Rak skóry nieczerniakowy
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry (NMSC), obejmujący głównie rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC, 70-80% przypadków) oraz rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC), jest najczęstszym nowotworem skóry o rocznej częstości diagnoz w USA około 5,4 miliona przypadków u ponad 3,3 miliona osób. BCC rozwija się z komórek warstwy podstawnej naskórka, cechuje się powolnym wzrostem i niskim ryzykiem przerzutów, natomiast SCC wywodzi się z warstwy kolczystej, często w obszarach eksponowanych na promieniowanie UV. Kluczowe czynniki ryzyka to nadmierna ekspozycja na UV, jasna karnacja, wcześniejsze nowotwory skóry, osłabiony układ odpornościowy oraz palenie tytoniu. Profilaktyka opiera się na stosowaniu kremów z filtrem SPF ≥30, ograniczeniu ekspozycji na słońce, noszeniu odzieży ochronnej oraz unikaniu solariów. Diagnostyka obejmuje badanie dermatologiczne, biopsję oraz w razie potrzeby badania obrazowe (USG, TK, MRI). Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę w wczesnym wykrywaniu zmian, edukacji pacjentów oraz koordynacji opieki interdyscyplinarnej.

Wprowadzenie do nieczerniakowego raka skóry

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry (NMSC – non-melanoma skin cancer) jest najczęstszym typem nowotworu występującym na świecie i w Polsce. Obejmuje on grupę nowotworów rozwijających się w górnych warstwach skóry, z czego dwa główne typy to rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC – basal cell carcinoma) oraz rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC – squamous cell carcinoma). Szacuje się, że rocznie w Stanach Zjednoczonych diagnozuje się około 5,4 miliona przypadków NMSC u ponad 3,3 miliona osób, przy czym u wielu pacjentów występuje więcej niż jeden typ nowotworu skóry.12

Rak podstawnokomórkowy (BCC) stanowi około 70-80% wszystkich przypadków NMSC i rozwija się z komórek warstwy podstawnej naskórka. Jest to najczęstszy rodzaj nowotworu skóry, który zwykle rośnie powoli i rzadko daje przerzuty. Natomiast rak kolczystokomórkowy (SCC) jest drugim co do częstości występowania typem NMSC, rozwijającym się z komórek warstwy kolczystej naskórka, zwłaszcza w miejscach narażonych na długotrwałe działanie promieniowania UV.34

Wczesne rozpoznanie i odpowiednie leczenie nieczerniakowego raka skóry jest kluczowe, gdyż w przeciwieństwie do czerniaka, NMSC cechuje się niższym ryzykiem rozprzestrzeniania się do innych części ciała, a wczesna interwencja prowadzi często do całkowitego wyleczenia.56

Czynniki ryzyka i profilaktyka

Wśród głównych czynników ryzyka rozwoju nieczerniakowego raka skóry można wymienić:78

  • Nadmierna ekspozycja na promieniowanie ultrafioletowe (UV), szczególnie historia oparzeń słonecznych oraz życie w klimacie słonecznym
  • Jasna karnacja, jasne włosy i oczy
  • Rodzinne występowanie nowotworów skóry
  • Wcześniejsze przypadki raka skóry lub zmiany przednowotworowe
  • Ekspozycja na promieniowanie jonizujące
  • Osłabiony układ odpornościowy
  • Palenie tytoniu (zwiększa ryzyko raka kolczystokomórkowego, szczególnie na wargach)
  • Korzystanie z solariów i lamp opalających

Profilaktyka nieczerniakowego raka skóry obejmuje przede wszystkim ochronę przed promieniowaniem UV:910

  • Stosowanie kremów z filtrem przeciwsłonecznym o współczynniku SPF 30 lub wyższym, chroniących przed promieniowaniem UVA i UVB
  • Ograniczenie ekspozycji na słońce, szczególnie między godziną 10:00 a 16:00, kiedy promieniowanie UV jest najsilniejsze
  • Noszenie odzieży ochronnej, kapeluszy o szerokim rondzie i okularów przeciwsłonecznych
  • Unikanie solariów i lamp opalających
  • Regularne badanie własnej skóry i zgłaszanie lekarzowi wszelkich niepokojących zmian

Badania pokazują, że regularne, codzienne stosowanie kremu z filtrem przeciwsłonecznym o współczynniku SPF 15 lub wyższym może zmniejszyć ryzyko rozwoju raka kolczystokomórkowego o około 40%, gdy jest używany zgodnie z zaleceniami.11

Objawy i diagnostyka

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry najczęściej rozwija się na obszarach skóry narażonych na działanie słońca, takich jak głowa, twarz, szyja, uszy, ramiona, dłonie, tułów i nogi. Jednakże może również występować w miejscach rzadko wystawianych na słońce, w tym na dłoniach, podeszwach stóp, paznokciach lub narządach płciowych.1213

Charakterystyczne objawy BCC:

  • Błyszczące, perłowe lub woskowe guzki
  • Płaskie, różowawe lub czerwonawe zmiany
  • Niegojące się rany, które czasem krwawią
  • Zmiany podobne do blizn

Charakterystyczne objawy SCC:

  • Twarde, czerwone guzki
  • Łuszczące się, szorstkie plamy
  • Rany, które nie goją się lub powracają
  • Wzniesione narośla z centralnym zagłębieniem

Diagnoza nieczerniakowego raka skóry obejmuje:1415

  • Badanie dermatologiczne – dokładna ocena podejrzanej zmiany
  • Biopsja skóry – pobranie fragmentu tkanki do badania histopatologicznego
  • W niektórych przypadkach badania obrazowe (USG, TK, MRI) do oceny głębokości naciekania lub rozprzestrzeniania się nowotworu

Pielęgniarka powinna zwracać szczególną uwagę na zmiany skórne podczas rutynowych badań pacjenta i uczyć go samobadania skóry według zasady ABCDE (asymetria, brzegi, kolor, duży rozmiar, ewolucja).16

Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem z NMSC

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z nieczerniakowym rakiem skóry na wszystkich etapach choroby – od wczesnego wykrywania, przez diagnostykę, leczenie, aż po wsparcie w okresie rekonwalescencji.1718

Znaczenie pielęgniarstwa w profilaktyce i wczesnym wykrywaniu

Pielęgniarki są często pierwszymi osobami z personelu medycznego, które mogą zauważyć podejrzane zmiany skórne podczas rutynowych badań. Ich rola obejmuje:1920

  • Przeprowadzanie dokładnej oceny skóry pacjenta podczas badań
  • Edukację pacjentów w zakresie samobadania skóry i rozpoznawania podejrzanych zmian
  • Informowanie o czynnikach ryzyka i metodach profilaktyki raka skóry
  • Zachęcanie pacjentów z grupy wysokiego ryzyka do regularnych badań dermatologicznych

Wsparcie w trakcie diagnostyki i leczenia

Po zdiagnozowaniu NMSC, pielęgniarki stanowią istotne ogniwo wsparcia dla pacjentów:2122

  • Koordynacja opieki między różnymi specjalistami (dermatologami, onkologami, chirurgami)
  • Przygotowanie pacjenta do zabiegów diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych
  • Edukacja w zakresie planowanego leczenia, potencjalnych skutków ubocznych i opieki pooperacyjnej
  • Pielęgnacja ran pooperacyjnych i monitorowanie procesu gojenia
  • Ocena efektów leczenia i wczesne wykrywanie powikłań

Jak podkreśla literatura, pielęgniarki onkologiczne posiadają specjalistyczne przeszkolenie w zakresie opieki nad pacjentami z nowotworami, w tym NMSC, co pozwala im na zapewnienie kompleksowej opieki.2324

Wsparcie psychospołeczne

Diagnoza raka skóry może powodować znaczny stres i niepokój u pacjentów. Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w zapewnianiu wsparcia psychospołecznego:2526

  • Pomoc w radzeniu sobie z lękiem związanym z diagnozą nowotworową
  • Wsparcie emocjonalne podczas całego procesu leczenia
  • Kierowanie pacjentów do grup wsparcia lub konsultacji psychologicznych w razie potrzeby
  • Pomoc w akceptacji zmian w wyglądzie po zabiegach chirurgicznych
  • Edukacja rodziny i bliskich pacjenta w zakresie wspierania chorego

Badania pokazują, że pielęgniarki muszą być świadome często pomijanych psychospołecznych skutków NMSC, aby odpowiednio adresować te kwestie i zapewniać optymalną opiekę.27

Edukacja pacjenta i rodziny

Istotnym elementem opieki pielęgniarskiej jest edukacja pacjenta i jego rodziny, która powinna obejmować:2829

  • Informacje o naturze choroby i prognozach
  • Szczegółowe wyjaśnienie planowanego leczenia
  • Naukę prawidłowej pielęgnacji rany pooperacyjnej
  • Instrukcje dotyczące ochrony przed promieniowaniem UV po leczeniu
  • Informacje o objawach, które wymagają natychmiastowej konsultacji medycznej
  • Wskazówki dotyczące zdrowego stylu życia wspierającego proces leczenia

Edukacja powinna być dostosowana do indywidualnych potrzeb i możliwości percepcyjnych pacjenta oraz prowadzona w sposób ciągły na wszystkich etapach opieki.30

Metody leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry

Wybór metody leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry zależy od wielu czynników, w tym typu i stadium nowotworu, jego lokalizacji, głębokości naciekania, ogólnego stanu zdrowia pacjenta oraz jego preferencji. Multidyscyplinarny zespół opieki, w skład którego wchodzą dermatolodzy, onkolodzy, chirurdzy i pielęgniarki specjalistyczne, współpracuje, aby określić optymalny plan leczenia.3132

Metody chirurgiczne

Chirurgia jest najczęściej stosowaną metodą leczenia NMSC i obejmuje kilka technik:3334

  • Wycięcie chirurgiczne (excisional surgery) – usunięcie nowotworu wraz z marginesem zdrowej tkanki
  • Chirurgia mikrograficzna Mohsa – precyzyjna technika usuwania nowotworu warstwa po warstwie z jednoczesną kontrolą histopatologiczną, zapewniająca najwyższy wskaźnik wyleczenia (do 99% dla niektórych nowotworów skóry) przy maksymalnym oszczędzaniu zdrowej tkanki
  • Łyżeczkowanie i elektrodessykacja (curettage and electrodesiccation) – zeskrobanie nowotworu za pomocą łyżeczki chirurgicznej, a następnie przyżeganie podstawy zmiany prądem elektrycznym
  • Krioterapia – zniszczenie komórek nowotworowych przez zamrażanie, szczególnie skuteczna w cyklach zamrażania-rozmrażania
  • Chirurgia laserowa – wykorzystanie wąskiej wiązki światła do usunięcia lub zniszczenia komórek nowotworowych

Po zabiegach chirurgicznych czasem konieczne jest wykonanie przeszczepów skóry, aby zamknąć powstałe ubytki tkanek.35

Metody niechirurgiczne

W przypadkach, gdy chirurgia nie jest zalecana lub możliwa, stosuje się metody niechirurgiczne:3637

  • Radioterapia – wykorzystanie wysokoenergetycznego promieniowania do niszczenia komórek nowotworowych, szczególnie przydatna w leczeniu zmian w trudno dostępnych miejscach (okolice oczu, nos, czoło)
  • Terapia fotodynamiczna – zastosowanie leków światłoczułych i źródła światła do eliminacji komórek nowotworowych
  • Leczenie miejscowe – stosowanie kremów zawierających substancje przeciwnowotworowe (5-fluorouracyl, imikwimod) w przypadku zmian powierzchownych
  • Immunoterapia – zastosowanie leków wspomagających układ odpornościowy w rozpoznawaniu i niszczeniu komórek nowotworowych
  • Terapia celowana – stosowanie leków ukierunkowanych na specyficzne cechy komórek nowotworowych, np. inhibitory ścieżki Hh w leczeniu zaawansowanego BCC

W leczeniu zaawansowanych lub przerzutowych nowotworów skóry coraz częściej stosuje się immunoterapię z użyciem inhibitorów punktów kontrolnych (np. inhibitory PD-1), która zrewolucjonizowała podejście do leczenia tych przypadków.3839

Dobór metody leczenia

Wybór odpowiedniej metody leczenia powinien uwzględniać:4041

  • Typ histologiczny nowotworu
  • Lokalizację zmiany i jej rozmiar
  • Głębokość naciekania
  • Ryzyko nawrotu
  • Stan ogólny pacjenta i choroby współistniejące
  • Preferencje pacjenta dotyczące metody leczenia i akceptowalnych efektów ubocznych
  • Potencjalny efekt kosmetyczny i funkcjonalny po leczeniu

Warto podkreślić, że u pacjentów z ograniczoną przewidywaną długością życia (LLE – limited life expectancy) decyzje terapeutyczne powinny być szczególnie wyważone, biorąc pod uwagę, że korzyści z inwazyjnego leczenia mogą nie wystąpić w ciągu pozostałego życia pacjenta, podczas gdy ryzyko powikłań jest natychmiastowe.42

Rola pielęgniarki w opiece okołooperacyjnej

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece okołooperacyjnej u pacjentów poddawanych zabiegom z powodu NMSC.4344

Opieka przedoperacyjna

  • Ocena stanu pacjenta przed zabiegiem, w tym ocena ryzyka powikłań
  • Przygotowanie psychiczne i fizyczne pacjenta do zabiegu
  • Edukacja pacjenta odnośnie planowanej procedury, oczekiwanego przebiegu i opieki pooperacyjnej
  • Uzyskanie świadomej zgody na zabieg po upewnieniu się, że pacjent rozumie jego istotę i możliwe konsekwencje
  • Przygotowanie miejsca operowanego zgodnie z protokołem

Opieka pooperacyjna

  • Monitorowanie stanu pacjenta po zabiegu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem miejsca operowanego
  • Profesjonalna pielęgnacja rany pooperacyjnej zgodnie z zaleceniami
  • Wczesne wykrywanie i raportowanie objawów powikłań, takich jak krwawienie, infekcja, zwiększony ból czy obrzęk
  • Edukacja pacjenta w zakresie samopielęgnacji rany w warunkach domowych
  • Instruktaż dotyczący przyjmowania leków przeciwbólowych i innych zaleconych środków

Pielęgniarki powinny zwracać szczególną uwagę na potencjalne powikłania chirurgicznego leczenia NMSC, które mogą obejmować: krwawienie, swędzenie, ból, obrzęk, infekcję, większą niż oczekiwano ranę, utratę funkcji nerwów, ryzyko zniekształcenia oraz ryzyko nawrotu guza po usunięciu.45

Opieka nad pacjentami poddawanymi metodom niechirurgicznym

W przypadku pacjentów leczonych metodami niechirurgicznymi, rola pielęgniarki obejmuje:4647

  • Przygotowanie pacjenta do radioterapii, fotodynamicznej terapii lub innych zabiegów
  • Edukację dotyczącą spodziewanych efektów ubocznych i sposobów radzenia sobie z nimi
  • Monitorowanie reakcji skórnych podczas i po leczeniu
  • Instruktaż dotyczący prawidłowego stosowania leków miejscowych (kremy, maści) w warunkach domowych
  • Wsparcie pacjenta w przestrzeganiu zaleconego schematu leczenia

Opieka długoterminowa i monitorowanie

Po zakończeniu leczenia nieczerniakowego raka skóry konieczna jest regularna obserwacja i dalsza opieka. Pielęgniarki odgrywają istotną rolę w długoterminowym monitorowaniu pacjentów.4849

Wizyty kontrolne

Regularne wizyty kontrolne są niezbędne dla wczesnego wykrycia ewentualnego nawrotu choroby lub pojawienia się nowych zmian nowotworowych. Ryzyko nawrotu NMSC jest największe w ciągu pierwszych 3 lat dla BCC i 2 lat dla SCC.50

  • Planowanie i przypominanie pacjentom o terminach wizyt kontrolnych
  • Przeprowadzanie wstępnej oceny stanu skóry podczas wizyt
  • Dokumentowanie zmian w wyglądzie blizn pooperacyjnych i innych obszarów skóry
  • Edukacja pacjenta w zakresie samoobserwacji i natychmiastowego zgłaszania niepokojących objawów

Edukacja w zakresie profilaktyki wtórnej

Pacjenci po przebytym NMSC mają zwiększone ryzyko rozwoju kolejnych nowotworów skóry, dlatego szczególnie istotna jest edukacja w zakresie profilaktyki:5152

  • Podkreślanie znaczenia ochrony przed promieniowaniem UV, w tym stosowania kremów z filtrem (SPF 30+)
  • Zalecanie noszenia odzieży ochronnej, kapeluszy i okularów przeciwsłonecznych
  • Przypominanie o unikaniu ekspozycji na słońce w godzinach największego nasłonecznienia
  • Całkowity zakaz korzystania z solariów i lamp opalających
  • Instruktaż dotyczący regularnego samobadania skóry

Wsparcie w radzeniu sobie z następstwami leczenia

Leczenie NMSC, szczególnie chirurgiczne, może prowadzić do zmian w wyglądzie, które mogą mieć wpływ na jakość życia pacjentów. Pielęgniarki oferują wsparcie w:5354

  • Akceptacji blizn pooperacyjnych
  • Zarządzaniu długoterminowymi skutkami ubocznymi leczenia
  • Poradnictwie dotyczącym możliwości maskowania defektów kosmetycznych
  • Kierowaniu do specjalistów w razie potrzeby (psycholog, grupa wsparcia)
  • Powrocie do normalnej aktywności i funkcjonowania społecznego

W niektórych przypadkach pacjenci mogą rozważyć stosowanie kamuflaży kosmetycznych do maskowania blizn. Personel pielęgniarski może doradzać w tym zakresie lub skierować pacjenta do specjalisty.55

Holistyczne podejście do opieki nad pacjentem z NMSC

Kompleksowa opieka nad pacjentem z nieczerniakowym rakiem skóry wymaga holistycznego podejścia, uwzględniającego nie tylko aspekty medyczne, ale również psychospołeczne i edukacyjne.5657

Interdyscyplinarny zespół terapeutyczny

Optymalna opieka nad pacjentem z NMSC wymaga współpracy różnych specjalistów:5859

  • Dermatolog – diagnozuje i często leczy nieczerniakowe nowotwory skóry
  • Chirurg – wykonuje zabiegi usunięcia zmian nowotworowych
  • Onkolog – zajmuje się leczeniem systemowym w przypadkach zaawansowanych
  • Radioterapeuta – planuje i nadzoruje leczenie radioterapią
  • Pielęgniarka onkologiczna – zapewnia ciągłość opieki i edukację pacjenta
  • Psycholog – wspiera pacjenta w radzeniu sobie z emocjonalnymi aspektami choroby

Efektywna koordynacja opieki między tymi specjalistami jest kluczowa dla uzyskania szybkiej diagnozy i wdrożenia optymalnego leczenia. Panel ekspertów podkreśla rolę multidyscyplinarnych konsyliów w optymalizacji opieki onkologicznej w przypadku nieczerniakowych nowotworów skóry.60

Wsparcie psychospołeczne w procesie leczenia

Diagnoza raka, nawet nieczerniakowego raka skóry, może wywołać znaczny stres u pacjentów. Kompleksowa opieka pielęgniarska uwzględnia:6162

  • Rozpoznawanie i adresowanie lęków związanych z diagnozą
  • Indywidualne podejście uwzględniające specyficzne potrzeby pacjenta
  • Włączanie rodziny i bliskich w proces wsparcia pacjenta
  • Informowanie o dostępnych grupach wsparcia i zasobach społecznościowych
  • Pomoc w radzeniu sobie z potencjalnymi zmianami w wyglądzie i obrazie własnego ciała

Edukacja jako kluczowy element opieki

Edukacja stanowi fundament skutecznej opieki nad pacjentem z NMSC i obejmuje:6364

  • Informowanie o naturze choroby i dostępnych metodach leczenia
  • Wyjaśnianie znaczenia regularnych badań kontrolnych
  • Edukację w zakresie samobadania skóry
  • Promowanie zdrowego stylu życia wspierającego proces leczenia
  • Informowanie o dostępnych badaniach klinicznych i nowych metodach leczenia

Lekarze pierwszego kontaktu i pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w edukacji pacjentów na temat minimalizacji ekspozycji na słońce, co ma fundamentalne znaczenie w profilaktyce raka skóry.65

Wsparcie w poprawie jakości życia

Pielęgniarki powinny być świadome specyficznych obaw dotyczących jakości życia u pacjentów z NMSC i zapewniać odpowiednie wsparcie psychospołeczne i informacyjne.66 Wsparcie to może obejmować:

  • Pomoc w adaptacji do zmian w wyglądzie po leczeniu
  • Wskazówki dotyczące poprawy komfortu fizycznego podczas leczenia
  • Porady dotyczące radzenia sobie z potencjalnymi ograniczeniami funkcjonalnymi
  • Informacje o dostępnych programach wsparcia dla osób po leczeniu nowotworowym

Niektóre placówki oferują specjalne programy dla osób, które przeszły leczenie nowotworowe, pomagające w przejściu do normalnego życia po zakończeniu terapii.67

Współczesne wyzwania i kierunki rozwoju w opiece nad pacjentem z NMSC

Opieka nad pacjentami z nieczerniakowym rakiem skóry stale ewoluuje, a pielęgniarki muszą być na bieżąco z nowymi trendami i wyzwaniami w tej dziedzinie.6869

Nowe metody terapeutyczne

Rozwój nowych terapii wpływa na zmianę paradygmatu leczenia NMSC:7071

  • Badania nad terapiami celowanymi o wyższej skuteczności i mniejszej liczbie działań niepożądanych
  • Postęp w immunoterapii, która zrewolucjonizowała leczenie zaawansowanych przypadków NMSC
  • Rozwój nieinwazyjnych metod diagnostycznych
  • Pojawianie się nowych opcji leczenia dla pacjentów niekwalifikujących się do zabiegów chirurgicznych

Pielęgniarki powinny śledzić te zmiany, aby móc dostarczać pacjentom aktualnych informacji i zapewniać odpowiednią opiekę podczas stosowania nowych terapii.72

Indywidualizacja opieki

Współczesne podejście do opieki nad pacjentem z NMSC kładzie nacisk na personalizację:7374

  • Dostosowanie planu leczenia do specyficznych cech nowotworu i preferencji pacjenta
  • Uwzględnianie współistniejących chorób i wieku pacjenta w planowaniu terapii
  • Oferowanie alternatywnych metod leczenia pacjentom, dla których standardowe podejście nie jest optymalne
  • Włączanie pacjenta w podejmowanie decyzji dotyczących leczenia

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w tym procesie, pomagając pacjentom zrozumieć dostępne opcje i wspierając ich w dokonywaniu świadomych wyborów.75

Znaczenie badań klinicznych

Badania kliniczne są istotnym elementem postępu w leczeniu NMSC:7677

  • Stwarzają możliwość dostępu do innowacyjnych terapii dla pacjentów, u których standardowe leczenie nie przynosi efektów
  • Przyczyniają się do rozwoju wiedzy na temat optymalnej opieki nad pacjentami z NMSC
  • Mogą zapewnić skuteczniejsze leczenie i poprawę jakości życia

Pielęgniarki powinny informować pacjentów o możliwości udziału w badaniach klinicznych i wspomagać ich w procesie podejmowania decyzji w tym zakresie.78

Standardyzacja opieki

Opracowywanie i wdrażanie standardów postępowania jest ważnym krokiem w zapewnieniu wysokiej jakości opieki nad pacjentami z NMSC:7980

  • Tworzenie wytycznych klinicznych opartych na dowodach naukowych
  • Standaryzacja protokołów leczenia, szczególnie w zakresie nowych technologii
  • Ustalanie jasnych kryteriów kwalifikacji do poszczególnych metod terapeutycznych
  • Opracowywanie standardów opieki pielęgniarskiej nad pacjentami z NMSC

Standaryzacja pozwala na podejmowanie decyzji terapeutycznych w oparciu o najlepsze dostępne dowody, co przekłada się na poprawę wyników leczenia i zwiększenie poczucia bezpieczeństwa pacjentów.81

Podsumowanie

Nieczerniakowy rak skóry jest najczęstszym nowotworem występującym u ludzi, a jego częstość stale rośnie. Chociaż rzadko zagraża życiu, wymaga odpowiedniego rozpoznania i leczenia, by zapobiec miejscowemu niszczeniu tkanek i potencjalnym przerzutom. Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z NMSC na wszystkich etapach choroby – od wczesnego wykrywania, przez wsparcie w trakcie leczenia, aż po długoterminową obserwację i edukację w zakresie profilaktyki.8283

Holistyczne podejście do opieki, uwzględniające nie tylko aspekty medyczne, ale również psychospołeczne, jest niezbędne dla zapewnienia pacjentom optymalnego wsparcia i poprawy jakości ich życia. Pielęgniarki, jako integralny element interdyscyplinarnego zespołu terapeutycznego, muszą posiadać aktualną wiedzę na temat dostępnych metod leczenia, potencjalnych powikłań oraz specyficznych potrzeb pacjentów z NMSC.84

Stały rozwój metod diagnostycznych i terapeutycznych w dziedzinie onkologii skóry stawia przed pielęgniarkami wyzwanie ciągłego doskonalenia umiejętności i poszerzania wiedzy. Jednakże, niezależnie od postępu technologicznego, empatia, wsparcie psychospołeczne i edukacja pacjenta pozostają fundamentalnymi elementami profesjonalnej opieki pielęgniarskiej w przypadku pacjentów z nieczerniakowym rakiem skóry.85

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics
    https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/
    More than 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were treated in over 3.3 million people in the U.S. in 2012, still considered the best estimate to date. […] The diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the U.S. increased by 77 percent between 1994 and 2014. […] About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer. An estimated 3.6 million cases of BCC are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. […] Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. Approximately 1.8 million cases of SCC are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. […] More than 5,400 people worldwide die of nonmelanoma skin cancer every month. […] Organ transplant patients are approximately 100 times more likely than the general public to develop squamous cell carcinoma. […] One study found that regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by about 40 percent when used as directed. […] About 3,000 new cases of Merkel cell carcinoma occur in the U.S. each year. About 40 percent of cases recur.
  • #2 Non-Melanoma Cancer | Diagnosis and Treatment
    https://www.genesiscareus.com/en/condition/cancer/non-melanoma-cancer
    Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in the US. Each year, it is estimated there will be 5.4 million non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) diagnosed in the US, with some people being diagnosed with more than one type of NMSC. […] Despite the high occurrence of NMSC, almost all can be successfully treated. Unlike many other cancers, theres a low risk of NMSC spreading to other parts of the body. This means early diagnosis and treatment can result in a positive outcome for most people. […] NMSCs are a group of skin cancers that develop in the upper layers of your skin. They can occur anywhere on the skin, though theyre most commonly found on parts of the body that have experienced long-term sun exposure like the head, face, neck, arms, legs, and back of the hands. […] Lack of sun protection is one of the highest risks of developing NMSC.
  • #3 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma.html
    Nonmelanoma skin cancer includes all skin cancer types that arent melanoma. Stanford Health Cares skin cancer specialists treat every type and stage of nonmelanoma skin cancer with exceptional outcomes. Our doctors are also globally recognized scientists leading the development of new skin cancer technologies and techniques not yet available at other centers. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancers comprise most skin cancer cases. When caught early, they are usually curable. The most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer typically appears as unusual spots or sores on areas of the skin exposed to the sun. However, nonmelanoma can also develop in unexposed areas, including the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, fingernails, or toenails.
  • #4 The management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer: a review for the primary care physician – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11761506/
    In the United States, the incidence of skin cancer is greater than that of all other cancers combined, and early diagnosis can be lifesaving. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (known collectively as nonmelanoma skin cancer) and malignant melanoma are the most common cutaneous malignancies. […] Treatment has 3 goals: complete eradication of the cancer and preservation or restoration of normal function and cosmesis. […] The standard treatment approaches are superficial ablative techniques (electro-desiccation and curettage and cryotherapy) used primarily for low-risk tumors and full-thickness techniques (Mohs micrographic surgery, excisional surgery, and radiotherapy) used to treat high-risk tumors. […] Removal of the entire tumor is essential to limit and prevent tumor recurrence.
  • #5 Non-Melanoma Cancer | Diagnosis and Treatment
    https://www.genesiscareus.com/en/condition/cancer/non-melanoma-cancer
    Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in the US. Each year, it is estimated there will be 5.4 million non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) diagnosed in the US, with some people being diagnosed with more than one type of NMSC. […] Despite the high occurrence of NMSC, almost all can be successfully treated. Unlike many other cancers, theres a low risk of NMSC spreading to other parts of the body. This means early diagnosis and treatment can result in a positive outcome for most people. […] NMSCs are a group of skin cancers that develop in the upper layers of your skin. They can occur anywhere on the skin, though theyre most commonly found on parts of the body that have experienced long-term sun exposure like the head, face, neck, arms, legs, and back of the hands. […] Lack of sun protection is one of the highest risks of developing NMSC.
  • #6 Skin cancer (non-melanoma) | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/cancer/cancer-types-in-adults/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/
    Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Non-melanoma skin cancer refers to a group of cancers that slowly develop in the upper layers of the skin. […] Speak to your GP if you have any skin abnormality that hasn’t healed after 4 weeks. Although it is unlikely to be skin cancer, it is best to be sure. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. This involves removing the cancerous tumour and some of the surrounding skin. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer is generally successful as, unlike most other types of cancer, there is a considerably lower risk that the cancer will spread to other parts of the body. […] People with cancer should be cared for by a team of specialists that often includes a dermatologist, a plastic surgeon, an oncologist (a radiotherapy and chemotherapy specialist), a pathologist and a specialist nurse. […] Your cancer team will recommend what they think is the best treatment option, but the final decision will be yours. […] Regularly checking your skin for signs of skin cancer can help lead to an early diagnosis and increase your chances of successful treatment.
  • #7 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma.html
    Symptoms may include: Bleeding at the spot or sore, A scab or crust that doesnt heal after bleeding, A mole that is growing faster than others. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer risk factors include: Excessive exposure to the sun, including a history of sunburns and living in a sunny climate, Fair skin and light-colored eyes and hair, Family history of skin cancer, Personal history of skin cancer or precancerous lesions (areas of abnormal cells), Radiation exposure, Weakened immune system. […] The most common forms of nonmelanoma skin cancer are: Basal cell carcinoma: This type comprises the majority of skin cancer cases. It starts in the top layer of skin (basal cell layer), grows very slowly, and rarely spreads. Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the second most common type of skin cancer. It occurs most often in fair-skinned and elderly people.
  • #8 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Risk Factors
    https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Surgical/3,16258
    Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Risk Factors […] It isnt always clear why a person gets cancer. But experts know that certain risk factors can raise your odds. Learning about your own risk factors for skin cancer can help you protect your future health. Heres what you should know. […] What can put you at risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer? […] Common risk factors we can control include: […] Sun exposure. The suns ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the cells in your skin, which might lead to skin cancer. This risk is even greater for those who live closer to the equator or at higher altitudes, where the suns rays are stronger. Choosing to limit time spent in the sun and protect your skin can help lower your chances for skin cancer. […] Tanning booths or beds and sunlamps. These artificial sources of UV rays can raise your risk, especially if you used them before the age of 30. If you fall into this category, thats OK. You can keep your risk as low as possible going forward.
  • #9
    https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1353164&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=1353059
    Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer. It may begin in or near a mole that changes in color, shape, or size. Nonmelanoma skin cancers include basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. […] The most common type of skin cancer, basal cell cancer, typically appears on skin that’s had a lot of sun exposure, such as the face and neck. Your chances of getting basal cell skin cancer increase with age, but it’s becoming more common in younger people. […] Most basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers can be removed with surgery. Whether you need other treatments depends on the cancer’s location, cell type, and depth, and whether it’s spread to other parts of the body. […] To protect yourself: Avoid any unnecessary exposure to sun, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Whenever you go outdoors, protect your skin with long-sleeved clothes and wide-brimmed hats. Choose a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 and protection against ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. Protect your skin even on cloudy days; clouds don’t block out ultraviolet rays. Reapply water-resistant sunscreen after swimming or sweating profusely, or every 2 to 3 hours. Wear wraparound sunglasses with lenses that filter out both UVA and UVB rays. Stay away from tanning booths and sun lamps.
  • #10 Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Non-melanoma skin cancer | Cancer Council
    https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/non-melanoma-skin-cancer
    Non-melanoma cancer can also be removed by cryotherapy (using liquid nitrogen to rapidly freeze the cancer off), curettage (scraping) or cautery (burning). […] Depending on your treatment, your treatment team may consist of a number of different health professionals, such as: GP (General Practitioner) – looks after your general health and works with your specialists to coordinate treatment. […] There is no organised screening program for non-melanoma skin cancers. People should be aware of their skin and see a doctor if there are any significant changes, such as changes to moles, freckles and spots on the skin. […] Avoid sunburn by minimising sun exposure when the SunSmart UV Index is 3 or above and especially in the middle of the day when UV levels are most intense. Seek shade, wear a hat that covers the head, neck and ears, wear sun protective clothing and close-fitting sunglasses, and wear an SPF50 or SPF50+ sunscreen. […] An individual’s prognosis depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as their age and general health at the time of diagnosis. The majority of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are successfully treated.
  • #11 Skin Cancer Facts & Statistics
    https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/
    More than 5.4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer were treated in over 3.3 million people in the U.S. in 2012, still considered the best estimate to date. […] The diagnosis and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers in the U.S. increased by 77 percent between 1994 and 2014. […] About 90 percent of nonmelanoma skin cancers are associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. […] Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer. An estimated 3.6 million cases of BCC are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. […] Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. Approximately 1.8 million cases of SCC are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. […] More than 5,400 people worldwide die of nonmelanoma skin cancer every month. […] Organ transplant patients are approximately 100 times more likely than the general public to develop squamous cell carcinoma. […] One study found that regular daily use of an SPF 15 or higher sunscreen reduces the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by about 40 percent when used as directed. […] About 3,000 new cases of Merkel cell carcinoma occur in the U.S. each year. About 40 percent of cases recur.
  • #12 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma.html
    Nonmelanoma skin cancer includes all skin cancer types that arent melanoma. Stanford Health Cares skin cancer specialists treat every type and stage of nonmelanoma skin cancer with exceptional outcomes. Our doctors are also globally recognized scientists leading the development of new skin cancer technologies and techniques not yet available at other centers. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancers comprise most skin cancer cases. When caught early, they are usually curable. The most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer typically appears as unusual spots or sores on areas of the skin exposed to the sun. However, nonmelanoma can also develop in unexposed areas, including the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, fingernails, or toenails.
  • #13 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Overview
    https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Surgical/35,FAQSkinCancernonMelanoma
    Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U.S. The most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancers are called keratinocyte cancers. These cancers have 2 main types called basal cell skin cancer and squamous cell skin cancer. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about your risk factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer and what you can do about them. […] There is no sure way to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer. But there are some things that may help lower your risk for it, such as: Wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer often develops in areas exposed to the sun, such as the head, face, neck, rim of your ear, arms, hands, trunk of your body (chest, abdomen, and back), and legs. […] Diagnosing skin cancer starts with checking out a bump, spot, or other mark on your skin.
  • #14 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma.html
    The best way to prevent skin cancer is to limit your exposure to the sun, specifically: Use sunscreen. Make sure to follow instructions about how much to apply and how often to re-apply it, Wear a hat, Wear clothes that cover your skin, including your arms and legs. Light-colored clothes can keep you cooler, Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes. […] Your doctor reviews your prior health records and completes a physical exam, including a thorough examination of your skin. Your doctor may recommend specific tests, including: Skin biopsy, Imaging tests, Lab tests.
  • #15 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Overview
    https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Surgical/35,FAQSkinCancernonMelanoma
    Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U.S. The most common type of nonmelanoma skin cancers are called keratinocyte cancers. These cancers have 2 main types called basal cell skin cancer and squamous cell skin cancer. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about your risk factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer and what you can do about them. […] There is no sure way to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer. But there are some things that may help lower your risk for it, such as: Wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer often develops in areas exposed to the sun, such as the head, face, neck, rim of your ear, arms, hands, trunk of your body (chest, abdomen, and back), and legs. […] Diagnosing skin cancer starts with checking out a bump, spot, or other mark on your skin.
  • #16 Skin Cancer Nursing NCLEX Review
    https://www.registerednursern.com/skin-cancer-nursing-nclex-review/
    In this lecture we will review nonmelanoma and melanoma types of skin cancer. […] Nonmelanoma includes: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma. […] Nursing Interventions for Skin Cancer: We play a vital role in detection and education! […] Asses the patient for any areas on the skin that doesnt heal, itchy, or changes colors, and teach the patient to report this immediately to their doctor. […] Perform a thorough skin assessment and identify possible cancerous lesionsfollow the ABCDE assessment (teach the patient to do this monthly): […] Prevention (teach this to the patient): Avoid direct sun exposure between 10 am 4 pm (sun rays are the strongest during these times). […] Treatment depends on the type of cancer and stage. However, the cancerous tissue will be removed (there are various ways to do this).
  • #17 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Disease-Specific Quality-of-Life Concerns and Distress | Oncology Nursing Society
    https://onf.ons.org/publications-research/onf/41/1/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-disease-specific-quality-life-concerns-and
    Purpose/Objectives: To provide a better understanding of the disease-specific quality-of-life (QOL) concerns of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Implications for Nursing: Nurses are in a position to provide pivotal psychosocial and informational support to patients, so they need to be aware of the often-overlooked psychosocial effects of NMSC to address these issues and provide optimal care.
  • #18 Non-melanoma skin cancer and the care patients need
    https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/feature/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-and-the-care-patients-need-ns.37.2.56.s23
    Nurses are an important source of support for patients with these lesions because the physical and emotional impact of diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the UK and incidence is rising.
  • #19 Skin Cancer Nursing NCLEX Review
    https://www.registerednursern.com/skin-cancer-nursing-nclex-review/
    In this lecture we will review nonmelanoma and melanoma types of skin cancer. […] Nonmelanoma includes: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma. […] Nursing Interventions for Skin Cancer: We play a vital role in detection and education! […] Asses the patient for any areas on the skin that doesnt heal, itchy, or changes colors, and teach the patient to report this immediately to their doctor. […] Perform a thorough skin assessment and identify possible cancerous lesionsfollow the ABCDE assessment (teach the patient to do this monthly): […] Prevention (teach this to the patient): Avoid direct sun exposure between 10 am 4 pm (sun rays are the strongest during these times). […] Treatment depends on the type of cancer and stage. However, the cancerous tissue will be removed (there are various ways to do this).
  • #20 Practice Nursing – Skin cancer: getting back to basics
    https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/skin-cancer-getting-back-to-basics/
    Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the UK. […] Skin cancer is an umbrella term for two main sub-types: melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)), which are named after their cell origin. […] However, non-melanoma cancers are responsible for significant disease burden and account for 90% of all skin cancers registered in the UK and Ireland. […] The burden of disease is relentless and on the increase; therefore, health professionals must educate themselves to better screen for skin cancers, provide advice to patients and ensure they are referred appropriately and receive timely care.
  • #21
    https://www.accc-cancer.org/home/learn/cancer-types/skin-cancer/advanced-non-melanoma-skin-cancers/care-coordination-for-patients-with-advanced-non-melanoma-skin-cancers
    Timely diagnosis and treatment for patients with advanced non-melanoma skin cancer is key to improving outcomes and quality of life for this patient population. […] Effective care coordination between oncologists, dermatologists, and all members of the multidisciplinary care team is vital to achieving prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early referrals are an essential component of high-quality care for advanced non-melanoma skin cancers. […] Early diagnosis and timely referral to oncology are crucial for patients with advanced non-melanoma skin cancer to improve their clinical outcomes, treatment opportunities, and quality of life. Learn about the key role dermatologists play in the referral process and how to foster strong relationships between oncologists and dermatologists.
  • #22 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Medical oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training to treat cancer with medicines such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. […] Radiation oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training to treat cancer with radiation therapy. […] Dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in skin disease treatment, including nonmelanoma cancers like squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and precancers. […] Oncology nurse. This is a nurse with special training to take care of people with cancer. […] You may also have physician assistants or nurse practitioners as a part of your healthcare team. Your team will answer any questions you may have. Theyll help you through each of the steps youll take before, during, and after treatment. Your team will let you know what tests you need and the results of those tests. Theyll guide you in making treatment decisions and help prepare you and your loved ones for whats ahead.
  • #23 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Medical oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training to treat cancer with medicines such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy. […] Radiation oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training to treat cancer with radiation therapy. […] Dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in skin disease treatment, including nonmelanoma cancers like squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and precancers. […] Oncology nurse. This is a nurse with special training to take care of people with cancer. […] You may also have physician assistants or nurse practitioners as a part of your healthcare team. Your team will answer any questions you may have. Theyll help you through each of the steps youll take before, during, and after treatment. Your team will let you know what tests you need and the results of those tests. Theyll guide you in making treatment decisions and help prepare you and your loved ones for whats ahead.
  • #24 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.methodisthealthsystem.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/MentalHealth/34,BSkiD2
    Most nonmelanoma skin cancer can be treated by a dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in treating disease of the skin. […] Dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in skin disease treatment, including nonmelanoma cancers like squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and precancers. […] Oncology nurse. This is a nurse with special training to take care of people with cancer.
  • #25 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed […] Being told you have skin cancer can be scary, and you may have many questions. But you have people on your healthcare team to help. […] Coping with fear […] Its normal to feel afraid. Learning about your cancer and about the treatment choices you have can make you feel less afraid. This also helps you work with your healthcare team and make the best choices for your treatment. You can also ask to speak with a counselor. […] Working with your healthcare team […] Most nonmelanoma skin cancer can be treated by a dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in treating disease of the skin. If your cancer is more advanced, you may also have other types of healthcare providers on your team. These may include: […] Surgical oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training in surgery to treat cancer.
  • #26 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Learning about treatment choices […] To decide the best course of treatment for you, your healthcare team needs to know as much as they can about your cancer. This may mean getting some tests and working with more than one healthcare provider or other type of healthcare professional. And you may decide that you want to get a second opinion to help you choose a treatment. […] Getting support […] Coping with cancer can be stressful. You can talk with your healthcare team about seeing a counselor. They can refer you to someone who can help. You can also visit support groups to talk with other people coping with cancer. Ask your healthcare team about local and online support groups.
  • #27 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Disease-Specific Quality-of-Life Concerns and Distress | Oncology Nursing Society
    https://onf.ons.org/publications-research/onf/41/1/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-disease-specific-quality-life-concerns-and
    Purpose/Objectives: To provide a better understanding of the disease-specific quality-of-life (QOL) concerns of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Implications for Nursing: Nurses are in a position to provide pivotal psychosocial and informational support to patients, so they need to be aware of the often-overlooked psychosocial effects of NMSC to address these issues and provide optimal care.
  • #28 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Overview
    https://chnola.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Wellness/Behavior/35,FAQSkinCancernonMelanoma
    Diagnosing skin cancer starts with checking out a bump, spot, or other mark on your skin. If your healthcare provider thinks you may have nonmelanoma skin cancer, you will need certain exams and tests. […] Your treatment choices depend on the type of nonmelanoma skin cancer, how large the skin cancer is, where it is, and what stage it is. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer may be treated with: Surgery, creams applied to the affected area, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about side effects you might have and ways to manage them. […] Most nonmelanoma cancers are not life-threatening and can be treated by a dermatologist. However, people may worry or feel stressed when dealing with nonmelanoma cancer. […] Cancer treatment is also hard on the body. To help yourself stay healthier, try to eat a healthy diet, with a focus on high-protein foods, drink plenty of water, and keep physically active.
  • #29 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Risk Factors
    https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Surgical/3,16258
    Smoking. People who smoke are more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer, especially on the lips. Quitting is not easy though. Ask your healthcare provider to help you get started. […] What are your risk factors? […] Talk with your healthcare provider about your personal risk factors for nonmelanoma skin cancer. They can help offer ideas to reduce your risk as much as possible. They may advise having skin exams or doing monthly skin exams for yourself at home. […] Protect your skin now so you have a better chance of preventing future skin problems.
  • #30 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Overview
    https://chnola.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Wellness/Behavior/35,FAQSkinCancernonMelanoma
    Diagnosing skin cancer starts with checking out a bump, spot, or other mark on your skin. If your healthcare provider thinks you may have nonmelanoma skin cancer, you will need certain exams and tests. […] Your treatment choices depend on the type of nonmelanoma skin cancer, how large the skin cancer is, where it is, and what stage it is. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer may be treated with: Surgery, creams applied to the affected area, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. […] Talk with your healthcare provider about side effects you might have and ways to manage them. […] Most nonmelanoma cancers are not life-threatening and can be treated by a dermatologist. However, people may worry or feel stressed when dealing with nonmelanoma cancer. […] Cancer treatment is also hard on the body. To help yourself stay healthier, try to eat a healthy diet, with a focus on high-protein foods, drink plenty of water, and keep physically active.
  • #31 Nonmelanoma skin cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20579827
    Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your nonmelanoma skin cancer-related health concerns […] Treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer depends on the size, type and location of the cancer. How deep the cancer has grown into the skin also makes a difference. Small nonmelanoma skin cancers on the surface of the skin may not require treatment beyond a skin biopsy that removes the entire growth. […] If other treatment is needed, options may include: Surgery often can remove nonmelanoma skin cancer. In some situations, an area of healthy tissue around the cancer also may need to be removed. […] Nonmelanoma skin cancer care at Mayo Clinic.
  • #32 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] The specialist care team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects. […] You’ll have regular check-ups during and after any treatments. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
  • #33 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer – Diagnosis & Treatment | Mount Sinai – New York
    https://www.mountsinai.org/care/cancer/services/skin/what-is/non-melanoma
    Non-melanoma skin cancer is a dangerous form of skin cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. There are several types of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Depending on the type of skin cancer, the treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cancer cells. […] For each of the types of non-melanoma cancers, there are low-risk and high-risk occurrences. Specific treatments will be based on the level of risk for recurrence. […] Most BCCs are treated with one of the following localized procedures: Mohs surgery, Excisional surgery, Radiation therapy, Photodynamic therapy (light), Topical therapies, Cryosurgery (killing cancer cells by freezing them), Electrodesiccation (using electricity to scrape cancer cells away). […] Over 95 percent of squamous cell carcinoma cases are effectively treated by your doctor by surgically removing the cancerous tissue. One such procedure is Mohs surgery. […] Chemotherapy is an option if your squamous cell carcinoma cannot be treated surgically. Advanced squamous cell carcinoma is rare and must be managed by your experienced medical team.
  • #34 Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Non-melanoma skin cancer | Cancer Council
    https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/non-melanoma-skin-cancer
    Non-melanoma skin cancers, now called keratinocyte cancers, are the most common cancers in Australia, however most are not life-threatening. […] The type of treatment depends on the type and size of the cancer and where it is located. […] Surgery is the most common treatment. Non-melanoma skin cancers are almost always removed (usually under a local anaesthetic). In more advanced skin cancers, some of the surrounding tissue may also be removed to make sure that all of the cancerous cells have been taken. […] Most non-melanoma cancer can be treated with chemotherapy that is applied to the skin as an ointment or cream. This type of treatment is for skin cancers that affect the top layer of skin. […] Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) is generally used to treat skin cancers in areas near the eyes or on the nose or forehead, which are difficult to treat with surgery. This treatment uses x-rays to kill cancer cells.
  • #35 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Treatment Options – Blue Ridge Cancer Care
    https://blueridgecancercare.com/disease-drug-information/types-of-cancer/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer/treatment-options/
    Cryosurgery is often used for people who are not able to have other types of surgery. […] Laser surgery uses a narrow beam of light to remove or destroy cancer cells. […] Grafts are sometimes needed to close an opening in the skin left by surgery. […] Chemotherapy uses anticancer drugs to kill skin cancer cells. […] Most often, the drug comes in a cream or lotion. […] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a chemical along with a special light source, such as a laser light, to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. […] Radiation is not a common treatment for skin cancer. But it may be used for skin cancer in areas where surgery could be difficult or leave a bad scar.
  • #36 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] The specialist care team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects. […] You’ll have regular check-ups during and after any treatments. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
  • #37 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
    Immunotherapy medicines help your immune system find and kill cancer cells. […] Photodynamic therapy uses light-sensitive medicine and a light source to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A chemotherapy cream is sometimes used to treat skin cancers that only affect the top layer of skin.
  • #38 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
    https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
    The advent of immunotherapy has transformed the management of advanced non-melanoma skin cancers, offering new hope for patients previously facing limited treatment options and poor outcomes. […] BCC is the most common form of human skin cancer arising from the basal layer of the epidermis. […] Surgery is the primary treatment modality for easy-to-treat BCCs, which also offers the opportunity to perform a deeper examination of the safety margins and histological characteristics of the tumor. […] Aberrant activation of the Hh pathway and the subsequent loss of SMO receptor inhibition is a hallmark of basal cell carcinoma. […] The advent of checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic MCC, now recommended as the first-line therapy by global guidelines.
  • #39 Coordination of Care: Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Challenges in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
    https://www.ajmc.com/view/coordination-of-care-interdisciplinary-immunotherapy-challenges-in-nonmelanoma-skin-cancers
    The panel emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary tumor boards in optimizing oncology care in nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Hamid then discussed immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors as a new standard of care for advanced cSCC and BCC. […] Hamid concluded that immunotherapy not only drives responses in advanced keratinocyte carcinomas but exhibits durability that could form the backbone of future combination regimens.
  • #40 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Treatment Choices
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/wellness/BackandNeck/Tools/34,17589-1
    There are various treatment choices for skin cancer. Which one may work best for you? It depends on a number of things. These include what type of skin cancer you have, how large the skin cancer is, if it has been treated before, where it is, what stage it is, and its risk of recurrence. Other things that affect your treatment choices include your age, health, your preferences, and what side effects you’ll find acceptable. The main goal of treatment is to remove the cancer completely while keeping function and appearance as much as possible. […] You may have questions and concerns about your treatment choices. You may also want to know how you’ll feel and function during and after treatment, and if you’ll have to change your normal activities. […] Your healthcare provider is the best person to answer your questions. They can tell you what your treatment choices are, how successful they’re expected to be, and what the risks and side effects are. Your healthcare provider may advise a specific treatment. Or they may offer more than one and ask you to decide which one you’d like to use.
  • #41 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Treatment Choices
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/wellness/BackandNeck/Tools/34,17589-1
    You may have just one treatment or a combination of treatments. […] In some cases, you may elect to have no treatment. This may be a reasonable choice in elderly or frail patients with no symptoms. Be sure to discuss the risks of this choice with your healthcare provider before declining treatment. […] Surgery is a common treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer. It’s used in most cases when the cancer is still at an early stage. Many skin cancers can be removed easily and need only very minor surgery. Others may need a more extensive surgery. […] Chemotherapy is done with medicines. With nonmelanoma skin cancer, chemotherapy is most often done by applying a topical strong medicine to the skin to kill cancer cells. […] Targeted therapy is also done with medicine, but it works differently than chemotherapy. It also can have different side effects.
  • #42 Treatment of Nonfatal Conditions at the End of Life
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3726204/
    Treatment decisions for patients with NMSC with LLE require consideration that the benefits of treatment may not occur within the patients remaining life span, but any risks are immediate. […] We found that regardless of patients life expectancy, most NMSCs were treated; and most were treated surgically. The decision to treat surgically was not influenced by patients relatively poor prognoses in multivariable models adjusted for tumor and patient characteristics. […] Given their high mortality and low tumor recurrence rates, it is unclear if patients with LLE who receive a surgical procedure for NMSC will benefit significantly compared with patients who receive less invasive treatments. […] One in 5 patients with LLE reported a treatment-related complication. Given the very low tumor recurrence rates and high mortality rates in this patient population, we believe consideration of life expectancy should enter into treatment decisions.
  • #43
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abp7900
    Excision of non-melanoma skin cancer is a treatment to remove, or excise, basal cell and squamous cell cancers (carcinomas) from your skin. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. […] If your doctor told you how to care for your wound, follow your doctor’s instructions. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have signs of infection, such as: Increased pain, swelling, warmth, or redness near the area. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You see a change in your skin, such as a growth or mole that: Grows bigger. This may happen slowly. […] Care instructions adapted under license by your healthcare professional. If you have questions about a medical condition or this instruction, always ask your healthcare professional.
  • #44 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.methodisthealthsystem.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/EyeCare/34,BSkiD2
    Most nonmelanoma skin cancer can be treated by a dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in treating disease of the skin. […] Oncology nurse. This is a nurse with special training to take care of people with cancer. […] Your team will let you know what tests you need and the results of those tests. Theyll guide you in making treatment decisions and help prepare you and your loved ones for whats ahead. […] Coping with cancer can be stressful. You can talk with your healthcare team about seeing a counselor. They can refer you to someone who can help.
  • #45 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A New Standard of Care – Today’s Geriatric Medicine
    https://www.todaysgeriatricmedicine.com/archive/MA23p22.shtml
    Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: A New Standard of Care […] Mohs surgery has become recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of NMSC. […] The amount and type of care a patient needs after Mohs surgery depends on the wound that is left from where the cancer was removed. […] Primary complications from Mohs surgery include bleeding, itching, pain, swelling, infection, larger than expected wound, loss of nerve function, risk of disfigurement, and risk of regrowth of tumor after removal. […] Treatment for skin cancer should never be neglected, and fortunately, a nonsurgical treatment option is now available for patients looking for a noninvasive approach. […] Image-Guided SRT should be considered as a first-line option for treating nonmelanoma skin cancer in suitable early-stage patients. […] Image-Guided SRT: a safe, effective, and painless treatment of NMSCs without surgery, should be the new standard of care.
  • #46 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
    Immunotherapy medicines help your immune system find and kill cancer cells. […] Photodynamic therapy uses light-sensitive medicine and a light source to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] A chemotherapy cream is sometimes used to treat skin cancers that only affect the top layer of skin.
  • #47 Non-Melanoma Cancer | Diagnosis and Treatment
    https://www.genesiscareus.com/en/condition/cancer/non-melanoma-cancer
    In many cases, surgery is performed for low-risk NMSC that are not in cosmetically sensitive areas. Our team of surgeons are specially trained and experienced in the removal of tumors containing cancerous and benign (non-cancerous) cells. […] Radiation therapy is often most appropriate for NMSC where surgery is contraindicated, if the cancer is in a cosmetically sensitive area, or as an additional treatment for advanced disease. […] At GenesisCare, we offer a wide range of drug therapies and the latest anti-cancer drugs for skin cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. […] Immunotherapy helps your bodys own immune system recognize and fight the cancer.
  • #48 Follow-up after treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment/follow-up
    Follow-up care lets your healthcare team keep track of your health for a period of time after treatment ends. This important part of cancer care is often shared among the cancer specialists, such as the dermatologist, oncologist, surgeon, and your family doctor. They will help you recover from treatment side effects and monitor you for any signs that the cancer has come back (recurred). […] The chance of non-melanoma skin cancer recurring is greatest within 3 years for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and within 2 years for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] Follow-up visits for non-melanoma skin cancer depend on the type of skin cancer, risk group and personal history of skin cancer. […] During a follow-up visit, your healthcare team will usually ask questions about the side effects of treatment and how you’re coping. They will also ask if you have any new signs or symptoms that concern you. […] If the cancer has come back, you and your healthcare team will discuss your treatment and care.
  • #49 Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer – NHS
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non-melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/
    Non-melanoma skin cancer can usually be effectively treated. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer. […] The specialist care team looking after you will: explain the treatments, benefits and side effects. […] You’ll have regular check-ups during and after any treatments. […] Surgery is the main treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, including: cutting out the cancer and some surrounding healthy skin (excisional biopsy). […] Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays of radiation to kill cancer cells. […] Sometimes radiotherapy is used after surgery to help reduce the chance of the cancer coming back. […] Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing.
  • #50 Follow-up after treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/skin-non-melanoma/treatment/follow-up
    Follow-up care lets your healthcare team keep track of your health for a period of time after treatment ends. This important part of cancer care is often shared among the cancer specialists, such as the dermatologist, oncologist, surgeon, and your family doctor. They will help you recover from treatment side effects and monitor you for any signs that the cancer has come back (recurred). […] The chance of non-melanoma skin cancer recurring is greatest within 3 years for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and within 2 years for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] Follow-up visits for non-melanoma skin cancer depend on the type of skin cancer, risk group and personal history of skin cancer. […] During a follow-up visit, your healthcare team will usually ask questions about the side effects of treatment and how you’re coping. They will also ask if you have any new signs or symptoms that concern you. […] If the cancer has come back, you and your healthcare team will discuss your treatment and care.
  • #51 Skin cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer
    Non-melanoma skin cancers include basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). […] BCC is the most common type of skin cancer in the UK. It starts in skin cells called basal cells. […] SCC is the second most common type of skin cancer in the UK. It develops from the squamous cell layers of the skin. […] Surgery is often used to treat BCC or SCC. It is usually the first and only treatment needed. Other skin cancer treatments are sometimes used instead of surgery. […] Many people who have surgery for basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and early-stage squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) do not need long-term follow-up hospital appointments. But your doctor may want you to have regular check-ups for a time. This is to make sure that treatment has been successful and the cancer has not come back.
  • #52 Skin cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer
    After you have had treatment for skin cancer it is even more important to protect yourself from the sun. Find out how you can protect your skin in our information about sun safety and cancer treatment. […] It is also important to: Never use an indoor tanning device, such as a sunbed or sunlamp. If you want to look tanned, use fake tan. […] You may want to consider using camouflage make-up to cover a scar. Talk to your doctor or specialist nurse about camouflage make-up or about any concerns you have.
  • #53 What to Expect of Non Melanoma | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma/patient-care-resources/what-to-expect.html
    After you complete your non-melanoma treatment, your care team works with you to develop an ongoing care plan. Regular follow-up care, also known as surveillance, is important to: Monitor your overall health. […] PathWell is a support services hub for people living with cancer and their loved ones. Our team of doctors, nurses, social workers, spiritual care providers, nutrition experts, financial counselors, and others work with your cancer care team to support your quality of life. […] Our Cancer Survivorship Program offers health care and other services to help non-melanoma survivors transition to life after cancer and the activities you enjoy. […] Our palliative care specialists work closely with your care team to maintain your quality of life and achieve your personal goals after cancer treatment.
  • #54 Skin cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer
    After you have had treatment for skin cancer it is even more important to protect yourself from the sun. Find out how you can protect your skin in our information about sun safety and cancer treatment. […] It is also important to: Never use an indoor tanning device, such as a sunbed or sunlamp. If you want to look tanned, use fake tan. […] You may want to consider using camouflage make-up to cover a scar. Talk to your doctor or specialist nurse about camouflage make-up or about any concerns you have.
  • #55 Skin cancer | Macmillan Cancer Support
    https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/skin-cancer
    After you have had treatment for skin cancer it is even more important to protect yourself from the sun. Find out how you can protect your skin in our information about sun safety and cancer treatment. […] It is also important to: Never use an indoor tanning device, such as a sunbed or sunlamp. If you want to look tanned, use fake tan. […] You may want to consider using camouflage make-up to cover a scar. Talk to your doctor or specialist nurse about camouflage make-up or about any concerns you have.
  • #56 What to Expect of Non Melanoma | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma/patient-care-resources/what-to-expect.html
    After you complete your non-melanoma treatment, your care team works with you to develop an ongoing care plan. Regular follow-up care, also known as surveillance, is important to: Monitor your overall health. […] PathWell is a support services hub for people living with cancer and their loved ones. Our team of doctors, nurses, social workers, spiritual care providers, nutrition experts, financial counselors, and others work with your cancer care team to support your quality of life. […] Our Cancer Survivorship Program offers health care and other services to help non-melanoma survivors transition to life after cancer and the activities you enjoy. […] Our palliative care specialists work closely with your care team to maintain your quality of life and achieve your personal goals after cancer treatment.
  • #57 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
    If you notice a skin growth or a mole that doesnt look quite right, youll want to get it looked at quickly. Cleveland Clinic is here to help. Talk with us about your options for getting your skin checked by our experienced dermatologists. And if you find out you have non-melanoma skin cancer, well support you throughout your journey with skill, expertise and compassion every step of the way.
  • #58
    https://www.accc-cancer.org/home/learn/cancer-types/skin-cancer/advanced-non-melanoma-skin-cancers/advanced-nmsc-practices
    To help community cancer centers better diagnose and treat cutaneous non-melanoma skin cancers, ACCC has launched a new project designed to engage all members of multidisciplinary cancer care teams as well as non-oncology specialists on effective practices for supporting, treating, and managing patients with advanced non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Communication is essential in establishing referral networks and professional partnerships to facilitate the seamless coordination of care for patients with non-melanoma skin cancers. […] One of the most important things that health care providers can do for patients with non-melanoma skin cancer is coordinate treatment. Multidisciplinary teams in non-melanoma skin cancer care can help determine the best care plan for each patient and improve the quality of care. […] In recognition of May as skin cancer awareness month, a disease that affects one in five Americans by 70 years of age, ACCC has developed new resources to support advanced skin cancer care.
  • #59 Coordination of Care: Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Challenges in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
    https://www.ajmc.com/view/coordination-of-care-interdisciplinary-immunotherapy-challenges-in-nonmelanoma-skin-cancers
    The panel emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary tumor boards in optimizing oncology care in nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Hamid then discussed immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors as a new standard of care for advanced cSCC and BCC. […] Hamid concluded that immunotherapy not only drives responses in advanced keratinocyte carcinomas but exhibits durability that could form the backbone of future combination regimens.
  • #60 Coordination of Care: Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Challenges in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
    https://www.ajmc.com/view/coordination-of-care-interdisciplinary-immunotherapy-challenges-in-nonmelanoma-skin-cancers
    The panel emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary tumor boards in optimizing oncology care in nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Hamid then discussed immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors as a new standard of care for advanced cSCC and BCC. […] Hamid concluded that immunotherapy not only drives responses in advanced keratinocyte carcinomas but exhibits durability that could form the backbone of future combination regimens.
  • #61 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed […] Being told you have skin cancer can be scary, and you may have many questions. But you have people on your healthcare team to help. […] Coping with fear […] Its normal to feel afraid. Learning about your cancer and about the treatment choices you have can make you feel less afraid. This also helps you work with your healthcare team and make the best choices for your treatment. You can also ask to speak with a counselor. […] Working with your healthcare team […] Most nonmelanoma skin cancer can be treated by a dermatologist. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in treating disease of the skin. If your cancer is more advanced, you may also have other types of healthcare providers on your team. These may include: […] Surgical oncologist. This is a healthcare provider with special training in surgery to treat cancer.
  • #62 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Newly Diagnosed
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/NonTraumatic/34,BSkiD2
    Learning about treatment choices […] To decide the best course of treatment for you, your healthcare team needs to know as much as they can about your cancer. This may mean getting some tests and working with more than one healthcare provider or other type of healthcare professional. And you may decide that you want to get a second opinion to help you choose a treatment. […] Getting support […] Coping with cancer can be stressful. You can talk with your healthcare team about seeing a counselor. They can refer you to someone who can help. You can also visit support groups to talk with other people coping with cancer. Ask your healthcare team about local and online support groups.
  • #63 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Primer for Primary Care
    https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-primer-primary-care
    Primary care physicians will see many patients with early signs of nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing over recent decades, at least in part related to increased sun and tanning booth exposure. […] More than 5.4 million cases of NMSC occur in the United States annually, affecting more than 3.3 million Americans, with many individuals having more than one type. […] Prevention of skin cancer is of primary importance and primary care physicians have a critical role to play in educating patients on how to minimize exposure. […] Early diagnosis of skin cancer is key in preventing complications from cancer growth or spread. The diagnosis of skin cancer can be challenging to clinicians faced with time constraints in examining and treating patients. This Special Report focuses on clinical diagnosis and basic management of common NMSC types that may be encountered in the primary care setting.
  • #64 Skin Cancer Nursing NCLEX Review
    https://www.registerednursern.com/skin-cancer-nursing-nclex-review/
    In this lecture we will review nonmelanoma and melanoma types of skin cancer. […] Nonmelanoma includes: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma. […] Nursing Interventions for Skin Cancer: We play a vital role in detection and education! […] Asses the patient for any areas on the skin that doesnt heal, itchy, or changes colors, and teach the patient to report this immediately to their doctor. […] Perform a thorough skin assessment and identify possible cancerous lesionsfollow the ABCDE assessment (teach the patient to do this monthly): […] Prevention (teach this to the patient): Avoid direct sun exposure between 10 am 4 pm (sun rays are the strongest during these times). […] Treatment depends on the type of cancer and stage. However, the cancerous tissue will be removed (there are various ways to do this).
  • #65 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Primer for Primary Care
    https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-primer-primary-care
    Primary care physicians will see many patients with early signs of nonmelanoma skin cancers. […] Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in humans. The incidence of skin cancer has been increasing over recent decades, at least in part related to increased sun and tanning booth exposure. […] More than 5.4 million cases of NMSC occur in the United States annually, affecting more than 3.3 million Americans, with many individuals having more than one type. […] Prevention of skin cancer is of primary importance and primary care physicians have a critical role to play in educating patients on how to minimize exposure. […] Early diagnosis of skin cancer is key in preventing complications from cancer growth or spread. The diagnosis of skin cancer can be challenging to clinicians faced with time constraints in examining and treating patients. This Special Report focuses on clinical diagnosis and basic management of common NMSC types that may be encountered in the primary care setting.
  • #66 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Disease-Specific Quality-of-Life Concerns and Distress | Oncology Nursing Society
    https://onf.ons.org/publications-research/onf/41/1/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-disease-specific-quality-life-concerns-and
    Purpose/Objectives: To provide a better understanding of the disease-specific quality-of-life (QOL) concerns of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Implications for Nursing: Nurses are in a position to provide pivotal psychosocial and informational support to patients, so they need to be aware of the often-overlooked psychosocial effects of NMSC to address these issues and provide optimal care.
  • #67 What to Expect of Non Melanoma | Stanford Health Care
    https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/non-melanoma/patient-care-resources/what-to-expect.html
    After you complete your non-melanoma treatment, your care team works with you to develop an ongoing care plan. Regular follow-up care, also known as surveillance, is important to: Monitor your overall health. […] PathWell is a support services hub for people living with cancer and their loved ones. Our team of doctors, nurses, social workers, spiritual care providers, nutrition experts, financial counselors, and others work with your cancer care team to support your quality of life. […] Our Cancer Survivorship Program offers health care and other services to help non-melanoma survivors transition to life after cancer and the activities you enjoy. […] Our palliative care specialists work closely with your care team to maintain your quality of life and achieve your personal goals after cancer treatment.
  • #68 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
    https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
    Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities […] Skin cancer encompasses a range of cutaneous malignancies, with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) being the most common neoplasm worldwide. […] Surgical excision is still the most common treatment for these lesions; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease significantly increases the chances of morbidity or death. […] This review summarizes the current and emerging therapies used to treat NMSC. […] Skin cancer has the highest incidence of all forms of cancer worldwide, with approximately 90% of these cases classified as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Surgical excision is still the most prevalent therapeutic approach in individuals who present with NMSC. […] Recent studies aim to solve this problem by developing targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy.
  • #69
    https://www.estro.org/Courses/2024/Multidisciplinary-Management-of-Non-melanoma-Skin
    As the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) increases worldwide, this interactive course highlights the need to improve interdisciplinary collaboration. This course covers everything in the field of NMSC from epidemiology, dermatopathology, surgical and non-surgical treatments, skin radiobiology and skin care during treatment in radical, palliative and supportive care. […] This course aims to bring various specialists and trainees in the field of dermato-oncology in order to breach gaps between specializations, increase multidisciplinary understanding and highlight the need for improved interdisciplinary collaboration. […] Develop a deep understanding of best practices in NMSC and provide patients with the best possible treatment, skin care advice and follow-up care. […] Role of allied health care professionals in NMSC management. […] Follow-up and management of side effects during and after skin cancer treatment. […] Overview of current research, clinical trials and technical developments in the management of NMSC.
  • #70 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
    https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
    Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities […] Skin cancer encompasses a range of cutaneous malignancies, with non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) being the most common neoplasm worldwide. […] Surgical excision is still the most common treatment for these lesions; however, locally advanced or metastatic disease significantly increases the chances of morbidity or death. […] This review summarizes the current and emerging therapies used to treat NMSC. […] Skin cancer has the highest incidence of all forms of cancer worldwide, with approximately 90% of these cases classified as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Surgical excision is still the most prevalent therapeutic approach in individuals who present with NMSC. […] Recent studies aim to solve this problem by developing targeted therapeutics and immunotherapy.
  • #71 Therapeutic Approaches for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Standard of Care and Emerging Modalities
    https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/13/7056
    The development of treatments with the highest efficacy and fewest adverse effects will necessitate continued research for years to come. […] cSCC is predominantly managed through surgical excision and histopathologic scrutiny, achieving remarkable cure rates of up to 95%. […] High-risk cSCCs are best managed with micrographically controlled surgery (MCS), which minimizes the removal of uninvolved tissue and provides a thorough margin inspection. […] In scenarios where surgery is not indicated, radiation therapy emerges as a viable alternative. […] Topical treatments such as imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) creams offer alternative approaches to manage precancerous lesions or localized cSCC. […] Systemic immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers like cSCC, especially for patients who are unsuitable candidates for surgery or radiation therapy.
  • #72 Q&A: DaRT Guidelines for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Care
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/q-a-dart-guidelines-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-care
    The Dermatology Association of Radiation Therapy (DaRT) recently published new clinical guidelines for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] The guidelines focus on the use of image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT), which combines high-resolution dermal ultrasound with superficial radiation therapy for precise cancer targeting, and a multidisciplinary approach for treatment and care. […] I think the main takeaway for the guidelines that we’ve produced for everyone is really to allow for a standardization in the field. […] The recent addition of image guidance to that in the literature has shown and has provided a massive increase in the overall cure rates and success rates of the therapy. […] We feel that in order for us to truly move the field forward, we need to begin a standardization so that physicians can really practice in a guidelines-based way or an evidence based way.
  • #73 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
    And its time to get it checked out. It could be non-melanoma skin cancer. If it turns out to be this highly treatable cancer, acting quickly can give you the best possible outcome. […] At Cleveland Clinic, you wont face your cancer diagnosis alone. Our healthcare providers are here for you with compassionate, expert support. We take time to answer your questions and help you understand whats happening every step of the way from diagnosis through personalized treatment and beyond. […] Every skin cancer diagnosis is different and requires a customized treatment plan. Our dermatologists (skin specialists) use the latest tests to confirm your diagnosis. Then we work together to create a treatment plan that works for you. […] Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer depends on the location of the cancer cells and the cancers stage (how far it has spread). Your treatment plan may include:
  • #74 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
    During Mohs (pronounced mows) surgery, our surgeons remove skin cancer cells in stages. After each stage, they look at the cells under a microscope while you wait. They continue to remove skin until they remove all the cancer cells. The goal of Mohs surgery is to remove all the cancer while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. […] Some non-melanoma skin cancers that havent spread beyond your skin can be treated without surgery. These treatment options include: […] Cleveland Clinic has some of the worlds top researchers involved in clinical trials for non-melanoma skin cancers. These trials provide more options for you if you have basal cell cancer, squamous cell or Merkel cell cancers that dont respond to traditional treatments. Clinical trials can improve your quality of life and possibly give you more time to spend with loved ones. Sometimes, clinical trials can provide life-saving care when other treatments dont work.
  • #75 Get Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment | Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/non-melanoma-skin-cancer-treatment
    During Mohs (pronounced mows) surgery, our surgeons remove skin cancer cells in stages. After each stage, they look at the cells under a microscope while you wait. They continue to remove skin until they remove all the cancer cells. The goal of Mohs surgery is to remove all the cancer while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. […] Some non-melanoma skin cancers that havent spread beyond your skin can be treated without surgery. These treatment options include: […] Cleveland Clinic has some of the worlds top researchers involved in clinical trials for non-melanoma skin cancers. These trials provide more options for you if you have basal cell cancer, squamous cell or Merkel cell cancers that dont respond to traditional treatments. Clinical trials can improve your quality of life and possibly give you more time to spend with loved ones. Sometimes, clinical trials can provide life-saving care when other treatments dont work.
  • #76 Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
    https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer
    The development of more effective cancer treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer patients. Clinical trials are studies that evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs or treatment strategies. […] Patients may gain access to better treatments by participating in a clinical trial. Participation in a clinical trial also contributes to the cancer communitys understanding of optimal cancer care and may lead to better standard treatments.
  • #77 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Treatment Choices
    https://healthlibrary.ecuhealth.org/wellness/BackandNeck/Tools/34,17589-1
    Radiation therapy uses high energy X-rays or other types of radiation sources. The goal of this treatment is to kill cancer cells. […] The goal of this treatment is to kill cells at the cancer site by using a medicine to make the cells more sensitive to a special laser light. […] This type of therapy is done with medicines. The medicines use chemicals that stimulate the immune system. […] Researchers are always finding new ways to treat cancer. These new methods are tested in clinical trials. […] At first, thinking about treatment choices may seem overwhelming. Talk with your healthcare providers, nurses, and loved ones. Make a list of questions. Consider the benefits and possible side effects of each choice. Discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider before making a decision.
  • #78 Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer | Nebraska Hematology Oncology – Cancer Care Treatment Blood Disorders Clinical Trials Lincoln Nebraska (NE)
    https://www.yourcancercare.com/types-of-cancer/skin-cancer/treatment-for-non-melanoma-skin-cancer
    The development of more effective cancer treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer patients. Clinical trials are studies that evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs or treatment strategies. […] Patients may gain access to better treatments by participating in a clinical trial. Participation in a clinical trial also contributes to the cancer communitys understanding of optimal cancer care and may lead to better standard treatments.
  • #79 Q&A: DaRT Guidelines for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Care
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/q-a-dart-guidelines-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-care
    The Dermatology Association of Radiation Therapy (DaRT) recently published new clinical guidelines for the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. […] The guidelines focus on the use of image-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT), which combines high-resolution dermal ultrasound with superficial radiation therapy for precise cancer targeting, and a multidisciplinary approach for treatment and care. […] I think the main takeaway for the guidelines that we’ve produced for everyone is really to allow for a standardization in the field. […] The recent addition of image guidance to that in the literature has shown and has provided a massive increase in the overall cure rates and success rates of the therapy. […] We feel that in order for us to truly move the field forward, we need to begin a standardization so that physicians can really practice in a guidelines-based way or an evidence based way.
  • #80 Q&A: DaRT Guidelines for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Care
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/q-a-dart-guidelines-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-care
    The important part here is that there really haven’t been standardly-accepted or group approved levels of protocols for this therapy. […] This is really just the first time that the communities have come together to put forth guidelines. […] I think that having a place to start when it comes to formal protocols is super important, and specifically when you’re having conversations with patients, I think patients are always at ease when they know that their physicians are basing their decisions off of larger guidelines and evidence. […] I think that for the most part, the stage I and II and low risk lesions have been handled by individual practitioners, and probably still should be going forward. […] In no way, shape, or form are we suggesting that this is a replacement for Mohs surgery, but we do believe that, and the literature bears out, that this is a new technology that provides equivalent outcomes and should be used for the correct patient at the correct time. […] This publication of guidelines is an opportunity for a conversation, both between patients and their providers, but also between providers from different disciplines.
  • #81 Q&A: DaRT Guidelines for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Care
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/q-a-dart-guidelines-for-nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-care
    The important part here is that there really haven’t been standardly-accepted or group approved levels of protocols for this therapy. […] This is really just the first time that the communities have come together to put forth guidelines. […] I think that having a place to start when it comes to formal protocols is super important, and specifically when you’re having conversations with patients, I think patients are always at ease when they know that their physicians are basing their decisions off of larger guidelines and evidence. […] I think that for the most part, the stage I and II and low risk lesions have been handled by individual practitioners, and probably still should be going forward. […] In no way, shape, or form are we suggesting that this is a replacement for Mohs surgery, but we do believe that, and the literature bears out, that this is a new technology that provides equivalent outcomes and should be used for the correct patient at the correct time. […] This publication of guidelines is an opportunity for a conversation, both between patients and their providers, but also between providers from different disciplines.
  • #82 Non-melanoma skin cancer: signs, risk factors and nursing care
    https://journals.rcni.com/cancer-nursing-practice/feature/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-signs-risk-factors-and-nursing-care-cnp.21.2.12.s8
    Nurses are an important source of support for people with this form of cancer, whose treatment can be harrowing […] Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in the UK and incidence is rising. Almost 400,000 diagnoses a year are expected by 2025, says the major UK report State of the Nation: Non-melanoma Skin Cancer published in 2021. Yet many members of the public do not recognise it as a form of cancer and would struggle to identify its signs and symptoms.
  • #83 Non-melanoma skin cancer and the care patients need
    https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/feature/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-and-the-care-patients-need-ns.37.2.56.s23
    Nurses are an important source of support for patients with these lesions because the physical and emotional impact of diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. […] Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in the UK and incidence is rising.
  • #84 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Disease-Specific Quality-of-Life Concerns and Distress | Oncology Nursing Society
    https://onf.ons.org/publications-research/onf/41/1/nonmelanoma-skin-cancer-disease-specific-quality-life-concerns-and
    Purpose/Objectives: To provide a better understanding of the disease-specific quality-of-life (QOL) concerns of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). […] Implications for Nursing: Nurses are in a position to provide pivotal psychosocial and informational support to patients, so they need to be aware of the often-overlooked psychosocial effects of NMSC to address these issues and provide optimal care.
  • #85
    https://www.estro.org/Courses/2024/Multidisciplinary-Management-of-Non-melanoma-Skin
    As the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) increases worldwide, this interactive course highlights the need to improve interdisciplinary collaboration. This course covers everything in the field of NMSC from epidemiology, dermatopathology, surgical and non-surgical treatments, skin radiobiology and skin care during treatment in radical, palliative and supportive care. […] This course aims to bring various specialists and trainees in the field of dermato-oncology in order to breach gaps between specializations, increase multidisciplinary understanding and highlight the need for improved interdisciplinary collaboration. […] Develop a deep understanding of best practices in NMSC and provide patients with the best possible treatment, skin care advice and follow-up care. […] Role of allied health care professionals in NMSC management. […] Follow-up and management of side effects during and after skin cancer treatment. […] Overview of current research, clinical trials and technical developments in the management of NMSC.