Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17701-sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an inflammation of the tissues in your sinuses (spaces in your forehead, cheeks and nose usually filled with air). […] Its usually caused by the common cold, but other viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergies can also cause sinusitis. […] Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining your sinuses. […] Bacterial infections, viral infections and allergies can irritate them, causing them to get blocked and filled with fluid. […] Viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens can cause sinusitis. Specific triggers for sinusitis include: […] The common cold. […] The flu (influenza). […] Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] Haemophilus influenza bacteria. […] Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria. […] Nasal and seasonal allergies. […] Sinusitis itself isnt contagious. But the viruses and bacteria that can cause it are. […] Very rarely, untreated sinus infections can lead to life-threatening infections. […] Many sinus infections are caused by viruses.

• #2 Sinusitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus. […] When the sinus openings become blocked or too much mucus builds up, bacteria and other germs can grow more easily. […] Sinusitis can occur from one of these conditions: Small hairs (cilia) in the sinuses fail to properly move mucus out.

• #3 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sinusitis-sinus-infections

  A sinus infection happens when the tissue lining the sinuses becomes inflamed and swollen. Fluid builds up, providing a place for viruses and bacteria to grow. This causes an infection. […] Most sinus infections are caused by viruses. The viruses can be spread through sneezes and coughs. Bacterial and fungal sinusitis may be contagious as well. […] Viruses cause most sinus infections. Less often, bacteria or fungi are to blame. The viruses that most commonly lead to sinus infections are: Rhinoviruses, which cause common colds; Influenza (flu) viruses, which cause flu; Parainfluenza viruses, which cause colds, bronchitis, pneumonia. […] Anyone can get a sinus infection. But the risk of getting sinusitis is higher if you have certain conditions or nose structures, including: Allergies (seasonal, dust mites, animal dander); Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose); Deviated septum (structure inside the nose); Immune system weakened by illness or medication; Smoking.

• #4 Sinusitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an infection or inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled chambers in the skull that are located around the nose. […] Viruses are the most common cause of acute sinusitis, but bacteria are responsible for most of the serious and chronic cases. […] Acute sinusitis can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Allergens and environmental irritants are other possible causes. In most cases, acute sinusitis is caused by an upper respiratory tract viral infection, such as the common cold, and usually resolves on its own. […] Chronic sinusitis can result from recurring episodes of acute sinusitis, or it can be caused by other health conditions, like: Asthma and allergic rhinitis, Immune disorders, Structural abnormalities in the nose, like a deviated septum or nasal polyps.

• #5 Sinus Infection Basics | Sinus Infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sinus-infection/about/index.html

  Sinus infections happen when fluid builds up in the air-filled pockets in the face (sinuses). This fluid buildup allows germs to grow. […] Viruses cause most sinus infections, but bacteria can cause some sinus infections. […] A sinus infection is usually caused by a virus and gets better on its own without antibiotics.

• #6 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. […] Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold, Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose caused by allergens, Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps, A deviated septum, which is when the nasal cavity is crooked. […] Acute sinusitis is typically caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] Chronic sinusitis brings on the same unpleasant symptoms as acute sinusitis. But it lasts a whole lot longer. You won’t be diagnosed with chronic sinusitis until you’ve had symptoms for at least 3 months. What causes it? That’s not always clear. There are many things that increase your risk, including: Nasal polyps, or small growths inside your nose, Deviated nasal septum, in which the bone and cartilage that divides your nose gets pushed to one side, often due to an injury, Allergies, Recurring respiratory infections, Diseases that affect the immune system, such as cystic fibrosis and HIV.

• #7 Acute sinusitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acute-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351671

  Acute sinusitis causes the spaces inside the nose, known as sinuses, to become inflamed and swollen. […] The common cold is the usual cause of acute sinusitis. Most often, the condition clears up within a week to 10 days unless there’s also an infection caused by bacteria, called a bacterial infection. […] Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold. Signs and symptoms may include a blocked and stuffy (congested) nose, which may block your sinuses and prevent drainage of mucus. […] Acute sinusitis is an infection caused by a virus. The common cold is most often the cause. Sometimes, sinuses that are blocked for a time might get a bacterial infection.

• #8 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  A sinus infection occurs when the mucous membranes lining your sinuses (air-filled cavities in your face and head) become infected, usually with a virus but also sometimes bacteria or fungi. […] Sinus infections usually follow a viral respiratory tract infection, especially the common cold. A sinus infection caused by a virus is also called viral sinusitis. […] It is most often caused by: Rhinoviruses, the most important cause of the common cold and one of the most common pathogens in people; Influenza viruses, which cause the flu; Parainfluenza viruses, which cause upper and lower respiratory illnesses, including bronchitis and pneumonia. […] These viruses can cause increased mucus production, decreased ability for cilia (hairlike cells) to move mucus, and inflammation that restricts the sinus and nasal passages, which together promote the development of a sinus infection.

• #9 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #10 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sinusitis-sinus-infections

  A sinus infection happens when the tissue lining the sinuses becomes inflamed and swollen. Fluid builds up, providing a place for viruses and bacteria to grow. This causes an infection. […] Most sinus infections are caused by viruses. The viruses can be spread through sneezes and coughs. Bacterial and fungal sinusitis may be contagious as well. […] Viruses cause most sinus infections. Less often, bacteria or fungi are to blame. The viruses that most commonly lead to sinus infections are: Rhinoviruses, which cause common colds; Influenza (flu) viruses, which cause flu; Parainfluenza viruses, which cause colds, bronchitis, pneumonia. […] Anyone can get a sinus infection. But the risk of getting sinusitis is higher if you have certain conditions or nose structures, including: Allergies (seasonal, dust mites, animal dander); Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose); Deviated septum (structure inside the nose); Immune system weakened by illness or medication; Smoking.

• #11 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #12 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/primary-care/sinusitis-sinus-infections

  A sinus infection happens when the tissue lining the sinuses becomes inflamed and swollen. Fluid builds up, providing a place for viruses and bacteria to grow. This causes an infection. […] Most sinus infections are caused by viruses. The viruses can be spread through sneezes and coughs. Bacterial and fungal sinusitis may be contagious as well. […] Viruses cause most sinus infections. Less often, bacteria or fungi are to blame. The viruses that most commonly lead to sinus infections are: Rhinoviruses, which cause common colds; Influenza (flu) viruses, which cause flu; Parainfluenza viruses, which cause colds, bronchitis, pneumonia. […] Anyone can get a sinus infection. But the risk of getting sinusitis is higher if you have certain conditions or nose structures, including: Allergies (seasonal, dust mites, animal dander); Nasal polyps (growths inside the nose); Deviated septum (structure inside the nose); Immune system weakened by illness or medication; Smoking.

• #13 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  A sinus infection occurs when the mucous membranes lining your sinuses (air-filled cavities in your face and head) become infected, usually with a virus but also sometimes bacteria or fungi. […] Sinus infections usually follow a viral respiratory tract infection, especially the common cold. A sinus infection caused by a virus is also called viral sinusitis. […] It is most often caused by: Rhinoviruses, the most important cause of the common cold and one of the most common pathogens in people; Influenza viruses, which cause the flu; Parainfluenza viruses, which cause upper and lower respiratory illnesses, including bronchitis and pneumonia. […] These viruses can cause increased mucus production, decreased ability for cilia (hairlike cells) to move mucus, and inflammation that restricts the sinus and nasal passages, which together promote the development of a sinus infection.

• #14 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #15 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #16 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #17 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #18 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #19 Acute Sinusitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15285-acute-sinusitis

  Acute sinusitis is a short-term sinus infection (sinusitis). […] Acute sinusitis often happens when you’re getting over a cold. […] Sinusitis happens when bacteria and viruses settle in your sinuses, making their tissues swell. […] A healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics if you have acute sinusitis from a bacterial infection. […] In general, acute sinusitis symptoms that last 10 or more days may be signs of bacterial infection.

• #20 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics

  ACUTE SINUSITIS CAUSES […] The most common cause of acute sinusitis is a viral infection associated with the common cold. This condition is also called viral sinusitis. Bacterial sinusitis occurs much less commonly, in only 0.5 to 2 percent of cases, usually as a complication of viral sinusitis. […] Because antibiotics are effective only against bacterial, and not viral, infections, most people with acute sinusitis do not need antibiotics and would be putting themselves at risk for medication side effects and for developing antibiotic resistance by taking them for nonbacterial sinusitis. Most adults with normal immune systems can also clear bacterial infections without antibiotics. […] […] […] Bacterial sinusitis does not always need to be treated with antibiotics, as many patients improve without antibiotics. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not you need antibiotics. Patients who have worsening symptoms after being managed with watchful waiting are usually started on antibiotics. Treatments to relieve symptoms are also recommended during antibiotic treatment. […] […] […] One of the least expensive and most effective antibiotics for sinusitis is amoxicillin. An alternate antibiotic will be prescribed if you are allergic to penicillin or if you live in an area where resistance to that particular antibiotic is high.

• #21 Patient education: Acute sinusitis (sinus infection) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-sinus-infection-beyond-the-basics

  ACUTE SINUSITIS CAUSES […] The most common cause of acute sinusitis is a viral infection associated with the common cold. This condition is also called viral sinusitis. Bacterial sinusitis occurs much less commonly, in only 0.5 to 2 percent of cases, usually as a complication of viral sinusitis. […] Because antibiotics are effective only against bacterial, and not viral, infections, most people with acute sinusitis do not need antibiotics and would be putting themselves at risk for medication side effects and for developing antibiotic resistance by taking them for nonbacterial sinusitis. Most adults with normal immune systems can also clear bacterial infections without antibiotics. […] […] […] Bacterial sinusitis does not always need to be treated with antibiotics, as many patients improve without antibiotics. You should speak with your health care provider about whether or not you need antibiotics. Patients who have worsening symptoms after being managed with watchful waiting are usually started on antibiotics. Treatments to relieve symptoms are also recommended during antibiotic treatment. […] […] […] One of the least expensive and most effective antibiotics for sinusitis is amoxicillin. An alternate antibiotic will be prescribed if you are allergic to penicillin or if you live in an area where resistance to that particular antibiotic is high.

• #22 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Sinusitis, also referred to as sinus infection or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the sinuses. The sinuses are air-filled cavities within the bones in the face and nose; sinusitis occurs when these cavities become inflamed and blocked, leading to a buildup of mucus and air. It is a common condition, occurring in many cases following a cold. […] The causes of acute and chronic sinusitis are typically different. […] In the majority of cases, acute sinusitis is caused by a viral infection. This will typically be the same virus that has caused the preceding cold. The condition may also be caused by bacteria, although this is rare only occurring in roughly 0.5 to 2 percent of cases. […] The causes of chronic sinusitis are more multifaceted than the acute form of the condition. Although a viral infection may play a role in causing chronic sinusitis, long-term inflammation will often also have other contributing factors.

• #23 Sinus Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/sinus-infection-symptoms

  A doctor may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial sinus infection that has lasted 10 days or more without improving or if symptoms seem to improve but then get worse within 10 days. […] If you’re allergic to something that causes persistent sinus symptoms, you’ll likely need to treat your allergies to relieve your sinus infection. […] A sinus infection may improve on its own. But in some cases, it may get worse. […] Rarely if a sinus infection affects a sinus cavity close to the brain, it can spread to the space around the brain. An infection can also pass into the eye socket and cause vision changes or blindness. […] These types of infections are more common in people with compromised immune systems. […] Most children will fully recover from a sinus infection without antibiotics. Antibiotics are used for severe cases of sinusitis or in children who have other complications because of sinusitis.

• #24 10 Things to Know About Sinusitis – Keck Medicine of USC

  https://www.keckmedicine.org/blog/10-things-to-know-about-sinusitis/

  An acute sinus infection is the type that follows a cold and lasts for less than four weeks. It is often caused by a bacterial infection. […] Chronic sinusitis, on the other hand, lasts for more than 12 weeks, despite medical treatment. People with allergic rhinitis or asthma may be more prone to chronic sinusitis, which also can be due to infection, allergies, a fungus or, in rare cases, an immune system deficiency. […] You might not need antibiotics; however, for acute sinusitis due to a bacterial infection, antibiotics can help decrease the length of symptoms and lessen their severity. […] If a sinus infection lasts more than one to two weeks, it is more likely to be a bacterial infection, so antibiotics and/or oral steroids may need to be prescribed, Dr. Hur says.

• #25 Sinusitis (Sinus Infection or Sinus Inflammation) | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/sinusitis-sinus-infection/

  A sinus is simply a hollow space. Sinusitis is when your sinuses become inflamed and congested. It is usually caused by the common cold, but other viruses, bacteria, fungi, and allergies can also cause sinusitis. […] A viral infection causes most cases of sinusitis. Bacterial infections, fungal infections, allergies, asthma, and other health conditions can also cause sinusitis. If your sinuses are blocked for a long time, typically 10 days or more, you may get a bacterial infection. This secondary infection is caused by bacteria that are normally present in the respiratory tract. These bacteria multiply and cause a sinus infection when they are unable to drain out of the blocked, inflamed sinuses. […] Irritants like smoke, strong odors, and air pollution can also cause sinus swelling. If you are exposed to certain irritants often, they can contribute to episodes of sinusitis. Also, bodily defects such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, and narrowed sinus openings can contribute to sinus infections.

• #26 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  Rather than being caused by a virus, this secondary sinus infection arises due to bacteria that normally live in the respiratory tract. […] The common bacteria found in people with bacterial sinusitis are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus. […] Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus are the genera that include the most common types of bacteria present in people with chronic sinus infections, or those that last 12 weeks or more. […] Fungal sinus infections are a rare type of sinusitis caused by fungi. […] Fungal sinus infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system (such as from diseases like HIV or AIDS or immunosuppressant drugs), uncontrolled diabetes, and prolonged use of antibiotics.

• #27 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Viruses are the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis. The viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) pathogens include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus. The most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Although rare, fungal infections can also cause acute rhinosinusitis, though this is almost exclusively seen in the immunosuppressed (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, HIV positive, oncology patients undergoing active treatment, and patients on immunosuppressants for an organ transplant or rheumatologic conditions). […] Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly viral. The large majority of cases will either resolve spontaneously or can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, serious form of the infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. […] Most causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are viral. Most cases will resolve spontaneously. There is evidence that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can also resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of ABRS is clinical.

• #28 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #29 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Viruses are the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis. The viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) pathogens include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus. The most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Although rare, fungal infections can also cause acute rhinosinusitis, though this is almost exclusively seen in the immunosuppressed (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, HIV positive, oncology patients undergoing active treatment, and patients on immunosuppressants for an organ transplant or rheumatologic conditions). […] Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly viral. The large majority of cases will either resolve spontaneously or can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, serious form of the infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. […] Most causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are viral. Most cases will resolve spontaneously. There is evidence that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can also resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of ABRS is clinical.

• #30 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #31 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Viruses are the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis. The viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) pathogens include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus. The most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Although rare, fungal infections can also cause acute rhinosinusitis, though this is almost exclusively seen in the immunosuppressed (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, HIV positive, oncology patients undergoing active treatment, and patients on immunosuppressants for an organ transplant or rheumatologic conditions). […] Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly viral. The large majority of cases will either resolve spontaneously or can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, serious form of the infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. […] Most causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are viral. Most cases will resolve spontaneously. There is evidence that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can also resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of ABRS is clinical.

• #32 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  Sinusitis is a condition that affects both children and adults. It is caused by a combination of environmental and a person’s individual health factors. […] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. […] Acute sinusitis is usually precipitated by an earlier upper respiratory tract infection, generally of viral origin, mostly caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, and metapneumovirus. If the infection is of bacterial origin, the most common three causative agents are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Acute episodes of sinusitis can also result from fungal invasion. These infections are typically seen in people with diabetes or other immune deficiencies (such as AIDS or transplant on immunosuppressive antirejection medications) and can be life-threatening.

• #33 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  Rather than being caused by a virus, this secondary sinus infection arises due to bacteria that normally live in the respiratory tract. […] The common bacteria found in people with bacterial sinusitis are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus. […] Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus are the genera that include the most common types of bacteria present in people with chronic sinus infections, or those that last 12 weeks or more. […] Fungal sinus infections are a rare type of sinusitis caused by fungi. […] Fungal sinus infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system (such as from diseases like HIV or AIDS or immunosuppressant drugs), uncontrolled diabetes, and prolonged use of antibiotics.

• #34 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  Rather than being caused by a virus, this secondary sinus infection arises due to bacteria that normally live in the respiratory tract. […] The common bacteria found in people with bacterial sinusitis are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus. […] Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus are the genera that include the most common types of bacteria present in people with chronic sinus infections, or those that last 12 weeks or more. […] Fungal sinus infections are a rare type of sinusitis caused by fungi. […] Fungal sinus infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system (such as from diseases like HIV or AIDS or immunosuppressant drugs), uncontrolled diabetes, and prolonged use of antibiotics.

• #35 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  Rather than being caused by a virus, this secondary sinus infection arises due to bacteria that normally live in the respiratory tract. […] The common bacteria found in people with bacterial sinusitis are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus. […] Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus are the genera that include the most common types of bacteria present in people with chronic sinus infections, or those that last 12 weeks or more. […] Fungal sinus infections are a rare type of sinusitis caused by fungi. […] Fungal sinus infections are more common in people with a weakened immune system (such as from diseases like HIV or AIDS or immunosuppressant drugs), uncontrolled diabetes, and prolonged use of antibiotics.

• #36 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): 18 Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Medications & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/sinus_infection/article_em.htm

  Chronic sinus infections are caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, pollutants, and fungal infections, especially people with diseases that weaken the immune system, for example, HIV/AIDS, leukemia and other cancers, and diabetes. […] Bacteria that normally cause acute sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These microorganisms, along with Staphylococcus aureus and some anaerobes (bacteria that live without oxygen), are involved in chronic sinusitis.

• #37 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  A variety of fungi that are normally found throughout the environment can be present in the nose and sinuses of most healthy people. In certain situations, however, fungi can cause significant nasal and sinus inflammation. […] Invasive fungal sinusitis is a very serious disorder that develops most often in people whose immune system is impaired by chemotherapy or by diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or AIDS. […] Allergic fungal sinusitis is a chronic sinusitis in which fungi cause an allergic reaction characterized by marked nasal congestion and the formation of nasal and sinus polyps.

• #38 Common Causes of Sinus Infections

  https://www.southfloridasinusandallergy.com/10-most-common-causes-of-sinus-infections/

  Fungi arent common causes of sinus infections. They mostly occur in people who have already weakened immune systems. […] Prolonged use of nasal sprays can lead to dependency and reduce the medicines effectiveness, which causes the nose to become swollen again. These sprays can make sinusitis symptoms worse if not used as directed by a pharmacist.

• #39 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  A variety of fungi that are normally found throughout the environment can be present in the nose and sinuses of most healthy people. In certain situations, however, fungi can cause significant nasal and sinus inflammation. […] Invasive fungal sinusitis is a very serious disorder that develops most often in people whose immune system is impaired by chemotherapy or by diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or AIDS. […] Allergic fungal sinusitis is a chronic sinusitis in which fungi cause an allergic reaction characterized by marked nasal congestion and the formation of nasal and sinus polyps.

• #40 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Medical experts have identified three general categories of chronic sinusitis, each with different causes: Chronic sinusitis without nasal polyposis: The most common form; typically caused by allergic reactions to airborne substances, irritation from airborne substances and infections. […] Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis: Nasal polyps are abnormal growths within the nose. When polyps become large or numerous, they can block the airways and cause sinusitis. The reasons why some people develop nasal polyps are largely unknown. […] Chronic sinusitis with fungal allergy: Air routinely contains small amounts of fungus, which most people can inhale without issue. Others, however, can experience an allergic reaction to this fungus, which causes a thick mucus to form in the sinuses. This can then lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #41 Sinus Infection Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/sinus-infection/causes-risk-factors-symptoms-diagnosis/

  Fungal genuses associated with allergic fungal sinusitis include Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Chrysosporium, Drechslera, and Exserohilum. […] Though sinus infections typically follow a respiratory illness, other causes of sinus inflammation (sinusitis) can increase your risk of getting a sinus infection or worsening the infection. […] These risk factors include: Allergies, Nasal polyps, Deviated nasal septum, Weakened immune system, Facial fractures, Congenital diseases, Asthma and other reactive diseases, Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.

• #42 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  A variety of fungi that are normally found throughout the environment can be present in the nose and sinuses of most healthy people. In certain situations, however, fungi can cause significant nasal and sinus inflammation. […] Invasive fungal sinusitis is a very serious disorder that develops most often in people whose immune system is impaired by chemotherapy or by diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or AIDS. […] Allergic fungal sinusitis is a chronic sinusitis in which fungi cause an allergic reaction characterized by marked nasal congestion and the formation of nasal and sinus polyps.

• #43 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  Invasive fungal sinusitis is an aggressive, sometimes fatal, infection in immunocompromised patients, usually caused by Aspergillus or Mucor species. […] Common risk factors for sinusitis include factors that obstruct normal sinus drainage (eg, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasogastric or nasotracheal tubes, nasal packing) and immunocompromised states (eg, diabetes, HIV infection). […] Most acute sinusitis in immunocompetent patients is viral. […] Immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of aggressive fungal or bacterial infection.

• #44 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  Invasive fungal sinusitis is an aggressive, sometimes fatal, infection in immunocompromised patients, usually caused by Aspergillus or Mucor species. […] Common risk factors for sinusitis include factors that obstruct normal sinus drainage (eg, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasogastric or nasotracheal tubes, nasal packing) and immunocompromised states (eg, diabetes, HIV infection). […] Most acute sinusitis in immunocompetent patients is viral. […] Immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of aggressive fungal or bacterial infection.

• #45 Sinus Infections and What Causes Them

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/sinus-infection-overview-83143

  Problems with low immune function are the biggest risk factor for fungal sinusitis, but they also increase the risk of various types of viral and bacterial infections. […] Chronic or recurrent sinusitis is usually caused by ongoing inflammation rather than infection. It can develop due to factors such as allergic rhinitis, fungal allergies, and exposure to irritants (such as cigarette smoke). […] Other causes of chronic or recurrent sinus infections include structural abnormalities within the nasal passages and sinuses, such as a perforated septum, enlarged adenoids, and nasal polyps. […] A fungal sinus infection can develop either as a non-invasive fungal ball or as an invasive fungal infection that can damage nearby structures.

• #46 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Fungi (the plural of fungus) are living organisms that include mold, mildew, and mushrooms. They come in all sizes. Tiny fungi can be breathed in. Sometimes, that causes a fungal infection in your sinuses. […] Dust, pollen, smoke, and other environmental irritants that you breathe in can trigger sinusitis. […] Sinusitis itself cannot be spread from person to person, so it is not contagious. But the cause of your sinusitis likely is. Remember, most sinusitis is caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] If a fungus is to blame, you’ll get a prescription for an antifungal medicine. […] If your symptoms do not get better, talk with your doctor. They might order tests to figure out why you still have symptoms.

• #47 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. […] Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold, Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose caused by allergens, Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps, A deviated septum, which is when the nasal cavity is crooked. […] Acute sinusitis is typically caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] Chronic sinusitis brings on the same unpleasant symptoms as acute sinusitis. But it lasts a whole lot longer. You won’t be diagnosed with chronic sinusitis until you’ve had symptoms for at least 3 months. What causes it? That’s not always clear. There are many things that increase your risk, including: Nasal polyps, or small growths inside your nose, Deviated nasal septum, in which the bone and cartilage that divides your nose gets pushed to one side, often due to an injury, Allergies, Recurring respiratory infections, Diseases that affect the immune system, such as cystic fibrosis and HIV.

• #48 Sinusitis (Sinus Infection or Sinus Inflammation) | AAFA.org

  https://aafa.org/allergies/allergy-symptoms/sinusitis-sinus-infection/

  A sinus is simply a hollow space. Sinusitis is when your sinuses become inflamed and congested. It is usually caused by the common cold, but other viruses, bacteria, fungi, and allergies can also cause sinusitis. […] A viral infection causes most cases of sinusitis. Bacterial infections, fungal infections, allergies, asthma, and other health conditions can also cause sinusitis. If your sinuses are blocked for a long time, typically 10 days or more, you may get a bacterial infection. This secondary infection is caused by bacteria that are normally present in the respiratory tract. These bacteria multiply and cause a sinus infection when they are unable to drain out of the blocked, inflamed sinuses. […] Irritants like smoke, strong odors, and air pollution can also cause sinus swelling. If you are exposed to certain irritants often, they can contribute to episodes of sinusitis. Also, bodily defects such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, and narrowed sinus openings can contribute to sinus infections.

• #49 Sinus infection (Sinusitis) – UNDER REVIEW

  https://www.entuk.org/patients/conditions/45/sinus_infection_sinusitis/

  Sinus infection occurs in two types. Acute sinusitis gives rise to severe symptoms but is usually short-lived. […] Chronic sinusitis may be caused by an acute sinus infection which fails to resolve or as a result of an underlying allergy affecting the lining membranes of the nose and sinuses. […] The pain from sinusitis usually occurs as a result of blockage of the sinus opening. These blockages may be caused by infections, irritants, allergies or a structural abnormality. […] Bacterial infections often follow the common cold. When the mucus changes from clear to yellow or green it usually means a bacteria infection has developed. […] Air pollution, smoke and chemical irritants, for example some sprays containing pesticides, disinfectants and household detergents, may cause swelling and blockage of the lining of the nose causing a narrowing of the drainage opening from the sinuses. […] Allergies can cause inflammation inside the nose. […] Occasionally structural problems within the nasal cavity can cause a narrowing. […] Occasionally the structural narrowing can be so severe that mucus builds up behind these areas of blockage giving rise to sinus infection.

• #50 Sinusitis-Acute and Chronic – Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomensfaulkner.org/programs-and-services/otolaryngology/nose-conditions/sinusitis-acute-and-chronic

  Sinusitis is inflammation or an infection of the sinuses near the nose. These infections usually occur after having a cold or an allergic inflammation. […] A sinus infection often follows an upper respiratory infection (URI) or common cold. The URI causes inflammation of the nasal passages that can lead to obstruction of the opening of the paranasal sinuses, which can lead to infection in the sinuses. Allergic disease can also lead to sinusitis because of the swelling of the nasal tissue and increased production of mucus.

• #51 Sinusitis – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/health-a-z/sinusitis/

  Sinusitis is a sinus infection. It can occur when mucus builds up in the air-filled pockets in the sinuses, causing a stuffy nose. When mucus builds up, the sinuses react when exposed to allergens, irritants or respiratory viruses. This causes the tissue lining in the sinuses to become inflamed and swollen, leading to more mucus. […] As mucus accumulates in your sinuses, it creates a breeding ground for germs. Infection can set in, causing sinus pressure, inflammation and pain. […] Sinusitis is most often caused by a viral, fungal or bacterial infection. But certain conditions place you at increased risk, such as: […] Any infection that causes inflammation in the sinuses and increased mucus production can put you at risk. […] Seasonal allergies (also called hay fever). These often cause nasal inflammation and increased mucus production. This provides a breeding ground for germs.

• #52

  https://www.wyndly.com/blogs/learn/sinusitis?srsltid=AfmBOopLBM6T42g6eBxUy_3f7ZIZ4hysHay19Vp-BozwWm26FQ9RwnQI

  Yes. While allergy symptoms can mimic a sinus infection without causing one, they can also create the ideal conditionsincluding congestion in facial and nasal cavitiesfor a sinus infection to develop. […] A sinus infection is marked by inflammation in your facial and nasal cavities. Normally hollow, these cavities fill with mucus, creating the perfect environment for germs and bacteria to grow. […] It is important to know what causes a sinus infection and how to evaluate your symptoms in case they need medical attention. […] While most sinus infections begin with a virus, there are plenty of other sources. It’s worth exploring potential causes of sinusitis in case there is an underlying reason you are dealing with this condition. […] If you are sensitive to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander, you may experience chronic sinusitis as your body launches an allergic reaction. Environmental and seasonal allergies are commonly behind chronic symptoms such as sinus pain, runny nose, and facial tenderness.

• #53 7 Causes and Risk Factors of Sinus Infection

  https://www.health.com/condition/sinus-disorders/causes-of-sinus-infections

  Your sinuses are air-filled spaces in your skull behind your cheeks, eyebrows, and jaw. Sinusitis, or a sinus infection, happens when you have swollen or inflamed tissues within the sinuses. You may know that viruses, bacteria, and fungi are all potential reasons for what causes a sinus infection but they aren’t the only causes. […] Other causes that contribute to developing a sinus infection include allergies, sinus structure issues like polyps, and lifestyle factors like smoking. […] Most sinus infections start with a cold. Viruses cause colds and can make nasal tissue swell, blocking the holes that usually drain sinuses. […] Because inflammation can block the nasal passages and prevent draining, allergies are often associated with sinus infections. […] While most infectious causes of sinus infections are actually viral, if you do develop bacterial sinusitis, it can be treated with antibiotics after consulting with a healthcare provider.

• #54 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. […] Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold, Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose caused by allergens, Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps, A deviated septum, which is when the nasal cavity is crooked. […] Acute sinusitis is typically caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] Chronic sinusitis brings on the same unpleasant symptoms as acute sinusitis. But it lasts a whole lot longer. You won’t be diagnosed with chronic sinusitis until you’ve had symptoms for at least 3 months. What causes it? That’s not always clear. There are many things that increase your risk, including: Nasal polyps, or small growths inside your nose, Deviated nasal septum, in which the bone and cartilage that divides your nose gets pushed to one side, often due to an injury, Allergies, Recurring respiratory infections, Diseases that affect the immune system, such as cystic fibrosis and HIV.

• #55 Sinusitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/sinusitis

  In almost 90% cases in adults and 50% to 70% cases in children, acute sinusitis have a viral cause. […] A small percentage of acute sinusitis, and possibly chronic sinusitis cases, are caused by bacteria. […] However, when a cold or other viral upper respiratory infection blocks the nasal passage and prevents the sinuses from draining, bacteria can multiply within the mucous lining of the sinuses, causing sinusitis. […] Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the bacteria most often linked to acute sinusitis. […] An allergic reaction to fungi is a cause of some chronic rhinosinusitis cases. […] Allergies, asthma, and sinusitis often overlap. […] Chronic sinusitis and recurrent acute sinusitis are also associated with disorders that weaken the immune system or produce airway inflammation or persistent thickened stagnant mucus. […] Structural abnormalities in the nose can cause a blockage, thereby increasing the risk for chronic sinusitis.

• #56 Sinus Infection | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/sinus-infection/

  Sinus infection (known as sinusitis) is a major health problem. It afflicts 31 million people in the United States. […] Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses. It is often caused by bacterial (germ) infection. Sometimes, viruses and fungi (molds) cause it. People with weak immune systems are more likely to develop bacterial or fungal sinus infection. […] Sinus infections happen when you “catch a bug” and a virus, bacteria or mold settles in the sinuses and causes inflammation of the area lining your sinuses. The sinus cavity, which is like a dark cave, fills up with fluid and becomes blocked. This is the perfect place for germs to grow. People who have nasal allergies already have this sinus irritation. If you have a weak immune system, you are more likely to develop sinus infection from bacteria or mold. Other things that can cause sinus infections are colds, seasonal allergies, nasal polyps or a deviated septum. With a deviated septum one side of the nose is shifted over, and it makes it hard to drain mucous, so the sinuses get backed up.

• #57 Sinusitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an infection most often caused by viruses or bacteria or both. […] Blockage of the narrow sinus draining channels is the main reason we get sinusitis, and restoration of drainage is the key to treatment. […] Many other things can block your sinuses and lead to infection. The list includes allergies, cigarette smoke and other irritating fumes, changes in barometric pressure during flying or scuba diving, nasal polyps, and a deviated nasal septum. […] Many bacteria can cause acute sinusitis; the most common include some with fearsome names like Pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella. […] In addition to the bacteria that cause acute sinusitis, Staphylococcus, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi may lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #58 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  Invasive fungal sinusitis is an aggressive, sometimes fatal, infection in immunocompromised patients, usually caused by Aspergillus or Mucor species. […] Common risk factors for sinusitis include factors that obstruct normal sinus drainage (eg, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, nasogastric or nasotracheal tubes, nasal packing) and immunocompromised states (eg, diabetes, HIV infection). […] Most acute sinusitis in immunocompetent patients is viral. […] Immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of aggressive fungal or bacterial infection.

• #59 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Viruses are the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis. The viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) pathogens include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus. The most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Although rare, fungal infections can also cause acute rhinosinusitis, though this is almost exclusively seen in the immunosuppressed (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, HIV positive, oncology patients undergoing active treatment, and patients on immunosuppressants for an organ transplant or rheumatologic conditions). […] Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly viral. The large majority of cases will either resolve spontaneously or can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, serious form of the infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. […] Most causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are viral. Most cases will resolve spontaneously. There is evidence that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can also resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of ABRS is clinical.

• #60 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  A variety of fungi that are normally found throughout the environment can be present in the nose and sinuses of most healthy people. In certain situations, however, fungi can cause significant nasal and sinus inflammation. […] Invasive fungal sinusitis is a very serious disorder that develops most often in people whose immune system is impaired by chemotherapy or by diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or AIDS. […] Allergic fungal sinusitis is a chronic sinusitis in which fungi cause an allergic reaction characterized by marked nasal congestion and the formation of nasal and sinus polyps.

• #61 Sinusitis – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-sinus-disorders/sinusitis

  A variety of fungi that are normally found throughout the environment can be present in the nose and sinuses of most healthy people. In certain situations, however, fungi can cause significant nasal and sinus inflammation. […] Invasive fungal sinusitis is a very serious disorder that develops most often in people whose immune system is impaired by chemotherapy or by diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or AIDS. […] Allergic fungal sinusitis is a chronic sinusitis in which fungi cause an allergic reaction characterized by marked nasal congestion and the formation of nasal and sinus polyps.

• #62 Sinusitis – Allergy & Asthma Network

  https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/health-a-z/sinusitis/

  Structural abnormalities. Anything that changes the structure of the nose and sinuses may disturb the flow of secretions. This may cause a buildup of mucus. Some structural abnormalities include nasal polyps, a deviated nasal septum, cleft palate or tumors. […] Environmental factors. Exposure to irritants can cause inflammation and increase mucus production. These may include tobacco smoke, exposure to secondhand smoke, vaping aerosol, chemicals, fumes or allergens. […] Certain medications may increase congestion. These may include birth control pills, medications for high blood pressure or depression. Medication that suppress the immune system also increases risk of sinus problems. […] Certain medical conditions, including respiratory diseases such as asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), cystic fibrosis and immune and autoimmune disorders, may put people more at risk. […] Foreign objects in the nose, facial trauma or dental infections can lead to sinus problems.

• #63 Causes of Sinusitis

  https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/3,85809

  You may be sensitive to certain substances. This causes the release of histamine in the body. Histamine makes your sinus and nasal linings swell. Long-term swelling clogs your sinuses. It prevents the tiny hairs (cilia) in the nasal lining from sweeping away mucus. Allergy symptoms can continue over time. But theyre less severe than with colds. […] A polyp is a sac of swollen tissue. It can be the result of an allergy or infection. It may block the opening where most of your sinuses drain (middle meatus). It may even grow large enough to block your nose. […] A deviated septum is when the thin wall inside your nose is pushed to one side. It’s often the result of injury. This can block your middle meatus. […] People with chronic nasal problems or allergies are more likely to get acute sinusitis. Sinusitis is also more common if you have a weakened immune system, such as with HIV. You’re also more likely to get sinusitis if you have cystic fibrosis or another condition that causes your body to make extra mucus.

• #64 Sinus Infection: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cold-flu/sinus-infection-symptoms

  A doctor may prescribe antibiotics for a bacterial sinus infection that has lasted 10 days or more without improving or if symptoms seem to improve but then get worse within 10 days. […] If you’re allergic to something that causes persistent sinus symptoms, you’ll likely need to treat your allergies to relieve your sinus infection. […] A sinus infection may improve on its own. But in some cases, it may get worse. […] Rarely if a sinus infection affects a sinus cavity close to the brain, it can spread to the space around the brain. An infection can also pass into the eye socket and cause vision changes or blindness. […] These types of infections are more common in people with compromised immune systems. […] Most children will fully recover from a sinus infection without antibiotics. Antibiotics are used for severe cases of sinusitis or in children who have other complications because of sinusitis.

• #65 Sinus Infections and What Causes Them

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/sinus-infection-overview-83143

  A sinus infection is inflammation of the sinuses, which are the air spaces around your nose, eyes, cheeks, and forehead. It is also called sinusitis. […] Acute sinus infections often start with allergies or viral infection (such as a cold) and sometimes develop into a bacterial infection. Chronic sinus infections are usually due to ongoing inflammation. Structural abnormalities in the sinuses can predispose to chronic or recurrent sinusitis. […] Allergic rhinitis and upper respiratory tract infections are risk factors for acute and chronic sinusitis. Other conditions that can increase the chance of developing sinus infections include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-allergic rhinitis. […] You may be more prone to either form of sinusitis if you have structural abnormalities that inhibit sinus drainage.

• #66 Chronic sinusitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-sinusitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351661

  An infection, growths in the sinuses, called nasal polyps, or swelling of the lining of the sinuses can cause chronic sinusitis. […] The cause of chronic sinusitis usually is not known. Some medical conditions, including cystic fibrosis, can cause chronic sinusitis in children and teens. […] A common cold or other infection that affects the sinuses. Viruses or bacteria can cause these infections. […] A problem inside the nose, such as a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps or tumors.

• #67 Causes of Sinusitis

  https://www.veteranshealthlibrary.va.gov/3,85809

  You may be sensitive to certain substances. This causes the release of histamine in the body. Histamine makes your sinus and nasal linings swell. Long-term swelling clogs your sinuses. It prevents the tiny hairs (cilia) in the nasal lining from sweeping away mucus. Allergy symptoms can continue over time. But theyre less severe than with colds. […] A polyp is a sac of swollen tissue. It can be the result of an allergy or infection. It may block the opening where most of your sinuses drain (middle meatus). It may even grow large enough to block your nose. […] A deviated septum is when the thin wall inside your nose is pushed to one side. It’s often the result of injury. This can block your middle meatus. […] People with chronic nasal problems or allergies are more likely to get acute sinusitis. Sinusitis is also more common if you have a weakened immune system, such as with HIV. You’re also more likely to get sinusitis if you have cystic fibrosis or another condition that causes your body to make extra mucus.

• #68 Sinusitis: Understanding the 4 Underlying Causes: Lawrence Otolaryngology Associates: Otolaryngology

  https://www.lawoto.com/blog/sinusitis-understanding-the-4-underlying-causes

  This condition, called a deviated septum, may interfere with normal sinus drainage. […] Soft, fleshy growths that can grow on the walls of your nasal passages, polyps arent a problem themselves, but like a deviated septum, they can interfere with airflow and sinus drainage. Any restriction to mucus flow can set off the series of events leading to sinusitis.

• #69 Why Sinusitis Keeps Coming Back | Jerome Hester, MD

  https://www.drhesterent.com/why-sinusitis-keeps-coming-back/

  Accurate diagnosis is key to treating sinusitis, especially when the infections return over and over again. […] There are several anatomical issues that prevent sinus cavities and/or the nasal passages from draining properly. […] Anyone who has broken their nose in the past is at higher risk for chronic sinus infections, so make sure to mention your nasal fracture history when you make an appointment with our office. […] Sometimes, for reasons that are unclear, the thin tissue lining the nasal passages develop small, benign (non-cancerous) tumors. We call these nasal polyps. […] If the septum has deviated to the point that it causes health problems, Dr. Hester will work with you to determine which treatment method or surgical procedure is best for correcting the deviation. […] Previous injuries, anatomic defects from birth, or previous sinus injections can all cause scar tissue to build up in the sinuses. This blocks the cavities from functioning and draining properly, which can trap irritants in the cavity.

• #70 Common Causes of Sinus Infections

  https://www.southfloridasinusandallergy.com/10-most-common-causes-of-sinus-infections/

  Sinus infections can be a huge painliterally. […] Not many people know why they suddenly develop a sinus infection, however. Here are the top underlying reasons most people experience sinusitis. […] Many times sinuses become infected because they have dried out and their membranes have cracked. This fissure allows bacteria to get into the sinuses and cause problems. […] You cant get a sinus infection without some type of bacteria or virus. These tiny microscopic creatures can sneak in when your sinuses are made vulnerable through other environmental factors. […] Allergies often cause inflammation around the nasal passage. This inflammation can prevent the nose from draining, often leading to sinus infections. […] A nasal polyp is a type of small, benign growth that forms in the nose or sinus tissues. Polyps can cause the sinus cavities to become blocked, preventing mucus from draining and causing a sinus infection.

• #71 5 of The Most Common Causes of Sinusitis

  https://www.socalsinus.com/5-of-the-most-common-causes-of-sinusitis/

  Causes of Sinusitis […] Acute sinusitis is temporary, and develops when the membranes inside the nose, sinus cavities, and sometimes the throat become inflamed, usually from recent virus, bacteria, or airborne irritants exposure, or allergies. […] Chronic sinusitis, also known as recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, is similar to acute sinus infections, but the primary difference is symptoms occur more frequently or worsen before going away after 10 to 12 weeks or recur at least three times within a rolling 12-month period. […] Many people prone to sinus infections have allergies and are sensitive to substances and particles in the air they breathe. […] Sinusitis that occurs from structural septum abnormalities dont normally respond to conventional therapeutics and remedies. […] Nasal polyps are small, abnormal growths that develop in the sinuses or nose.

• #72 Sinus Infections Causes & Treatment for Arizona — Valley ENT

  https://www.azvent.com/conditions/nose/sinus-infections-recurrent/

  These noncancerous growths develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses and can obstruct the passages. Polyps are often associated with conditions like asthma and allergies, which can exacerbate sinusitis symptoms. […] When the cartilage and bone that divide the nasal cavity are significantly off-center, they can impede airflow and mucus drainage, increasing the risk of recurrent sinus infections. […] Other structural abnormalities, such as enlarged turbinates or narrow sinus openings, can also contribute to recurrent sinus infections. […] If home remedies dont reduce the number of sinus infections, structural conditions or nasal polyps may be causing your recurrent sinus infections. […] In cases where structural abnormalities or severe nasal polyps contribute to recurrent sinus infections, surgery may be necessary.

• #73 5 of The Most Common Causes of Sinusitis

  https://www.socalsinus.com/5-of-the-most-common-causes-of-sinusitis/

  Enlarged turbinates are a common cause of sinus infections and nasal congestion that can lead to headaches, facial pain, trouble sleeping, eating, smelling, and additional discomfort. […] Congestion develops when the mucosa, the thin layer of moist tissues that line the nasal and sinus cavities and moisturize the air you breathe become irritated or infected.

• #74 Top 9 Causes of Sinusitis Infection | Dr.GVK Chaitanya Rao – Best Sinus Specialist in India

  https://www.sinusdoctor.com/causes-of-sinusitis-infection/

  What are the Main Causes of Sinusitis Infection? Sinusitis can be caused by a variety of reasons ranging from microorganisms & allergies to polyps to structural abnormalities such as a deviated septum to some rare causes such as carcinomas. […] Different agents such as bacteria, viruses or chemical particles such as cigarette smoke can trigger an episode of Sinusitis. […] Structural abnormalities of the nasal septum, paranasal sinuses, and the lining are a common cause of chronic sinusitis. […] Other scarce conditions such as cystic fibrosis, immotile cilia syndrome and few others may cause Sinusitis. […] The enlargement causes nasal congestion and interferes with sinus drainage. This is why patients with adenoids suffer frequent and severe episodes of sinusitis. […] Sometimes, previous surgical procedures cause scarring in the areas where sinus canals open up in the nasal cavity. When that happens, the drainage of the sinuses becomes difficult, mucus and microorganisms buildup, providing a perfect environment for sinusitis. […] Sinusitis can be triggered by multiple reasons such as bacterial infection, allergy, etc. The most common sinusitis triggers are as follows – Bacterial or viral.

• #75 Sinusitis (Sinus Infection) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sinusitis.html

  When sinuses get irritated and inflamed, its called sinusitis (syne-yuh-SYE-tis). […] Inflammation in the sinuses can come from: germs, such as a virus or bacteria, in which case its called a sinus infection. […] When a person has a viral respiratory illness (like a cold or the flu) or allergies, their nasal passages and sinus tissues get inflamed. This means they swell and make more mucus. If the swollen sinuses can’t drain, they can get blocked, trapping mucus inside them. Germs can grow there and lead to a sinus infection. […] Sometimes other things can block the sinuses and lead to a sinus infection, like enlarged adenoids or nasal polyps (small growths of tissue inside the nose).

• #76 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P00464

  Sinusitis is an infection of the lining of the sinuses near the nose. These infections most often happen after a cold or after an allergy flare-up. […] A sinus infection can happen after a cold. The cold inflames the nasal passages. This can block the opening of the sinuses and lead to infection. Allergies can also cause the nasal tissue to swell and make more mucus and cause sinusitis. […] Other conditions that can lead to sinusitis include: Abnormalities in the structure of the nose, Enlarged adenoids, Diving and swimming, Tooth infections, Nose injury, Foreign objects that are stuck in the nose, Secondhand smoke. […] If mucus drainage is blocked, bacteria may start to grow. This leads to a sinus infection, or sinusitis. The most common viruses and bacteria that cause sinusitis also cause the flu or certain kinds of pneumonia.

• #77 Why Sinusitis Keeps Coming Back | Jerome Hester, MD

  https://www.drhesterent.com/why-sinusitis-keeps-coming-back/

  If Dr. Hester notices that scar tissue is impacting sinus function, he may recommend endoscopic sinus surgery to clear the tissue away. […] If your nasal passages or sinus cavities experience abnormal growths of any kind, they can usually be removed through surgery. […] Most anatomical abnormalities affecting the bony or soft tissues comprising the sinus cavities can be repaired via surgery, greatly eliminating the experience of recurrent sinus issues. […] The only way to stop recurring sinus infections once and for all is to have an evaluation by a specialist who has the specialized training and experience to accurately diagnose their cause.

• #78 Sinusitis: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/sinusitis

  Sinusitis, or a sinus infection, can cause a stuffy or runny nose, a decreased sense of smell, and other symptoms. […] Inflammation can occur because of conditions such as structural issues in the nose or a sinus infection. The terms sinusitis and sinus infection are sometimes used interchangeably. […] Different causes can lead to the fluid buildup in the sinuses that occurs with sinusitis. Possible causes can include: viral infections like the common cold, seasonal allergies, bacterial infections that may require antibiotics to clear. […] Sometimes, a cold, allergens, or bacteria can cause too much mucus to form. This mucus buildup can become thick and encourage bacteria and other germs to build up in your sinus cavity, eventually leading to a sinus infection. […] Bacterial infection may be to blame in these cases. Additionally, chronic sinusitis commonly occurs alongside persistent allergies or structural nasal issues. […] If your symptoms do not improve within a few weeks, you may have a bacterial infection that needs treatment by a doctor. […] If your chronic sinusitis does not improve with time and medication, you may undergo surgery to clear obstructed sinuses, repair a deviated septum, or remove polyps.

• #79 Sinusitis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus. […] When the sinus openings become blocked or too much mucus builds up, bacteria and other germs can grow more easily. […] Sinusitis can occur from one of these conditions: Small hairs (cilia) in the sinuses fail to properly move mucus out

• #80 Sinusitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm

  Sinusitis is present when the tissue lining the sinuses become swollen or inflamed. It occurs as the result of an inflammatory reaction or an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus. […] When the sinus openings become blocked or too much mucus builds up, bacteria and other germs can grow more easily. […] Sinusitis can occur from one of these conditions: Small hairs (cilia) in the sinuses fail to

• #81 Sinusitis Causes | National Jewish Health

  https://www.nationaljewish.org/conditions/sinusitis/causes

  Sinusitis can be either acute or chronic. Acute sinusitis is often caused by a viral respiratory infection that in some cases leads to a bacterial infection; the condition is short term, often less than 4 weeks, resolving once the infection has run its course. […] The common cold (viral respiratory illnesses), allergies and factors in the environment are the most common triggers or causes for the development of sinusitis. These can all increase mucus production, change the characteristics of the mucus, and cause swelling in the nose and sinuses. […] Other important factors or causes may include tobacco exposure, nasal septal deviation, nasal polyps, dryness and mold sensitivity (rarely). Diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, immune deficiencies and immotile cilia syndrome (though rare) are often associated with sinusitis. In many people with sinus problems, the lining of the nose and sinuses is overly sensitive to a variety of factors. Thus there are multiple possible triggers for the development of sinusitis.

• #82 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #83 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): 18 Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Medications & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/sinus_infection/article_em.htm

  Sinus Infection Symptoms of sinus infection include pain in the forehead or between the eyes, toothache, feeling of fullness in the mid-face, stuffy nose, and congestion. […] The sinuses contain defenses against foreign viruses and bacteria (germs). If the normal defenses are disrupted, they may allow bacteria normally present in the nasal passages to enter any of the sinuses. Once there, the bacteria may stick to the lining cells and cause a sinus infection. […] Acute sinusitis usually follows a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract, but allergy-causing substances (allergens) or pollutants may also trigger acute sinusitis. A Viral infection damages the cells of the sinus lining, leading to inflammation. The lining thickens, obstructing the nasal passage. This passage connects to the sinuses. The obstruction disrupts the process that removes bacteria normally present in the nasal passages, and the bacteria begin to multiply and invade the lining of the sinus. This causes the symptoms of sinus infection. Allergens and pollutants produce a similar effect.

• #84 Chronic Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441934/

  Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages occurring for more than 12 weeks at a time. […] As stated in the acute sinusitis chapter, viruses and bacteria are the most common etiologies for sinusitis. Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella are the most common bacterial causes. Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial in nature and can include infectious, inflammatory, or structural factors. Thus, other etiologies such as allergic rhinitis (dust mites, molds), exposures (airborne irritants, cigarette smoke or other toxins), structural causes (nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum), ciliary dysfunction, immunodeficiencies, and fungal infections should be considered. […] Chronic sinusitis may present as (1) chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, (2) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and (3) allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

• #85 7 Causes and Risk Factors of Sinus Infection

  https://www.health.com/condition/sinus-disorders/causes-of-sinus-infections

  Nasal polyps are small, benign growths that develop from nose or sinus tissues and can cause the sinus cavities to become blocked, preventing mucus from draining and causing sinus infection. […] Allergens and pollutants in the air like dust and outdoor air pollution may play a role in sinusitis development. […] While fungal sinus infections can occur in healthy individuals, they are most common in people with weakened immune systems. […] Structural problems related to your nose can block openings in the sinus, preventing mucus drainage. […] Sinusitis has several causes, from germs like viruses and bacteria to nose structure issues. Many risk factors can contribute to a sinus infection, such as nasal obstruction due to polyps or a deviated septum, allergies, or a weakened immune system.

• #86 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Fungi (the plural of fungus) are living organisms that include mold, mildew, and mushrooms. They come in all sizes. Tiny fungi can be breathed in. Sometimes, that causes a fungal infection in your sinuses. […] Dust, pollen, smoke, and other environmental irritants that you breathe in can trigger sinusitis. […] Sinusitis itself cannot be spread from person to person, so it is not contagious. But the cause of your sinusitis likely is. Remember, most sinusitis is caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] If a fungus is to blame, you’ll get a prescription for an antifungal medicine. […] If your symptoms do not get better, talk with your doctor. They might order tests to figure out why you still have symptoms.

• #87 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #88 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Chronic sinusitis has a complicated set of causes. The main problem in chronic sinusitis is inflammation in the sinuses, and this can be caused by lots of things. The cause of chronic sinusitis differs from person to person, and there may be more than one cause present. […] It’s thought that certain viral infections could be the initial trigger for chronic sinusitis, perhaps by starting a process of inflammation that never fully resolves even after the virus has gone. […] There might also be a link with bacterial infections, although this is complex, controversial, and not fully understood. It’s possible that chronic (long-lasting) bacterial infection may cause some cases of chronic sinusitis. […] Smoking is a strong risk factor for chronic sinusitis. Cigarette smoke damages the lining of the nose and sinuses, causing inflammation.

• #89 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #90 4 Unexpected Causes of Chronic Sinus Pain | Harley Street ENT Clinic

  https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/four-unexpected-causes-of-chronic-sinus-pain

  Deviated septum, nasal polyps, or narrow sinus openings can all obstruct proper drainage and ventilation, leading to recurrent sinus infections and pain. […] In our modern world filled with pollution, chemicals, and allergens, it’s no surprise that environmental factors can contribute to sinus pain. […] Airborne irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, strong odours, and even certain cleaning products can trigger inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to chronic sinus discomfort. […] Chronic sinus pain can sometimes be a symptom of an underlying medical condition that extends beyond the sinuses themselves. […] Conditions such as migraines, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, or even systemic diseases like autoimmune disorders can manifest with sinus-like symptoms.

• #91 Sinus infection (Sinusitis) – UNDER REVIEW

  https://www.entuk.org/patients/conditions/45/sinus_infection_sinusitis/

  Sinus infection occurs in two types. Acute sinusitis gives rise to severe symptoms but is usually short-lived. […] Chronic sinusitis may be caused by an acute sinus infection which fails to resolve or as a result of an underlying allergy affecting the lining membranes of the nose and sinuses. […] The pain from sinusitis usually occurs as a result of blockage of the sinus opening. These blockages may be caused by infections, irritants, allergies or a structural abnormality. […] Bacterial infections often follow the common cold. When the mucus changes from clear to yellow or green it usually means a bacteria infection has developed. […] Air pollution, smoke and chemical irritants, for example some sprays containing pesticides, disinfectants and household detergents, may cause swelling and blockage of the lining of the nose causing a narrowing of the drainage opening from the sinuses. […] Allergies can cause inflammation inside the nose. […] Occasionally structural problems within the nasal cavity can cause a narrowing. […] Occasionally the structural narrowing can be so severe that mucus builds up behind these areas of blockage giving rise to sinus infection.

• #92 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Breathing in pollutants and other irritants, such as pesticides, dust, cleaning agents, and toxic gases can also cause inflammation in the nose and sinuses, leading to chronic sinusitis. […] Allergies are more common in people with chronic sinusitis. Allergies, such as to dust mites, animal fur, and mould, can cause chronic rhinitis, and may make chronic sinusitis symptoms worse. […] It’s possible that overgrowth or imbalance in fungi growth might contribute to chronic sinusitis, although this is probably only a factor in a small number of cases. […] Sometimes, changes in the shape of the nasal passages and the sinuses can cause narrowings, and prevent nasal mucus from draining properly. This can contribute to chronic sinusitis. […] Dental problems can cause maxillary sinusitis, such as gum disease, dental infections, including deep infections or abscesses, and complications from dental procedures.

• #93 Sinusitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an infection most often caused by viruses or bacteria or both. […] Blockage of the narrow sinus draining channels is the main reason we get sinusitis, and restoration of drainage is the key to treatment. […] Many other things can block your sinuses and lead to infection. The list includes allergies, cigarette smoke and other irritating fumes, changes in barometric pressure during flying or scuba diving, nasal polyps, and a deviated nasal septum. […] Many bacteria can cause acute sinusitis; the most common include some with fearsome names like Pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella. […] In addition to the bacteria that cause acute sinusitis, Staphylococcus, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi may lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #94 Sinusitis – Types, Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/sinusitis-types-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  It’s not clear exactly what causes sinusitis to become chronic (long-lasting), but it has been associated with: Mechanical obstruction – Deviated septum, any swellings within the nose like nasal polyps; Focal infection- common cold, nasal infections, Adenotonsillitis, dental extraction, Trauma, exposure to dusty or polluted areas; Allergies and related conditions, including allergic rhinitis, asthma and hay fever; Immunodeficiency / a weakened immune system; Autonomic imbalance – emotional disturbances, stress, Thermal changes, Change in humidity; Hormones- pregnancy, puberty, hypothyroidism; Smoking. […] For infants and young children, spending time in day cares, using pacifiers or drinking bottles while lying down could increase the chances of getting sinusitis, and for adults, smoking increases the risks for sinus infections.

• #95 Common Causes of Sinus Infections

  https://www.southfloridasinusandallergy.com/10-most-common-causes-of-sinus-infections/

  Sinus infections can be a huge painliterally. […] Not many people know why they suddenly develop a sinus infection, however. Here are the top underlying reasons most people experience sinusitis. […] Many times sinuses become infected because they have dried out and their membranes have cracked. This fissure allows bacteria to get into the sinuses and cause problems. […] You cant get a sinus infection without some type of bacteria or virus. These tiny microscopic creatures can sneak in when your sinuses are made vulnerable through other environmental factors. […] Allergies often cause inflammation around the nasal passage. This inflammation can prevent the nose from draining, often leading to sinus infections. […] A nasal polyp is a type of small, benign growth that forms in the nose or sinus tissues. Polyps can cause the sinus cavities to become blocked, preventing mucus from draining and causing a sinus infection.

• #96 What is a Sinus Infection and How Do You Treat It? | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/sinus-infection

  Other things that can contribute to chronic sinus infections include: Problems with the nasal passages, such as nasal polyps or deviated septum, Cystic fibrosis (CF) or another immune deficiency disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] If your sinus infection is caused by a virus (like a cold), you can spread the infection (the cold) to another. […] Antibiotics are not needed for most sinus infections. […] In a subset of people who have a bacterial sinus infection, a doctor may prescribe an antibiotic, Dr. Minior noted. […] When antibiotics are taken when they arent needed, they wont help and can contribute to antibiotic resistance. […] You can also reduce your chances by avoiding things that irritate your nose and sinuses. […] Investing in a humidifier also doesnt hurt. Using a humidifier during cooler, drier months can help add moisture back into the air and help prevent sinus infections.

• #97 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symptoms, Causes, Duration, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinusitis-and-sinus-infection

  Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining the sinuses. […] Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include: The common cold, Allergic rhinitis, which is swelling of the lining of the nose caused by allergens, Small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps, A deviated septum, which is when the nasal cavity is crooked. […] Acute sinusitis is typically caused by the common cold, a viral infection. […] Chronic sinusitis brings on the same unpleasant symptoms as acute sinusitis. But it lasts a whole lot longer. You won’t be diagnosed with chronic sinusitis until you’ve had symptoms for at least 3 months. What causes it? That’s not always clear. There are many things that increase your risk, including: Nasal polyps, or small growths inside your nose, Deviated nasal septum, in which the bone and cartilage that divides your nose gets pushed to one side, often due to an injury, Allergies, Recurring respiratory infections, Diseases that affect the immune system, such as cystic fibrosis and HIV.

• #98 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #99 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #100 What is Chronic Sinusitis? Symptoms and Causes | UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/chronic-sinusitis

  Chronic sinusitis (also referred to as chronic rhinosinusitis) is an inflammatory condition of the sinuses. Sometimes chronic sinusitis may be due to chronic bacterial infections. […] For most patients, it is not known what causes chronic sinusitis and much of the research in this field is directed at understanding this process. Research being performed by our physicians is in the process identifying the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic sinusitis. While the causes of chronic sinusitis are currently unknown, there are factors that are known to be associated with chronic sinusitis. […] Sinus infections. […] Chronic allergies and allergic rhinitis. […] Anatomic blockages of the sinuses such as deviated septum. […] Constant exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or fumes. […] Asthma. […] Deficiency or weakness of the immune system. […] Cystic fibrosis.

• #101 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #102 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Sometimes, chronic sinusitis can develop as a result of another medical condition. Examples include cystic fibrosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and a severely weakened immune system. […] Chronic sinusitis also has links to other conditions. These don’t directly cause sinusitis, but likely share underlying causes with it.

• #103 Sinusitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/sinusitis

  In almost 90% cases in adults and 50% to 70% cases in children, acute sinusitis have a viral cause. […] A small percentage of acute sinusitis, and possibly chronic sinusitis cases, are caused by bacteria. […] However, when a cold or other viral upper respiratory infection blocks the nasal passage and prevents the sinuses from draining, bacteria can multiply within the mucous lining of the sinuses, causing sinusitis. […] Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the bacteria most often linked to acute sinusitis. […] An allergic reaction to fungi is a cause of some chronic rhinosinusitis cases. […] Allergies, asthma, and sinusitis often overlap. […] Chronic sinusitis and recurrent acute sinusitis are also associated with disorders that weaken the immune system or produce airway inflammation or persistent thickened stagnant mucus. […] Structural abnormalities in the nose can cause a blockage, thereby increasing the risk for chronic sinusitis.

• #104 Chronic Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441934/

  Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages occurring for more than 12 weeks at a time. […] As stated in the acute sinusitis chapter, viruses and bacteria are the most common etiologies for sinusitis. Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella are the most common bacterial causes. Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial in nature and can include infectious, inflammatory, or structural factors. Thus, other etiologies such as allergic rhinitis (dust mites, molds), exposures (airborne irritants, cigarette smoke or other toxins), structural causes (nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum), ciliary dysfunction, immunodeficiencies, and fungal infections should be considered. […] Chronic sinusitis may present as (1) chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, (2) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and (3) allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

• #105 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Patients with this form of CRS are more prone to the formation of nasal polyps. […] This form of sinusitis can account for 5-10% of all cases of chronic sinusitis that require surgery to repair. […] AERD, also known as Sampters Triad is a very severe form of chronic sinusitis where patients suffer from poorly controlled Asthma and severe sinusitis that is made worse by taking aspirin or other NSAID medications such as ibuprofen. […] This surprisingly common form of chronic sinusitis is due to a tooth infection (typically one of the upper molars) that has spread through the tooth root into the sinuses. […] Children and adults with cystic fibrosis are prone to a very severe form of chronic sinusitis that can develop at a very young age. […] This subtype of chronic sinusitis is increasing in prevalence due to the increasing number of patients treated with medications that decrease immune function (eg. Humira for arthritis).

• #106 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Patients with this form of CRS are more prone to the formation of nasal polyps. […] This form of sinusitis can account for 5-10% of all cases of chronic sinusitis that require surgery to repair. […] AERD, also known as Sampters Triad is a very severe form of chronic sinusitis where patients suffer from poorly controlled Asthma and severe sinusitis that is made worse by taking aspirin or other NSAID medications such as ibuprofen. […] This surprisingly common form of chronic sinusitis is due to a tooth infection (typically one of the upper molars) that has spread through the tooth root into the sinuses. […] Children and adults with cystic fibrosis are prone to a very severe form of chronic sinusitis that can develop at a very young age. […] This subtype of chronic sinusitis is increasing in prevalence due to the increasing number of patients treated with medications that decrease immune function (eg. Humira for arthritis).

• #107 Chronic Sinusitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/chronic-sinusitis

  The use of some medications may also increase the risk of chronic sinusitis. There are some cases of chronic sinusitis that show the relationship between aspirin sensitivity and chronic sinusitis. Cigarette smoke and other regular exposure to pollutants are also the factors found in number of cases.

• #108 Sinus Infections and What Causes Them

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/sinus-infection-overview-83143

  A sinus infection is inflammation of the sinuses, which are the air spaces around your nose, eyes, cheeks, and forehead. It is also called sinusitis. […] Acute sinus infections often start with allergies or viral infection (such as a cold) and sometimes develop into a bacterial infection. Chronic sinus infections are usually due to ongoing inflammation. Structural abnormalities in the sinuses can predispose to chronic or recurrent sinusitis. […] Allergic rhinitis and upper respiratory tract infections are risk factors for acute and chronic sinusitis. Other conditions that can increase the chance of developing sinus infections include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and non-allergic rhinitis. […] You may be more prone to either form of sinusitis if you have structural abnormalities that inhibit sinus drainage.

• #109 What is a Sinus Infection and How Do You Treat It? | Banner

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/sinus-infection

  Other things that can contribute to chronic sinus infections include: Problems with the nasal passages, such as nasal polyps or deviated septum, Cystic fibrosis (CF) or another immune deficiency disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] If your sinus infection is caused by a virus (like a cold), you can spread the infection (the cold) to another. […] Antibiotics are not needed for most sinus infections. […] In a subset of people who have a bacterial sinus infection, a doctor may prescribe an antibiotic, Dr. Minior noted. […] When antibiotics are taken when they arent needed, they wont help and can contribute to antibiotic resistance. […] You can also reduce your chances by avoiding things that irritate your nose and sinuses. […] Investing in a humidifier also doesnt hurt. Using a humidifier during cooler, drier months can help add moisture back into the air and help prevent sinus infections.

• #110 4 Unexpected Causes of Chronic Sinus Pain | Harley Street ENT Clinic

  https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/four-unexpected-causes-of-chronic-sinus-pain

  Chronic sinus pain can significantly impact your quality of life, affecting your ability to work, sleep, and enjoy daily activities. […] While common culprits like allergies and infections are well-known triggers, there are several unexpected causes that may be contributing to your discomfort. […] Problems with your teeth and jaws can surprisingly lead to chronic sinus pain. […] When you have an infection or inflammation in your teeth or gums, the roots of your upper teeth are close to the floor of your sinus cavity. […] This means that any issues in your mouth can potentially affect your sinuses. […] Conditions such as tooth abscesses, gum disease, or even dental procedures like root canals can cause referred pain to the sinuses, leading to persistent discomfort. […] Sometimes, the cause of chronic sinus pain lies within the structure of your nasal passages.

• #111 Causes of sinusitis | NY Center for Sinus Relief

  https://www.sinusreliefny.com/sinusitis-symptoms/causes-of-sinusitis/

  Most cases of sinusitis are caused by viral infections such as a cold, and usually resolve on their own over the course of about 10 days. […] Usually occurs after the sinus cavities are blocked and can be caused by streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis; such as bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. […] Generally rare and can occurs after an injury to the sinuses. […] Sinusitis can results from infections of these other sites as they are next to and are a part of the upper respiratory tract. […] Diseases in your upper teeth such as periodontal disease in the upper teeth may lead to maxillary sinusitis due to their close proximity.

• #112

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/sinusitis/symptoms-causes

  Sinusitis is usually due to a combination of factors acting at the same time, often triggered by a viral upper respiratory tract infection that predisposes you to secondary bacterial infection and impaired clearance of inflammatory mucus. […] These factors include: […] Untreated allergic rhinitis (allergic inflammation of airways in the nose) is one of the factors that can lead to sinusitis. […] Dental infections such as tooth infections usually cause isolated maxillary sinusitis. […] If you have a weakened immune function, fungal sinusitis, viral infections and bacterial infections may lead to sinusitis.

• #113

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cavernous-sinus-thrombosis/causes/

  Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from another area of the face or skull. […] Many cases are the result of an infection of staphylococcal (staph) bacteria, which can cause: sinusitis an infection of the small cavities behind the cheekbones and forehead. […] Less commonly, a blood clot can develop in the cavernous sinuses, due to: an infection spreading from the teeth or gums (dental abscess). […] a fungal infection. […] a health condition or other underlying factor that makes you more prone to blood clots, the most common being pregnancy. […] conditions that cause inflammation to develop inside the body, such as lupus or Behet’s disease. […] a complication of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. […] a very rare side effect after having some types of COVID-19 vaccine.

• #114 4 Unexpected Causes of Chronic Sinus Pain | Harley Street ENT Clinic

  https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/four-unexpected-causes-of-chronic-sinus-pain

  Chronic sinus pain can significantly impact your quality of life, affecting your ability to work, sleep, and enjoy daily activities. […] While common culprits like allergies and infections are well-known triggers, there are several unexpected causes that may be contributing to your discomfort. […] Problems with your teeth and jaws can surprisingly lead to chronic sinus pain. […] When you have an infection or inflammation in your teeth or gums, the roots of your upper teeth are close to the floor of your sinus cavity. […] This means that any issues in your mouth can potentially affect your sinuses. […] Conditions such as tooth abscesses, gum disease, or even dental procedures like root canals can cause referred pain to the sinuses, leading to persistent discomfort. […] Sometimes, the cause of chronic sinus pain lies within the structure of your nasal passages.

• #115 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Breathing in pollutants and other irritants, such as pesticides, dust, cleaning agents, and toxic gases can also cause inflammation in the nose and sinuses, leading to chronic sinusitis. […] Allergies are more common in people with chronic sinusitis. Allergies, such as to dust mites, animal fur, and mould, can cause chronic rhinitis, and may make chronic sinusitis symptoms worse. […] It’s possible that overgrowth or imbalance in fungi growth might contribute to chronic sinusitis, although this is probably only a factor in a small number of cases. […] Sometimes, changes in the shape of the nasal passages and the sinuses can cause narrowings, and prevent nasal mucus from draining properly. This can contribute to chronic sinusitis. […] Dental problems can cause maxillary sinusitis, such as gum disease, dental infections, including deep infections or abscesses, and complications from dental procedures.

• #116 4 Unexpected Causes of Chronic Sinus Pain | Harley Street ENT Clinic

  https://www.harleystreetent.com/blog/four-unexpected-causes-of-chronic-sinus-pain

  Chronic sinus pain can significantly impact your quality of life, affecting your ability to work, sleep, and enjoy daily activities. […] While common culprits like allergies and infections are well-known triggers, there are several unexpected causes that may be contributing to your discomfort. […] Problems with your teeth and jaws can surprisingly lead to chronic sinus pain. […] When you have an infection or inflammation in your teeth or gums, the roots of your upper teeth are close to the floor of your sinus cavity. […] This means that any issues in your mouth can potentially affect your sinuses. […] Conditions such as tooth abscesses, gum disease, or even dental procedures like root canals can cause referred pain to the sinuses, leading to persistent discomfort. […] Sometimes, the cause of chronic sinus pain lies within the structure of your nasal passages.

• #117 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Patients with this form of CRS are more prone to the formation of nasal polyps. […] This form of sinusitis can account for 5-10% of all cases of chronic sinusitis that require surgery to repair. […] AERD, also known as Sampters Triad is a very severe form of chronic sinusitis where patients suffer from poorly controlled Asthma and severe sinusitis that is made worse by taking aspirin or other NSAID medications such as ibuprofen. […] This surprisingly common form of chronic sinusitis is due to a tooth infection (typically one of the upper molars) that has spread through the tooth root into the sinuses. […] Children and adults with cystic fibrosis are prone to a very severe form of chronic sinusitis that can develop at a very young age. […] This subtype of chronic sinusitis is increasing in prevalence due to the increasing number of patients treated with medications that decrease immune function (eg. Humira for arthritis).

• #118 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #119 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #120 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  What Are the Causes of Sinusitis? […] For many, the inflammation starts when viruses or bacteria infect your sinuses (often during a cold), and begin to multiply. […] Viruses or bacteria usually cause acute sinusitis. Acute viral sinusitis is likely if you have been sick for less than 10 days and are not getting worse. Acute bacterial sinusitis is when you do not improve at all within 10 days of getting sick, or when you get worse within 10 days after beginning to get better. […] Chronic sinusitis, however, is usually caused by prolonged inflammation, instead of a long infection. Infection can be a part of chronic sinusitis, especially when it worsens from time to time, but is not usually the main cause. The exact cause cannot always be determined; for some reason the nose and sinuses are overreacting to what they think is an infection.

• #121 Sinusitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis

  By definition, chronic sinusitis lasts longer than 12 weeks and can be caused by many different diseases that share chronic inflammation of the sinuses as a common symptom. […] Chronic rhinosinusitis represents a multifactorial inflammatory disorder, rather than simply a persistent bacterial infection. […] Attempts have been made to provide a more consistent nomenclature for subtypes of chronic sinusitis. […] A more recent, and still debated, development in chronic sinusitis is the role that fungi play in this disease. […] Both smoking and secondhand smoke are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. […] Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which consists of particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter, has been associated with an increased risk of developing rhinosinusitis. […] Other diseases such as cystic fibrosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis can also cause chronic sinusitis. […] Maxillary sinusitis may also develop from problems with the teeth, and these cases were calculated to be about 40% in one study and 50% in another.

• #122 Chronic Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441934/

  Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages occurring for more than 12 weeks at a time. […] As stated in the acute sinusitis chapter, viruses and bacteria are the most common etiologies for sinusitis. Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella are the most common bacterial causes. Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial in nature and can include infectious, inflammatory, or structural factors. Thus, other etiologies such as allergic rhinitis (dust mites, molds), exposures (airborne irritants, cigarette smoke or other toxins), structural causes (nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum), ciliary dysfunction, immunodeficiencies, and fungal infections should be considered. […] Chronic sinusitis may present as (1) chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, (2) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and (3) allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

• #123 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Medical experts have identified three general categories of chronic sinusitis, each with different causes: Chronic sinusitis without nasal polyposis: The most common form; typically caused by allergic reactions to airborne substances, irritation from airborne substances and infections. […] Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis: Nasal polyps are abnormal growths within the nose. When polyps become large or numerous, they can block the airways and cause sinusitis. The reasons why some people develop nasal polyps are largely unknown. […] Chronic sinusitis with fungal allergy: Air routinely contains small amounts of fungus, which most people can inhale without issue. Others, however, can experience an allergic reaction to this fungus, which causes a thick mucus to form in the sinuses. This can then lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #124 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex group of conditions that cause persistent inflammation of the nasal sinuses. […] It is important to remember that CRS does not have a single cause, but multiple causes. Each patients case is unique. […] In studies of US patients with chronic sinusitis, non eosinophilic sinusitis is the most common subtype. This form of sinusitis most likely arises from an underlying anatomic obstruction of the nasal sinuses, which prevents proper mucous drainage and airflow. This leads to chronic inflammation and makes patients prone to recurrent infections. […] An alternative cause may be from the formation of bacterial biofilms which can cause bacterial sinus infections that do not clear with oral antibiotics. […] This more severe form of sinusitis is typically found in patients with Asthma or other chronic inflammatory conditions that cause an increased number of eosinophils (a type of inflammatory white blood cell) to be present in sinus tissues.

• #125 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Medical experts have identified three general categories of chronic sinusitis, each with different causes: Chronic sinusitis without nasal polyposis: The most common form; typically caused by allergic reactions to airborne substances, irritation from airborne substances and infections. […] Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis: Nasal polyps are abnormal growths within the nose. When polyps become large or numerous, they can block the airways and cause sinusitis. The reasons why some people develop nasal polyps are largely unknown. […] Chronic sinusitis with fungal allergy: Air routinely contains small amounts of fungus, which most people can inhale without issue. Others, however, can experience an allergic reaction to this fungus, which causes a thick mucus to form in the sinuses. This can then lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #126 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex group of conditions that cause persistent inflammation of the nasal sinuses. […] It is important to remember that CRS does not have a single cause, but multiple causes. Each patients case is unique. […] In studies of US patients with chronic sinusitis, non eosinophilic sinusitis is the most common subtype. This form of sinusitis most likely arises from an underlying anatomic obstruction of the nasal sinuses, which prevents proper mucous drainage and airflow. This leads to chronic inflammation and makes patients prone to recurrent infections. […] An alternative cause may be from the formation of bacterial biofilms which can cause bacterial sinus infections that do not clear with oral antibiotics. […] This more severe form of sinusitis is typically found in patients with Asthma or other chronic inflammatory conditions that cause an increased number of eosinophils (a type of inflammatory white blood cell) to be present in sinus tissues.

• #127 Chronic Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441934/

  Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages occurring for more than 12 weeks at a time. […] As stated in the acute sinusitis chapter, viruses and bacteria are the most common etiologies for sinusitis. Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella are the most common bacterial causes. Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial in nature and can include infectious, inflammatory, or structural factors. Thus, other etiologies such as allergic rhinitis (dust mites, molds), exposures (airborne irritants, cigarette smoke or other toxins), structural causes (nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum), ciliary dysfunction, immunodeficiencies, and fungal infections should be considered. […] Chronic sinusitis may present as (1) chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, (2) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and (3) allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

• #128 Chronic Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441934/

  Chronic sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus or nasal passages occurring for more than 12 weeks at a time. […] As stated in the acute sinusitis chapter, viruses and bacteria are the most common etiologies for sinusitis. Streptococcus, pneumococcus, Hemophilus, and Moraxella are the most common bacterial causes. Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial in nature and can include infectious, inflammatory, or structural factors. Thus, other etiologies such as allergic rhinitis (dust mites, molds), exposures (airborne irritants, cigarette smoke or other toxins), structural causes (nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum), ciliary dysfunction, immunodeficiencies, and fungal infections should be considered. […] Chronic sinusitis may present as (1) chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps, (2) chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and (3) allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.

• #129 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Medical experts have identified three general categories of chronic sinusitis, each with different causes: Chronic sinusitis without nasal polyposis: The most common form; typically caused by allergic reactions to airborne substances, irritation from airborne substances and infections. […] Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis: Nasal polyps are abnormal growths within the nose. When polyps become large or numerous, they can block the airways and cause sinusitis. The reasons why some people develop nasal polyps are largely unknown. […] Chronic sinusitis with fungal allergy: Air routinely contains small amounts of fungus, which most people can inhale without issue. Others, however, can experience an allergic reaction to this fungus, which causes a thick mucus to form in the sinuses. This can then lead to chronic sinusitis.

• #130 Chronic sinusitis: Causes, symptoms and how to treat it | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/chronic-sinusitis-symptoms/

  Chronic sinus infections are one of the most common causes of chronic sinusitis and can be caused by an untreated bacterial or fungal infection in the nasal passages. […] There are many specific causes of chronic sinusitis, but they can be grouped into three main categories: infection, inflammation and the shape of the passages inside your nose. […] If you have ongoing inflammation in your sinuses, it can make it hard for your nasal passages to drain, leading to a buildup of mucus in your sinuses. […] Its also possible that you have one or more nasal features that change the shape of your nasal passages, making it more difficult for your sinuses to drain. […] Chronic medical conditions can cause low levels of inflammation, even when other symptoms are under control.

• #131 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Chronic sinusitis has a complicated set of causes. The main problem in chronic sinusitis is inflammation in the sinuses, and this can be caused by lots of things. The cause of chronic sinusitis differs from person to person, and there may be more than one cause present. […] It’s thought that certain viral infections could be the initial trigger for chronic sinusitis, perhaps by starting a process of inflammation that never fully resolves even after the virus has gone. […] There might also be a link with bacterial infections, although this is complex, controversial, and not fully understood. It’s possible that chronic (long-lasting) bacterial infection may cause some cases of chronic sinusitis. […] Smoking is a strong risk factor for chronic sinusitis. Cigarette smoke damages the lining of the nose and sinuses, causing inflammation.

• #132 Sinusitis – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/sinusitis/

  What Are the Causes of Sinusitis? […] For many, the inflammation starts when viruses or bacteria infect your sinuses (often during a cold), and begin to multiply. […] Viruses or bacteria usually cause acute sinusitis. Acute viral sinusitis is likely if you have been sick for less than 10 days and are not getting worse. Acute bacterial sinusitis is when you do not improve at all within 10 days of getting sick, or when you get worse within 10 days after beginning to get better. […] Chronic sinusitis, however, is usually caused by prolonged inflammation, instead of a long infection. Infection can be a part of chronic sinusitis, especially when it worsens from time to time, but is not usually the main cause. The exact cause cannot always be determined; for some reason the nose and sinuses are overreacting to what they think is an infection.

• #133 Sinusitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/report/sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an infection or inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled chambers in the skull that are located around the nose. […] Viruses are the most common cause of acute sinusitis, but bacteria are responsible for most of the serious and chronic cases. […] Acute sinusitis can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Allergens and environmental irritants are other possible causes. In most cases, acute sinusitis is caused by an upper respiratory tract viral infection, such as the common cold, and usually resolves on its own. […] Chronic sinusitis can result from recurring episodes of acute sinusitis, or it can be caused by other health conditions, like: Asthma and allergic rhinitis, Immune disorders, Structural abnormalities in the nose, like a deviated septum or nasal polyps.

• #134 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Symtoms & Treatments | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/viral-sinusitis/

  Several factors can make an individual more prone to chronic sinusitis or make the symptoms worse when the condition is being experienced. These include: Allergies, especially those that are experienced all year round, can both increase ones risk of chronic sinusitis and worsen its symptoms. […] Airborne irritants, including things like tobacco smoke and formaldehyde, can increase the risk of developing chronic sinusitis. […] People with an immune system disorder are at increased risk of developing chronic sinusitis.

• #135 „What Causes Chronic Sinusitis?”Visit Sinus Service – Southwest Ohio ENT Specialists

  https://soents.com/what-causes-chronic-sinusitis/

  Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex group of conditions that cause persistent inflammation of the nasal sinuses. […] It is important to remember that CRS does not have a single cause, but multiple causes. Each patients case is unique. […] In studies of US patients with chronic sinusitis, non eosinophilic sinusitis is the most common subtype. This form of sinusitis most likely arises from an underlying anatomic obstruction of the nasal sinuses, which prevents proper mucous drainage and airflow. This leads to chronic inflammation and makes patients prone to recurrent infections. […] An alternative cause may be from the formation of bacterial biofilms which can cause bacterial sinus infections that do not clear with oral antibiotics. […] This more severe form of sinusitis is typically found in patients with Asthma or other chronic inflammatory conditions that cause an increased number of eosinophils (a type of inflammatory white blood cell) to be present in sinus tissues.

• #136 Most Common Causes Of Chronic Sinusitis And Its Treatment Options

  https://www.socalsinus.com/causes-of-chronic-sinusitis/

  Chronic sinusitis develops when the passages and sinus cavities are unable to drain mucus efficiently due to blockage, inflammation, or a buildup of mucus, germs, and bacteria. […] Nasal polyps, septum deviations, hypertrophic turbinates, and other tissue abnormalities that alter and block the sinuses and nasal airways are generally the most common reason some people develop chronic sinusitis. […] Chronic sinusitis is highly prevalent in individuals with a history of facial trauma, weak immunity, septum deviations, allergies, nasal polyps, and other health concerns.

• #137 What is Chronic Sinusitis? Symptoms and Causes | UC Health

  https://www.uchealth.com/en/conditions/chronic-sinusitis

  Chronic sinusitis (also referred to as chronic rhinosinusitis) is an inflammatory condition of the sinuses. Sometimes chronic sinusitis may be due to chronic bacterial infections. […] For most patients, it is not known what causes chronic sinusitis and much of the research in this field is directed at understanding this process. Research being performed by our physicians is in the process identifying the inflammatory mechanisms of chronic sinusitis. While the causes of chronic sinusitis are currently unknown, there are factors that are known to be associated with chronic sinusitis. […] Sinus infections. […] Chronic allergies and allergic rhinitis. […] Anatomic blockages of the sinuses such as deviated septum. […] Constant exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or fumes. […] Asthma. […] Deficiency or weakness of the immune system. […] Cystic fibrosis.

• #138 Chronic Sinusitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/acute-sinusitis/chronic-sinusitis

  Breathing in pollutants and other irritants, such as pesticides, dust, cleaning agents, and toxic gases can also cause inflammation in the nose and sinuses, leading to chronic sinusitis. […] Allergies are more common in people with chronic sinusitis. Allergies, such as to dust mites, animal fur, and mould, can cause chronic rhinitis, and may make chronic sinusitis symptoms worse. […] It’s possible that overgrowth or imbalance in fungi growth might contribute to chronic sinusitis, although this is probably only a factor in a small number of cases. […] Sometimes, changes in the shape of the nasal passages and the sinuses can cause narrowings, and prevent nasal mucus from draining properly. This can contribute to chronic sinusitis. […] Dental problems can cause maxillary sinusitis, such as gum disease, dental infections, including deep infections or abscesses, and complications from dental procedures.

• #139

  https://www.mountelizabeth.com.sg/conditions-diseases/sinusitis/symptoms-causes

  Sinusitis is usually due to a combination of factors acting at the same time, often triggered by a viral upper respiratory tract infection that predisposes you to secondary bacterial infection and impaired clearance of inflammatory mucus. […] These factors include: […] Untreated allergic rhinitis (allergic inflammation of airways in the nose) is one of the factors that can lead to sinusitis. […] Dental infections such as tooth infections usually cause isolated maxillary sinusitis. […] If you have a weakened immune function, fungal sinusitis, viral infections and bacterial infections may lead to sinusitis.

• #140

  https://www.parkwayeast.com.sg/conditions-diseases/sinusitis/symptoms-causes

  Sinusitis is usually due to a combination of factors acting at the same time, often triggered by a viral upper respiratory tract infection that predisposes you to secondary bacterial infection and impaired clearance of inflammatory mucus. […] These factors include: Anatomical abnormalities of the nose. Examples of structural abnormalities include a deviated nasal septum that may narrow the outflow tract of the sinuses. […] Uncontrolled allergic rhinitis. Untreated allergic rhinitis (allergic inflammation of airways in the nose) is one of the factors that can lead to sinusitis. […] Dental infections. Dental infections such as tooth infections usually cause isolated maxillary sinusitis. […] Deficiences in immune function. If you have a weakened immune function, fungal sinusitis, viral infections and bacterial infections may lead to sinusitis.

• #141

  https://www.nuh.com.sg/health-resources/diseases-and-conditions/sinusitis

  Sinusitis can occur due to changes in temperature or air pressure, or anything causing sinus or hindering mucus clearance. Contributing factors can include: […] When triggered by bacterial or viral infections, sinusitis turns into a sinus infection. Such infections may develop following a cold, where the virus attacks the sinus lining, causing swelling and narrowing. The body’s response to produce more mucus, combined with the restricted drainage, creates an environment conducive to bacteria growth, potentially resulting in a sinus infection.

• #142 Acute Sinusitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/

  Viruses are the most common cause of acute rhinosinusitis. The viral rhinosinusitis (VRS) pathogens include rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus. The most common causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) are Streptococcus pneumoniae (38%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (16%). […] Although rare, fungal infections can also cause acute rhinosinusitis, though this is almost exclusively seen in the immunosuppressed (uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, HIV positive, oncology patients undergoing active treatment, and patients on immunosuppressants for an organ transplant or rheumatologic conditions). […] Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is most commonly viral. The large majority of cases will either resolve spontaneously or can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare, serious form of the infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. […] Most causes of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are viral. Most cases will resolve spontaneously. There is evidence that acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) can also resolve spontaneously. The diagnosis of ABRS is clinical.

• #143 Why Sinusitis Keeps Coming Back | Jerome Hester, MD

  https://www.drhesterent.com/why-sinusitis-keeps-coming-back/

  If Dr. Hester notices that scar tissue is impacting sinus function, he may recommend endoscopic sinus surgery to clear the tissue away. […] If your nasal passages or sinus cavities experience abnormal growths of any kind, they can usually be removed through surgery. […] Most anatomical abnormalities affecting the bony or soft tissues comprising the sinus cavities can be repaired via surgery, greatly eliminating the experience of recurrent sinus issues. […] The only way to stop recurring sinus infections once and for all is to have an evaluation by a specialist who has the specialized training and experience to accurately diagnose their cause.

• #144 Sinus Infection (Sinusitis): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17701-sinusitis

  Sinusitis is an inflammation of the tissues in your sinuses (spaces in your forehead, cheeks and nose usually filled with air). […] Its usually caused by the common cold, but other viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergies can also cause sinusitis. […] Sinusitis is an inflammation, or swelling, of the tissue lining your sinuses. […] Bacterial infections, viral infections and allergies can irritate them, causing them to get blocked and filled with fluid. […] Viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens can cause sinusitis. Specific triggers for sinusitis include: […] The common cold. […] The flu (influenza). […] Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. […] Haemophilus influenza bacteria. […] Moraxella catarrhalis bacteria. […] Nasal and seasonal allergies. […] Sinusitis itself isnt contagious. But the viruses and bacteria that can cause it are. […] Very rarely, untreated sinus infections can lead to life-threatening infections. […] Many sinus infections are caused by viruses.

• #145 Sinus Infection | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI Public Website

  https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/sinus-infection/

  Sinus infection (known as sinusitis) is a major health problem. It afflicts 31 million people in the United States. […] Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses. It is often caused by bacterial (germ) infection. Sometimes, viruses and fungi (molds) cause it. People with weak immune systems are more likely to develop bacterial or fungal sinus infection. […] Sinus infections happen when you “catch a bug” and a virus, bacteria or mold settles in the sinuses and causes inflammation of the area lining your sinuses. The sinus cavity, which is like a dark cave, fills up with fluid and becomes blocked. This is the perfect place for germs to grow. People who have nasal allergies already have this sinus irritation. If you have a weak immune system, you are more likely to develop sinus infection from bacteria or mold. Other things that can cause sinus infections are colds, seasonal allergies, nasal polyps or a deviated septum. With a deviated septum one side of the nose is shifted over, and it makes it hard to drain mucous, so the sinuses get backed up.

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