Rak skóry nieczerniakowy

Rak skóry nieczerniakowy
Leczenie

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry, obejmujący głównie raka podstawnokomórkowego (BCC) i kolczystokomórkowego (SCC), charakteryzuje się wysoką skutecznością leczenia, z pięcioletnimi wskaźnikami wyleczenia przekraczającymi 90%. Podstawową metodą terapii jest chirurgia, w tym ekscyzja z marginesem zdrowej tkanki oraz chirurgia mikrograficzna Mohsa, szczególnie zalecana w lokalizacjach o wysokim ryzyku i wrażliwych kosmetycznie. Alternatywne metody miejscowe, takie jak krioterapia, łyżeczkowanie z elektrodesykacją, chemioterapia miejscowa (5-fluorouracyl) oraz immunoterapia miejscowa (imiquimod), są stosowane głównie w powierzchownych postaciach nowotworu. Radioterapia pełni rolę uzupełniającą lub alternatywną, zwłaszcza w przypadkach nieoperacyjnych, z uwzględnieniem potencjalnych działań niepożądanych, takich jak przewlekłe zapalenie skóry i ryzyko wtórnych nowotworów.

Leczenie nieczerniakowego raka skóry

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry to najczęstszy typ nowotworu skóry, obejmujący głównie raka podstawnokomórkowego (BCC) i kolczystokomórkowego (SCC). Leczenie tego typu nowotworów skóry może być bardzo skuteczne, szczególnie gdy zostanie wykryte i podjęte we wczesnym stadium. Pięcioletnie wskaźniki wyleczenia przekraczają 90% przypadków, a w większości sytuacji możliwe jest całkowite usunięcie nowotworu¹². Rodzaj zastosowanego leczenia zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od typu nowotworu, jego wielkości, lokalizacji, głębokości naciekania tkanek oraz ogólnego stanu zdrowia pacjenta³.

Leczenie chirurgiczne

Chirurgia jest podstawową metodą leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry⁴. W większości przypadków stanowi jedyną niezbędną formę terapii, szczególnie gdy nowotwór zostanie wykryty na wczesnym etapie⁵. Dostępnych jest kilka typów zabiegów chirurgicznych:

Chirurgiczne wycięcie (ekscyzja) – polega na usunięciu guza wraz z marginesem zdrowej tkanki wokół niego. Jest to powszechna metoda leczenia, stosowana w większości przypadków⁶⁷.
Chirurgia mikrograficzna Mohsa – specjalistyczna procedura, podczas której chirurg usuwa warstwami tkankę nowotworową i natychmiast bada ją pod mikroskopem. Proces ten jest powtarzany, aż całość nowotworu zostanie usunięta. Metoda ta pozwala na zachowanie jak największej ilości zdrowej tkanki, co jest szczególnie ważne w przypadku nowotworów zlokalizowanych na twarzy⁸⁹.
Łyżeczkowanie i elektrodesykacja – procedura polegająca na zeskrobaniu guza nowotworowego przy użyciu ostrego, łyżeczkowatego narzędzia (łyżeczki), a następnie przyżeganiu (wypalaniu) podstawy za pomocą igły elektrycznej¹⁰.
Krioterapia – metoda wykorzystująca bardzo niskie temperatury do zniszczenia komórek nowotworowych. Po zamrożeniu ciekłym azotem tworzy się strup, który odpada po kilku tygodniach¹¹¹².

Radioterapia

Radioterapia wykorzystuje wysokoenergetyczne promieniowanie do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych¹³. Jest to metoda zazwyczaj stosowana w następujących przypadkach:

Gdy operacja chirurgiczna nie jest możliwa ze względu na lokalizację guza (np. okolice oczu, nosa lub czoła)¹⁴.
Jako leczenie uzupełniające po operacji, aby zmniejszyć ryzyko nawrotu nowotworu¹⁵¹⁶.
U pacjentów starszych lub osłabionych, którzy nie mogą być poddani rozległej operacji¹⁷.
W przypadku guzów dużych lub trudnych do usunięcia chirurgicznie¹⁸.

Radioterapia jest zazwyczaj podawana codziennie przez kilka tygodni i może powodować skutki uboczne, takie jak podrażnienie skóry, obrzęk, a w dłuższej perspektywie przewlekłe zapalenie skóry i zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju nowych nowotworów skóry¹⁹.

Terapie miejscowe

Dla niektórych typów nieczerniakowego raka skóry, szczególnie powierzchownych form, dostępne są także niechirurgiczne metody leczenia miejscowego:

Chemioterapia miejscowa – najczęściej stosowana w postaci kremu zawierającego 5-fluorouracyl (5-FU), który niszczy komórki nowotworowe w warstwie powierzchownej skóry²⁰²¹.
Immunoterapia miejscowa – preparaty takie jak imikwimod w postaci kremu stymulują układ odpornościowy do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych. Jest to opcja leczenia dla powierzchownych BCC oraz SCC in situ (choroby Bowena)²²²³.
Terapia fotodynamiczna (PDT) – wykorzystuje kombinację środka fotouczulającego i specjalnego źródła światła do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych. Lek gromadzi się w komórkach nowotworowych i po aktywacji światłem powoduje ich śmierć²⁴²⁵.

Terapie systemowe dla zaawansowanych przypadków

W przypadku zaawansowanego lub przerzutowego nieczerniakowego raka skóry stosowane są terapie systemowe²⁶:

Terapia celowana – leki celowane działają poprzez blokowanie określonych szlaków molekularnych w komórkach nowotworowych. W przypadku zaawansowanego BCC stosuje się inhibitory szlaku Hedgehog, takie jak wismodegib (Erivedge) i sonidegib (Odomzo)²⁷²⁸. Dla SCC dostępne są inhibitory receptora naskórkowego czynnika wzrostu (EGFR), np. cetuksymab (Erbitux)²⁹.
Immunoterapia – wykorzystuje własny układ odpornościowy organizmu do walki z komórkami nowotworowymi. W ostatnich latach zatwierdzono inhibitory punktów kontrolnych immunologicznych (PD-1/PD-L1) do leczenia zaawansowanych form nieczerniakowego raka skóry. Cemiplimab (Libtayo) i pembrolizumab (Keytruda) są zatwierdzone do leczenia miejscowo zaawansowanego lub przerzutowego SCC, a cemiplimab również do leczenia zaawansowanego BCC³⁰³¹³².
Chemioterapia systemowa – stosowana jest rzadko, głównie w przypadkach przerzutowego SCC. Leki takie jak cisplatyna i 5-fluorouracyl mogą być podawane dożylnie³³.

Leczenie w zależności od typu nowotworu

Rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC)

BCC jest najczęstszym typem nieczerniakowego raka skóry i zwykle rośnie powoli, rzadko dając przerzuty³⁴. Opcje leczenia BCC obejmują:

Chirurgia – metoda pierwszego wyboru dla większości przypadków BCC³⁵.
Krioterapia – w przypadku małych, powierzchownych zmian³⁶.
Łyżeczkowanie i elektrodesykacja – często stosowane w leczeniu małych BCC³⁷.
Terapia fotodynamiczna – dla powierzchownych BCC³⁸.
Terapie miejscowe (imikwimod, 5-FU) – dla powierzchownych BCC³⁹.
Inhibitory szlaku Hedgehog (wismodegib, sonidegib) – dla zaawansowanych lub przerzutowych BCC⁴⁰.
Immunoterapia – cemiplimab jest stosowany jako terapia drugiego rzutu dla pacjentów, u których inhibitory szlaku Hedgehog okazały się nieskuteczne lub nie były tolerowane⁴¹.

Rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC)

SCC jest drugim najczęstszym typem nieczerniakowego raka skóry i ma nieznacznie wyższe ryzyko przerzutów niż BCC⁴². Opcje leczenia SCC obejmują:

Chirurgia – metoda pierwszego wyboru z ponad 95% skutecznością⁴³.
Chirurgia mikrograficzna Mohsa – preferowana dla SCC wysokiego ryzyka lub zlokalizowanych w obszarach wrażliwych kosmetycznie⁴⁴.
Radioterapia – jako alternatywa dla operacji lub leczenie uzupełniające⁴⁵.
Terapie miejscowe – dla przedinwazyjnego SCC (choroba Bowena)⁴⁶.
Immunoterapia – cemiplimab i pembrolizumab są zatwierdzone do leczenia miejscowo zaawansowanego lub przerzutowego SCC⁴⁷.
Chemioterapia – rozważana gdy SCC zaczął się rozprzestrzeniać⁴⁸.

Badania kliniczne i nowe metody leczenia

Trwają liczne badania kliniczne nad nowymi metodami leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry. Pacjenci mogą uzyskać dostęp do innowacyjnych terapii poprzez udział w tych badaniach⁴⁹⁵⁰. Badane są:

Nowe kombinacje immunoterapii⁵¹.
Kombinacje terapii celowanej z immunoterapią⁵².
Immunoterapia jako leczenie pierwszej linii w zaawansowanym BCC przed inhibitorami szlaku Hedgehog⁵³.
Nowe formulacje topiczne, takie jak połączenie 5-fluorouracylu i kalcypotrienu⁵⁴.
Promieniowanie powierzchniowe kierowane obrazem (IGSRT) – nieinwazyjna metoda leczenia wykorzystująca obrazowanie USG do kierowania niskimi dawkami promieniowania X, wykazująca skuteczność porównywalną z chirurgią Mohsa (99% wskaźnik wyleczenia) bez konieczności rekonstrukcji chirurgicznej⁵⁵.

Opieka pooperacyjna i obserwacja

Po zakończeniu leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry, istotna jest regularna kontrola⁵⁶. Pacjenci po leczeniu powinni:

Regularnie badać swoją skórę⁵⁷.
Uczestniczyć w zaplanowanych wizytach kontrolnych u lekarza⁵⁸.
Chronić skórę przed promieniowaniem słonecznym, gdyż wiele metod leczenia może zwiększyć wrażliwość skóry na słońce⁵⁹.
Być świadomym, że nieczerniakowe nowotwory skóry mogą nawracać lub tworzyć nowe guzy w ciągu pięciu lat od zakończenia leczenia⁶⁰.

Indywidualizacja leczenia

Wybór metody leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry powinien być zindywidualizowany i uwzględniać⁶¹:

Typ i stadium nowotworu.
Wielkość i lokalizację guza.
Ogólny stan zdrowia pacjenta.
Potencjalne skutki uboczne i ryzyka związane z leczeniem.
Preferencje pacjenta dotyczące kosmetycznych wyników leczenia.
Dostępność określonych metod leczenia.

Ważna jest szczegółowa rozmowa z zespołem medycznym o wszystkich dostępnych opcjach leczenia, ich celach i możliwych skutkach ubocznych, aby podjąć najlepszą decyzję odpowiadającą potrzebom pacjenta⁶².

Skuteczność i wybór metod leczenia

Leczenie nieczerniakowego raka skóry jest generalnie bardzo skuteczne, z wskaźnikami wyleczenia przekraczającymi 90%⁶³. Wczesne wykrycie i leczenie znacząco zwiększają szanse na całkowite wyleczenie. Wybór odpowiedniej metody leczenia zależy od wielu czynników, a współpraca multidyscyplinarnego zespołu specjalistów, w tym dermatologów, chirurgów, onkologów i radioterapeutów, jest kluczowa dla zapewnienia optymalnej opieki pacjentom z nieczerniakowym rakiem skóry⁶⁴.

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Materiały źródłowe

#1 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. This involves removing the cancerous tumour and some of the surrounding skin. […] Other treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer include cryotherapy, creams, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is generally successful as, unlike most other types of cancer, there is a considerably lower risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. […] It is estimated that basal cell carcinoma will spread to other parts of the body in less than 0.5% of cases. The risk is slightly higher in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, which spreads to other parts of the body in around 2 to 5% of cases. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is completely successful in approximately 90% of cases.
#2
https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Surgery (an operation) is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Your doctor will remove the cancer and some of the normal-looking skin around it. […] Other treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer include: freezing (cryotherapy), chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, light treatment called photodynamic therapy (PDT). […] Chemotherapy given into a vein (intravenous chemotherapy) is rarely used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is usually successful. […] Treatment cures at least 9 out of 10 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] In most cases, surgery is enough to cure non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Excision is surgery to remove the cancer. […] Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialised type of surgery.
#3 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
And its time to get it checked out. It could be non-melanoma skin cancer. If it turns out to be this highly treatable cancer, acting quickly can give you the best possible outcome. […] Every skin cancer diagnosis is different and requires a customized treatment plan. Our dermatologists (skin specialists) use the latest tests to confirm your diagnosis. Then we work together to create a treatment plan that works for you. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer depends on the location of the cancer cells and the cancers stage (how far it has spread). Your treatment plan may include: […] During Mohs (pronounced mows) surgery, our surgeons remove skin cancer cells in stages. After each stage, they look at the cells under a microscope while you wait. They continue to remove skin until they remove all the cancer cells. The goal of Mohs surgery is to remove all the cancer while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible.
#4 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiotherapy, targeted medicines, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy) and freezing the affected skin, which forms a scab that drops off a few weeks later (cryosurgery). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
#5 Treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment
Non-melanoma skin cancer is usually treated with surgery. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is sometimes treated with radiation therapy. […] Drug therapy is sometimes used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is sometimes used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Follow-up is an important part of care for non-melanoma skin cancer. It often involves regular tests and visits with the healthcare team.
#6 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiotherapy, targeted medicines, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy) and freezing the affected skin, which forms a scab that drops off a few weeks later (cryosurgery). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
#7 Non-melanoma skin cancer: Learn More â What are the treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321128/
If someone is diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer, the first treatment doctors usually suggest is surgery to try to remove it. Skin cancer can also be treated using medication or radiotherapy. The treatment options will depend on various factors such as the type of cancer, how big the tumor is, and how aggressive it is. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer can often be completely removed through surgery, so it is the treatment of first choice. The doctor not only removes the tumor itself, but also some of the tissue around it. This margin is removed to prevent any cancer cells from staying behind and spreading inside the body. Smaller wounds often heal without scarring, but bigger operations can leave visible scars. […] Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, aims to destroy cancerous tissue using high-energy radiation. In non-melanoma skin cancer, radiotherapy is usually only considered if surgery is no longer possible or if there is a high risk of the cancer returning.
#8 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Treatment Choices
https://encyclopedia.nm.org/Conditions/Heart/34,17589-1
There are various treatment choices for skin cancer. Which one may work best for you? It depends on a number of things. These include what type of skin cancer you have, how large the skin cancer is, if it has been treated before, where it is, what stage it is, and its risk of recurrence. Other things that affect your treatment choices include your age, health, your preferences, and what side effects you’ll find acceptable. The main goal of treatment is to remove the cancer completely while keeping function and appearance as much as possible. […] Surgery is a common treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer. It’s used in most cases when the cancer is still at an early stage. Many skin cancers can be removed easily and need only very minor surgery. Others may need a more extensive surgery. […] Chemotherapy is done with medicines. With nonmelanoma skin cancer, chemotherapy is most often done by applying a topical strong medicine to the skin to kill cancer cells.
#9 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
Non-melanoma skin cancer is a dangerous form of skin cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. There are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on the type of skin cancer, the treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. […] For each of the types of non-melanoma cancers, there are low-risk and high-risk occurrences. Specific treatments will be based on the level of risk for recurrence. […] Most BCCs are treated with one of the following localized procedures: Mohs surgery, Excisional surgery, Radiation therapy, Photodynamic therapy (light), Topical therapies, Cryosurgery (killing cancer cells by freezing them), Electrodesiccation (using electricity to scrape cancer cells away). […] On rare occasions, BCC might continue to grow despite surgery and radiation therapy. Even rarer, BCCs can metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. If this occurs, more advanced treatment is required such as medical treatment, vismodegib (Erivedge), which is approved by the FDA.
#10 Skin cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377608
Treatment for skin cancer can involve surgery to remove the cancer or treatments applied to the skin to kill the cancer cells. Sometimes stronger cancer treatments are needed for skin cancer. These might include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Skin cancer treatments can include: […] Skin creams. Some medicines for skin cancer come as skin creams that you apply to the area of cancer. […] Curettage and electrodessication. This treatment involves removing the top of the skin cancer with a scraping tool called a curet. Then an electric needle is used to sear the base of the cancer. […] Photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy is a two-stage treatment that combines light energy with a medicine called a photosensitizer. The photosensitizer kills the cancer cells when activated by light.
#11 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiotherapy, targeted medicines, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy) and freezing the affected skin, which forms a scab that drops off a few weeks later (cryosurgery). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
#12 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
Surgical excision is an operation to cut out the cancer along with surrounding healthy tissue to ensure the cancer is completely removed. […] Cryotherapy uses cold treatment to destroy the cancer. It is sometimes used for non-melanoma skin cancers in their early stages. […] Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is used to treat non-melanoma skin cancers when itâs felt there is a high risk of the cancer spreading or returning. […] Chemotherapy involves using medicines to kill cancerous cells. In the case of non-melanoma skin cancer, chemotherapy is only recommended when the tumour is contained within the top layer of the skin. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used to treat basal cell carcinoma, Bowenâs disease and actinic keratoses. […] Imiquimod cream is a treatment for basal cell carcinoma with a diameter of less than 2cm (0.8 inches). […] Radiotherapy involves using low doses of radiation to destroy the cancer. […] Electrochemotherapy is a possible treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer.
#13 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiotherapy, targeted medicines, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy) and freezing the affected skin, which forms a scab that drops off a few weeks later (cryosurgery). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
#14 Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Non-melanoma skin cancer | Cancer Council
https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/non-melanoma-skin-cancer
The type of treatment depends on the type and size of the cancer and where it is located. […] Surgery is the most common treatment. Non-melanoma skin cancers are almost always removed (usually under a local anaesthetic). In more advanced skin cancers, some of the surrounding tissue may also be removed to make sure that all of the cancerous cells have been taken. […] Most non-melanoma cancer can be treated with chemotherapy that is applied to the skin as an ointment or cream. This type of treatment is for skin cancers that affect the top layer of skin. […] Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) is generally used to treat skin cancers in areas near the eyes or on the nose or forehead, which are difficult to treat with surgery. This treatment uses x-rays to kill cancer cells. […] Non-melanoma cancer can also be removed by cryotherapy (using liquid nitrogen to rapidly freeze the cancer off), curettage (scraping) or cautery (burning).
#15 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiotherapy, targeted medicines, photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy) and freezing the affected skin, which forms a scab that drops off a few weeks later (cryosurgery). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
#16 Radiation therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment/radiation-therapy
Sometimes radiation therapy is used along with other treatments. It may be used after surgery when the cancer has grown into or around many nerves (called perineural invasion), or when the cancer was not completely removed by surgery (called incomplete excision) or has spread to nearby lymph nodes. […] Radiation therapy is usually given daily for several weeks. […] These are common side effects of radiation therapy for non-melanoma cancer: skin problems, such as red and irritated skin; swelling (edema); long-term redness, irritation, scarring and soreness (called chronic dermatitis) if a large area of skin is treated; new non-melanoma skin cancers.
#17 Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer
Mohs micrographic surgery: This procedure is complicated and requires expertise, but is often recommended for the treatment of high-risk basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. […] Surgical excision involves the use of a scalpel to remove the cancerous area and a small margin of surrounding normal tissue. […] Electrodesiccation and Curettage: This is a commonly used treatment for basal cell carcinoma. It may also be used for very small squamous cell carcinoma. […] Cryosurgery involves the destruction of abnormal tissue through freezing. It may be used for patients with small basal cell carcinoma or in situ (stage 0) squamous cell carcinoma, particularly for patients who are debilitated and cannot tolerate other procedures. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to damage or kill cancer cells by preventing them from growing and dividing. This treatment may be appropriate for older, debilitated patients who cannot tolerate extensive surgery or in cases where surgery may be very disfiguring.
#18 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Targeting Cancer AU & NZ
https://www.targetingcancer.com.au/treatment-by-cancer-type/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/
For small and low-risk skin cancers, radiation therapy can work as well as surgery. […] For larger or more advanced skin cancers, especially those near the lymph nodes, surgery is usually the first choice. […] Merkel cell carcinomas respond well to radiation therapy and can be cured without surgery. […] External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) is the most common type of radiation therapy used for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Superficial radiation therapy (SXRT) is another way to treat skin cancer. […] In Australia, a topical radiation therapy called Rhenium is also available for some small, thin skin cancers. […] Radiation therapy is more effective with fewer side effects than ever before. […] Side effects from radiation therapy vary between people, even for those having the same treatment.
#19 Radiation therapy for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment/radiation-therapy
Sometimes radiation therapy is used along with other treatments. It may be used after surgery when the cancer has grown into or around many nerves (called perineural invasion), or when the cancer was not completely removed by surgery (called incomplete excision) or has spread to nearby lymph nodes. […] Radiation therapy is usually given daily for several weeks. […] These are common side effects of radiation therapy for non-melanoma cancer: skin problems, such as red and irritated skin; swelling (edema); long-term redness, irritation, scarring and soreness (called chronic dermatitis) if a large area of skin is treated; new non-melanoma skin cancers.
#20 Skin Cancer Treatment – NCI
https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq
Different types of treatment are available for patients with basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and actinic keratosis. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. […] One or more of the following surgical procedures may be used to treat basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or actinic keratosis: Simple excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, Shave excision, Curettage and electrodesiccation, Cryosurgery, Laser surgery, Dermabrasion. […] Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. […] Chemotherapy for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and actinic keratosis is usually topical (applied to the skin in a cream or lotion).
#21 Skin cancer
https://www.cancervic.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/skin_cancers_non_melanoma/treatement_for_non-melanoma_skin_cancer.html
Some skin spots and superficial skin cancers can be treated with creams or gels that you apply to the skin. These are called topical treatments. […] A cream called imiquimod is a type of immunotherapy that causes the body’s immune system to destroy cancer cells. […] A cream called 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a type of chemotherapy drug. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a cream that kills cancer cells when a special light is applied. […] Radiation therapy uses a controlled dose of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells so they cannot grow, multiply or spread. […] Sometimes radiation therapy is also used after surgery to reduce the chance of the cancer coming back or spreading.
#22 Making decisions about your skin cancer treatment | Cancer Research UK
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions
You might have imiquimod cream as a treatment if you have BCC in the top layer of skin or actinic keratosis. […] Cemiplimab is a type of immunotherapy called a monoclonal antibody. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a drug to make your skin sensitive to light. […] Chemotherapy uses anti cancer (cytotoxic) drugs to destroy cancer cells. […] For skin cancer, you might have chemotherapy as: a cream (topical treatment) directly onto your skin cancer. […] Chemotherapy cream is a treatment for: actinic keratosis (solar keratosis), to prevent it turning into SCC, skin cancers that are only on the top layer of the skin, Bowen’s disease. […] Your doctor might ask if you’d like to take part in a clinical trial.
#23 Non-melanoma skin cancer: Learn More â What are the treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321128/
When considering the treatment options, many people place a lot of importance on avoiding scars as much as possible. Medication may then be an alternative to surgery for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer affecting only the top layer of skin. […] A new drug called vismodegib can be used in the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer. It aims to block signals that promote the growth of cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is considered if squamous cell carcinoma has started to spread. The medications cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil are commonly used for this purpose, in the form of an infusion (drip). Other medications are sometimes given, such as the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. The goal of the treatment is generally no longer to get rid of the cancer, but rather to slow its growth (palliative treatment).
#24 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
Immunotherapy medicines help your immune system find and kill cancer cells. […] Targeted medicines or immunotherapy may be used if: you have skin cancer in more than one place, the cancer has spread to deeper layers of skin or other parts of your body, or you’re unable to have other treatments, such as surgery or radiotherapy. […] Photodynamic therapy uses light-sensitive medicine and a light source to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A chemotherapy cream is sometimes used to treat skin cancers that only affect the top layer of skin.
#25 Skin Cancer Treatment Options | Compass Oncology in Portland-Vancouver
https://www.compassoncology.com/skin-cancer/skin-cancer-treatment-options
Sometimes all of nonmelanoma skin cancer is removed during the biopsy. In such cases, no further treatment is needed. If you do need more treatment, your doctor will describe your options. […] Four types of nonmelanoma skin cancer treatments are often used, alone or in combination. They are: Surgery, Topical Chemotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, Radiation Therapy. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancers are also often removed with surgery and may include other types of therapy depending on whether it was a basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer. […] When a drug is put directly on the skin, the treatment is topical chemotherapy. It is most often used when the skin cancer is too large for surgery. It is also used when the doctor keeps finding new cancers. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a chemical along with a special light source, such as a laser light, to kill cancer cells.
#26 Non-melanoma skin cancer: Learn More â What are the treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321128/
When considering the treatment options, many people place a lot of importance on avoiding scars as much as possible. Medication may then be an alternative to surgery for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer affecting only the top layer of skin. […] A new drug called vismodegib can be used in the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer. It aims to block signals that promote the growth of cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is considered if squamous cell carcinoma has started to spread. The medications cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil are commonly used for this purpose, in the form of an infusion (drip). Other medications are sometimes given, such as the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. The goal of the treatment is generally no longer to get rid of the cancer, but rather to slow its growth (palliative treatment).
#27 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
Non-melanoma skin cancer is a dangerous form of skin cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. There are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on the type of skin cancer, the treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. […] For each of the types of non-melanoma cancers, there are low-risk and high-risk occurrences. Specific treatments will be based on the level of risk for recurrence. […] Most BCCs are treated with one of the following localized procedures: Mohs surgery, Excisional surgery, Radiation therapy, Photodynamic therapy (light), Topical therapies, Cryosurgery (killing cancer cells by freezing them), Electrodesiccation (using electricity to scrape cancer cells away). […] On rare occasions, BCC might continue to grow despite surgery and radiation therapy. Even rarer, BCCs can metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. If this occurs, more advanced treatment is required such as medical treatment, vismodegib (Erivedge), which is approved by the FDA.
#28 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Staging and Treatment | OncoLink
https://www.oncolink.org/cancers/skin/non-melanoma-skin-cancers/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-staging-and-treatment
Targeted therapies are medications that target something specific to the cancer cells, stopping them from growing and dividing. Examples of targeted therapies for non-melanoma skin cancer are: Vismodegib (Erivedge), Sonidegib (Odomzo), Cetuximab (Erbitux). […] Immunotherapy is the use of medications that stimulate (rev up) the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells. Some immunotherapy medications used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer are: Cemiplimab (Libtayo) and Pembrolizumab (Keytruda). […] You may be offered a clinical trial as part of your treatment plan. To find out more about current clinical trials, visit the OncoLink Clinical Trials Matching Service.
#29 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
For patients who are not candidates for surgery, topical treatments such as imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) creams offer alternative approaches to manage precancerous lesions or localized cSCC. […] Recent advances in topical immune-modulating treatments include the utilization of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). […] Systemic immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers like cSCC, especially for patients who are unsuitable candidates for surgery or radiation therapy. […] Cemiplimab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against PD-1, has gained regulatory approval from both the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for managing advanced cSCC and locally advanced BCC. […] Pembrolizumab, a humanized PD-1 blocking antibody, has emerged as a significant therapeutic option in managing cSCC, particularly for cases resistant to conventional therapies.
#30 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, the most frequent of which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). […] Advanced NMSC may require systemic treatment if surgery and radiation are not feasible. Chemotherapy, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in CSCC, and hedgehog inhibitors in BCC have been used but are generally of limited benefit, with responses often short-lived and toxicity issues. […] Given the high mutational burden of NMSC, the use of immunotherapy has been investigated and two anti-PD-1 antibodies, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation. […] PD-1 blockade is also approved as second-line therapy in advanced BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy.
#31 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
Anti-PD-1 with either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is also the standard salvage approach in patients with BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] The efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-ligand (L)1 antibodies in melanoma and other solid tumors is well established. Two anti-PD-1 antibodies have also been approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab. […] Pembrolizumab was initially approved in the USA for recurrent or metastatic CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation, with this indication later expanded to include locally advanced CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 anti-PD-1 antibody that is approved for the treatment of metastatic CSCC or locally advanced CSCC not amenable to curative surgery or curative radiation in both Europe and the USA.
#32
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1
Preferred systemic regimens include cemiplimab, pembrolizumab, or a clinical trial. […] Prior to immunotherapy, both targeted therapy and chemotherapy were used for advanced CSCC with generally poor responses. […] Although immunotherapy has dramatically changed outcomes for patients, treatment in those with immunotherapy-refractory or ineligible disease still primarily relies upon chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy. […] Cemiplimab is a monoclonal antibody directed against programmed death 1 (PD-1). In September 2018, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved cemiplimab for treatment of mCSCC or laCSCC in patients who are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. […] Pembrolizumab is another monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1 that became the second immunotherapy agent approved for CSCC in June 2020 for patients with recurrent or mCSCC not curable by surgery or radiation.
#33 Non-melanoma skin cancer: Learn More â What are the treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321128/
When considering the treatment options, many people place a lot of importance on avoiding scars as much as possible. Medication may then be an alternative to surgery for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer affecting only the top layer of skin. […] A new drug called vismodegib can be used in the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer. It aims to block signals that promote the growth of cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is considered if squamous cell carcinoma has started to spread. The medications cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil are commonly used for this purpose, in the form of an infusion (drip). Other medications are sometimes given, such as the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. The goal of the treatment is generally no longer to get rid of the cancer, but rather to slow its growth (palliative treatment).
#34 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. This involves removing the cancerous tumour and some of the surrounding skin. […] Other treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer include cryotherapy, creams, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is generally successful as, unlike most other types of cancer, there is a considerably lower risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. […] It is estimated that basal cell carcinoma will spread to other parts of the body in less than 0.5% of cases. The risk is slightly higher in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, which spreads to other parts of the body in around 2 to 5% of cases. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is completely successful in approximately 90% of cases.
#35 Treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment
Your healthcare team will create a treatment plan just for you. The plan is based on your health and specific information about the cancer. What you want is also important when planning treatment. When deciding which treatments to offer for non-melanoma skin cancer, your healthcare team will consider: […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. Radiation therapy, drug therapy and photodynamic therapy are also used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is often treated with surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy. Photodynamic therapy may also be used. […] Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is often treated with surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy. Photodynamic therapy may also be used. […] Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare type of non-melanoma skin cancer. It can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy and drug therapy.
#36 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
Non-melanoma skin cancer is a dangerous form of skin cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. There are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on the type of skin cancer, the treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. […] For each of the types of non-melanoma cancers, there are low-risk and high-risk occurrences. Specific treatments will be based on the level of risk for recurrence. […] Most BCCs are treated with one of the following localized procedures: Mohs surgery, Excisional surgery, Radiation therapy, Photodynamic therapy (light), Topical therapies, Cryosurgery (killing cancer cells by freezing them), Electrodesiccation (using electricity to scrape cancer cells away). […] On rare occasions, BCC might continue to grow despite surgery and radiation therapy. Even rarer, BCCs can metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. If this occurs, more advanced treatment is required such as medical treatment, vismodegib (Erivedge), which is approved by the FDA.
#37 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
Non-melanoma skin cancer is a dangerous form of skin cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. There are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on the type of skin cancer, the treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. […] For each of the types of non-melanoma cancers, there are low-risk and high-risk occurrences. Specific treatments will be based on the level of risk for recurrence. […] Most BCCs are treated with one of the following localized procedures: Mohs surgery, Excisional surgery, Radiation therapy, Photodynamic therapy (light), Topical therapies, Cryosurgery (killing cancer cells by freezing them), Electrodesiccation (using electricity to scrape cancer cells away). […] On rare occasions, BCC might continue to grow despite surgery and radiation therapy. Even rarer, BCCs can metastasize to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. If this occurs, more advanced treatment is required such as medical treatment, vismodegib (Erivedge), which is approved by the FDA.
#38 Nonmelanoma skin cancer: What are the best treatments?
https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/nonmelanoma-treatments?page=2
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), also called phototherapy, might be an option if you have: Actinic keratosis, a type of precancer; Basal cell cancer near the surface of your skin; Bowen’s disease, also called squamous cell carcinoma in situ. […] Your doctor might suggest other treatments based on the type of skin cancer you have, whether it continues to happen, and your overall health. These could include less common treatments, non-FDA-approved procedures, or even clinical trials. […] Once your treatment is complete and the affected area is healed, you need to protect your skin. Many of these treatments can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
#39 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer – Skin of Color Society
https://skinofcolorsociety.org/discover-patients-public/patient-education/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer
Cryosurgery is another technique used in the treatment of select NMSC. This technique uses liquid nitrogen to freeze the tumor tissue. After freezing, the area typically blisters before healing in three to four weeks. […] Nonsurgical options Some early or low-risk skin cancers can be treated with prescription creams. Topical immunomodulators, such as imiquimod, have gained recent FDA approval for treatment of thin NMSC. These treat the skin cancer by boosting the local immune system to kill the tumor. A topical chemotherapy cream called 5-fluorouracil can also be used to treat select NMSCs. Another option is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a combination of a topical medication and a specialized light performed in a dermatology clinic. Topical options have the benefit of treating NMSC with less risk for scarring. However, these treatments cannot be used on large or deep tumors, and in general have a lower cure rate and higher chance of recurrence than Mohs surgery, excision or EDC. Lastly, radiation is used on large or high-risk tumors that cannot be completely treated with surgery.
#40 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
In addition to cetuximab and panitumumab, other EGFR inhibitors were explored in phase II studies. […] The involvement of the mTOR pathway in cSCC and other NMSCs has attracted significant interest as well. […] New clinical trials are underway for BCC, some of which have reported successful preliminary results. […] Surgery is the primary treatment modality for easy-to-treat BCCs, which also offers the opportunity to perform a deeper examination of the safety margins and histological characteristics of the tumor. […] When surgery and radiotherapy are unsuitable or contraindicated for the patient, second-line treatment options may include topical treatment, targeted Hh inhibitors, or PD-1 inhibitor immunotherapy. […] Merkel cell carcinoma expresses PD-L1, which, through the binding of the PD-1, can lead to the inhibition of T cell function. […] The advent of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic MCC, now recommended as the first-line therapy by global guidelines.
#41
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1
Neoadjuvant use of cemiplimab has been studied in a phase 2 trial with ORR of 68% in patients with stage II-IV (M0) CSSC and CR in 51%, demonstrating high therapeutic activity in patients with resectable disease. […] For laBCC not amenable to curative intent local intervention, the current standard of care is initial treatment with a hedgehog inhibitor (HHI) (either vismodegib or sonidegib). […] Cemiplimab was approved in February 2021 for treatment of laBCC in patients who already progressed through or were intolerant to HHIs. […] For mMCC, standard therapy includes anti PD-1 therapy (avelumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or retifanlimab).
#42 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. This involves removing the cancerous tumour and some of the surrounding skin. […] Other treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer include cryotherapy, creams, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is generally successful as, unlike most other types of cancer, there is a considerably lower risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. […] It is estimated that basal cell carcinoma will spread to other parts of the body in less than 0.5% of cases. The risk is slightly higher in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, which spreads to other parts of the body in around 2 to 5% of cases. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is completely successful in approximately 90% of cases.
#43 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
Over 95 percent of squamous cell carcinoma cases are effectively treated by your doctor by surgically removing the cancerous tissue. One such procedure is Mohs surgery. […] Chemotherapy is an option if your squamous cell carcinoma cannot be treated surgically. Advanced squamous cell carcinoma is rare and must be managed by your experienced medical team.
#44 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
Surgical excision is still the most prevalent therapeutic approach in individuals who present with NMSC. […] Recent studies aim to solve this problem by developing targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy. […] The hedgehog protein signaling pathway has been identified as a target for BCC, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a target for cSCC. […] Immunotherapy studies have progressed in treating systemic disease by applying immuno-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and CTLA-4. […] cSCC is predominantly managed through surgical excision and histopathologic scrutiny, achieving remarkable cure rates of up to 95%. […] High-risk cSCCs are best managed with micrographically controlled surgery (MCS), which minimizes the removal of uninvolved tissue and provides a thorough margin inspection. […] In scenarios where surgery is not indicated, radiation therapy emerges as a viable alternative. […] The management of cSCC includes various physical treatment options such as laser therapies, cryotherapy, curettage, and photodynamic therapy.
#45 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
Surgical excision is still the most prevalent therapeutic approach in individuals who present with NMSC. […] Recent studies aim to solve this problem by developing targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy. […] The hedgehog protein signaling pathway has been identified as a target for BCC, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has emerged as a target for cSCC. […] Immunotherapy studies have progressed in treating systemic disease by applying immuno-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and CTLA-4. […] cSCC is predominantly managed through surgical excision and histopathologic scrutiny, achieving remarkable cure rates of up to 95%. […] High-risk cSCCs are best managed with micrographically controlled surgery (MCS), which minimizes the removal of uninvolved tissue and provides a thorough margin inspection. […] In scenarios where surgery is not indicated, radiation therapy emerges as a viable alternative. […] The management of cSCC includes various physical treatment options such as laser therapies, cryotherapy, curettage, and photodynamic therapy.
#46 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
For patients who are not candidates for surgery, topical treatments such as imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) creams offer alternative approaches to manage precancerous lesions or localized cSCC. […] Recent advances in topical immune-modulating treatments include the utilization of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). […] Systemic immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers like cSCC, especially for patients who are unsuitable candidates for surgery or radiation therapy. […] Cemiplimab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against PD-1, has gained regulatory approval from both the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for managing advanced cSCC and locally advanced BCC. […] Pembrolizumab, a humanized PD-1 blocking antibody, has emerged as a significant therapeutic option in managing cSCC, particularly for cases resistant to conventional therapies.
#47 After Decades of Limited Treatment Options, New Treatments Are Showing Promise for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/after-decades-of-limited-treatment-options-new-treatments-are-showing-promise-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer
our preferred regimens there are ICIs, and it’s specifically cemiplimab and pembrolizumab. […] the 2 that have indications are cemiplimab and pembrolizumab. […] Data supporting their use comes from phase 2 trials where, really, we see high objective response rates and good durable responses. […] currently, there are not any approvals for a combination ICI regimens for our non-melanoma skin cancers, but there are studies undergoing looking at combination immunotherapy regimens. […] Pharmacists play a big role in the medication management. […] a number of trials [are] going on with ICIs.
#48 Non-melanoma skin cancer: Learn More â What are the treatment options for non-melanoma skin cancer? – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK321128/
When considering the treatment options, many people place a lot of importance on avoiding scars as much as possible. Medication may then be an alternative to surgery for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer affecting only the top layer of skin. […] A new drug called vismodegib can be used in the treatment of advanced basal cell cancer. It aims to block signals that promote the growth of cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is considered if squamous cell carcinoma has started to spread. The medications cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil are commonly used for this purpose, in the form of an infusion (drip). Other medications are sometimes given, such as the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab. The goal of the treatment is generally no longer to get rid of the cancer, but rather to slow its growth (palliative treatment).
#49 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
Some non-melanoma skin cancers that havent spread beyond your skin can be treated without surgery. These treatment options include: […] Radiation therapy uses a focused, concentrated beam of high-energy X-rays to target and destroy skin cancer cells. We may use radiation therapy on its own. Or we may recommend radiation therapy after surgery to make sure we got all the cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy uses your bodys immune system to find and destroy skin cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is a medication that destroys cancer cells or slows their growth. […] Cleveland Clinic has some of the worlds top researchers involved in clinical trials for non-melanoma skin cancers. These trials provide more options for you if you have basal cell cancer, squamous cell or Merkel cell cancers that dont respond to traditional treatments. Clinical trials can improve your quality of life and possibly give you more time to spend with loved ones. Sometimes, clinical trials can provide life-saving care when other treatments dont work.
#50 Treating Basal & Squamous Cell Skin Cancer | Squamous Cell Treatment | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/treating.html
Most basal and squamous cell cancers (as well as pre-cancers) are treated by dermatologists doctors who specialize in treating skin diseases. […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.
#51 After Decades of Limited Treatment Options, New Treatments Are Showing Promise for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/after-decades-of-limited-treatment-options-new-treatments-are-showing-promise-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer
our preferred regimens there are ICIs, and it’s specifically cemiplimab and pembrolizumab. […] the 2 that have indications are cemiplimab and pembrolizumab. […] Data supporting their use comes from phase 2 trials where, really, we see high objective response rates and good durable responses. […] currently, there are not any approvals for a combination ICI regimens for our non-melanoma skin cancers, but there are studies undergoing looking at combination immunotherapy regimens. […] Pharmacists play a big role in the medication management. […] a number of trials [are] going on with ICIs.
#52 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] Several case reports of patients with advanced BCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors have been reported, with patients achieving partial or complete responses. […] Future studies should evaluate anti-PD-1 as first-line therapy before hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Immune checkpoint inhibition is also being investigated in combination with other treatments. […] NMSC is the most frequent tumors in humans and is increasing in prevalence, due to the aging of populations and increased chronic UV exposure, as well as greater disease awareness with earlier diagnosis. […] However, some patients progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease, primarily because of immunosuppression, comorbidities, or neglect. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
#53 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] Several case reports of patients with advanced BCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors have been reported, with patients achieving partial or complete responses. […] Future studies should evaluate anti-PD-1 as first-line therapy before hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Immune checkpoint inhibition is also being investigated in combination with other treatments. […] NMSC is the most frequent tumors in humans and is increasing in prevalence, due to the aging of populations and increased chronic UV exposure, as well as greater disease awareness with earlier diagnosis. […] However, some patients progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease, primarily because of immunosuppression, comorbidities, or neglect. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
#54 Whatâs New in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Treatment?
https://practicaldermatology.com/topics/skin-cancer-photoprotection/whats-new-in-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-treatment/23895/
Among patients with SCC in situ, clearance rates ranged from 52% to 98% for PDT, from 67% to 92% for fluorouracil, and from 75% to 93% for imiquimod. […] Persistent barriers to successful topical treatment of NMSC include patient confusion over the range of available treatments, difficulty with application to certain areas, and the lack of availability of certain formulations from a regular pharmacy, Dr. Patel said. […] Looking ahead, There is a lot of excitement around topical fluorouracil and calcipotriene, said Dr. Patel. […] In addition to topical therapy, PDT continues to gain popularity as a nonsurgical treatment option for skin cancer. […] The drawbacks of PDT included variation in skin parts, types, and colors that may affect patient responses to aspects of PDT including absorption, or different parts of the same patient, which may challenge a dermatologists skills and expertise, they wrote.
#55 Nonsurgical Treatment for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Exhibits 99% Cure Rate
https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/nonsurgical-treatment-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-exhibits-99-cure-rate
A nonsurgical treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer is now available in Kentucky and Alaska, SkinCure Oncology recently announced. Image-Guided Superficial Radiation Therapy (IGSRT) is the only treatment for basal and squamous cell carcinoma that uses ultrasound imaging to direct low-level x-rays to specific areas, killing cancer cells without bleeding, pain, surgical scarring, or the need for reconstructive surgery. […] The GentleCure treatment has exhibited a 99.3% cure rate for early-stage nonmelanoma, making it just as effective as surgical treatment. […] IGSRT has a cure rate of 99% for appropriately selected skin cancers which is the same cure rate as Mohs surgery. This treatment allows patients to be treated without pain, avoids the need for reconstructive surgery and leaves the patient without a residual scar.
#56 Treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment
Non-melanoma skin cancer is usually treated with surgery. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is sometimes treated with radiation therapy. […] Drug therapy is sometimes used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is sometimes used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Follow-up is an important part of care for non-melanoma skin cancer. It often involves regular tests and visits with the healthcare team.
#57 Non-melanoma skin cancer
https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/cancer/non-melanoma-skin-cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancers can usually be treated successfully and cured. […] Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are usually treated by removing them surgically. Different types of surgery may be required depending on your cancer. […] Surgery often cures non-melanoma skin cancers. The chances of this are best while the cancers are small. […] For some, smaller skin cancers may be treated with cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen) or topical treatment (drug-containing creams). […] Other less commonly used options include photodynamic (light) therapy, radiotherapy (x-ray therapy), and cancer medicines. […] Treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer is very often a cure, but these cancers can return. It is important to keep checking your own skin and to attend follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider.
#58 Skin Cancer | In Treatment | Legacy Health
https://www.legacyhealth.org/Services-and-Resources/services/adult/cancer-institute/In-Treatment/Skin-cancer-treatment
Laser surgery is the use of powerful laser beams to destroy tumors. […] Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Topical chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream applied to the skin. […] Talk to your doctor about these and other options for treating nonmelanoma skin cancer. Researchers are discovering new therapies for treating cancer all the time, giving doctors new resources for your care. […] Nonmelanoma cancers are likely to come back or form other tumors within five years. Talk to your doctor about a recommended schedule for follow-up skin cancer screening.
#59 Nonmelanoma skin cancer: What are the best treatments?
https://www.webmd.com/melanoma-skin-cancer/nonmelanoma-treatments?page=2
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), also called phototherapy, might be an option if you have: Actinic keratosis, a type of precancer; Basal cell cancer near the surface of your skin; Bowen’s disease, also called squamous cell carcinoma in situ. […] Your doctor might suggest other treatments based on the type of skin cancer you have, whether it continues to happen, and your overall health. These could include less common treatments, non-FDA-approved procedures, or even clinical trials. […] Once your treatment is complete and the affected area is healed, you need to protect your skin. Many of these treatments can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
#60 Skin Cancer | In Treatment | Legacy Health
https://www.legacyhealth.org/Services-and-Resources/services/adult/cancer-institute/In-Treatment/Skin-cancer-treatment
Laser surgery is the use of powerful laser beams to destroy tumors. […] Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Topical chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream applied to the skin. […] Talk to your doctor about these and other options for treating nonmelanoma skin cancer. Researchers are discovering new therapies for treating cancer all the time, giving doctors new resources for your care. […] Nonmelanoma cancers are likely to come back or form other tumors within five years. Talk to your doctor about a recommended schedule for follow-up skin cancer screening.
#61 Treating Basal & Squamous Cell Skin Cancer | Squamous Cell Treatment | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/treating.html
Most basal and squamous cell cancers (as well as pre-cancers) are treated by dermatologists doctors who specialize in treating skin diseases. […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.
#62 Treating Basal & Squamous Cell Skin Cancer | Squamous Cell Treatment | American Cancer Society
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/treating.html
Most basal and squamous cell cancers (as well as pre-cancers) are treated by dermatologists doctors who specialize in treating skin diseases. […] Its important to discuss all of your treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Be sure to talk to your cancer care team about any method you are thinking about using. They can help you learn what is known (or not known) about the method, which can help you make an informed decision.
#63 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. This involves removing the cancerous tumour and some of the surrounding skin. […] Other treatments for non-melanoma skin cancer include cryotherapy, creams, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a treatment known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is generally successful as, unlike most other types of cancer, there is a considerably lower risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. […] It is estimated that basal cell carcinoma will spread to other parts of the body in less than 0.5% of cases. The risk is slightly higher in cases of squamous cell carcinoma, which spreads to other parts of the body in around 2 to 5% of cases. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is completely successful in approximately 90% of cases.
#64 Nonmelanoma skin cancer – Care at Mayo Clinic – Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/care-at-mayo-clinic/mac-20355400
Mayo Clinic doctors are respected for their experience in diagnosing and treating nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Mayo Clinic doctors offer expert care for all types of nonmelanoma skin cancer, including: […] At Mayo Clinic, dermatologists, surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, plastic surgeons, radiation oncologists and radiologists form a multidisciplinary team to care for people with nonmelanoma skin cancer. […] People with nonmelanoma skin cancers who seek care at Mayo Clinic have access to the latest treatments. […] Mayo Clinic doctors will work with you to review all of your treatment options and choose the treatment that best suits your needs and goals. The range of treatments offered to people with nonmelanoma skin cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy.