Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  More than 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were treated in over 3.3 million people in the U.S. in 2012, still considered the best estimate to date. […] About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. […] One study found that regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by about 40 percent when used as directed. […] The annual cost of treating skin cancers in the U.S. is estimated at $8.1 billion: about $4.8 billion for nonmelanoma skin cancers and $3.3 billion for melanoma.

• #2 Targeted Prevention for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer | Skin Cancer Institute

  https://azskincancerinstitute.org/sci/research/grants/skincancer

  Targeted Prevention of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer […] Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. One out of three new cancers is a skin cancer. Approximately 5 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) occur annually. Incidence rates for NMSC continue to rise, creating a substantial impact on morbidity and health care costs that account for $8.1 billion a year for skin cancer treatment. The majority of these lesions represent keratinocytic neoplasms. The overall goal of this multi-institutional Program Project Grant (PPG) is to employ novel technologies and develop new targeted prevention strategies to eradicate intraepithelial neoplasias in the skin (e.g. actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ), and thereby, to dramatically reduce the risk of cSCC.[…] Knowledge of the key molecular targets in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation signaling pathways and the development of multiple topically administered agents that can hit and effectively modulate these targets ultimately will allow for precision medicine-based approaches in cSCC prevention. While the two basic science projects (Projects 1 and 2) aim to identify and validate UV-induced signaling pathways and agents that modulate these targets, the clinical project (Project 3) will undertake the task of moving leading candidate drugs from mouse models into acute solar simulated light studies and Phase 1 clinical trials.[…] This highly integrated and translational research-based program project, emphasizing a multidisciplinary, precision medicine approach for the prevention of cSCC of the skin can also serve as a model for preventing other epithelial malignancies.

• #3 Skin Cancer and Prevention | UT Health East Texas

  https://uthealtheasttexas.com/news/skin-cancer-and-prevention

  Non-melanoma skin cancer affects more than 3 million Americans a year. […] Prevention strategies are the same for all skin cancers: […] Protection from UV rays (cover up, avoid peak times) […] Avoid getting sunburn […] Avoid tanning and never use UV tanning beds […] Use broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen […] Apply sunscreen to entire body 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming or excessive sweating […] Keep newborns out of the sun […] Examine skin head to toe every month […] Have professional skin exam at least once a year. […] Lifelong prevention strategies need to be implemented and followed not only during summer months, but all year round.

• #4

• #5 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  Most skin cancers are caused by contact with ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun and other sources of UV radiation, like tanning beds. […] Limiting your contact with UV radiation lowers your risk of skin cancer. To protect your skin from damage caused by UV radiation: Stay out of the sun as much as possible between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the suns rays are strongest. Cover up with long sleeves, long pants or a long skirt, a hat, and sunglasses. Put on broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher. Dont use indoor tanning machines. […] Protecting your skin from the sun and other UV radiation today may help prevent skin cancer later in life. […] Taking steps to protect your skin may also help prevent: Wrinkles, Blotches or spots on your skin, Other damage to your skin and eyes. […] Skin cancer can almost always be cured when its found and treated early.

• #6 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  Most skin cancers are at least partially caused by UV exposure, so reducing exposure reduces skin cancer risk. […] Individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer. Sun protection helps prevent the harmful effects of sun exposure, including sunburn, skin cancer, premature skin aging, and eye damage. […] According to WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, ideal sun protection involves several behaviors, including wearing tightly woven protective clothing, wearing a hat that provides adequate shade to the whole head, seeking shade whenever possible, avoiding outdoor activities during periods of peak sunlight (such as midday), and using sunscreen (in conjunction with other sun protection behaviors). […] Sunburns in childhood are a clear risk factor for skin cancers later in life, and building healthy habits early when children are more receptive can lead to increased sun protection into adulthood.

• #7 Skin Cancer Prevention | Patient Education | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/skin-cancer-prevention

  Skin cancer is largely preventable, and if caught early, it’s usually curable. […] Apply sunscreen if you’re planning to be in the sun for more than 20 minutes. […] Avoid direct sunlight as much as possible during the peak sun hours, generally 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., or seek shade during this part of day. […] Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 containing both UVA and UVB protection. […] Reapply sunscreen frequently, at least every two hours when outdoors, especially if you perspire or you’ve been swimming. […] Wear lip balm with an SPF 15 or higher. […] Wear a hat and other protective clothing while in the sun. […] Wear UV-protective sunglasses. […] An important part of skin cancer prevention and detection is learning to recognize skin changes that may become cancerous and alerting your doctor to any suspicious moles.

• #8 Protect Your Skin | Huntsman Cancer Institute | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/huntsmancancerinstitute/screening-prevention/skin-cancer-prevention

  Everyone is at risk for skin cancer, no matter your skin color or type. […] Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most common and often very treatable. […] The earlier skin cancer is detected, the better the outcome. […] Practice these tips to lower your risk for skin cancer. These tips also help protect your skin from painful sunburns and long-term skin damage. […] Try not to tan or burn. […] Limit sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. […] Wear broad-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and pants. […] Wear sunglasses with 100% UV protection. […] Put sunscreen on any areas of skin not protected by clothing. Apply 20 minutes before going outside. […] Reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. […] Avoid tanning beds. […] Look for these features when buying sunscreen: SPF 30 or higher, Broad spectrum (protects against UVA and UVB rays), Contains zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or both, Lotion rather than spray (lotion provides better coverage), Water resistant. […] Huntsman Cancer Institute’s doctors recommend you check your skin monthly to get familiar with your own moles and freckles. […] Talk to a dermatologist right away if you see any changes.

• #9 Skin Cancer and Prevention | UT Health East Texas

  https://uthealtheasttexas.com/news/skin-cancer-and-prevention

  Non-melanoma skin cancer affects more than 3 million Americans a year. […] Prevention strategies are the same for all skin cancers: […] Protection from UV rays (cover up, avoid peak times) […] Avoid getting sunburn […] Avoid tanning and never use UV tanning beds […] Use broad spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen […] Apply sunscreen to entire body 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapply every 2 hours or after swimming or excessive sweating […] Keep newborns out of the sun […] Examine skin head to toe every month […] Have professional skin exam at least once a year. […] Lifelong prevention strategies need to be implemented and followed not only during summer months, but all year round.

• #10 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  To learn more about skin cancer, check out: Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer and Aging. […] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. […] Anyone can get skin cancer. […] Take these simple steps to help prevent damage to your skin. […] Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. The suns rays are the strongest from mid-morning to late afternoon. […] Wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants or a long skirt when you spend time outdoors. […] Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher. […] Use lip balm with sunscreen in it to protect your lips. […] Tanning beds, tanning booths, and sunlamps are not any safer than tanning in the sun. […] Just like tanning in the sun, indoor tanning can cause skin cancer, wrinkles, age spots, and other damage to your skin and eyes. […] See a doctor or nurse right away if you notice: A new growth (like a mole or lump) on your skin, An existing growth that has changed in size, shape, color, or feel, A mole that bleeds or a sore that doesnt heal. […] Some doctors may recommend that you check your skin at home.

• #11 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  Most skin cancers are at least partially caused by UV exposure, so reducing exposure reduces skin cancer risk. […] Individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer. Sun protection helps prevent the harmful effects of sun exposure, including sunburn, skin cancer, premature skin aging, and eye damage. […] According to WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, ideal sun protection involves several behaviors, including wearing tightly woven protective clothing, wearing a hat that provides adequate shade to the whole head, seeking shade whenever possible, avoiding outdoor activities during periods of peak sunlight (such as midday), and using sunscreen (in conjunction with other sun protection behaviors). […] Sunburns in childhood are a clear risk factor for skin cancers later in life, and building healthy habits early when children are more receptive can lead to increased sun protection into adulthood.

• #12 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  To learn more about skin cancer, check out: Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer and Aging. […] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. […] Anyone can get skin cancer. […] Take these simple steps to help prevent damage to your skin. […] Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. The suns rays are the strongest from mid-morning to late afternoon. […] Wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants or a long skirt when you spend time outdoors. […] Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher. […] Use lip balm with sunscreen in it to protect your lips. […] Tanning beds, tanning booths, and sunlamps are not any safer than tanning in the sun. […] Just like tanning in the sun, indoor tanning can cause skin cancer, wrinkles, age spots, and other damage to your skin and eyes. […] See a doctor or nurse right away if you notice: A new growth (like a mole or lump) on your skin, An existing growth that has changed in size, shape, color, or feel, A mole that bleeds or a sore that doesnt heal. […] Some doctors may recommend that you check your skin at home.

• #13 Reducing your risk for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/risks/reducing-your-risk

  You may lower your risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer by doing the following. […] The best way to lower your risk of developing skin cancer is to protect yourself from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] Try to lower the amount of time you spend in the sun between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., when the suns rays are at their strongest, or any time of the day when the UV Index is 3 or more. […] Protecting children from the sun may greatly reduce their lifetime risk of developing skin cancer. […] Indoor tanning equipment, such as tanning beds or sun lamps, gives off UV radiation that is up to 5 times stronger than the midday sun on a summer day. […] To lower your risk for non-melanoma skin cancer, try to avoid any exposure to arsenic and the following products: coal and shale, industrial tar and pitch, creosote, chimney soot, paraffin.

• #14

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=aa32170

  You can help lower your risk for all types of skin cancer by being careful in the sun. For example, stay out of the sun during midday hours or seek shade. Wear sun-protective clothes when you’re outdoors. Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 on exposed skin. Avoid sunbathing and tanning salons.

• #15 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/

  More than 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were treated in over 3.3 million people in the U.S. in 2012, still considered the best estimate to date. […] About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. […] One study found that regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by about 40 percent when used as directed. […] The annual cost of treating skin cancers in the U.S. is estimated at $8.1 billion: about $4.8 billion for nonmelanoma skin cancers and $3.3 billion for melanoma.

• #16

  http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/cancer-management-manual/skin/non-melanoma

  Most skin cancers are preventable. As they are commonly induced by ultraviolet light, avoidance of excessive sun exposure combined with the use of appropriate clothing and a good sunscreen lotion (SPF 15 or higher in a substantive base that does not easily wash off by sweat or swimming) is recommended. […] Use of protective clothing in the summer sun and use of sunscreens are likely to reduce risk of non-melanocytic skin cancers. Not enough evidence is available to indicate whether use of sunscreens will reduce risk of melanoma. […] Sun protection is important for people of all ages. […] It is generally accepted that sunscreen use lowers the risk of skin cancer, however, there is no epidemiologic confirmation yet. […] Effective sun protection encompasses behaviour change and includes all the options outlined.

• #17 The Epidemic of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/478435_3

  Risk factors for NMSC can be classified as environmental and nonenvironmental, and certain skin comorbidities may predispose individuals to NMSC. The key environmental risk factor for NMSC is UV radiation from exposure to sunlight and artificial tanning lamps. Consequently, persons living in areas that receive intense sunlight or those who spend extended periods of time outdoors, at high altitudes, or who tan artificially are at greater risk than those who do not. Other environmental risk factors include arsenic; hydrocarbons such as tar, coal, paraffin, and certain oils; and x-rays. Tobacco smoking has recently been linked to SCC; after adjustment for age, sex, and sun exposure, the relative risk of SCC was 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.2; P= .008), and a dose-response relationship with number of cigarettes and pipes smoked was observed.

• #18 The Epidemic of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/478435_3

  Genetic predisposition and nonenvironmental factors such as skin type can exacerbate the risk posed by solar radiation. Fair-skinned individuals who have received high levels of sun exposure are at the greatest risk for developing these cancers. In addition, men are about twice as likely to develop NMSC as women. […] Certain genetic diseases and skin disorders predispose individuals to NMSC. These include albinism and xeroderma pigmentosum, which involves a defect in the repair of UV-induced radiation damage to DNA. Another predisposing factor is basal cell nevus syndrome, a rare congenital condition that causes multiple BCCs. Affected people typically develop basal cell cancers in their teens or early 20s. Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk, especially for SCC, and the rate in the population 20 years after transplant may be as high as 80%. The use of oral steroids (regardless of underlying disease) has recently been linked to NMSC. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune disease or arthritis are at increased risk for SCC, as are patients who have received extensive PUVA therapy for psoriasis. Persons with scars from severe burns, severe bone infections, and inflammatory skin diseases are also at increased risk of developing NMSCs, especially SCC.

• #19 Prevention of Non Melanoma | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma/about-this-condition/prevention.html

  Nonmelanoma skin cancer includes all skin cancer types that aren’t melanoma. […] The best way to prevent skin cancer is to limit your exposure to the sun, specifically: […] Use sunscreen. Make sure to follow instructions about how much to apply and how often to re-apply it. […] If you have had skin cancer, you have a greater chance of getting it again. Therefore, it’s important to reduce your sun exposure and see your dermatologist annually for a skin exam. […] The cornerstone of preventing skin cancer is limiting your exposure to sun. Ways to do that include: […] Once a patient has had skin cancer, there is probably a higher risk of getting it again. There is about 40 to 60 percent chance of developing another skin cancer, so limiting your sun exposure is important. Seeing a dermatologist at least once a year for a skin exam is also important.

• #20 Prevention and management of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-management-of-skin-cancer-in-solid-organ-transplant-recipients

  Prevention and management of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients […] A dermatologic consultation is recommended before transplantation for the screening and treatment of skin cancer and precursor lesions. All suspicious lesions should be excised and sent for pathologic examination. Actinic keratoses, porokeratoses, and viral warts should be treated. A careful history of previous skin cancer should also be obtained to determine the appropriate follow-up frequency or the wait time before proceeding to transplantation. […] In addition to treatments that directly target cutaneous malignancies, modulation of immunosuppression and preventive measures play an important role in the management of these patients. Organ transplant recipients with a history of skin cancer should be followed closely for the development of new lesions, locally recurrent lesions, and metastatic disease.

• #21 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Risk Factors | Skin Cancer Risks | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  This very rare inherited condition reduces the ability of skin cells to repair DNA damage caused by sun exposure. […] The immune system helps the body fight cancers of the skin and other organs. […] People infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, often have weakened immune systems and also are at increased risk for basal and squamous cell cancers. […] People who smoke are more likely to develop squamous cell skin cancer, especially on the lips.

• #22 Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)

  https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer

  Non-melanoma skin cancer refers to all types of skin cancer other than melanoma. The two most common types of non-melanoma skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer most often involves surgery, but there are non-surgical approaches that may be considered in certain circumstances. […] Treatment may consist of surgery, radiation therapy, or topical therapy. […] In some cases, participation in a clinical trial utilizing new, innovative therapies may provide the most promising treatment. […] Treatment of actinic keratoses may reduce the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. […] The development of more effective cancer treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer patients. […] Patients may gain access to better treatments by participating in a clinical trial.

• #23 Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Risk Factors | Skin Cancer Risks | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/basal-and-squamous-cell-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html

  This very rare inherited condition reduces the ability of skin cells to repair DNA damage caused by sun exposure. […] The immune system helps the body fight cancers of the skin and other organs. […] People infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, often have weakened immune systems and also are at increased risk for basal and squamous cell cancers. […] People who smoke are more likely to develop squamous cell skin cancer, especially on the lips.

• #24 The Epidemic of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/478435_8

  Regular follow-up is especially important for patients with a history of NMSC because they are at greater risk than the general population for the development of skin cancer. […] During follow-up, care should also be taken to educate patients about avoiding sun exposure and performing self-examination.

• #25 Secondary Prevention Strategies for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/secondary-prevention-strategies-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer

  Implementation of secondary prevention strategies are important for patients at high risk for development of nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Use of chemopreventive agents such as nicotinamide may be an effective secondary prevention strategy for select patients. […] Additional research is required to evaluate the efficacy of novel chemopreventive agents for the prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancers.

• #26 Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI]

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=ncicdr0000062802

  Although protecting the skin and eyes from the sun has not been proven to lower the chance of getting skin cancer, skin experts suggest the following: Use sunscreen that protects against UV radiation, do not stay out in the sun for long periods of time, especially when the sun is at its strongest, and wear long sleeve shirts, long pants, sun hats, and sunglasses, when outdoors. […] Chemoprevention is the use of drugs, vitamins, or other agents to try to reduce the risk of cancer. […] It is not known if the following lower the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: Sunscreen use and avoiding sun exposure. […] Studies show that people who receive counseling or information about avoiding sun exposure improve their sun protective habits. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of developing certain types of cancer. […] New ways to prevent skin cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #27 Nicotinamide for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer

  https://www.sebastianpodlipnik.com/en/nicotinamide-skin-cancer/

  Nicotinamide supplementation has been found to achieve reduce the risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer and basal cell carcinoma by 23% compared with placebo after one year, among patients at risk of skin cancer. […] Preventive treatments that can reduce this risk have been sought for years and recently it has been seen that nicotinamide could have a very good potential in patients at risk. […] Oral nicotinamide supplementation has been shown to be effective for proven to reduce the rate of actinic keratosis and new non-melanoma skin cancers compared to placebo after one year in patients who had previously had skin cancer. […] Nicotinamide 500 mg administered twice daily for a period of 12 months significantly reduced the number of new non-melanoma skin cancers by 23% versus those receiving placebo.

• #28 Nicotinamide and prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer | Medicine Today

  https://medicinetoday.com.au/mt/2016/august/regular-series/nicotinamide-and-prevention-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer

  Evidence suggests that nicotinamide supplements can reduce the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer in high-risk patients. It may be a useful adjunct to sun protection for nonmelanoma skin cancer prevention in patients at high risk. […] The water-soluble B-group vitamin nicotinamide is central to the function of some of the most important regulatory enzymes involved in DNA repair following exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent trials strongly suggest that nicotinamide supplementation protects against some of the damaging effects of UV exposure.

• #29 Vitamin B3 and non-melanoma skin cancer – Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/news/the-role-of-vitamin-b3-in-reducing-non-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  Cancer Council NSW helped fund one of the biggest discoveries in skin cancer research – that vitamin B3 can help reduce non-melanoma skin cancers. […] Professor Damian emphasised that using nicotinamide to prevent skin cancer is a high-dose treatment rather than a supplement. “This treatment is only for people with a defined medical condition – multiple skin cancers.” […] Before taking nicotinamide, people should consult with their dermatologist or general practitioner to see whether nicotinamide is suitable for them. […] Looking ahead, Professor Damian hopes that nicotinamide will continue to reduce rates of non-melanoma skin cancer among people at high risk – but the work does not end here. […] A second avenue of research will investigate whether nicotinamide can help people who are at risk of aggressive skin cancers because they have a chronically suppressed immune system. […] We have now obtained funding for a Phase 3 trial in transplant recipients to help answer this question.

• #30 Immunomodulators for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Updated Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122480/

  The current 2.2022 version of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of cSCC notes that acitretin and isotretinoin have proven effective in the prevention of both AKs and cSCC in high-risk patients. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC also note that acitretin might be effective for prevention in high-risk patients. […] The current NCCN guidelines for the management of cSCC do not give clear specifications on the selection of patients and use of nicotinamide, but there is mention that it may be effective in reducing the development of cSCC. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC suggest that the use of nicotinamide may be effective, citing data from Chen et al. […] The NCCN guidelines currently recommend topical 5-FU with or without calcipotriol as an accepted treatment modality for the treatment of diffuse AKs, field cancerization and cSCC prophylaxis.

• #31 Immunomodulators for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Updated Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122480/

  The current 2.2022 version of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of cSCC notes that acitretin and isotretinoin have proven effective in the prevention of both AKs and cSCC in high-risk patients. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC also note that acitretin might be effective for prevention in high-risk patients. […] The current NCCN guidelines for the management of cSCC do not give clear specifications on the selection of patients and use of nicotinamide, but there is mention that it may be effective in reducing the development of cSCC. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC suggest that the use of nicotinamide may be effective, citing data from Chen et al. […] The NCCN guidelines currently recommend topical 5-FU with or without calcipotriol as an accepted treatment modality for the treatment of diffuse AKs, field cancerization and cSCC prophylaxis.

• #32 Nonsurgical Innovations in the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/nonsurgical-innovations-in-the-treatment-of-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Isotretinoin and acitretin are the most common systemic retinoids used for NMSC chemoprevention. […] Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of topical all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) for the treatment of AKs, thus preventing their progression to SCC. […] The consumption of a low-fat diet has also been associated with a reduction in the number of AKs in individuals with a history of NMSC and in animal models. […] Newer agents currently in development or being studied for the prevention of NMSC include the following: Perillyl alcohol (POH) a hydroxylated monoterpene found in essential oils of plants, including citrus peels, mints, and celery seeds with antitumor activity in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis inducing apoptosis, and suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the Ras pathway, and alteration of the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in mice skin.

• #33 Immunomodulators for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Updated Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122480/

  The current 2.2022 version of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of cSCC notes that acitretin and isotretinoin have proven effective in the prevention of both AKs and cSCC in high-risk patients. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC also note that acitretin might be effective for prevention in high-risk patients. […] The current NCCN guidelines for the management of cSCC do not give clear specifications on the selection of patients and use of nicotinamide, but there is mention that it may be effective in reducing the development of cSCC. […] The NCCN guidelines for the management of BCC suggest that the use of nicotinamide may be effective, citing data from Chen et al. […] The NCCN guidelines currently recommend topical 5-FU with or without calcipotriol as an accepted treatment modality for the treatment of diffuse AKs, field cancerization and cSCC prophylaxis.

• #34 Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®): Prevention – Patient Information [NCI] | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.skin-cancer-prevention-pdq%C2%AE-prevention-patient-information-nci.ncicdr0000062802

  Treatment of sun-damaged skin to prevent skin cancer: Topical fluorouracil applied on sun-damaged skin daily for up to 4 weeks prevented new actinic keratoses from developing. […] It is not known if nonmelanoma skin cancer risk is decreased by staying out of the sun, using sunscreens, or wearing protective clothing when outdoors. […] Although protecting the skin and eyes from the sun has not been proven to lower the chance of getting skin cancer, skin experts suggest the following: Use sunscreen that protects against UV radiation, do not stay out in the sun for long periods of time, especially when the sun is at its strongest, and wear long sleeve shirts, long pants, sun hats, and sunglasses, when outdoors. […] New ways to prevent skin cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #35 Nonsurgical Innovations in the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/nonsurgical-innovations-in-the-treatment-of-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  Isotretinoin and acitretin are the most common systemic retinoids used for NMSC chemoprevention. […] Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of topical all-trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) for the treatment of AKs, thus preventing their progression to SCC. […] The consumption of a low-fat diet has also been associated with a reduction in the number of AKs in individuals with a history of NMSC and in animal models. […] Newer agents currently in development or being studied for the prevention of NMSC include the following: Perillyl alcohol (POH) a hydroxylated monoterpene found in essential oils of plants, including citrus peels, mints, and celery seeds with antitumor activity in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis inducing apoptosis, and suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the Ras pathway, and alteration of the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in mice skin.

• #36 Nonsurgical Innovations in the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/nonsurgical-innovations-in-the-treatment-of-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  T4 endonuclease 5 (T4N5) an enzyme involved in the reparation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers generated in the DNA molecule after exposure to UVR, which have been associated with the generation of NMSC. […] A topical formulation has been developed and T4N5 has been found within the cytoplasm and nucleus of epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes in preliminary studies. […] Current evidence does not support the association of fat intake with the development of BCC. […] Current RCTs are comparing the efficacy of DFMO with or without triamcinalone in the prevention of NMSC in patients with AKs and the effectiveness of DFMO in preventing skin cancer in patients who have previously received treatment for early-stage skin cancer. […] The incidence and prevalence of NMSC will continue to rise due to several factors including, but not limited to, the increase in human lifespan, early detection, and awareness campaigns. Preventive measures include sun protection and consumption of low fat diets, along with retinoids and newer agents, such as perillyl alcohol, T4N5, DFMO, and DL-a tocopherol.

• #37 Skin Cancer Prevention Guidelines | SERO

  https://treatcancer.com/blog/skin-cancer-prevention-guidelines/

  High doses of isotretinoin have been shown to prevent new skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. […] A study of celecoxib in patients with actinic keratosis and a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer found those who took celecoxib had slightly lower rates of recurrent nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] A study of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer showed that those who took DFMO had lower rates of nonmelanoma skin cancers coming back than those who took a placebo. […] Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials can be found in the Clinical Trials section of the NCI Web site.

• #38 Skin Cancer Prevention Guidelines | SERO

  https://treatcancer.com/blog/skin-cancer-prevention-guidelines/

  High doses of isotretinoin have been shown to prevent new skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. […] A study of celecoxib in patients with actinic keratosis and a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer found those who took celecoxib had slightly lower rates of recurrent nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] A study of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer showed that those who took DFMO had lower rates of nonmelanoma skin cancers coming back than those who took a placebo. […] Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. Information about clinical trials can be found in the Clinical Trials section of the NCI Web site.

• #39 Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling | Nature Reviews Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrc1253

  Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of the UVB-light-induced p38 MAPK pathway and has shown chemopreventive activity in preventing UVB-light-induced skin-tumour development. […] Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an inhibitor of UVB-light-induced PI3KAKT pathway and NDGA has been shown to have chemopreventive activity. […] New chemopreventive agents that target UVB-light signalling pathways leading to AP-1 activation and COX2 expression are being translated into the clinic. […] This review describes the translation of laboratory findings concerning UV signal-transduction pathways and pre-clinical studies of chemoprevention agents that target these pathways in patients at high risk for skin cancer.

• #40 Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling | Nature Reviews Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrc1253

  Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of the UVB-light-induced p38 MAPK pathway and has shown chemopreventive activity in preventing UVB-light-induced skin-tumour development. […] Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an inhibitor of UVB-light-induced PI3KAKT pathway and NDGA has been shown to have chemopreventive activity. […] New chemopreventive agents that target UVB-light signalling pathways leading to AP-1 activation and COX2 expression are being translated into the clinic. […] This review describes the translation of laboratory findings concerning UV signal-transduction pathways and pre-clinical studies of chemoprevention agents that target these pathways in patients at high risk for skin cancer.

• #41 Can Metformin Reduce Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? – European Medical Journal Can Metformin Reduce Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? – AMJ

  https://www.emjreviews.com/dermatology/news/can-metformin-reduce-non-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  A NEW study has highlighted metformins potential role in reducing the risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), offering intriguing possibilities for dermatological and oncological care. Non-melanoma skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), represent a significant public health burden, making new prevention strategies a critical area of focus. […] The study emphasized the potential for metformin to provide protective benefits for patients with skin of color, where chemopreventive options for skin cancer are limited. These findings may encourage further investigation into metformin as a possible addition to existing skin cancer prevention strategies, particularly given its established safety profile and widespread use. […] For healthcare professionals, particularly dermatologists and oncologists, this study underscored the importance of considering innovative and cost-effective approaches to skin cancer prevention, especially in high-risk populations.

• #42 American Society for Dermatologic Surgery

  https://www.healio.com/news/dermatology/20201012/dermatologic-surgeons-likely-to-propose-pharmacologic-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-prevention

  Most dermatologic surgeons recommended pharmacologic interventions to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer, according to a presentation at the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery annual meeting. […] Of 85 respondents, 95.3% recommended intervention for NMSC prevention, with 84.2% recommending nicotinamide, 59.8% recommending acitretin and 39% recommending topical retinoids. […] Further analysis found 45% of respondents recommended preventive therapies after five or more NMSCs and more than 10% recommended preventive therapies among patients with actinic keratoses but no history of NMSC. […] Studies that directly compare the efficacy of preventative interventions for NMSCs and establish guidelines regarding the threshold for initiating such therapies are needed.

• #43 Simple Laser Treatments May Help Prevent Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

  https://www.massgeneral.org/news/press-release/simple-laser-treatments-may-help-prevent-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer

  In a study of patients with a history of facial keratinocyte carcinoma, 20.9% of those treated with nonablative fractional lasers experienced a subsequent keratinocyte carcinoma, compared with 40.4% of patients who did not receive laser treatment. […] New research indicates that simple laser treatments to the skin may help to prevent the development of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, which are collectively known as keratinocyte carcinoma and are the most common types of cancer diagnosed in the United States. […] The rate of subsequent facial keratinocyte carcinoma development over an average follow-up of more than 6 years was 20.9% in NAFL-treated patients and 40.4% in controls, indicating that patients treated with NAFL had about half the risk. […] These findings suggest that NAFL treatment may have an important role in protecting against subsequent keratinocyte carcinomas, says Avram.

• #44 Nonablative Fractional Laser Therapy May Help Prevent Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/news/january-2023/nonablative-fractional-laser-therapy-may-help-prevent-nonmelanoma-skin-cancers/

  Researchers discovered that simple laser treatments to the skin may help prevent the development of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, according to a new study published by Benson et al in Dermatologic Surgery. […] These findings suggest that [nonablative fractional laser] treatment may have an important role in protecting against subsequent keratinocyte carcinomas, explained Mathew Avram, MD, JD, Associate Professor of Dermatology at Harvard Medical School and Director of Dermatologic Surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital Dermatology Laser and Cosmetics Center. […] The researchers noted that additional studies are warranted to more critically assess the role of nonablative fractional laser therapy in skin cancer prevention, to more fully understand the duration of its protective effects, and to determine optimal treatment parameters.

• #45 Immunomodulators for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Updated Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122480/

  Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers worldwide and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in immunosuppressed populations. Successful management of NMSC must take primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies into consideration. […] The identification of patients at high risk for the development of NMSC is critical in reducing disease morbidity. Understanding the various treatment options available and their comparative effectiveness is paramount for developing a personalized treatment regimen for such patients. […] This review article will discuss in detail the various immunomodulatory treatment options and the current evidence supporting their use in both the prevention and treatment of NMSC. […] Aside from the many treatment options for confirmed disease, primary and secondary prevention strategies aimed at reducing overall disease burden are similarly important.

• #46 Immunomodulators for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Updated Perspectives

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10122480/

  Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common cancers worldwide and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in immunosuppressed populations. Successful management of NMSC must take primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies into consideration. […] The identification of patients at high risk for the development of NMSC is critical in reducing disease morbidity. Understanding the various treatment options available and their comparative effectiveness is paramount for developing a personalized treatment regimen for such patients. […] This review article will discuss in detail the various immunomodulatory treatment options and the current evidence supporting their use in both the prevention and treatment of NMSC. […] Aside from the many treatment options for confirmed disease, primary and secondary prevention strategies aimed at reducing overall disease burden are similarly important.

• #47 Targeted Prevention for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer | Skin Cancer Institute

  https://azskincancerinstitute.org/sci/research/grants/skincancer

  Targeted Prevention of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer […] Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. One out of three new cancers is a skin cancer. Approximately 5 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) occur annually. Incidence rates for NMSC continue to rise, creating a substantial impact on morbidity and health care costs that account for $8.1 billion a year for skin cancer treatment. The majority of these lesions represent keratinocytic neoplasms. The overall goal of this multi-institutional Program Project Grant (PPG) is to employ novel technologies and develop new targeted prevention strategies to eradicate intraepithelial neoplasias in the skin (e.g. actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ), and thereby, to dramatically reduce the risk of cSCC.[…] Knowledge of the key molecular targets in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation signaling pathways and the development of multiple topically administered agents that can hit and effectively modulate these targets ultimately will allow for precision medicine-based approaches in cSCC prevention. While the two basic science projects (Projects 1 and 2) aim to identify and validate UV-induced signaling pathways and agents that modulate these targets, the clinical project (Project 3) will undertake the task of moving leading candidate drugs from mouse models into acute solar simulated light studies and Phase 1 clinical trials.[…] This highly integrated and translational research-based program project, emphasizing a multidisciplinary, precision medicine approach for the prevention of cSCC of the skin can also serve as a model for preventing other epithelial malignancies.

• #48 Targeted Prevention for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer | Skin Cancer Institute

  https://azskincancerinstitute.org/sci/research/grants/skincancer

  Targeted Prevention of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer […] Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide. One out of three new cancers is a skin cancer. Approximately 5 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) occur annually. Incidence rates for NMSC continue to rise, creating a substantial impact on morbidity and health care costs that account for $8.1 billion a year for skin cancer treatment. The majority of these lesions represent keratinocytic neoplasms. The overall goal of this multi-institutional Program Project Grant (PPG) is to employ novel technologies and develop new targeted prevention strategies to eradicate intraepithelial neoplasias in the skin (e.g. actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ), and thereby, to dramatically reduce the risk of cSCC.[…] Knowledge of the key molecular targets in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation signaling pathways and the development of multiple topically administered agents that can hit and effectively modulate these targets ultimately will allow for precision medicine-based approaches in cSCC prevention. While the two basic science projects (Projects 1 and 2) aim to identify and validate UV-induced signaling pathways and agents that modulate these targets, the clinical project (Project 3) will undertake the task of moving leading candidate drugs from mouse models into acute solar simulated light studies and Phase 1 clinical trials.[…] This highly integrated and translational research-based program project, emphasizing a multidisciplinary, precision medicine approach for the prevention of cSCC of the skin can also serve as a model for preventing other epithelial malignancies.

• #49 The Epidemic of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/478435_8

  Regular follow-up is especially important for patients with a history of NMSC because they are at greater risk than the general population for the development of skin cancer. […] During follow-up, care should also be taken to educate patients about avoiding sun exposure and performing self-examination.

• #50 Protect Your Skin | Huntsman Cancer Institute | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/huntsmancancerinstitute/screening-prevention/skin-cancer-prevention

  Everyone is at risk for skin cancer, no matter your skin color or type. […] Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most common and often very treatable. […] The earlier skin cancer is detected, the better the outcome. […] Practice these tips to lower your risk for skin cancer. These tips also help protect your skin from painful sunburns and long-term skin damage. […] Try not to tan or burn. […] Limit sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. […] Wear broad-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and pants. […] Wear sunglasses with 100% UV protection. […] Put sunscreen on any areas of skin not protected by clothing. Apply 20 minutes before going outside. […] Reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. […] Avoid tanning beds. […] Look for these features when buying sunscreen: SPF 30 or higher, Broad spectrum (protects against UVA and UVB rays), Contains zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, or both, Lotion rather than spray (lotion provides better coverage), Water resistant. […] Huntsman Cancer Institute’s doctors recommend you check your skin monthly to get familiar with your own moles and freckles. […] Talk to a dermatologist right away if you see any changes.

• #51 Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment – Lakeland, FL: North County Dermatology Clinic

  https://www.ncdermclinic.com/contents/our-advanced-skin-services/skin-cancer-prevention

  Skin cancer may be prevented. […] Skin cancer prevention and early detection are so important that they offer a thorough skin and mole check for every patient. […] North County Dermatology Clinic offers these tips: Perform a full body skin examination each month. Report any concerns to our office promptly. […] The American Cancer Society recommends a yearly skin examination by a qualified professional every year after the age of 40, and every three years for people ages 20-40. If you have a history of skin cancer or actinic keratoses, we may recommend more frequent skin examinations. […] Wear sunblock that blocks both UVA and UVB rays and has an SPF of 30 or greater. […] Limit the amount of time you spend in the sun. Wearing sunblock and sunscreen may reduce your risk of skin cancer. […] Try to avoid being in the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM, when the suns rays are the strongest. […] Teach children to protect their skin from the sun.

• #52 Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment – Lakeland, FL: North County Dermatology Clinic

  https://www.ncdermclinic.com/contents/our-advanced-skin-services/skin-cancer-prevention

  Skin cancer may be prevented. […] Skin cancer prevention and early detection are so important that they offer a thorough skin and mole check for every patient. […] North County Dermatology Clinic offers these tips: Perform a full body skin examination each month. Report any concerns to our office promptly. […] The American Cancer Society recommends a yearly skin examination by a qualified professional every year after the age of 40, and every three years for people ages 20-40. If you have a history of skin cancer or actinic keratoses, we may recommend more frequent skin examinations. […] Wear sunblock that blocks both UVA and UVB rays and has an SPF of 30 or greater. […] Limit the amount of time you spend in the sun. Wearing sunblock and sunscreen may reduce your risk of skin cancer. […] Try to avoid being in the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM, when the suns rays are the strongest. […] Teach children to protect their skin from the sun.

• #53 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  To learn more about skin cancer, check out: Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer and Aging. […] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. […] Anyone can get skin cancer. […] Take these simple steps to help prevent damage to your skin. […] Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. The suns rays are the strongest from mid-morning to late afternoon. […] Wear a long-sleeved shirt and long pants or a long skirt when you spend time outdoors. […] Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher. […] Use lip balm with sunscreen in it to protect your lips. […] Tanning beds, tanning booths, and sunlamps are not any safer than tanning in the sun. […] Just like tanning in the sun, indoor tanning can cause skin cancer, wrinkles, age spots, and other damage to your skin and eyes. […] See a doctor or nurse right away if you notice: A new growth (like a mole or lump) on your skin, An existing growth that has changed in size, shape, color, or feel, A mole that bleeds or a sore that doesnt heal. […] Some doctors may recommend that you check your skin at home.

• #54 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer – Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment – Today’s Geriatric Medicine

  https://www.todaysgeriatricmedicine.com/archive/ND17p30.shtml

  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of skin cancer. It is estimated that more than 3 million people in the United States are diagnosed with NMSC each year, and this number continues to rise. […] It is also essential for clinicians to stay up to date on the most advanced treatment options available that could potentially improve patient outcomes and comfort. […] Both BCC and SCC are usually caused by chronic sun exposure and most commonly appear on the ears, face, scalp, chest, arms, hands, and legs. […] The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends performing skin self-exams every month to check for signs of skin cancer. If any suspicious spots on the skin are detected, it’s important for patients to contact a dermatologist immediately. Most cases of NMSC can be treated if detected early.

• #55 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer calls on partners in prevention from various sectors across the nation to address skin cancer as a major public health problem. […] The goal of this document is to increase awareness of skin cancer and to call for actions to reduce its risk. […] The Call to Action presents the following five strategic goals to support skin cancer prevention in the United States: increase opportunities for sun protection in outdoor settings; provide individuals with the information they need to make informed, healthy choices about ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure; promote policies that advance the national goal of preventing skin cancer; reduce harms from indoor tanning; and strengthen research, surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation related to skin cancer prevention.

• #56 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  Sunscreens sold in the United States are governed by FDA as over-the-counter drugs. […] The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer is informed by international efforts to prevent skin cancer. […] Many countries have laws specifically addressing indoor tanning. […] This section presents five strategic goals to support skin cancer prevention in the United States. […] Strategies that change the context or environment to support healthy choices generally have greater reach and are more effective at the population level than strategies focused on individual behavior. […] To reduce skin cancers in the population, people must get the information they need to make informed choices about sun protection, policies must support these efforts, youth must be protected from harms of indoor tanning, and adequate investments need to be made in skin cancer research and surveillance.

• #57 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  Sunscreens sold in the United States are governed by FDA as over-the-counter drugs. […] The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer is informed by international efforts to prevent skin cancer. […] Many countries have laws specifically addressing indoor tanning. […] This section presents five strategic goals to support skin cancer prevention in the United States. […] Strategies that change the context or environment to support healthy choices generally have greater reach and are more effective at the population level than strategies focused on individual behavior. […] To reduce skin cancers in the population, people must get the information they need to make informed choices about sun protection, policies must support these efforts, youth must be protected from harms of indoor tanning, and adequate investments need to be made in skin cancer research and surveillance.

• #58

  https://www.crossroadspsychiatric.com/PatientPortal/MyPractice.aspx?UAID=%7BDF2333FA-899B-4D06-ADFA-D1EF0658599C%7D&ID=HW5ncicdr0000062802&Title=Skin-Cancer-Prevention-(PDQ%C2%AE)-Prevention—Patient-Information-NCI

  High doses of isotretinoin have been shown to prevent new skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. […] A study of celecoxib in patients with actinic keratosis and a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer found those who took celecoxib had slightly lower rates of recurrent nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] A study of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer showed that those who took DFMO had lower rates of nonmelanoma skin cancers coming back than those who took a placebo. […] Studies have shown that nicotinamide (vitamin B3) helps prevent new actinic keratoses lesions from forming in people who had four or fewer actinic lesions before taking nicotinamide. More studies are needed to find out if nicotinamide prevents nonmelanoma skin cancer from forming or coming back. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to lower the risk of developing certain types of cancer. […] New ways to prevent skin cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #59 Prevention Clinical Trials for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – NCIFacebookFollow on XInstagramYoutubeLinkedin

  https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/disease/skin-cancer/prevention

  Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. The clinical trials on this list are for non-melanoma skin cancer prevention. […] You may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Talk to your doctor for help in deciding if one is right for you. […] Efficacy and Safety of Patidegib Gel 2% for Preventing Basal Cell Carcinomas on the Face of Adults with Gorlin Syndrome. […] Testing the Efficacy of Topical calcipotriene plus 5-Fluorouracil Combination to Activate the Immune System Against Precancerous Skin Lesions in Organ Transplant Recipients. […] Personalized Skin Cancer Education Program for the Prevention of Skin Cancer, SHINE Study.

• #60 Prevention Clinical Trials for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – NCIFacebookFollow on XInstagramYoutubeLinkedin

  https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/disease/skin-cancer/prevention

  Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. The clinical trials on this list are for non-melanoma skin cancer prevention. […] You may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Talk to your doctor for help in deciding if one is right for you. […] Efficacy and Safety of Patidegib Gel 2% for Preventing Basal Cell Carcinomas on the Face of Adults with Gorlin Syndrome. […] Testing the Efficacy of Topical calcipotriene plus 5-Fluorouracil Combination to Activate the Immune System Against Precancerous Skin Lesions in Organ Transplant Recipients. […] Personalized Skin Cancer Education Program for the Prevention of Skin Cancer, SHINE Study.

• #61 Prevention Clinical Trials for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – NCIFacebookFollow on XInstagramYoutubeLinkedin

  https://www.cancer.gov/research/participate/clinical-trials/disease/skin-cancer/prevention

  Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. The clinical trials on this list are for non-melanoma skin cancer prevention. […] You may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Talk to your doctor for help in deciding if one is right for you. […] Efficacy and Safety of Patidegib Gel 2% for Preventing Basal Cell Carcinomas on the Face of Adults with Gorlin Syndrome. […] Testing the Efficacy of Topical calcipotriene plus 5-Fluorouracil Combination to Activate the Immune System Against Precancerous Skin Lesions in Organ Transplant Recipients. […] Personalized Skin Cancer Education Program for the Prevention of Skin Cancer, SHINE Study.

• #62 Nonsurgical Innovations in the Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | JCAD – The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology

  https://jcadonline.com/nonsurgical-innovations-in-the-treatment-of-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/

  T4 endonuclease 5 (T4N5) an enzyme involved in the reparation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers generated in the DNA molecule after exposure to UVR, which have been associated with the generation of NMSC. […] A topical formulation has been developed and T4N5 has been found within the cytoplasm and nucleus of epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes in preliminary studies. […] Current evidence does not support the association of fat intake with the development of BCC. […] Current RCTs are comparing the efficacy of DFMO with or without triamcinalone in the prevention of NMSC in patients with AKs and the effectiveness of DFMO in preventing skin cancer in patients who have previously received treatment for early-stage skin cancer. […] The incidence and prevalence of NMSC will continue to rise due to several factors including, but not limited to, the increase in human lifespan, early detection, and awareness campaigns. Preventive measures include sun protection and consumption of low fat diets, along with retinoids and newer agents, such as perillyl alcohol, T4N5, DFMO, and DL-a tocopherol.

• #63 Prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer by targeting ultraviolet-B-light signalling | Nature Reviews Cancer

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nrc1253

  Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of the UVB-light-induced p38 MAPK pathway and has shown chemopreventive activity in preventing UVB-light-induced skin-tumour development. […] Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is an inhibitor of UVB-light-induced PI3KAKT pathway and NDGA has been shown to have chemopreventive activity. […] New chemopreventive agents that target UVB-light signalling pathways leading to AP-1 activation and COX2 expression are being translated into the clinic. […] This review describes the translation of laboratory findings concerning UV signal-transduction pathways and pre-clinical studies of chemoprevention agents that target these pathways in patients at high risk for skin cancer.

• #64 Protect Your Skin: A Comprehensive Guide to Skin Cancer Prevention | Farmington Valley Dermatology & Surgery

  https://fvderm.com/protect-your-skin-a-comprehensive-guide-to-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Get to know your skin and monitor it regularly for any changes, including new moles, growths, or spots that change in size, shape, or color. If you notice anything suspicious, consult a dermatologist promptly for evaluation. […] At Farmington Valley Dermatology Surgery, were passionate about promoting skin health and empowering individuals to protect themselves against skin cancer. […] Skin cancer prevention is a multifaceted effort that requires a combination of sun-safe practices, regular skin checks, and quality skincare products. By following the sun safety tips outlined above and incorporating Farmington Valley Dermatology Surgerys innovative skincare solutions into your daily routine, you can take proactive steps to protect your skin and reduce your risk of developing skin cancer. Remember, your skin is your bodys largest organ, and it deserves the best care and protection possible. Together, lets prioritize skin health and enjoy the sun safely for years to come.

• #65 Skin Cancer | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/skin-cancer.html

  Some people have an elevated risk of developing skin cancer. Review the skin cancer screening guidelines to see if you need to be tested. […] Behavioral and lifestyle changes can help prevent skin cancer. Visit our prevention and screening section to learn how to manage your risk. […] In rare cases, skin cancer can be passed down from one generation to the next. Genetic counseling may be right for you. Visit our genetic testing page to learn more. […] Preventing a sunburn is always better than treating one, George says. […] Choose a sunscreen that has an SPF of 30 or higher, is water-resistant and offers broad-spectrum protection. […] Apply sunscreen at least 30 minutes before going in the sun. […] Reapply sunscreen every two hours, and after swimming or sweating. […] Seek shade when possible, especially when the suns UV rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. […] Cover up with wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses with protection from UVA and UVB rays and UV-protective clothing.

• #66 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer – Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment – Today’s Geriatric Medicine

  https://www.todaysgeriatricmedicine.com/archive/ND17p30.shtml

  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common form of skin cancer. It is estimated that more than 3 million people in the United States are diagnosed with NMSC each year, and this number continues to rise. […] It is also essential for clinicians to stay up to date on the most advanced treatment options available that could potentially improve patient outcomes and comfort. […] Both BCC and SCC are usually caused by chronic sun exposure and most commonly appear on the ears, face, scalp, chest, arms, hands, and legs. […] The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) recommends performing skin self-exams every month to check for signs of skin cancer. If any suspicious spots on the skin are detected, it’s important for patients to contact a dermatologist immediately. Most cases of NMSC can be treated if detected early.

• #67 Prevention of Non Melanoma | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma/about-this-condition/prevention.html

  Nonmelanoma skin cancer includes all skin cancer types that aren’t melanoma. […] The best way to prevent skin cancer is to limit your exposure to the sun, specifically: […] Use sunscreen. Make sure to follow instructions about how much to apply and how often to re-apply it. […] If you have had skin cancer, you have a greater chance of getting it again. Therefore, it’s important to reduce your sun exposure and see your dermatologist annually for a skin exam. […] The cornerstone of preventing skin cancer is limiting your exposure to sun. Ways to do that include: […] Once a patient has had skin cancer, there is probably a higher risk of getting it again. There is about 40 to 60 percent chance of developing another skin cancer, so limiting your sun exposure is important. Seeing a dermatologist at least once a year for a skin exam is also important.

• #68 Skin cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer

  Non-melanoma skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] After you have had treatment for skin cancer it is even more important to protect yourself from the sun. Find out how you can protect your skin in our information about sun safety and cancer treatment. […] It is also important to: Never use an indoor tanning device, such as a sunbed or sunlamp. If you want to look tanned, use fake tan. […] Check your skin regularly for any changes. […] If you are not often outdoors or in the sun, ask your specialist doctor or GP to check your vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is important for general health and can become low in people who avoid the sun or are indoors most of the time. You may need to take vitamin D supplements if your levels are low.

• #69 Vitamin B3 and non-melanoma skin cancer – Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/news/the-role-of-vitamin-b3-in-reducing-non-melanoma-skin-cancer/

  Cancer Council NSW helped fund one of the biggest discoveries in skin cancer research – that vitamin B3 can help reduce non-melanoma skin cancers. […] Professor Damian emphasised that using nicotinamide to prevent skin cancer is a high-dose treatment rather than a supplement. “This treatment is only for people with a defined medical condition – multiple skin cancers.” […] Before taking nicotinamide, people should consult with their dermatologist or general practitioner to see whether nicotinamide is suitable for them. […] Looking ahead, Professor Damian hopes that nicotinamide will continue to reduce rates of non-melanoma skin cancer among people at high risk – but the work does not end here. […] A second avenue of research will investigate whether nicotinamide can help people who are at risk of aggressive skin cancers because they have a chronically suppressed immune system. […] We have now obtained funding for a Phase 3 trial in transplant recipients to help answer this question.

• #70 High-Risk Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Clinic | Dermatology | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/dermatology/high-risk-non-melanoma-skin-cancer-clinic

  High-Risk Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Clinic provides comprehensive and coordinated care for patients at high risk for skin cancer. […] Our team of a medical dermatologist and surgical dermatologist provide care that focuses on patient education, skin cancer prevention, and timely recognition and treatment of skin cancers. […] Methods of reducing risk of developing skin cancers. […] Ideally, patients should be seen prior to, or soon after, their transplant. This allows us to determine your risk of skin cancer post-transplant and develop an appropriate skin cancer prevention plan. […] Minimize risk of skin cancer through education and preventative care.

• #71 High-Risk Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Clinic | Dermatology | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/dermatology/high-risk-non-melanoma-skin-cancer-clinic

  High-Risk Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Clinic provides comprehensive and coordinated care for patients at high risk for skin cancer. […] Our team of a medical dermatologist and surgical dermatologist provide care that focuses on patient education, skin cancer prevention, and timely recognition and treatment of skin cancers. […] Methods of reducing risk of developing skin cancers. […] Ideally, patients should be seen prior to, or soon after, their transplant. This allows us to determine your risk of skin cancer post-transplant and develop an appropriate skin cancer prevention plan. […] Minimize risk of skin cancer through education and preventative care.

• #72 Skin Cancer Prevention | Patient Education | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/skin-cancer-prevention

  Skin cancer is largely preventable, and if caught early, it’s usually curable. […] Apply sunscreen if you’re planning to be in the sun for more than 20 minutes. […] Avoid direct sunlight as much as possible during the peak sun hours, generally 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., or seek shade during this part of day. […] Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 containing both UVA and UVB protection. […] Reapply sunscreen frequently, at least every two hours when outdoors, especially if you perspire or you’ve been swimming. […] Wear lip balm with an SPF 15 or higher. […] Wear a hat and other protective clothing while in the sun. […] Wear UV-protective sunglasses. […] An important part of skin cancer prevention and detection is learning to recognize skin changes that may become cancerous and alerting your doctor to any suspicious moles.

• #73 RF – Pharmacological Prevention of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in High-Risk Patients | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://www.actasdermo.org/en-rf-pharmacological-prevention-nonmelanoma-articulo-S1578219020302122

  Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common neoplasia in humans. It includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Its main risk factors are accumulated exposure to sunlight, immunosuppression, and infection with the beta human papillomavirus. The use of topical sunscreen is frequently indicated in secondary prevention. In recent years, new evidence supports the use of some drugs as chemoprophylactics. […] Different pharmacological options exist for patients with a high risk of developing NMSC, such as 5% topical fluorouracil, retinoids, and oral nicotinamide to reduce this risk and the associated morbidity and mortality.

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