Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354331

  Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the what’s causing it. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, treatment will include antibiotics. […] If an enlarged spleen causes serious complications or the cause can’t be identified or treated, surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy) might be an option. In chronic or critical cases, surgery might offer the best hope for recovery. […] After spleen removal, certain steps can help reduce your risk of infection, including: A series of vaccinations before and after the splenectomy. These include the pneumococcal (Pneumovax 23), meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines, which protect against pneumonia, meningitis and infections of the blood, bones and joints. You’ll also need the pneumococcal vaccine every five years after surgery.

• #1 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354331

  Taking penicillin or other antibiotics after your surgery and anytime you or your doctor suspects the possibility of an infection. […] Calling your doctor at the first sign of a fever, which could indicate an infection. […] Avoiding travel to parts of the world where certain diseases, such as malaria, are common.

• #2 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly

  Treatment for an enlarged spleen depends on what’s causing it. Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen usually isn’t needed, but sometimes it’s recommended. […] Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the what’s causing it. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, treatment will include antibiotics. […] If an enlarged spleen causes serious complications or the cause can’t be identified or treated, surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy) might be an option. In chronic or critical cases, surgery might offer the best hope for recovery. […] Elective spleen removal requires careful consideration. You can live an active life without a spleen, but you’re more likely to get serious or even life-threatening infections after spleen removal. […] After spleen removal, certain steps can help reduce your risk of infection, including: A series of vaccinations before and after the splenectomy. These include the pneumococcal (Pneumovax 23), meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines, which protect against pneumonia, meningitis and infections of the blood, bones and joints. You’ll also need the pneumococcal vaccine every five years after surgery.

• #2 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly

  Taking penicillin or other antibiotics after your surgery and anytime you or your doctor suspects the possibility of an infection. […] Calling your doctor at the first sign of a fever, which could indicate an infection. […] Avoiding travel to parts of the world where certain diseases, such as malaria, are common.

• #3 Splenomegaly (Enlarged Spleen): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.health.com/splenomegaly-7974386

  Many conditions can cause splenomegaly, including infections, liver conditions, autoimmune disorders, and blood disorders. Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on treating the underlying cause, which may include rest, medication, surgery, or radiation. […] Treatment for splenomegaly focuses on treating the underlying cause. Your spleen should return to its normal size once the underlying cause is treated. For example, if a bacterial infection is causing an enlarged spleen, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics to cure the infection. In time, the size of your spleen should return to normal. […] These treatment options include: Low-dose radiation therapy: Radiation therapy can safely and effectively shrink the spleen. Most people with splenomegaly who receive radiation therapy experience a significant reduction in the size of their spleen after just a few sessions. […] Surgery: Removal of the spleen (splenectomy) may be necessary if you experience severe symptoms or if a tumor is causing an enlarged spleen.

• #4 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly?content_id=CON-20198836

  An enlarged spleen usually doesn’t cause symptoms. It’s often discovered during a routine physical exam. A doctor usually can’t feel the spleen in an adult unless it’s enlarged. Imaging and blood tests can help identify the cause of an enlarged spleen. […] Treatment for an enlarged spleen depends on what’s causing it. Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen usually isn’t needed, but sometimes it’s recommended. […] Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the what’s causing it. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, treatment will include antibiotics. […] If an enlarged spleen causes serious complications or the cause can’t be identified or treated, surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy) might be an option. In chronic or critical cases, surgery might offer the best hope for recovery.

• #4 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly?content_id=CON-20198836

  Elective spleen removal requires careful consideration. You can live an active life without a spleen, but you’re more likely to get serious or even life-threatening infections after spleen removal. […] After spleen removal, certain steps can help reduce your risk of infection, including: A series of vaccinations before and after the splenectomy. These include the pneumococcal (Pneumovax 23), meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines, which protect against pneumonia, meningitis and infections of the blood, bones and joints. You’ll also need the pneumococcal vaccine every five years after surgery. Taking penicillin or other antibiotics after your surgery and anytime you or your doctor suspects the possibility of an infection. Calling your doctor at the first sign of a fever, which could indicate an infection. Avoiding travel to parts of the world where certain diseases, such as malaria, are common. […] Avoid contact sports such as soccer, football and hockey and limit other activities as recommended to reduce the risk of a ruptured spleen.

• #5 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/symptoms-causes/syc-20354326

  Treatment for an enlarged spleen depends on what’s causing it. Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen usually isn’t needed, but sometimes it’s recommended. […] A number of infections and diseases can cause an enlarged spleen. The enlargement might be temporary, depending on treatment.

• #6 Enlarged Spleen – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/enlarged-spleen.html

  Treatment depends on what is causing your enlarged spleen. For example, if a bacterial infection caused your enlarged spleen, you will receive antibiotics. If you have no symptoms and no cause, your provider may suggest watchful waiting. This means you return for another exam in 6 to 12 months or sooner if you develop symptoms. Surgery to remove the spleen may be needed if a cause cannot be found or your enlarged spleen is causing severe problems.

• #7 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Cost

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly

  In addition to this, a haematologist or an oncologist may need to be consulted depending on the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen. […] […] Which are the best medicines for Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)? […] Corticosteroids: This class of drugs is used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, which can help to treat an enlarged spleen caused by an underlying autoimmune disorder. Examples include prednisone and methylprednisolone. […] […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications are used to treat pain and inflammation brought on by splenic enlargement. Examples include ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. […] […] Antibiotics: These drugs may be prescribed to treat any infection that is causing the spleen to swell. Examples include amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. […]

• #7 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Cost

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly

  Statins: Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that can help reduce inflammation in the body and prevent certain infections that may be causing an enlarged spleen. Examples include atorvastatin and simvastatin. […] […] Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are used to reduce the activity of the immune system in order to stop it from attacking healthy tissue or organs, which can cause an enlarged spleen in some cases. Examples include azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclophosphamide. […] […] How long does it take to recover from Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)? Recovery from Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly) depends on the underlying cause, severity of the condition, and the treatment received. […] […] According to each situation, the recuperation period may generally last anywhere from a few weeks and many months. […]

• #7 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Cost

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly

  Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly) Treatment […] Splenectomy: The spleen is surgically removed during a splenectomy. It is usually recommended when other treatments fail to reduce the size of the spleen or if the spleen is causing serious health complications. […] […] Laparoscopic Surgery: A tiny camera and surgical tools are placed via minute incisions in the abdomen during laparoscopic surgery to access and remove all or part of the spleen. […] […] Radiofrequency Ablation: This method employs heat produced by radio waves to shrink and destroy swollen splenic tissue. […] […] Cryoablation: This procedure uses extreme cold temperatures to destroy enlarged splenic tissue and reduce its size. […] […] Which doctor to consult for Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)? A patient with enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) should consult a gastroenterologist, who specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including the liver and pancreas. […]

• #8 Enlarged Spleen: View Causes, Symptoms and Treatments | 1mg

  https://www.1mg.com/diseases/enlarged-spleen-1040

  Management of an enlarged spleen often involves treating the underlying cause, such as antibiotics for infections or medications for liver disease. In severe cases, where the spleen poses a risk of rupture or causes significant symptoms, a surgical procedure called a splenectomy may be considered to remove the spleen. […] The treatment of splenomegaly, or an enlarged spleen, depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. Here are some general approaches to treatment […] This may involve: […] Antiviral Medications: These may include treatments like acyclovir. […] Antibiotics: These could involve medications like amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, or azithromycin. […] Chemotherapy: Used in cases involving cancer affecting the spleen. […] Blood Transfusions: For conditions like splenic sequestration in sickle cell anemia.

• #9 How to Treat an Enlarged Spleen: Causes, Symptoms, & More

  https://www.wikihow.com/Treat-an-Enlarged-Spleen

  Treat mononucleosis if it is causing your enlarged spleen. Mononucleosis, commonly known as mono, is a virus that causes extreme fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fever. Because mono is caused by a virus, there is no standard cure or treatment and antibiotics are not effective. […] Begin cancer treatment if applicable. Cancer treatment can include a combination of a wide variety of treatments, including medication, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone therapy. […] Have your spleen removed if other treatments are not successful. In some cases, an enlarged spleen will not respond to treatment. At that point, if it is impacting your health, your doctor may say that its necessary to have it surgically removed. This is a surgery called a splenectomy and it is an inpatient procedure that requires you to go under general anesthesia.

• #10 Spleen | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/spleen

  A variety of disorders can cause the spleen to enlarge, sometimes to 2kg or more. Any conditions that cause a rapid breakdown of blood cells, such as haemolytic anaemias, can place great strain on the spleen and as a consequence, make it enlarge. Other causes of splenomegaly include infections (such as glandular fever), liver disease and some cancers (such as Hodgkins disease, leukaemia and lymphoma). […] Treatment depends on the disorder and its specific cause. For example, if the splenomegaly is caused by particular cancers (including Hodgkins disease, leukaemia or lymphoma), then treatment will focus on eliminating or controlling the primary disease. […] Hypersplenism, triggered by cirrhosis of the liver, can be treated with abstinence from alcohol and special dietary modifications. A severely ruptured spleen is usually surgically removed.

• #11 Splenomegaly Treatment: Managing Enlarged Spleen

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/splenomegaly-treatment

  Treatment may include antibiotics or antiviral medications to clear the infection and reduce spleen inflammation. […] Managing liver disease through medications, lifestyle changes, or other interventions can help reduce splenomegaly associated with liver conditions. […] Treatment may involve managing the blood disorder with medications, chemotherapy, or other therapies depending on the specific condition. […] Treatment involves managing the underlying metabolic disorder with appropriate medications or therapies to reduce spleen enlargement.

• #11 Splenomegaly Treatment: Managing Enlarged Spleen

  https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/articles/splenomegaly-treatment

  When splenomegaly is a consequence of blood cancers such as leukemia or lymphoma, chemotherapy becomes a primary treatment modality. […] Radiotherapy can serve as an adjunctive treatment for splenomegaly, particularly in cases where the spleen’s enlargement is due to malignancies. […] Effective management of splenomegaly often requires a multifaceted approach, combining various treatments tailored to the patient’s specific condition. […] Managing splenomegaly requires a comprehensive and personalized approach, integrating surgical interventions, medication, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By understanding the underlying causes and available treatments, healthcare providers can offer effective management strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. […] Treatment of splenomegaly focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the enlarged spleen.

• #12 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly) – Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.hoag.org/specialties-services/digestive-health/diseases-conditions/enlarged-spleen/

  When you need answers you and your family can depend on, The Hoag Digestive Health Institute is here. Hoag has the most comprehensive and highest-volume digestive health program in Orange County, offering pinpoint-accurate diagnosis and the areas best and most advanced treatment options. […] Treatment of an enlarged spleen often involves treating the disease that caused the enlargement or managing the symptoms and complications that may come with splenomegaly including the threat of splenic rupture, in which the spleen becomes so big it bursts. […] Enlargement due to different causes is treated in different ways. For example, splenomegaly due to splenic sequestration due to sickle cell anemia is usually treated with blood transfusions, while cancers involving the spleen may be treated through chemotherapy and radiation therapy. […] Another common treatment for an enlarged spleen is splenectomy, in which the spleen is surgically removed. Because of the role the spleen plays in our immune system, those who undergo splenectomy may be at increased risk of contracting certain bacterial and viral infections.

• #13 Splenomegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430907/

  Splenomegaly is defined as the enlargement of the spleen measured by size or weight. […] This activity reviews the causes, evaluation, and management of splenomegaly and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options for splenomegaly. […] Treatment of splenomegaly is targeted at treating the underlying disease and protecting the patient from complications of splenomegaly itself. […] Treatment ranges from abdominal injury avoidance in young healthy patients with splenomegaly due to infectious mononucleosis to splenectomy of a massively enlarged spleen in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. […] Splenic sequestration is seen in sickle cell anemia is often managed with blood transfusions/exchange transfusions.

• #13 Splenomegaly – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430907/

  Sometimes splenectomy is required for ITP. […] Low dose radiation therapy can also shrink the spleen size in patients with primary myelofibrosis. […] Patients who undergo splenectomy are at increased risk of infections secondary to encapsulated organisms such as Haemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. […] Vaccinations against these organisms are highly recommended in patients who have undergone splenectomy. […] All patients with splenomegaly should be educated about the signs of splenic rupture and when to seek medical assistance.

• #14 Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Activity, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206208-treatment

  Low-dose radiotherapy has been used as palliative care for splenomegaly in patients with hematologic disorders such as primary myelofibrosis. […] Important recent developments in mitigating splenomegaly include the use of the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in primary myelofibrosis, which results in rapid and pronounced reduction in spleen size. […] All patients scheduled for elective splenectomy (either diagnostic or therapeutic) should receive the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine, menigococcal vaccine, and H. influenzae vaccine. […] The vast majority of splenectomies are performed using laparoscopic techniques. It is important to remember that splenectomy should largely be reserved for only after non-surgical approaches to mitigating the primary disorder causing the splenomegaly have been utilized and in the event of emergent traumatic situations where splenic sparing/salvage techniques cannot be safely employed.

• #14 Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Activity, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206208-treatment

  Successful medical treatment of the primary disorder in cases of splenomegaly can lead to regression of the hypersplenism without the need for surgery. […] Splenectomy is occasionally indicated to help control or stage the underlying disease in cases of splenomegaly. The most common indications for therapeutic splenectomy include hereditary spherocytosis, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), or autoimmune hemolysis where the splenomegaly is refractory to front line therapy and causing significant discomfort due to massive splenomegaly or complicated hypersplenism. […] Splenectomy is also indicated for the treatment of chronic, severe hypersplenism refractory to upfront medical therapy. […] Treatment of splenic sequestration involves conservative management with blood transfusions/exchange transfusions to reduce the number of sickled red blood cells, or splenectomy.

• #14 Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Activity, Pharmacologic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/206208-treatment

  Fulminant, life-threatening infection represents a major long-term sequela after splenectomy in patients with splenomegaly. […] Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI), also known as postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome, begins as a nonspecific, flulike prodrome that is followed by a rapid evolution to full-blown bacteremic septic shock accompanied by hypotension, anuria, and clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation thus making this syndrome a true medical emergency. […] The pneumococcal vaccine should be administered at least 2 weeks before an elective splenectomy. If the time frame is not practical, the patient should be immunized as soon as possible after recovery and before discharge from the hospital or, at the latest, 24 hours following the procedure.

• #15 https://www.lls.org/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/myelofibrosis/treatment/supportive-care

  https://www.lls.org/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/myelofibrosis/treatment/supportive-care

  Many patients with MF have enlarged spleens that may cause symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, pain under the left ribs and a feeling of fullness without eating or after eating a small amount. […] There are several options for dealing with the painful effects of an enlarged spleen, which include: […] Ruxolitinib (Jakafi), which has been shown to reduce spleen size in some patients […] Hydroxyurea (Hydrea), which may reduce the size of an enlarged spleen and relieve related symptoms […] Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys). This therapy can control an enlarged spleen. […] Interferon alfa (Intron A, Roferon-A, Pegasys), which can control spleen enlargement […] Surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy), which may be considered if other forms of therapy have not reduced the pain or complications associated with an enlarged spleen. Benefits and risks of this procedure need to be weighed:

• #15 https://www.lls.org/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/myelofibrosis/treatment/supportive-care

  https://www.lls.org/myeloproliferative-neoplasms/myelofibrosis/treatment/supportive-care

  Benefits include a reduction of symptoms, decreased portal hypertension and less need for red blood cell transfusions. […] Possible risks include hemorrhaging, blood clots, infection, liver enlargement and an increased platelet count. […] Radiation therapy, which uses high powered x-rays to shrink the spleen. When other treatment methods have failed and surgical removal of the spleen is not a viable option, radiation therapy can be used to help reduce the size of the spleen. […] Embolization of the spleen. This minimally invasive treatment is an alternative to the surgical removal of all or part of the spleen. While the patient is sedated, the doctor injects embolizing agents through a catheter into an artery to block blood flow to the spleen in order to reduce its size.

• #16 How to Treat Splenomegaly (Enlarged Spleen) With Acupuncture and TCM » Art of Wellness Acupuncture & Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) | Acupuncture in Los Angeles, CA; Acupuncture in West Los Angeles, CA; Acupuncture in Santa Monica, CA

  https://myartofwellness.com/how-to-treat-splenomegaly-enlarged-spleen-with-acupuncture-and-tcm/

  The treatment of splenomegaly in Western medicine primarily depends on addressing the underlying cause of the condition. […] Acupuncture treatment and Chinese herbs can provide an adjunct or alternative treatment for enlarged spleen. […] When liver disease such as cirrhosis is the cause of splenomegaly, the treatment approach focuses on managing the liver condition. […] In cases where the spleen enlargement is due to cancers like leukemia or lymphoma, treatment usually involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted drug therapies to address the cancer. […] Autoimmune disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can also cause splenomegaly. Treatment for these conditions often involves immunosuppressive medications such as corticosteroids, methotrexate, or biologic agents that target specific parts of the immune system.

• #16 How to Treat Splenomegaly (Enlarged Spleen) With Acupuncture and TCM » Art of Wellness Acupuncture & Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) | Acupuncture in Los Angeles, CA; Acupuncture in West Los Angeles, CA; Acupuncture in Santa Monica, CA

  https://myartofwellness.com/how-to-treat-splenomegaly-enlarged-spleen-with-acupuncture-and-tcm/

  In some cases, if the spleen is severely enlarged or if it’s causing significant symptoms or complications (such as a high risk of rupture), a splenectomy may be considered. […] Trying a holistic approach with TCM and acupuncture may be able to help relieve symptoms and improve spleen function. […] Your acupuncture provider can develop a course of treatment with acupuncture and herbs to address the underlying causes of an enlarged spleen, while also helping to relieve any symptoms of splenomegaly.

• #17 Enlarged Spleen: Treatment – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/enlarged-spleen-treatment

  Spleen Health , Sheherzad Preisler Reviewed By: Enlarged Spleen: Treatment […] The Mayo Clinic explains that treatment for splenomegaly depends on and focuses upon whatever the underlying issue is, because splenomegaly can be caused by various other conditions, such as infections, cancer, and liver disease. […] Sometimes, your doctor may suggest spleen removal surgery especially if your case of splenomegaly is causing severe complications, or the underlying cause is untreatable or untraceable. This procedure, which is known as a splenectomy, is sometimes an individuals best chance at recovery. […] After a splenectomy, there are a number of steps you can take to minimize your likelihood of coming down with an infection, such as: Taking a course of penicillin or other antibiotics. […] If the cause cannot be identified, its possible your doctor will simply suggest keeping an eye on it, visiting again for a reevaluation in six to 12 months; youll have to follow up sooner if you develop symptoms, however.

• #18 Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen): Causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/enlarged-spleen

  Because other medical conditions tend to cause splenomegaly, treatment will usually start with addressing the underlying condition. For example, a person with splenomegaly related to sickle cell anemia will require blood transfusions or blood exchange transfusions. […] In some cases, such as a rupture or cancer, a surgeon may have to remove a persons spleen in a procedure known as splenectomy. Like the gallbladder or appendix, a person can live without their spleen. However, because the spleen contains so much blood, this type of surgery can be high risk due to excessive bleeding concerns. […] While undergoing treatment for the underlying condition, a person should be very careful to avoid sustaining abdominal injuries. Trauma to an enlarged spleen can easily cause the spleen to rupture, which can lead to life threatening bleeding. For example, a person should avoid playing contact sports when they have splenomegaly to reduce their risk of injury.

• #19 Splenomegaly – Hematology and Oncology – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/spleen-disorders/splenomegaly

  Treatment is directed at the underlying disorder. An enlarged spleen itself in an asymptomatic patient needs no treatment. If severe hypersplenism or early satiety due to encroachment on the stomach is present, treatment of the underlying etiologic condition (infection, hemolytic disorder) or splenectomy may be needed. […] Patients with palpable or very large spleens probably should avoid contact sports and weight-lifting to decrease the risk of splenic rupture.

• #20 Treatment of symptomatic splenomegaly with low doses of radiotherapy: Retrospective analysis and review of the literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7033798/

  Low doses of radiation therapy for symptomatic splenomegaly were effective, with a low rate of side effects. […] Patients needed radiation therapy for symptomatic control. […] Median radiation doses were 4.85 Gy (range 2.5-10). […] Splenic pain and abdominal disturbances improved in all patients. […] Low doses of radiotherapy in symptomatic splenomegaly treatment are effective with low rate of adverse effects for malignant or non-malignant diseases. […] Therefore, we consider splenic irradiation as first line treatment in symptomatic splenomegaly.

• #21 Hypersplenism: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24339-hypersplenism

  Hypersplenism is usually a side effect and an indicator of another, more important condition. If you haven’t yet been diagnosed or aren’t yet receiving treatment for that condition, your healthcare provider will focus on that first. They may need to order additional tests to determine the cause. […] Treatment for hypersplenism itself will depend on how severe it is. It may include: […] Low-dose radiation therapy or radiofrequency ablation: These are two methods healthcare providers use to target and destroy body tissues, such as tumors. They can treat hypersplenism by reducing your enlarged spleen to a more normal size. Your provider might suggest this if your hypersplenism is severe and if they can’t reduce it by treating your underlying condition. […] Splenectomy: In severe cases when other treatments haven’t worked, your provider might suggest removing part or all of your spleen. You can live without a spleen, but it does weaken your immune system. This may do more harm than good, depending on your underlying condition. For this reason, splenectomy is usually a last resort. If you do have one, your provider will recommend specific vaccines to protect you against common infections. In some cases, they may prescribe daily prophylactic (preventative) antibiotics to take after your splenectomy. […] Treating hypersplenism usually means treating the underlying condition. This is often enough to restore normal function to your spleen. If your condition persists, you may need blood transfusions to help restore your blood cell count, or your provider may choose to treat your spleen directly.

• #22 Pediatric Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958739-treatment

  Partial splenic embolization (PSE), the treatment of choice for symptomatic splenomegaly, is safe and effective. […] Splenectomy may be indicated in children with sickle cell anemia and a history of splenic sequestration crisis in order to prevent recurrences of the crisis. […] Splenectomy can cure hypersplenism but is not usually indicated because the secondary cytopenias rarely cause serious problems. However, in patients with portal hypertension, vascular shunts may be necessary to prevent esophageal variceal bleeding.

• #22 Pediatric Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958739-treatment

  Because splenomegaly is usually the result of a systemic disease, the primary goal is treatment of the underlying process. […] If the patient meets the appropriate criteria, splenectomy may be offered. Careful evaluation and planning are required prior to surgical removal of a child’s spleen. […] Some hemolytic conditions with severe manifestations will require splenectomy. Appropriate evaluation of the patient’s history and laboratory findings is key. […] In general, patients should be offered splenectomy only if there is severe transfusion-dependent anemia or symptomatic splenomegaly. Consult a hematologist to determine disease-specific guidelines for splenectomy. […] Splenectomy has been found to result in increased risk for several conditions, including stroke, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction.

• #22 Pediatric Splenomegaly Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958739-treatment

  The most closely correlated adverse effect of pediatric splenectomy is infection, with all persons without normal splenic function being at increased risk for infections and children being at higher risk than adults. […] Because splenomegaly is usually the result of a systemic disease, the primary goal is treatment of the underlying process. In certain circumstances, splenectomy may be the therapy of choice for symptoms or complications caused by the enlarged organ. However, because of the risk of overwhelming sepsis in children who are asplenic, the risks and benefits must be carefully weighed when splenectomy is being considered. […] Daily penicillin is recommended to prevent pneumococcal septicemia in asplenic children younger than 5 years. Antibiotic prophylaxis is often administered for several years after splenectomy in patients older than 5 years, but the role of prophylaxis in these children is less well documented than it is in others.

• #23 Splenomegaly: Diagnosis and Management in Adults | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p271.html

  Splenomegaly can be due to several mechanisms but is almost always a sign of a systemic condition. […] Management of splenomegaly involves treating the underlying disease process. Splenectomies and spleen reduction therapies are sometimes performed. […] Spleen reduction therapies (e.g., irradiation, chemotherapy, transfusions) and splenectomy are occasionally used for painful splenomegaly or in malignancies. Splenectomy can be performed to control esophageal varices in liver disease or to control pain and other symptoms caused by massive splenomegaly. […] In impaired splenic function caused by conditions such as sickle cell, HIV, splenic infarct, malignancy, or splenectomy, risk of infection with encapsulated organisms and influenza increases. […] Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and influenza virus lowers the risk of infections. […] Acute infections, anemia, and splenic rupture are the most common complications of splenomegaly.

• #24 Spleen problems and spleen removal | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/spleen-problems-and-spleen-removal/

  The spleen can become swollen after an infection or injury. It can also become enlarged as a result of a disease such as cirrhosis, leukaemia or rheumatoid arthritis. […] The spleen is not usually removed if its just enlarged. Instead, youll receive treatment for any underlying condition and your spleen will be monitored. Antibiotics may be prescribed if theres an infection. […] Surgery is only necessary if the enlarged spleen is causing serious complications or if the cause cant be found. […] An operation to remove the spleen, known as a splenectomy, may be needed if the spleen is damaged, diseased or enlarged. […] Most splenectomies are carried out using laparoscopy (keyhole surgery). […] Open surgery, where one large incision is made, may be needed if the spleen is too large or too damaged to be removed via keyhole surgery. […] Recovery usually takes a few weeks. Your doctor or nurse will advise when you can go back to your usual activities, such as driving.

• #25 Splenomegaly – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenomegaly

  If the splenomegaly underlies hypersplenism, a splenectomy is indicated and will correct the hypersplenism. However, the underlying cause of the hypersplenism will most likely remain; consequently, a thorough diagnostic workup is still indicated, as, leukemia, lymphoma and other serious disorders can cause hypersplenism and splenomegaly. After splenectomy, however, patients have an increased risk for infectious diseases. […] Patients undergoing splenectomy should be vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Meningococcus. They should also receive annual influenza vaccinations. Long-term prophylactic antibiotics may be given in certain cases.

• #26 Spleen problems and spleen removal

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/spleen-problems-and-spleen-removal/

  The spleen can become swollen after an infection or injury. It can also become enlarged as a result of a health condition, such as cirrhosis, leukaemia or rheumatoid arthritis. […] The spleen is not usually removed if it’s just enlarged. Instead, you’ll receive treatment for any underlying condition and your spleen will be monitored. You may be prescribed antibiotics if there’s an infection. […] You may need an operation to remove your spleen, known as a splenectomy, if it’s not working properly or it’s damaged, diseased or enlarged. […] Recovery usually takes a few weeks. Your doctor or nurse will advise when you can go back to your usual activities, such as driving. […] It’s recommended that you take low-dose antibiotics for at least 2 years, and in many cases, the rest of your life, to prevent bacterial infections.

• #27 Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20198836/

  An enlarged spleen is also known as splenomegaly (spleh-no-MEG-uh-lee). […] Treatment for an enlarged spleen depends on what’s causing it. Surgery to remove an enlarged spleen usually isn’t needed, but sometimes it’s recommended. […] Treatment for an enlarged spleen focuses on the what’s causing it. For example, if you have a bacterial infection, treatment will include antibiotics. […] If an enlarged spleen causes serious complications or the cause can’t be identified or treated, surgery to remove your spleen (splenectomy) might be an option. In chronic or critical cases, surgery might offer the best hope for recovery. […] After spleen removal, certain steps can help reduce your risk of infection, including: A series of vaccinations before and after the splenectomy. These include the pneumococcal (Pneumovax 23), meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines, which protect against pneumonia, meningitis and infections of the blood, bones and joints. You’ll also need the pneumococcal vaccine every five years after surgery. […] Taking penicillin or other antibiotics after your surgery and anytime you or your doctor suspects the possibility of an infection. […] Avoid contact sports such as soccer, football and hockey and limit other activities as recommended to reduce the risk of a ruptured spleen.

• #28 Splenectomy | Lymphoma Action

  https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/about-lymphoma-treatment-lymphoma/splenectomy

  Without a spleen, your immune system wont work as well as it used to. […] To help protect yourself from infection: Lower your risk of cuts and scratches for example, wear gloves for gardening. […] Be aware of the symptoms and signs of infection, including of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) contact a member of your medial team straightaway if you notice any, in case you need treatment.

• #29 Enlarged Spleen – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment – By Dr. Radhika Amulraj | Lybrate

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/treatment-of-enlarged-spleen/98592fc8d18c85cb0a9e838eb4a69348

  Treatment of Enlarged Spleen […] Homeopathic Treatment of Enlarged Spleen […] Homeopathic remedies are the true organ remedies for the enlarged spleen. It reduces pain and swelling of the spleen. A homeopathic remedy is very effective when the enlarged spleen is associated with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. Some of the homeopathic remedies for enlarged spleen are as follows: […] Acupuncture and Acupressure Treatment of Enlarged Spleen […] Acupuncture relieves by improving the physiological function of the organs and organ system. In acupuncture, the therapist will first diagnose the case on the basis of energy system or chi blockage as well as on the basis of the status of five elements. On this basis, certain disease specific acupoints are selected and stimulated. […] Conventional / Allopathic Treatment of Enlarged Spleen

• #29 Enlarged Spleen – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment – By Dr. Radhika Amulraj | Lybrate

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/treatment-of-enlarged-spleen/98592fc8d18c85cb0a9e838eb4a69348

  In the allopathic treatment of enlarged spleen, antibiotics are given to the patient. Along with the antibiotics, chemotherapy and radiation therapy is done. They help in killing the abnormal blood cells that cause the condition. This helps to reduce the size of the spleen and help the spleen to come back into normal shape and size. […] Surgical Treatment of Enlarged Spleen […] If an enlarged spleen causes serious complications or the underlying problem cant be identified or treated, surgical removal of your spleen (splenectomy) may be an option. There are two types of splenectomies the traditional open approach, using a full-size incision, and the laparoscopic approach, which uses several very small incisions. […] Dietary Herbal Treatment of Enlarged Spleen […] Avoid fatty and processed foods. Intake of high-fiber fruits such as apples, bananas, and blueberries. Drink plenty of water.

• #30 Suffering With Enlarged Spleen? Try These 5 Natural Remedies For Relief | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/natural-remedies-for-enlarged-spleen-1635859515

  Enlarged spleen is a condition in which the spleen present in the body gets enlarged due to health diseases. It is caused because aberration in the red blood cells. When the body performs in hyper function, then in order to compensate for the loss of breakdown in red blood cells, spleen gets bigger. […] We will discuss about some natural remedies to control and get relief from enlarged spleen. […] To get relief from enlarged spleen, you need to find out ways to control your diet and help to reduce inflammation. […] To address problems related to spleen and lymphatic nodes, the diet should be high in anti-oxidants, vitamins and minerals. […] Avoid eating food such as allergens, low quality animal food, sugary foods, snacks, processed food and refined vegetable oils. Instead you should have more fruits vegetables, nuts, seeds and spices in your diet.

• #30 Suffering With Enlarged Spleen? Try These 5 Natural Remedies For Relief | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/natural-remedies-for-enlarged-spleen-1635859515

  You need to indulge yourself into stress buster activities because chronic stress weakens down the immune system of the body and leads it to inflammation and digestive problems. […] This can be done through carious activities such as walking in parks, warms baths, practising your hobby and listening to music, etc. […] In some cases essential oils have proved to be extremely effective and have worked wonder for the person whereas some people only get a little relief from symptoms. […] Essential oils can be added with some carrier oil and then massage it over the region of spleen. Put the mixture around 2-3 times in a day to reduce the problem of enlarged spleen and functions related to it. […] Natural remedies also include exercise as a part of system to reduce the inflammation and control enlarged spleen. […] Regular workout can be key to healthy spleen and prevent spleen enlargement in the future as will by filtering lymph fluids. […] Getting to follow a healthy schedule and routine can reduce the problems and functions of enlarged spleen and reduce the risk of adversities. […] All this together can help bring down enlarged spleen.

• #31 Enlarged Spleen Symptoms, Warning Signs + 5 Treatments – Dr. Axe

  https://draxe.com/health/enlarged-spleen/

  Fortunately, there are a number of ways you can help protect yourself from developing or worsening an enlarged spleen. […] Anyone who has an enlarged spleen should be careful to avoid any type of rough contact, especially near the abdomen, since this can cause a ruptured spleen. […] The best way to support your spleen and entire lymphatic and digestive systems is to eat a diet high in antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and essential fluids. […] Regularly exercising benefits your spleen because it helps keep blood flowing and fluids moving through your body. […] To help combat high amounts of stress, make it a priority to try relaxing exercises like being more active, doing hobbies you love, spending time in nature, taking warm baths, breathing exercises and so on. […] Several essential oils are beneficial for improving the bodys ability to drain swelling, fight infections, increase blood flow and reduce pain.

• #32 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.belmarrahealth.com/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly-causes-symptoms-spleen-pain-and-treatment/

  Prognosis for an enlarged spleen depends on the underlying illness causing it. For some patients, once the underlying cause is dealt with, the enlarged spleen will go back to its normal size. In other cases, the spleen may be removed to prevent rupturing. Depending on your condition, your doctor will be better equipped to provide you with a prognosis.

• #33 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/splenomegaly

  Splenomegaly is an enlarged spleen. This can cause stomach discomfort, decreased blood flow and filtering, and anemia. It can even lead to a ruptured spleen, so taking precautions and seeing a doctor is necessary. […] To treat your enlarged spleen, your doctor will have to treat the underlying cause. If the cause of your enlarged spleen is an infection, your doctor may or may not prescribe you antibiotics depending on the organism causing the infection. […] In serious cases, your doctor might suggest that you have your spleen removed, which is called a splenectomy. […] With treatment of the underlying cause of your enlarged spleen, you can go on to live a normal, healthy life.

• #34 Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.ganeshdiagnostic.com/blog/enlarged-spleen-splenomegaly-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  Splenomegaly is an extended spleen. This could cause stomach inconvenience, diminished blood stream and sifting, and frailty. It can indeed lead to a burst spleen, so taking safety measures and seeing a specialist is necessary. […] To treat your broadened spleen, your doctor will treat the basic cause. In case the cause of your broadened spleen contamination, your specialist may or may not endorse anti-microbials depending on the life form causing the contamination. […] It’s completely conceivable to live a typical, solid life after having your spleen expelled. Your chance of creating infections throughout your life may increase. But you’ll decrease your chance of getting infection after getting suitable immunizations. […] With treatment of the fundamental cause of your broadened spleen, you’ll go tannin nan an ordinary, solid life.

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