Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17701-sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an inflammation of the tissues in your sinuses (spaces in your forehead, cheeks and nose usually filled with air). […] Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining your sinuses. […] If symptoms of sinusitis don’t improve after 10 days, a provider may prescribe: […] Antibiotics and decongestants usually work well on bacterial sinusitis. […] Providers treat chronic sinusitis by focusing on the underlying condition. Treatments can include: […] If you need an antibiotic, which one your provider prescribes depends on your specific situation. […] You might find acupressure, acupuncture or facial massage helpful in reducing symptoms of sinusitis, including draining, pressure and pain. […] No. Providers often wait to see how long your symptoms last before prescribing antibiotics. […] Depending on the cause, there are a few ways to reduce your risk of getting sinus infections, including: […] Sinusitis usually only lasts a week to 10 days. […] You can usually care for sinus conditions on your own.

• #1 Acute sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351677

  Most cases of acute sinusitis get better on their own. Self-care is usually all that’s needed to ease symptoms. […] The following might help ease sinusitis symptoms: […] Saline nasal spray. Salt water sprayed into the nose many times a day rinses the inside of the nose. […] Nasal corticosteroids. These nasal sprays help prevent and treat swelling. […] Decongestants. These medicines are available with and without a prescription. […] Allergy medicines. For sinusitis caused by allergies, using allergy medicines might lessen allergy symptoms. […] Pain relievers. Try acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or aspirin available without a prescription. […] Antibiotics don’t treat viruses, which are the usual cause of acute sinusitis. […] But, if you have severe, worsening or long-lasting symptoms, your symptoms might need to be treated with antibiotics.

• #1 Acute sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351677

  For sinusitis caused or made worse by allergies, allergy shots might help. This is known as immunotherapy. […] A neti pot is a container designed to rinse the nasal cavity. […] These steps can help relieve sinusitis symptoms: […] Rinse the inside of the nose. Use a specially designed squeeze bottle (Sinus Rinse, others) or neti pot. This home remedy, called nasal lavage, can help clear sinuses. […] No alternative therapies have been proved to ease the symptoms of acute sinusitis.

• #1 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  Nasal steroids — Nasal steroids (steroids delivered by a nasal spray) can help to reduce swelling inside the nose, usually within two to three days. These drugs have few side effects and relieve symptoms in most people. […] There are a number of nasal steroids available by prescription as well as a few that can be purchased without a prescription (over the counter). These drugs are all effective but differ in how frequently they must be used and how much they cost. […] Other treatments […] Nasal anticholinergics – Ipratropium bromide (delivered by a nasal spray) is available by prescription and can be very effective in decreasing the symptom of runny nose and other related symptoms (eg, post-nasal drainage, sore throat). These sprays, like all medications, can interact with other medications, so it is important that your complete medication list be reviewed by your physician before you take this medication.

• #1 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  Oral decongestants – Oral decongestants (most commonly pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine) may be helpful if you have associated symptoms of ear pain or fullness. […] Nasal decongestant sprays – Nasal decongestant sprays, including oxymetazoline (Afrin) and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), can be used to temporarily treat congestion. However, these sprays should not be used for more than two to three days due to the risk of rebound congestion (when the nose becomes congested constantly unless the medication is used repeatedly), possible addiction, and long-term consequences of frequent use, including persistent nasal dryness and crusting, which is very difficult to treat once it has developed. […] Oral antihistamines – Oral antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine/Benadryl) are not proven to improve symptoms of sinusitis and can have unwanted side effects.

• #1 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  Mucolytics – Medications to thin secretions (such as guaifenesin) may help to clear mucus. […] Steam inhalation – Breathing in warm, moist air (steam) may temporarily relieve congestion, but there is no evidence that it will shorten the duration or severity of symptoms. If you choose to try this, be sure that the water you use to make steam is clean and free of mold or other contaminants. […] Observation — Observation (continuing to watch and wait) is an option for treatment for many patients. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not this is the best option for you. […] Watching and waiting is a reasonable option because up to 75 percent of people with bacterial sinusitis improve within one month without antibiotics. During the watch and wait period, treatments to improve symptoms are recommended. If symptoms worsen with observation, treatment with an antibiotic is usually started.

• #1 Acute Sinusitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15285-acute-sinusitis

  Acute sinusitis often goes away without prescription medication. […] A healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics if you have acute sinusitis from a bacterial infection. Often, providers will take a wait-and-see approach before prescribing antibiotics. In general, acute sinusitis symptoms that last 10 or more days may be signs of bacterial infection. […] If you think you have acute sinusitis, ask a healthcare provider to recommend over-the-counter medications and other self-care tips.

• #1 Sinus Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/sinus-infection-symptoms

  A doctor may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial sinus infection that has lasted 10 days or more without improving or if symptoms seem to improve but then get worse within 10 days. […] If your child doesn’t respond to treatment or develops chronic sinusitis, a doctor may recommend that they see an ENT doctor. […] Most children will fully recover from a sinus infection without antibiotics. Antibiotics are used for severe cases of sinusitis or in children who have other complications because of sinusitis. […] Sinus infections often start to improve on their own after about 10 days. If your symptoms last longer without improving or are worsening, a doctor may need to treat the underlying cause of the infection. […] Practicing good hygiene, keeping your sinuses moist and clear, and treating symptoms immediately can help shorten the course of the infection.

• #1 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  Antibiotics can eliminate an underlying bacterial infection. […] Treatment of acute sinusitis is aimed at improving sinus drainage and curing the infection. Steam inhalation; hot, wet towels over the affected sinuses; and hot beverages may help relieve the swollen membranes and promote drainage. Flushing a saltwater solution through the nose (nasal irrigation) or using a salt-water spray also can help symptoms. […] Nasal sprays, such as phenylephrine or oxymetazoline, which cause swollen membranes to shrink, can be used for a limited time. […] For acute sinusitis that is severe (3 or more days of symptoms such as fever of 102.2 F [39 C] or higher and severe pain) or persistent (for 10 or more days), antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanate or doxycycline are given. […] People who have chronic sinusitis take the same antibiotics but for a longer period of time, typically 4 to 6 weeks.

• #1 Uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: Treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uncomplicated-acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-treatment

  In patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), management options include an additional seven-day observation period or initiation of antibiotic therapy. […] For most patients with clinically diagnosed ABRS, we suggest an additional seven-day observation period without antibiotics (ie, „watchful waiting”). […] Antibiotic therapy is appropriate as initial treatment for patients at increased risk for complicated infection, including those with immunocompromising conditions, multiple comorbidities, poor or uncertain follow-up, known anatomic abnormalities, or younger age. […] Initial empiric treatment generally includes amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate; the choice between these agents and dosing depends on risk factors for bacterial resistance. […] For patients with ABRS without risk factors for resistant pneumococcus, we suggest treatment with amoxicillin or standard-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate.

• #1 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antibiotics — Bacterial sinusitis does not always need to be treated with antibiotics, as many patients improve without antibiotics. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not you need antibiotics. Patients who have worsening symptoms after being managed with watchful waiting are usually started on antibiotics. Treatments to relieve symptoms are also recommended during antibiotic treatment. […] One of the least expensive and most effective antibiotics for sinusitis is amoxicillin. An alternate antibiotic will be prescribed if you are allergic to penicillin or if you live in an area where resistance to that particular antibiotic is high. Regardless of which antibiotic is prescribed, it is important to follow the dosing instructions carefully and to finish the entire course of treatment. Taking the medication less often than prescribed or stopping the medication early can lead to complications, such as a recurrent infection.

• #1 How to Get Rid of a Sinus Infection: Home Remedies and Medication

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-get-rid-of-sinus-infection

  Home remedies may help manage the symptoms of a sinus infection. Many sinus infections improve independently, but some bacterial cases may require antibiotics. […] However, bacterial sinus infections can improve with a course of antibiotic treatment. You should start feeling better within 3-4 days. […] Doctors may prescribe antibiotics in cases of chronic sinusitis or if your sinus infection is bacterial. Your primary care provider will determine whether bacteria or a virus causes your sinus infection. […] Amoxicillin (Amoxil) is a common prescription drug for acute sinus infections. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is often prescribed for a bacterial sinus infection. […] Depending on the type of antibiotic, a person may need to take them for up to three weeks. It’s important to take antibiotics as long as your doctor prescribes them. Don’t stop taking them early, even if your symptoms improve as this can result in antibiotic resistance.

• #1 Uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: Treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uncomplicated-acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-treatment

  For patients with risk factors for resistant pneumococcus, we suggest high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate. […] For any patient with a penicillin allergy, doxycycline is a reasonable alternative to amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate for initial therapy. […] We suggest an initial antibiotic treatment course of five to seven days. […] Patients typically demonstrate improvement of symptoms within three to five days of starting antibiotic therapy. […] Patients who have worsening symptoms or do not improve with initial antibiotic therapy should have the diagnosis of ABRS confirmed with clinical reevaluation and imaging if needed; we suggest an alternative antibiotic regimen for patients with confirmed uncomplicated ABRS. […] Patients with persistent symptoms after two courses of appropriate antibiotic therapy warrant referral to an otolaryngology specialist. […] Patients with frequent episodes of ABRS also warrant referral to an otolaryngology specialist.

• #1 Chronic sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351667

  Treatments for chronic sinusitis include: […] Nasal corticosteroids. These nasal sprays help prevent and treat swelling. Some are available without a prescription. Examples include fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief, Xhance), budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), mometasone (Nasonex 24HR Allergy) and beclomethasone (Beconase AQ, Qnasl, others). […] Saline nasal rinses. Use a specially designed squeeze bottle (NeilMed Sinus Rinse, others) or neti pot. This home remedy, called nasal lavage, can help clear sinuses. Saline nasal sprays also are available. […] Corticosteroids shots or pills. These medicines ease severe sinusitis, especially for those who have nasal polyps. The shots and pills can cause serious side effects when used long term. So they’re used only to treat severe symptoms. […] Allergy medicines. Using allergy medicines might lessen allergy symptoms of sinusitis caused by allergies.

• #1 Chronic sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351667

  Aspirin desensitization treatment. This is for people who react to aspirin and the reaction causes sinusitis and nasal polyps. Under medical supervision, people receive larger and larger doses of aspirin to increase their ability to take it. […] Medicine to treat nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis. If you have nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis, a shot of dupilumab (Dupixent), omalizumab (Xolair) or mepolizumab (Nucala) might reduce the size of the nasal polyps and lessen stuffiness. […] Antibiotics are sometimes needed to treat sinusitis caused by bacteria. A possible bacterial infection might need to be treated with an antibiotic and sometimes with other medicines. […] For sinusitis caused or made worse by allergies, allergy shots might help. This is known as immunotherapy. […] For chronic sinusitis that doesn’t clear up with treatment, endoscopic sinus surgery might be an option. In this procedure, a health care provider uses a thin, flexible tube with an attached light, called an endoscope, and tiny cutting tools to remove the tissue that’s causing the problem.

• #1 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  Surgery is not recommended for acute sinusitis except in rare circumstances. Sometimes the sinus infection can spread to the eye, face, or brain; this would be considered an emergency, and surgery may be needed to reverse the infection and keep it from spreading. […] For chronic sinusitis, surgery is an option when the symptoms cannot be controlled with medications and other treatments. The most common type of surgery for the sinuses is called endoscopic sinus surgery; a pencil-sized scope (endoscope) is used to see inside the nose and sinuses and guide the surgery. The surgery widens the natural drainage pathways between the sinuses and the nose, allowing mucus to get out of the sinuses and air to get in. Medications that are delivered into the nose and sinuses, like sprays and irrigations, can also get into the sinuses better after surgery.

• #1 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  Balloon sinus ostial dilation (BSOD) is a newer treatment option where an endoscope is also used, but instead of carefully removing the bone and tissue that may be blocking a sinus, a balloon is used to make the sinus openings bigger. Balloon dilation may not be appropriate for every type of chronic sinusitis and cannot be used on all of your sinuses, but can be helpful depending on your circumstances.

• #1 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Endoscopic sinus surgery. In this procedure, your doctor will insert a thin tube with a camera and light at one end into your nose. This device, called an endoscope, allows the doctor to see precisely where to operate. The surgeon then uses tiny instruments to remove the problem — shaving off tissue or bone, plucking out the fungal infection, or removing polyps. […] Septoplasty. Surgeons perform this procedure to correct a deviated septum. This involves reshaping — and possibly removing — some of the bone or cartilage inside your nose. This can be done during endoscopic sinus surgery. […] Balloon sinuplasty. Your doctor inserts a thin and flexible tube called a catheter into your nose and threads it to the blockage in your sinuses. Once there, the surgeon inflates a tiny balloon at the end of the catheter, then deflates and re-inflates it. This opens your sinuses, allowing them to drain and improving airflow.

• #1 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  When antibiotics are not effective, surgery may be performed either to wash out the sinus and obtain material for culture or to improve sinus drainage, which allows the inflammation to resolve. Nasal obstruction that interferes with drainage may also require surgery. […] Surgery is typically required to open up the sinuses and to remove the fungal debris. Long-term treatment is also required with corticosteroids, antibiotics, and, sometimes, antifungal medications applied directly to the area or taken by mouth. These medications reduce the inflammation and eliminate the fungus. However, even after long-term treatment, the disorder is very likely to recur.

• #1 Tips for treating chronic sinus infections

  https://web-ih-sc-prd-hdl-wus2.azurewebsites.net/blogs/tips-for-treating-chronic-sinus-infections

  Tips for treating chronic sinus infections […] Treatment for sinus infection […] Whether you have an acute sinus infection or a chronic infection, a number of treatment options can relieve your discomfort. […] Your doctor may treat your sinus infection with antibiotics, decongestants, pain relievers, allergy medications, or steroids. The course of treatment your doctor takes will depend on the cause of your sinus infection. […] If your sinus infection just won’t go away or keeps coming back, it may be time to see an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. An ENT treats conditions of the ear, nose, throat, head, face, and neck. It may be time to see an ENT if: […] Living with a sinus infection is miserable and living with a sinus infection for weeks on end is worse. Contact your doctor or an ENT to get the treatment you need.

• #1

• #2 Chronic sinusitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351667

  Treatments for chronic sinusitis include: […] Nasal corticosteroids. These nasal sprays help prevent and treat swelling. Some are available without a prescription. Examples include fluticasone (Flonase Allergy Relief, Xhance), budesonide (Rhinocort Allergy), mometasone (Nasonex 24HR Allergy) and beclomethasone (Beconase AQ, Qnasl, others). […] Saline nasal rinses. Use a specially designed squeeze bottle (NeilMed Sinus Rinse, others) or neti pot. This home remedy, called nasal lavage, can help clear sinuses. Saline nasal sprays also are available. […] Corticosteroids shots or pills. These medicines ease severe sinusitis, especially for those who have nasal polyps. The shots and pills can cause serious side effects when used long term. So they’re used only to treat severe symptoms. […] Allergy medicines. Using allergy medicines might lessen allergy symptoms of sinusitis caused by allergies.

• #2 Antibiotics for Sinusitis: Do They Help? Types, Side Effects, & More

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/antibiotics

  People with painful sinus problems often plead with their doctors to give them an antibiotic as soon as possible. About 83% of adults seen in the U.S. by a doctor for acute sinusitis end up getting an antibiotic, research shows. And most don’t need it. […] But antibiotics may not always be the best remedy for sinusitis. Your body should be able to cure itself of a mild or moderate sinusitis, and you should avoid antibiotics that can cause antibiotic resistance. […] Many medical guidelines, including those issued jointly by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma Immunology, now recommend the judicious (cautious) use of antibiotics. […] About 60%-70% of people with sinus infections recover without antibiotics, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma Immunology.

• #2 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  ACUTE SINUSITIS TREATMENT […] The primary treatment for sinusitis involves symptom relief; antibiotic treatment is only necessary for a small percentage of people. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not you need antibiotic therapy. Bacterial and viral sinusitis will often improve without antibiotic treatment. […] Symptomatic treatment — Symptomatic treatment of a sinus infection aims to relieve symptoms of discomfort and congestion. These treatments do not shorten the duration of illness. […] Pain relief — Nonprescription pain medications, such as acetaminophen (sample brand name: Tylenol) or ibuprofen (sample brand names: Motrin, Advil), are recommended for pain. […] Nasal irrigation — Flushing the nose and sinuses with a saline solution several times per day can decrease pain associated with congestion and shorten the duration of symptoms. A variety of devices, including syringes, Neti pots, and bottle sprayers, may be used to perform nasal irrigation. Your doctor or pharmacist can recommend a nasal irrigation kit. These are available without a prescription.

• #2 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  Antibiotics can eliminate an underlying bacterial infection. […] Treatment of acute sinusitis is aimed at improving sinus drainage and curing the infection. Steam inhalation; hot, wet towels over the affected sinuses; and hot beverages may help relieve the swollen membranes and promote drainage. Flushing a saltwater solution through the nose (nasal irrigation) or using a salt-water spray also can help symptoms. […] Nasal sprays, such as phenylephrine or oxymetazoline, which cause swollen membranes to shrink, can be used for a limited time. […] For acute sinusitis that is severe (3 or more days of symptoms such as fever of 102.2 F [39 C] or higher and severe pain) or persistent (for 10 or more days), antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanate or doxycycline are given. […] People who have chronic sinusitis take the same antibiotics but for a longer period of time, typically 4 to 6 weeks.

• #2 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Recommended treatments for most cases of sinusitis include rest and drinking enough water to thin the mucus. Antibiotics are not recommended for most cases. […] Breathing high-temperature steam such as from a hot shower or gargling can relieve symptoms. […] There is tentative evidence for nasal irrigation in acute sinusitis, for example during upper respiratory infections. […] Decongestant nasal sprays containing oxymetazoline may provide relief, but these medications should not be used for more than the recommended period. […] Most sinusitis cases are caused by viruses and resolve without antibiotics. However, if symptoms do not resolve within 10 days, either amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate are reasonable antibiotics for first treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate being slightly superior to amoxicillin alone but with more side effects.

• #2 Uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: Treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uncomplicated-acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-treatment

  Uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: Treatment […] Treatment for acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS) focuses on symptomatic management, as it typically resolves within 7 to 10 days. Bacterial infection occurs in only 0.5 to 2 percent of episodes of ARS. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) may also be a self-limited disease. Patients may be treated symptomatically and observed or treated with antibiotics. […] Symptomatic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for acute rhinosinusitis (ARS), as most infections are self-limited regardless of viral or bacterial etiology. Initial evaluation involves identifying complicated infection, which warrants urgent management, and identifying bacterial infection, which warrants antibiotic therapy in selected patients. […] For patients with ARS who do not have alarm symptoms, we suggest over-the-counter analgesics, antipyretics, and saline irrigation for symptomatic management. In addition, some experts, including the author of this topic, routinely use intranasal glucocorticoids for all patients with ARS, although other contributors use this more selectively.

• #2 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics/print

  Antibiotics — Bacterial sinusitis does not always need to be treated with antibiotics, as many patients improve without antibiotics. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not you need antibiotics. Patients who have worsening symptoms after being managed with watchful waiting are usually started on antibiotics. Treatments to relieve symptoms are also recommended during antibiotic treatment. […] One of the least expensive and most effective antibiotics for sinusitis is amoxicillin. An alternate antibiotic will be prescribed if you are allergic to penicillin or if you live in an area where resistance to that particular antibiotic is high. Regardless of which antibiotic is prescribed, it is important to follow the dosing instructions carefully and to finish the entire course of treatment. Taking the medication less often than prescribed or stopping the medication early can lead to complications, such as a recurrent infection.

• #2 5 Best Ways to Treat a Sinus Infection

  https://www.unitypoint.org/news-and-articles/5-best-ways-to-treat-a-sinus-infection

  However, since most sinus infections are caused by viruses, its usually preferred to not prescribe antibiotic treatment, unless you have more concerning symptoms lasting longer than 10 days with a fever greater than 102 degrees. […] Call your doctor if your sinus infection symptoms persist for more than 10 days without improvement, or if they get worse after an initial improvement.

• #2 Acute Sinusitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antimicrobial Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232670-treatment

  Most patients with acute sinusitis are treated in the primary care setting. Further evaluation by an otolaryngologist is recommended when any of the following exist: […] Symptomatic or adjunctive therapies may include the following: […] Antihistamines are not recommended and have not been proven beneficial. […] A 15- to 21-day course of intranasal corticosteroids may reduce symptom duration when compared with placebo. […] Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of medical treatment in sinusitis. […] Antibiotics are indicated for sinusitis that is thought to be bacterial, including sinusitis that is severe or involves the frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses, since this type of sinusitis is more prone to complications. […] A 5- to 10-day regimen of amoxicillin 500 mg 3 times a day is recommended as first-line therapy.

• #2 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Treatment of ABRS consists of either antibiotic therapy or a period of watchful waiting so long as the certainty of reliable follow-up. There are slight variations between different expert committee guidelines. […] The American Academy of Otolaryngology Adult Sinusitis 2015 updated guideline recommends amoxicillin with or without clavulanate in adults as first-line therapy for a period of 5 to 10 days in most adults. Treatment failure is noted if symptoms do not decrease within 7 days or worsen at any time. […] The Infectious Disease Society of America Guidelines for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis recommends amoxicillin with clavulanate in adults as first-line therapy for 10 to 14 days in children and 5 to 7 days in adults. Treatment failure is noted if symptoms do not decrease after 3 to 5 days or worsen after 48 to 72 hours of therapy.

• #2 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  The American Academy of Pediatrics Clinic Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged to 18 Years recommends amoxicillin with or without clavulanate as first-line therapy. The duration of treatment is unclear, however treating for an additional seven days after symptoms resolve was their suggestion. […] Local antibiotic resistance patterns, the patient’s risk level, risk factors for antibiotic resistance, and severity of symptoms help determine whether to add clavulanate or whether high-dose amoxicillin (90mg/kg/day versus 45mg/kg/day) should be used in children. […] For patients allergic to penicillin, a third-generation cephalosporin plus clindamycin (for adequate coverage of non-susceptible S. pneumoniae) or doxycycline could be therapeutic possibilities.

• #2 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  Sinusitis is treated differently based on the cause. Most cases of acute sinusitis, about 98 percent, are caused by a virus, not bacteria, and should not be treated with antibiotics. Acute viral sinusitis may be treated using pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, steroid nasal sprays, or salt water irrigation in the nose. These treatments are also good options for acute bacterial sinusitis. Most people get better naturally from acute bacterial sinusitis, called watchful waiting, but some patients with acute bacterial sinusitis may get better faster with an antibiotic. […] Chronic sinusitis is treated differently than acute sinusitis. Because chronic sinusitis is caused more by inflammation than infection, the treatments for chronic sinusitis aim to control the inflammation. Salt water nasal irrigation and/or nasal steroid sprays are the main treatments for the symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Antibiotics may sometimes be helpful but not always.

• #2 Chronic Sinusitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Control of Predisposing Factors, Symptomatic Treatment

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232791-treatment

  Initial oral steroid therapy followed by topical steroid therapy was found to be more effective than topical steroid therapy alone in decreasing polyp size and improving olfaction in patients with CRS with at least moderate nasal polyposis. […] In June 2019, the FDA approved dupilumab for the treatment of inadequately controlled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in adults. […] In individuals with CRSwNP, the major intervention is to relieve the obstruction to sinus drainage by reducing or eliminating the polyp. […] An adequate antibiotic trial in CRS usually consists of a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks of treatment, preferably culture directed. […] Therapeutic regimens include the combination of a penicillin (eg, amoxicillin) plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor (eg, clavulanic acid), a combination of metronidazole plus a macrolide or a second- or third-generation cephalosporin, and the newer quinolones (eg, moxifloxacin).

• #2 Sinusitis (Sinus Infection or Sinus Inflammation) | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/sinusitis-sinus-infection/

  Antibiotics: Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to fight an infection caused by bacteria. […] Decongestants: This medicine reduces stuffiness by shrinking swollen membranes (tissues) in the nose. […] Mucolytics: Mucolytics are a type of medicine that thin mucus and make it less sticky. […] Oral corticosteroids: Your doctor may prescribe oral corticosteroids for severe chronic sinusitis. […] Sinus surgery: If your chronic sinusitis symptoms will not go away with these medical treatments, your doctor may recommend you see a doctor called an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist about sinus surgery.

• #2 Sinusitis

  https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/sinusitis

  Chronic sinusitis is typically not caused by a bacterial infection, so treating the condition with antibiotics usually doesn’t help. Avoid activities and places that may aggravate your symptomsespecially if your symptoms relate to an allergy. Intranasal corticosteroid sprays may be appropriate for recurrent sinusitis, but only under the care of your doctor. If the diagnosis involves a fungus, your doctor may prescribe an antifungal medication. If an allergist / immunologist has diagnosed allergies, treating these allergies by avoiding triggers or with medications or allergy shots can help prevent recurrences of sinusitis. Environmental control measures such as avoiding allergens are very important for people with rhinitis triggered by indoor allergens such as dust mites, molds or animal dander. This treatment strategy can prevent the need for surgery or prevent recurrence of disease after surgery.

• #2 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  Surgery is not recommended for acute sinusitis except in rare circumstances. Sometimes the sinus infection can spread to the eye, face, or brain; this would be considered an emergency, and surgery may be needed to reverse the infection and keep it from spreading. […] For chronic sinusitis, surgery is an option when the symptoms cannot be controlled with medications and other treatments. The most common type of surgery for the sinuses is called endoscopic sinus surgery; a pencil-sized scope (endoscope) is used to see inside the nose and sinuses and guide the surgery. The surgery widens the natural drainage pathways between the sinuses and the nose, allowing mucus to get out of the sinuses and air to get in. Medications that are delivered into the nose and sinuses, like sprays and irrigations, can also get into the sinuses better after surgery.

• #2 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Endoscopic sinus surgery. In this procedure, your doctor will insert a thin tube with a camera and light at one end into your nose. This device, called an endoscope, allows the doctor to see precisely where to operate. The surgeon then uses tiny instruments to remove the problem — shaving off tissue or bone, plucking out the fungal infection, or removing polyps. […] Septoplasty. Surgeons perform this procedure to correct a deviated septum. This involves reshaping — and possibly removing — some of the bone or cartilage inside your nose. This can be done during endoscopic sinus surgery. […] Balloon sinuplasty. Your doctor inserts a thin and flexible tube called a catheter into your nose and threads it to the blockage in your sinuses. Once there, the surgeon inflates a tiny balloon at the end of the catheter, then deflates and re-inflates it. This opens your sinuses, allowing them to drain and improving airflow.

• #2 How to get rid of a sinus infection: Treatments and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324743

  If a sinus infection does not respond to medication or other treatments, or if the infection has spread, a person may need surgery to clear the blocked sinuses and allow normal mucus drainage. […] If a fungal infection is causing sinusitis, a doctor may prescribe antifungal medication. Surgery may also be necessary. […] If people have symptoms of a sinus infection for longer than 710 days or any severe symptoms, they can see their doctor for further treatment. […] Antibiotics and prescription nasal sprays may help treat a sinus infection. In chronic cases, people may need nasal or oral steroids and surgery.

• #2 Acute Rhinosinusitis in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0501/p1057.html

  Mild rhinosinusitis symptoms of less than seven days’ duration can be managed with supportive care, including analgesics, short-term decongestants, saline nasal irrigation, and intranasal corticosteroids. […] Antibiotics may be considered in patients with symptoms or signs of acute rhinosinusitis that do not improve within seven days or that worsen at any time; in those with moderate to severe pain or a temperature of 101F (38.3C) or higher; and in those who are immunocompromised. […] Treatment failure occurs when symptoms progress during treatment or do not improve after seven days of therapy. […] Adjunctive therapies that have been investigated for symptomatic relief of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis include analgesics, decongestants, antihistamines, saline nasal irrigation, mucolytics, and intranasal corticosteroids.

• #2 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  A CT scan or other imaging tests. Imaging tests create pictures of the inside of the body. […] A test to look inside the sinuses. For this test, a doctor puts a thin tube with a camera on the end into the nose and up into the sinuses. […] Can I Prevent Sinusitis? […] There is no sure-fire way to prevent sinusitis. But there are some things that might help. […] Don’t smoke, and avoid other people’s smoke. […] Wash your hands often, especially during cold and flu season, and try not to touch your face. […] Stay away from things you know you’re allergic to. Talk to your doctor to see if you need prescription medicines, allergy shots, or other forms of immunotherapy. […] If your sinus problems keep coming back, ask your doctor about the pros and cons of surgery to clean and drain the sinuses.

• #2 Sinusitis (sinus infection)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sinusitis-sinus-infection/

  Sinusitis is swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by an infection. It’s common and usually clears up on its own within 4 weeks. But medicines can help if it’s taking a long time to go away. […] You can often treat mild sinusitis without seeing a GP by: getting plenty of rest, drinking plenty of fluids, taking painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (do not give aspirin to children under 16), avoiding things that trigger your allergies, not smoking, cleaning your nose with a salt water solution. […] A pharmacist can advise you about medicines that can help, such as: decongestant nasal sprays or drops to unblock your nose (decongestants should not be taken by children under 6), salt water nasal sprays or solutions to rinse out the inside of your nose. […] If a GP thinks your sinusitis needs treatment, they may prescribe medicines such as: steroid nasal sprays or drops to reduce the swelling in your sinuses you might need to take these for a few months, antihistamines if an allergy is causing your symptoms. […] Rarely, you may need antibiotics. This is not common as sinusitis is usually caused by a virus, not bacteria. […] The specialist may recommend surgery for some people. […] Surgery to treat chronic sinusitis is called functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

• #2 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  When antibiotics are not effective, surgery may be performed either to wash out the sinus and obtain material for culture or to improve sinus drainage, which allows the inflammation to resolve. Nasal obstruction that interferes with drainage may also require surgery. […] Surgery is typically required to open up the sinuses and to remove the fungal debris. Long-term treatment is also required with corticosteroids, antibiotics, and, sometimes, antifungal medications applied directly to the area or taken by mouth. These medications reduce the inflammation and eliminate the fungus. However, even after long-term treatment, the disorder is very likely to recur.

• #3 Acute Sinusitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antimicrobial Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/232670-treatment

  Most patients with acute sinusitis are treated in the primary care setting. Further evaluation by an otolaryngologist is recommended when any of the following exist: […] Symptomatic or adjunctive therapies may include the following: […] Antihistamines are not recommended and have not been proven beneficial. […] A 15- to 21-day course of intranasal corticosteroids may reduce symptom duration when compared with placebo. […] Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of medical treatment in sinusitis. […] Antibiotics are indicated for sinusitis that is thought to be bacterial, including sinusitis that is severe or involves the frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinuses, since this type of sinusitis is more prone to complications. […] A 5- to 10-day regimen of amoxicillin 500 mg 3 times a day is recommended as first-line therapy.

• #3 Uncomplicated acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: Treatment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uncomplicated-acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-treatment

  In patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), management options include an additional seven-day observation period or initiation of antibiotic therapy. […] For most patients with clinically diagnosed ABRS, we suggest an additional seven-day observation period without antibiotics (ie, „watchful waiting”). […] Antibiotic therapy is appropriate as initial treatment for patients at increased risk for complicated infection, including those with immunocompromising conditions, multiple comorbidities, poor or uncertain follow-up, known anatomic abnormalities, or younger age. […] Initial empiric treatment generally includes amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate; the choice between these agents and dosing depends on risk factors for bacterial resistance. […] For patients with ABRS without risk factors for resistant pneumococcus, we suggest treatment with amoxicillin or standard-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate.

• #3 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Endoscopic sinus surgery. In this procedure, your doctor will insert a thin tube with a camera and light at one end into your nose. This device, called an endoscope, allows the doctor to see precisely where to operate. The surgeon then uses tiny instruments to remove the problem — shaving off tissue or bone, plucking out the fungal infection, or removing polyps. […] Septoplasty. Surgeons perform this procedure to correct a deviated septum. This involves reshaping — and possibly removing — some of the bone or cartilage inside your nose. This can be done during endoscopic sinus surgery. […] Balloon sinuplasty. Your doctor inserts a thin and flexible tube called a catheter into your nose and threads it to the blockage in your sinuses. Once there, the surgeon inflates a tiny balloon at the end of the catheter, then deflates and re-inflates it. This opens your sinuses, allowing them to drain and improving airflow.

• #3 Sinus Infection Prevention and Treatment | Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist

  https://www.wakehealth.edu/stories/sinus-infection-prevention-and-treatment

  The initial treatment of uncomplicated acute sinusitis can be obtained without a prescription at most drug stores and supermarkets: […] These remedies treat the symptoms, making patients more comfortable while their immune system fights off the virus that caused the sinus infection. But sometimes the symptoms linger for more than 10 days. Patients feel swelling in their face, headache and pain around their nasal passages. […] This is an appropriate time to consider adding a topical corticosteroid nasal spray and antibiotic therapy. […] I generally prescribe an antibiotic if a patient isn’t improving as expected. […] Complications from sinusitis are rare, but potentially serious. You should call your doctor immediately if you develop fever greater than 102 degrees, difficulty with eyesight, swelling or redness around the eyes, severe pain or headache. […] Cold and sinusitis symptoms may linger for several weeks, but when they last longer than 12 weeks there’s likely some other cause. These patients need to see a specialist.

• #3 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-sinusitis.aspx

  Sinusitis is caused by inflammation of the inner lining of the sinuses commonly caused by infections. Treatment is usually self care and home remedies as the causative agent is commonly cold or flu virus that has no specific medications. […] Management of sinusitis includes home care, decongestants and so forth. […] Home care involves inhaling moist warm air from a humidifier or a vaporizer. As an alternative, steam may be inhaled over a basin of hot water or shower. This helps open up the sinuses and allows the blocked mucus to flow out so that there is relief of pain. Warm compresses may be applied over the sinuses to ease the pain. […] Decongestants may help in some cases. These may be those that are prescribed by the physician or may be those available over-the-counter. […] For pain over the sinuses as well as fever over the counter medications like Paracetamol or Ibuprofen may be used.

• #3 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis) Treatment Near Me | MinuteClinic

  https://www.cvs.com/minuteclinic/services/sinus-infections-and-congestion

  There’s no guaranteed way to prevent sinusitis, but following these recommendations can help: […] Do not smoke and avoid secondhand smoke. […] Keep away from known allergens. […] Wash your hands frequently (especially during cold and flu season) and avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.

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