial, when patients with an NPM1 mutation were treated with the recommended 600 mg. daily dose of ziftomenib, 35% (7 of 20) achieved complete remission.

• #97 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Iomab-B is a first-in-class targeted radiotherapy developed by Actinium Pharmaceuticals to improve access to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/r AML). […] Uproleselan is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of AML, reflecting its potential to improve outcomes in this challenging disease. […] Aspacytarabine (BST-236) is a novel proprietary anti-metabolite designed to enhance the therapeutic profile of cytarabine. […] Ziftomenib is a novel, oral, once-daily investigational drug candidate designed to target the menin-KMT2A/MLL protein-protein interaction, specifically addressing the needs of genetically defined AML patients with high unmet clinical needs. […] The ASTX030-01 study is a multi-phase clinical trial evaluating the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of ASTX030.

• #98 Cell Therapies Emerge for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

  https://www.targetedonc.com/view/cell-therapies-emerge-for-the-treatment-of-acute-myeloid-leukemia

  Cellular therapies have shown effectiveness in treating hematologic malignancies, although their development for acute myeloid leukemia has been slower. However, identifying new targets is paving the way for advancing treatments in this area. […] Conventional treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is largely dependent on hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and intensive chemotherapy. However, recent breakthroughs in cellular therapy offer promising alternatives for treating this disease. […] Cellular therapies like hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have warranted new research, and novel cellular therapies also show potential for treating this disease. […] Daver identified a key issue as being able to move past the standard treatment combination of HMAs and venetoclax (Venclexta), which leaves room for improvement regarding survival outcomes.

• #99 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  While chemotherapy and HSCT are still the standard of care, emerging treatments like targeted inhibitors, immunotherapies, and novel combination regimens are shaping the future of AML management. […] In recent years, the acute myeloid leukemia pipeline has witnessed an influx of innovative therapies, including small molecules, targeted therapies, and immune-based treatments. […] These therapies offer the potential to improve remission rates and extend survival, particularly for patients with limited options with existing treatments. […] Key AML drugs to watch in the AML pipeline include Crenolanib (Arog Pharmaceuticals), Uproleselan (GlycoMimetics), Iomab-B (Actinium Pharmaceutical), BST-236 (BioSight), SLS009 (SELLAS Life Sciences), Bexmarilimab (Faron Pharmaceuticals), Ziftomenib (Kura Oncology), MK-0482 (Merck Sharp Dohme LLC), and others.

• #100 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Iomab-B is a first-in-class targeted radiotherapy developed by Actinium Pharmaceuticals to improve access to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (r/r AML). […] Uproleselan is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of AML, reflecting its potential to improve outcomes in this challenging disease. […] Aspacytarabine (BST-236) is a novel proprietary anti-metabolite designed to enhance the therapeutic profile of cytarabine. […] Ziftomenib is a novel, oral, once-daily investigational drug candidate designed to target the menin-KMT2A/MLL protein-protein interaction, specifically addressing the needs of genetically defined AML patients with high unmet clinical needs. […] The ASTX030-01 study is a multi-phase clinical trial evaluating the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of ASTX030.

• #101 Treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/leukemias/treatment/acute-myeloid-leukemia

  MSK researchers are conducting clinical trials targeting specific genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities commonly found in AML. These genes include FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, and MLL. Targeted therapies often have fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapy drugs. […] Monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered proteins designed to target specific sites called antigens. Antigens are located on the surface of tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies stimulate the normal immune system to destroy cancer cells or block key actions that cancer cells need to survive. […] Researchers at MSK are evaluating vaccines made from protein pieces (peptides) found on AML cells. The immune system recognizes these peptides as abnormal.

• #102 Understanding Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment Options – Lindenberg Cancer & Hematology Center Marlton, NJ 08053

  https://lindenbergcancer.com/blog/understanding-acute-myelogenous-leukemia-treatment-options/

  In preparation for a stem cell transplant, radiation therapy may also be used to eliminate remaining leukemia cells and suppress the immune system to prevent transplant rejection. […] Research into acute myelogenous leukemia treatment continues to expand, leading to innovative therapies that improve outcomes and reduce side effects. […] Patients can typically access these therapies through clinical trials if eligible. […] Immunotherapy is one of the most exciting areas of AML research. […] This approach enhances the body’s immune system to recognize and attack leukemia cells more effectively. […] Through acute myelogenous leukemia treatment, oncologists can help improve survival rates and enhance quality of life. […] With various standard treatments, emerging therapies, and supportive care options available, personalized treatment plans are designed to achieve better health outcomes.

• #103 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Stem cell transplantation from a donor, called allogenic stem cell transplantation, is usually pursued if the prognosis is not considered favourable, a person can tolerate a transplant and has a suitable donor. […] Target therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to target specific molecules that cancer cells need to survive and spread. […] Recent research into the role that epigenetic regulators play in hematopoietic malignancies has yielded new insights in the development of targeted epigenetic therapies as a supportive treatment for AML.

• #104 How We Treat Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  As a highly specialized center within Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center’s Center for Hematologic Oncology, the Adult Leukemia Program focuses on the distinct needs of leukemia patients. […] Your care will involve the latest treatments currently available, including the opportunity to participate in clinical trials of new therapies based on research in our laboratories and elsewhere in the field of leukemia treatment. […] We take a very personalized approach to your care. Using the most advanced sequencing techniques, we identify the mutations specific to your disease in order to plan the best treatment for you and identify if a clinical trial may be appropriate. […] The treatment of adult AML is usually done in phases. In addition to standard approaches outlined here, we offer clinical trial options for patients in all phases of treatment.

• #105 The Latest Treatment Options for Acute Myeloid Leukemia – InventUMPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–button

  https://news.med.miami.edu/the-latest-treatment-options-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia/

  When newly diagnosed AML patients are first seen at Sylvester, physicians evaluate whether they can tolerate intensive chemotherapy, said Dr. Venugopal. […] Patients also undergo a bone marrow biopsy, which is sent to Sylvester’s pathology department for a battery of tests. Such tests can determine the types of mutations present in the tumor and guide decisions about recommendations for targeted therapies. […] Both Drs. Sekeres and Venugopal credit the strength of the pathology team in helping Sylvester onboard the new treatment approaches, supporting an array of clinical trials and adapting to a fast-changing field. […] Dr. Venugopal’s and Dr. Sekeres’ new review should help physicians at other treatment centers make the best treatment recommendations, said Dr. Sekeres. […] At Sylvester, the new approaches are already changing patients’ quality of life. An increasing number of patients are being treated as outpatients at one of Sylvester’s 10 satellite locations in Florida, in addition to its Miami medical campus. […] If patients need more intensive care or transplantation, they have access to a fully dedicated inpatient leukemia unit in Miami. There, they interact with doctors, pharmacists, nurses, social workers and other experts specifically dedicated to people with a leukemia diagnosis.

• #106 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment | LLS.org

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment

  It’s important that your doctor is experienced in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or has access to an AML specialist. […] Doctors use several types of treatment for adults with AML, some at different stages. […] Treatment for patients diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique subtype of AML, differs from other AML treatments. […] Most AML patients, particularly patients with high white cell counts, need treatment soon after diagnosis because the disease can progress rapidly. […] A number of factors affect the choice and outcome of treatment, including the following: Your AML subtype, The results of cytogenetic analysis, Whether you have received chemotherapy in the past to treat another type of cancer, Whether you have had myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or another blood cancer, Whether the AML is in your central nervous system, Whether your AML has not responded to treatment or has relapsed, The presence of systemic infection at diagnosis, Your age and general health.

• #107 Treatments for acute myeloid leukemia | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml/treatment

  Your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. The plan is based on your health and specific information about the cancer. What you want is also important when planning treatment. When deciding which treatments to offer for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), your healthcare team will consider: […] Chemotherapy is the main treatment for AML. Targeted therapy and a stem cell transplant may also be used. […] Induction is the first phase of treatment. It involves intense chemotherapy. The goal of induction is to clear the blood and bone marrow of leukemia cells (blast cells, or blasts) and bring about a complete remission, or complete response. Targeted therapy may also be used if the cancer cells have certain genetic mutations. […] Consolidation is the second phase of treatment. It may also be called post-remission therapy. The goal of consolidation is to continue to rid the body of leukemia cells that remain in the body after induction. It is done to maintain complete remission and prevent relapse. Consolidation usually involves chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant. Targeted therapy may also be used for certain genetic mutations.

• #108 Acute myeloid leukemia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_myeloid_leukemia

  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and increased risk of infection. […] The first-line treatment of AML is usually chemotherapy, with the aim of inducing remission. People may then go on to receive additional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a stem cell transplant. […] Since 2017, 12 new agents have been approved for AML in the U.S., including venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (CD33 antibody-drug conjugate), and several inhibitors targeting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and other pathways.

• #109 https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment/treatment-outcomes

  https://www.lls.org/leukemia/acute-myeloid-leukemia/treatment/treatment-outcomes

  AML is a difficult disease to cure. Just a few decades ago, almost no adults with AML could be cured. But today, advances in understanding of the genetic features of the disease and the use of targeted therapies have resulted in improved remission and cure rates for AML patients.

• #110 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprise a variety of chemotherapy regimens, biologic agents, and stem cell transplantation. […] Current standard chemotherapy regimens cure only a minority of patients with AML. As a result, all patients should be evaluated for entry into well-designed clinical trials. If a clinical trial is not available, the patient can be treated with standard therapy. […] Appropriate transfusion support must be provided to patients with AML. This includes transfusion of platelets and clotting factors (fresh frozen plasma [FFP], cryoprecipitate) as guided by the patients blood test results and bleeding history. […] Patients with AML are best treated at a center whose staff has significant experience in the treatment of leukemia. […] Historically, treatment of AML has been divided into two phases: induction therapy, with the goal of inducing remission, and consolidation (post-remission) therapy, with the goal of maintaining remission.

• #111 Leukemia Treatment & Diagnosis | University of Kansas Cancer Center

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/cancer/cancer-types/leukemia

  In recent years we have seen studies and publications saying that getting treated at a high volume center, a center that treats a lot of patients with AML, being treated at an academic center, being treated at an NCI designated center actually improves outcomes. […] By being part of an academic medical center and being part of an NCI designated cancer center, we really have access to the most innovative and cutting edge clinical trials. […] Our goal was really to develop a comprehensive program, and our goal is to have a clinical trial for every patient. […] The key to identifying and getting patients quickly to transplant who are really gonna benefit from it is early access and early referrals. […] When we think about where AML has been to where it is now, we originally used to diagnose it just by looking at slides under the microscope based on the size and shape of the cells, and that’s how we would subtype people.

• #112 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/197802-treatment

  Similarly, venetoclax gained accelerated approval for AML in 2018 for treatment of newly diagnosed AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] The hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are the therapies most commonly prescribed for elderly patients with AML. […] In 2019, the FDA expanded use of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (Tibsovo) for AML to include newly-diagnosed IDH1-mutated AML in adults aged 75 years or older, or adults who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. […] Other therapies are being studied in older patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy. […] Although allogeneic HCT is a potentially curative treatment option for patients with AML, the risk of death increases with age.

• #113 The Latest Treatment Options for Acute Myeloid Leukemia – InventUMPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–buttonPage 1arrow–button

  https://news.med.miami.edu/the-latest-treatment-options-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia/

  Patients have also benefitted from therapies that target different mutations often found in AML, including in genes FLT3, IDH1 and IDH2. […] The first molecularly targeted drug, midostaurin, was approved to treat AML patients with FLT3 mutations in 2017. Since then, several others have been added to the mix. […] At Sylvester, a host of clinical trials expand the treatment options for both newly diagnosed patients and those whose cancer has relapsed. […] The future is bright for targeted therapies, said Dr. Venugopal. […] Physicians are now also better able to assess patient tumors at the molecular level and track how they are responding, such as through measurable residual disease tests that can often catch the return of cancer in its earliest stages and inform the next therapeutic steps.

• #114 10 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Drugs to Watch Out

  https://www.delveinsight.com/blog/emerging-acute-myeloid-leukemia-drugs

  Promising treatments like Revumenib, Crenolanib, and SLS009 are showing early success in clinical trials, offering new hope for patients previously limited by treatment options. […] The increasing shift toward precision medicine is further reshaping AML treatment strategies, focusing on personalized therapies tailored to individual patient profiles. […] These innovations aim to enhance survival and improve patients quality of life, turning the tide in the fight against this aggressive disease.

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