Rak skóry nieczerniakowy
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry (NMSC), obejmujący głównie raka podstawnokomórkowego (BCC) i kolczystokomórkowego (SCC), charakteryzuje się bardzo dobrym rokowaniem przy wczesnym wykryciu i leczeniu. 5-letnia względna przeżywalność wynosi 100% dla BCC oraz 95% dla SCC. Jednakże, w przypadku zaawansowanych postaci, zwłaszcza przerzutowego BCC, mediana przeżycia wynosi od 8 do 14 miesięcy do 3,6 lat, a 5-letnie przeżycie spada do 10%. Czynniki prognostyczne wpływające na rokowanie obejmują typ histologiczny, stopień zróżnicowania, obecność inwazji okołonerwowej, stan układu odpornościowego, głębokość nacieku, obecność przerzutów odległych, wiek pacjenta (powyżej 66 lat), płeć męską, stan cywilny oraz stadium zaawansowania (III). Leczenie chirurgiczne znacząco poprawia rokowanie, zmniejszając ryzyko śmiertelności (współczynnik ryzyka 0,318; P≤0,05).

Prognozy i przeżywalność w nieczerniakowym raku skóry

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry (NMSC) jest najczęstszym nowotworem złośliwym skóry, obejmującym przede wszystkim raka podstawnokomórkowego (BCC) i raka kolczystokomórkowego (SCC). Rokowanie w przypadku tych nowotworów jest zwykle bardzo dobre, jednak zależy od wielu czynników prognostycznych, które mogą znacząco wpływać na przebieg choroby i jej wynik leczenia.12

Statystyki przeżywalności dla NMSC są imponujące. 5-letnia względna przeżywalność dla raka podstawnokomórkowego wynosi 100%, co oznacza, że osoby z rozpoznanym BCC mają takie same szanse na przeżycie co najmniej 5 lat od diagnozy jak osoby w populacji ogólnej. W przypadku raka kolczystokomórkowego (SCC) 5-letnie względne przeżycie jest nieznacznie niższe i wynosi 95%.3 Tak dobre wyniki są przede wszystkim związane z wczesnym wykrywaniem i skutecznym leczeniem tych nowotworów.

Mimo że nieczerniakowy rak skóry ma bardzo niskie wskaźniki śmiertelności, to jego wysoka częstość występowania sprawia, że potencjalny związek z późniejszą śmiertelnością z innych przyczyn staje się istotny z perspektywy zdrowia publicznego.4 Według danych, ogólny współczynnik przeżycia 3-letniego wynosi 51,4%, a 5-letniego 33,8%, przy czym 30,4% pacjentów umiera w okresie obserwacji.5

Różnice między BCC i SCC w rokowaniu

Istnieją wyraźne różnice w rokowaniu między rakiem podstawnokomórkowym a kolczystokomórkowym. Badania systematyczne wykazały, że historia SCC wiąże się ze znacznie zwiększonym ryzykiem śmiertelności z wszystkich przyczyn (współczynniki śmiertelności 1,25 i 1,30), podczas gdy nie zaobserwowano zwiększonego ryzyka u pacjentów z historią BCC (współczynniki 0,96 i 0,97).6

W przypadku śmiertelności związanej z nowotworem, związek był silniejszy dla SCC (współczynnik śmiertelności 2,17) niż dla BCC (współczynnik śmiertelności 1,15). Aktualne dowody sugerujące, że SCC może być związany ze zwiększonymi wskaźnikami śmiertelności, są intrygujące, a znaczenie tych związków dla zdrowia publicznego podkreśla wysoka częstość występowania SCC.7

Rokowanie w zaawansowanym NMSC

Chociaż NMSC jest zwykle wyleczalny poprzez wycięcie chirurgiczne, w rzadkich przypadkach może rozwinąć się do postaci miejscowo zaawansowanej i przerzutowej.8 W takich sytuacjach rokowanie jest znacznie gorsze.

Zaawansowany BCC występuje rzadko (mniej niż 1% przypadków), ale jest bardzo trudny w leczeniu. Rokowanie w przypadku przerzutowego BCC jest bardzo złe, z medianą przeżycia wynoszącą od 8-14 miesięcy do 3,6 lat i wskaźnikiem 5-letniego przeżycia wynoszącym zaledwie 10%.910

W przypadku SCC, chociaż większość pacjentów z pierwotnym nowotworem skóry ma bardzo dobre rokowanie, pacjenci z bardziej zaawansowaną chorobą mogą mieć gorsze wyniki. Według szacunków, w 2012 roku z powodu skórnego SCC zmarło od 3932 do 8791 Amerykanów. Kilka dużych europejskich badań populacyjnych wskazuje na względne 5-letnie przeżycie wynoszące 93,6% w Niemczech i od 75% do 98% w Norwegii, przy czym 5-letnie przeżycie w zaawansowanym SCC może wynosić zaledwie 51%.11

Czynniki prognostyczne w NMSC

Na rokowanie w przypadku nieczerniakowego raka skóry wpływa wiele czynników. Poniżej przedstawiono najważniejsze z nich:

Wznowa choroby

NMSC, który nawraca po leczeniu, ma mniej korzystne rokowanie niż NMSC wykryty po raz pierwszy.12 Wskaźniki 5-letniej wznowy po leczeniu pierwotnego BCC wynoszą 1% dla chirurgii mikrograficznej Mohsa (MMS), 7,5% dla krioterapii, 7,7% dla elektrodestrukcji i łyżeczkowania (EDC), 8,7% dla radioterapii i 10,1% dla wycięcia chirurgicznego.13

Stopień zróżnicowania nowotworu

Nieczerniakowe raki skóry o niskim stopniu złośliwości (dobrze zróżnicowane) mają lepsze rokowanie niż raki o wysokim stopniu złośliwości (słabo zróżnicowane).14

Naciekanie nerwów

NMSC, który wrósł w nerwy lub wokół nich (inwazja okołonerwowa), ma mniej korzystne rokowanie.15

Stan układu odpornościowego

Osoby z NMSC i osłabionym układem odpornościowym mają gorsze rokowanie niż osoby bez osłabionego układu odpornościowego.16

Głębokość nacieku i rozprzestrzenienie się nowotworu

NMSC, który wrósł głębiej w skórę lub rozprzestrzenił się na pobliskie tkanki i struktury, ma mniej korzystne rokowanie.17 Rak, który rozprzestrzenił się do dalszych części ciała (przerzuty odległe), ma bardzo złe rokowanie.18

Czynniki demograficzne i indywidualne

Badania wykazały, że wiek, pochodzenie etniczne, stan cywilny i historia chirurgiczna były związane z przeżyciem chorych na złośliwy raka skóry.19 Czynnikami ryzyka krótkiego całkowitego przeżycia są: biała rasa, wiek powyżej 66 lat, stan wolny, region Równin Północnych, płeć męska, stadium III, inne nowotwory niepochodzące z nabłonka skóry i brak leczenia chirurgicznego (P≤0,05).20

Współczynnik ryzyka dla osób, które przeszły zabieg chirurgiczny, był 0,318 razy niższy niż u tych, którzy nie mieli zabiegu, co wskazuje, że operacja jest czynnikiem ochronnym.21

Nowoczesne podejście do leczenia zaawansowanego NMSC i jego wpływ na rokowanie

Zaawansowany NMSC może wymagać leczenia systemowego, jeśli operacja i radioterapia nie są możliwe.22 Ze względu na wysokie obciążenie mutacjami NMSC, zbadano zastosowanie immunoterapii, a dwa przeciwciała anty-PD-1, cemiplimab i pembrolizumab, zostały zatwierdzone do leczenia zaawansowanego CSCC, którego nie można wyleczyć za pomocą operacji lub radioterapii.23

Oba wykazały trwałe odpowiedzi z dobrą tolerancją u pacjentów w badaniach II fazy, a terapia anty-PD-1 jest obecnie standardem opieki w miejscowo zaawansowanym i przerzutowym CSCC.2425

Blokada PD-1 jest również zatwierdzona jako terapia drugiej linii w zaawansowanym BCC, z częstymi i trwałymi odpowiedziami po niepowodzeniu terapii inhibitorami szlaku hedgehog.26 Cemiplimab jest również standardowym podejściem ratunkowym u pacjentów z BCC, z częstymi i trwałymi odpowiedziami po niepowodzeniu terapii inhibitorami szlaku hedgehog.27

Przewidywanie rokowania i przeżywalności

Rokowanie jest najlepszym szacunkiem lekarza, w jaki sposób nowotwór wpłynie na pacjenta i jak zareaguje na leczenie. Przewidywanie rokowania może być trudne i powinno być dokonywane przez lekarza, który najlepiej zna stan zdrowia pacjenta.28

Ważne jest, aby pamiętać, że rokowanie określa, co jest prawdopodobne lub możliwe. Nie jest to przewidywanie tego, co na pewno się wydarzy. Żaden lekarz nie może być w pełni pewny co do wyniku.29

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry jest bardzo powszechny, a niewiele osób umiera z jego powodu. Jednak może on nawrócić i wymagać dodatkowego leczenia. Możliwe jest również rozwinięcie innego raka skóry w innym miejscu.30

Każdego roku diagnozuje się ponad 3 miliony przypadków nieczerniakowego raka skóry, a około 3500 osób umiera z powodu tego nowotworu rocznie.31

Narzędzia prognostyczne

Nomogramy okazały się skutecznymi narzędziami do przewidywania rokowania przeżycia.32 Nomogram, który wykazał dużą dokładność i spójność, wyselekcjonował kilka zmiennych związanych z przeżyciem raka skóry: wiek, pochodzenie etniczne, stan cywilny i historię chirurgiczną. Wykazano, że nomogram jest skutecznym narzędziem do przewidywania rokowania.33

Podsumowanie czynników prognostycznych w NMSC

Czynnik prognostyczny Wpływ na rokowanie
Typ histologiczny BCC ma lepsze rokowanie (5-letnie przeżycie 100%) niż SCC (5-letnie przeżycie 95%)
Wznowa po leczeniu Gorsze rokowanie niż w przypadku pierwotnego nowotworu
Stopień zróżnicowania Nowotwory o niskim stopniu złośliwości mają lepsze rokowanie
Naciekanie okołonerwowe Gorsze rokowanie przy obecności inwazji okołonerwowej
Stan układu odpornościowego Gorsze rokowanie u pacjentów z osłabionym układem odpornościowym
Głębokość nacieku Głębszy naciek wiąże się z gorszym rokowaniem
Przerzuty odległe Bardzo złe rokowanie w przypadku przerzutów odległych
Wiek Gorsze rokowanie u osób powyżej 66 roku życia
Płeć Gorsze rokowanie u mężczyzn
Stan cywilny Gorsze rokowanie u osób stanu wolnego
Leczenie chirurgiczne Lepsze rokowanie u pacjentów poddanych leczeniu chirurgicznemu
Stadium zaawansowania Gorsze rokowanie w wyższych stadiach zaawansowania (III)

Chociaż liczba NMSC jest oszałamiająca, zarówno BCC, jak i SCC mają wskaźnik wyleczalności powyżej 95%, jeśli zostaną wcześnie wykryte i leczone.34 To podkreśla znaczenie wczesnej diagnostyki i odpowiedniego leczenia w poprawie rokowania dla pacjentów z tym powszechnym nowotworem skóry.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #2 Survival statistics for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular person’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, a 5-year relative survival statistic is estimated for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are the most common types of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The 5-year relative survival for BCC is 100%. This means that, on average, all of the people diagnosed with BCC are just as likely to live at least 5 years after their diagnosis as people in the general population. […] The 5-year relative survival for SCC is slightly less at 95%. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is often found and treated early, so the prognosis is very good. […] There are many effective treatments available for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #3 Survival statistics for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics
    Survival statistics for cancer are very general estimates and must be interpreted very carefully. Because these statistics are based on the experience of groups of people, they cannot be used to predict a particular person’s chances of survival. […] In Canada, a 5-year relative survival statistic is estimated for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which are the most common types of non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The 5-year relative survival for BCC is 100%. This means that, on average, all of the people diagnosed with BCC are just as likely to live at least 5 years after their diagnosis as people in the general population. […] The 5-year relative survival for SCC is slightly less at 95%. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is often found and treated early, so the prognosis is very good. […] There are many effective treatments available for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Only a doctor familiar with these factors can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.
  • #4 Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: A systematic review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5396844/
    Some reports suggest a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) may be associated with increased mortality. NMSCs have very low fatality rates, but the high prevalence of NMSC elevates the importance of the possibility of associated subsequent mortality from other causes. […] For all-cause mortality, a significant increased risk was observed for patients with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (mortality ratio estimates (MR) 1.25 and 1.30), whereas no increased risk was observed for patients with a history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (MRs 0.96 and 0.97). […] Based on one study, the association with cancer-specific mortality was stronger for SCC (MR 2.17) than BCC (MR 1.15). […] Multiple studies support an association between NMSC and fatal outcomes; the associations tend to be more potent for SCC than BCC.
  • #5 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #6 Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: A systematic review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5396844/
    Some reports suggest a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) may be associated with increased mortality. NMSCs have very low fatality rates, but the high prevalence of NMSC elevates the importance of the possibility of associated subsequent mortality from other causes. […] For all-cause mortality, a significant increased risk was observed for patients with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (mortality ratio estimates (MR) 1.25 and 1.30), whereas no increased risk was observed for patients with a history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (MRs 0.96 and 0.97). […] Based on one study, the association with cancer-specific mortality was stronger for SCC (MR 2.17) than BCC (MR 1.15). […] Multiple studies support an association between NMSC and fatal outcomes; the associations tend to be more potent for SCC than BCC.
  • #7 Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: A systematic review
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5396844/
    The systematic review identified 12 published reports from 8 independent data sources that met the eligibility criteria. These reports included data from four different countries published from 1998 to 2015. […] First, there was at least some signal that NMSC was associated with increased risk for each of the fatal outcomes studied. Second, the results for each outcome revealed heterogeneity by histologic type, with associations consistently stronger for SCC than BCC. […] For all-cause mortality the risk association was actually completely confined to those with SCC. […] In the one study of cancer-specific mortality the association was much stronger for SCC compared with BCC (MR 2.17 vs. 1.15). […] The current body of evidence indicating that SCC may be associated with increased mortality rates is intriguing, and the public health importance of these associations is underscored by the high prevalence of SCC. Further research is needed to establish the validity of these associations, particularly studies with the capability of adjusting for individual-level factors and stratifying by histologic subtype of NMSC.
  • #8 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, the most frequent of which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). […] Although NMSC is usually cured by surgical resection, in rare cases it can progress to locally advanced and metastatic disease. […] Advanced NMSC may require systemic treatment if surgery and radiation are not feasible. […] Given the high mutational burden of NMSC, the use of immunotherapy has been investigated and two anti-PD-1 antibodies, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation. […] Both have shown durable responses with good tolerability in patients in phase II trials and anti-PD-1 therapy is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC.
  • #9 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    PD-1 blockade is also approved as second-line therapy in advanced BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] BCC can progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease in less than 1% of patients, which has a very poor prognosis with a median survival of 8-14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 10%. […] Anti-PD-1 with either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is also the standard salvage approach in patients with BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
  • #10 Disease Management: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
    https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/
    Although the number of NMSC is staggering, both BCC and SCC have a better than 95% cure rate if detected and treated early. […] Metastatic BCC traditionally has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 8 months to 3.6 years. […] Five-year recurrence rates after treatment of primary BCC are 1% for MMS, 7.5% for cryotherapy, 7.7% for EDC, 8.7% for radiation therapy, and 10.1% for surgical excision. […] Most patients with primary cutaneous SCC have a very good prognosis. However, patients with more advanced disease may have poor outcomes. […] An estimated 3,932 to 8,791 Americans died from cutaneous SCC in 2012. […] Several large European population based studies indicate relative 5-year survival of 93.6% in Germany and 75% to 98% in Norway with 5-year survival for advanced SCC being as low as 51%.
  • #11 Disease Management: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
    https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/
    Although the number of NMSC is staggering, both BCC and SCC have a better than 95% cure rate if detected and treated early. […] Metastatic BCC traditionally has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 8 months to 3.6 years. […] Five-year recurrence rates after treatment of primary BCC are 1% for MMS, 7.5% for cryotherapy, 7.7% for EDC, 8.7% for radiation therapy, and 10.1% for surgical excision. […] Most patients with primary cutaneous SCC have a very good prognosis. However, patients with more advanced disease may have poor outcomes. […] An estimated 3,932 to 8,791 Americans died from cutaneous SCC in 2012. […] Several large European population based studies indicate relative 5-year survival of 93.6% in Germany and 75% to 98% in Norway with 5-year survival for advanced SCC being as low as 51%.
  • #12 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #13 Disease Management: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
    https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/
    Although the number of NMSC is staggering, both BCC and SCC have a better than 95% cure rate if detected and treated early. […] Metastatic BCC traditionally has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 8 months to 3.6 years. […] Five-year recurrence rates after treatment of primary BCC are 1% for MMS, 7.5% for cryotherapy, 7.7% for EDC, 8.7% for radiation therapy, and 10.1% for surgical excision. […] Most patients with primary cutaneous SCC have a very good prognosis. However, patients with more advanced disease may have poor outcomes. […] An estimated 3,932 to 8,791 Americans died from cutaneous SCC in 2012. […] Several large European population based studies indicate relative 5-year survival of 93.6% in Germany and 75% to 98% in Norway with 5-year survival for advanced SCC being as low as 51%.
  • #14 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #15 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #16 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #17 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #18 Prognosis and survival for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/prognosis-and-survival
    A prognosis is the doctor’s best estimate of how cancer will affect you and how it will respond to treatment. Survival is the percentage of people with a disease who are alive at some point in time after their diagnosis. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. […] Prognosis and survival for most non-melanoma skin cancers is excellent. The following are prognostic factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that comes back after treatment has a less favourable prognosis than non-melanoma skin cancer that is found for the first time. […] Low-grade non-melanoma skin cancers have a better prognosis than high-grade cancers. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown into or around nerves (called perineural invasion) has a less favourable prognosis. […] People with non-melanoma skin cancer and a weakened immune system have a poorer prognosis than people without a weakened immune system. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has grown deeper into the skin or has spread to nearby tissues and structures has a less favourable prognosis. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer that has spread to farther parts of the body (called distant metastases) has a very poor prognosis.
  • #19 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #20 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #21 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #22 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, the most frequent of which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). […] Although NMSC is usually cured by surgical resection, in rare cases it can progress to locally advanced and metastatic disease. […] Advanced NMSC may require systemic treatment if surgery and radiation are not feasible. […] Given the high mutational burden of NMSC, the use of immunotherapy has been investigated and two anti-PD-1 antibodies, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation. […] Both have shown durable responses with good tolerability in patients in phase II trials and anti-PD-1 therapy is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC.
  • #23 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, the most frequent of which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). […] Although NMSC is usually cured by surgical resection, in rare cases it can progress to locally advanced and metastatic disease. […] Advanced NMSC may require systemic treatment if surgery and radiation are not feasible. […] Given the high mutational burden of NMSC, the use of immunotherapy has been investigated and two anti-PD-1 antibodies, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation. […] Both have shown durable responses with good tolerability in patients in phase II trials and anti-PD-1 therapy is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC.
  • #24 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) includes a wide range of cutaneous tumors, the most frequent of which are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). […] Although NMSC is usually cured by surgical resection, in rare cases it can progress to locally advanced and metastatic disease. […] Advanced NMSC may require systemic treatment if surgery and radiation are not feasible. […] Given the high mutational burden of NMSC, the use of immunotherapy has been investigated and two anti-PD-1 antibodies, cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, are approved for the treatment of advanced CSCC not curable by surgery or radiation. […] Both have shown durable responses with good tolerability in patients in phase II trials and anti-PD-1 therapy is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC.
  • #25 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    PD-1 blockade is also approved as second-line therapy in advanced BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] BCC can progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease in less than 1% of patients, which has a very poor prognosis with a median survival of 8-14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 10%. […] Anti-PD-1 with either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is also the standard salvage approach in patients with BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
  • #26 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    PD-1 blockade is also approved as second-line therapy in advanced BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] BCC can progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease in less than 1% of patients, which has a very poor prognosis with a median survival of 8-14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 10%. […] Anti-PD-1 with either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is also the standard salvage approach in patients with BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
  • #27 Update in the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers: the use of PD-1 inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9716987/
    PD-1 blockade is also approved as second-line therapy in advanced BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Advanced BCC is rare but very difficult to treat. […] BCC can progress to locally advanced or to metastatic disease in less than 1% of patients, which has a very poor prognosis with a median survival of 8-14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 10%. […] Anti-PD-1 with either cemiplimab or pembrolizumab is now the standard of care for locally advanced and metastatic CSCC. […] Cemiplimab is also the standard salvage approach in patients with BCC, with frequent and durable responses after failure on hedgehog inhibitor therapy. […] Clinical trials of immunotherapy must be prioritized for further improvement in outcomes.
  • #28 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    Prognosis is the word your healthcare team may use to describe your chances of recovering from cancer. Or it may mean your likely outcome from cancer and cancer treatment. A prognosis is a calculated guess. Its a question many people have when they learn they have cancer. […] A doctor who is most familiar with your health is in the best position to discuss your prognosis with you and explain what the statistics may mean in your case. At the same time, you should keep in mind that your prognosis can change. Cancer and cancer treatment outcomes are hard to predict. For instance, a favorable prognosis (which means youre likely going to do well) can change if the cancer spreads to key organs or doesnt respond to treatment. An unfavorable prognosis can change, too. This can happen if treatment shrinks and controls the cancer so it doesnt grow or spread.
  • #29 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your doctor will say you have a favorable prognosis. This means youre expected to live many years and may even be cured. If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. The cancer may shorten your life. Its important to keep in mind that a prognosis states whats likely or probable. It is not a prediction of what will definitely happen. No doctor can be fully certain about an outcome. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer is very common, and few people die from it. But it might come back (recur), and need more treatment. Or you might develop another skin cancer somewhere else. […] More than 3 million people are diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer each year. […] About 3,500 people die from nonmelanoma skin cancer each year.
  • #30 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your doctor will say you have a favorable prognosis. This means youre expected to live many years and may even be cured. If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. The cancer may shorten your life. Its important to keep in mind that a prognosis states whats likely or probable. It is not a prediction of what will definitely happen. No doctor can be fully certain about an outcome. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer is very common, and few people die from it. But it might come back (recur), and need more treatment. Or you might develop another skin cancer somewhere else. […] More than 3 million people are diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer each year. […] About 3,500 people die from nonmelanoma skin cancer each year.
  • #31 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Your Chances for Recovery (Prognosis) | Saint Luke’s Health System
    https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-your-chances-recovery-prognosis
    If your cancer is likely to respond well to treatment, your doctor will say you have a favorable prognosis. This means youre expected to live many years and may even be cured. If your cancer is likely to be hard to control, your prognosis may be less favorable. The cancer may shorten your life. Its important to keep in mind that a prognosis states whats likely or probable. It is not a prediction of what will definitely happen. No doctor can be fully certain about an outcome. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer is very common, and few people die from it. But it might come back (recur), and need more treatment. Or you might develop another skin cancer somewhere else. […] More than 3 million people are diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer each year. […] About 3,500 people die from nonmelanoma skin cancer each year.
  • #32 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #33 Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer | IJGM
    https://www.dovepress.com/incidence-trends-and-survival-prediction-of-malignant-skin-cancer-a-se-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM
    The overall age-adjusted incidence of skin cancer increased in America from 1973 to 2005 (APC = 2.8%, 95% CI: 2.6 2.9%, P 0.05). […] Age, ethnicity, marital status and surgical history were related with survival of malignant skin cancer. […] Nomograms were effective tools for predicting the survival prognosis. […] Overall survival rate of patients with 3-year and 5-year was 51.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Overall, 1080 (30.4%) patients died during follow-up. […] The related risk factors of short OS encompassed white ethnicity, over 66 years old, unmarried, regions of Northern plains, male, stage III, other non-epithelial skin and no surgery (P 0.05). […] Age, marital status, ethnicity and surgical history were recognized as independent prognostic factors. […] The hazard ratio of people who had surgery was 0.318 times lower than those not having a surgery, indicating that surgery was a protective factor. […] The nomogram which displayed great accuracy and consistency selected out several variables associated with the survival of skin cancer: age, ethnicity, married status, and surgical history. It showed that the nomogram was an effective tool for predicting the prognosis.
  • #34 Disease Management: Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
    https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/
    Although the number of NMSC is staggering, both BCC and SCC have a better than 95% cure rate if detected and treated early. […] Metastatic BCC traditionally has a poor prognosis, with a median survival of approximately 8 months to 3.6 years. […] Five-year recurrence rates after treatment of primary BCC are 1% for MMS, 7.5% for cryotherapy, 7.7% for EDC, 8.7% for radiation therapy, and 10.1% for surgical excision. […] Most patients with primary cutaneous SCC have a very good prognosis. However, patients with more advanced disease may have poor outcomes. […] An estimated 3,932 to 8,791 Americans died from cutaneous SCC in 2012. […] Several large European population based studies indicate relative 5-year survival of 93.6% in Germany and 75% to 98% in Norway with 5-year survival for advanced SCC being as low as 51%.