Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atrial Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535440/

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects, occurring in about 25% of children. […] Small ASDs usually close spontaneously in childhood. Large defects that do not close on their own may require percutaneous or surgical intervention to prevent further complications, such as stroke, dysrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension. […] ASDs are frequently asymptomatic. However, in symptomatic patients, a soft, systolic ejection murmur over the pulmonic area (2nd intercostal space) combined with a wide, fixed S2 splitting is characteristic. […] Many ASDs go undiagnosed until adulthood. Therefore, treatment is often delayed, especially of large defects. Untreated large defects can cause exercise intolerance, cardiac dysrhythmias, palpitations, increased risk of pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, and increased mortality.

• #2 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) sometimes called a hole in the heart is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). […] The symptoms caused by an ASD depend on its size and its location. Most kids who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Most grow and gain weight normally. […] Children with larger, more severe ASDs, though, might have some of these signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, extreme tiredness, shortness of breath, lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. […] An ASD that isn’t treated in childhood can lead to health problems later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood.

• #2 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  As kids with ASDs get older, they also might be at an increased risk for stroke because a blood clot could form, pass through the hole in the septum, and travel to the brain. Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs) also may develop over time in older patients with larger untreated ASDs. […] After their ASD is closed and they’ve had plenty of time to heal, most kids have no further symptoms or problems.

• #3

  https://www.nccs.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] Many babies born with atrial septal defects do not exhibit signs and symptoms. In adults, signs or symptoms usually begin by age 30, depending on the size of the defect and the flow across. However, in some cases, the signs and symptoms may not occur until years later. […] Signs and symptoms of atrial septal defects (ASD) may include: Heart palpitations or skipped beats, Frequent lung infections, Shortness of breath, especially when exercising, Fatigue, Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen, Stroke, Heart murmur, a whooshing sound that can be heard through a stethoscope.

• #4 Atrial Septal Defect – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects occur in a small percentage of children born with congenital heart disease. For unknown reasons, girls have atrial septal defects twice as often as boys. […] Over time, this heart defect can cause lung problems if not repaired. When blood passes through the ASD from the left atrium to the right atrium, a larger volume of blood than normal must be handled by the right side of the heart. This extra blood passes through the pulmonary artery into the lungs, causing higher amounts of blood flow than normal in the vessels in the lungs. […] Most children have no symptoms and seem healthy. Some infants or small children with other lung problems become symptomatic due to the extra blood flow to the lungs. The following are the most common symptoms of atrial septal defect. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Child tires easily when playing, Fatigue, Sweating, Rapid breathing, Shortness of breath, Poor growth, Frequent respiratory infections. […] The symptoms of an atrial septal defect may resemble other medical conditions or heart problems. Always consult your child’s physician for a diagnosis.

• #5 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/symptoms-causes/syc-20369715

  A baby born with an atrial septal defect (ASD) may not have symptoms. Symptoms may begin in adulthood. […] Atrial septal defect symptoms may include: Shortness of breath, especially when exercising. Tiredness, especially with activity. Swelling of the legs, feet or belly area. Irregular heartbeats, also called arrhythmias. Skipped heartbeats or feelings of a quick, pounding or fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. […] Larger atrial septal defects can cause serious complications, including: Right-sided heart failure. Irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias. Stroke. Early death. High blood pressure in the lung arteries, called pulmonary hypertension. […] A large atrial septal defect can send extra blood to the lungs and cause the right side of the heart to work too hard. Without treatment, the right side of the heart grows larger over time and becomes weak. The blood pressure in the arteries in the lungs also can increase, causing pulmonary hypertension.

• #6 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Children with an ASD often have no symptoms. […] If the opening is large, the only abnormal finding may be a murmur (noise heard with a stethoscope) and other abnormal heart sounds. […] In children with a large ASD, the main risk is to the blood vessels in the lungs because more blood than normal is being pumped there. Over time, usually many years, this may cause permanent damage to the lung blood vessels. […] Some patients with ASD have no symptoms. […] If the opening is large, it may cause mild shortness of breath, especially with exercise. […] The increased blood in the lung may increase a patient’s susceptibility to pneumonia and bronchitis. […] However, with progressive damage to the lung vessels, the pressures in the lung may rise, and the patient can become more severely limited, eventually developing Eisenmenger’s syndrome, described below.

• #7 Atrial Septal Defect: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-overview

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the more commonly recognized congenital cardiac anomalies presenting in adults. It is characterized by an abnormal connection between the upper chambers of the heart, allowing for mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated bloodthus, a defect or hole in the interatrial septum allows pulmonary venous return (oxygenated blood) from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium (left-to-right shunt). While often diagnosed in childhood, the clinical presentation of some ASDs may be subtle, thus delaying diagnosis until adulthood. […] Small ASDs may not produce any noticeable signs or symptoms, whereas large defects may lead to significant issues with right ventricular enlargement and resultant heart failure and poor growth in childhood or pulmonary arterial hypertension and atrial arrhythmias in adulthood.

• #8 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Atrial septal defects are present from birth, although patients may not experience symptoms until adulthood. […] In most children, atrial septal defects do not produce any symptoms. Instead, a healthcare provider may diagnose the problem when they detect an unusual sound listening to the heart with a stethoscope (a heart murmur). […] When atrial septal defect symptoms do occur in children, they are non-specific and most often include: Frequent respiratory infections, Delayed growth, Poor appetite and low body weight, Tiring easily with exercise. […] Adults are far more likely than children to have symptoms related to an atrial septal defect. […] Symptoms usually occur by age 40 and may include: Shortness of breath during exercise, Tiredness, Rapid or pounding heartbeat, Swelling in the arms and legs. […] Young patients who experience symptoms are more likely to require early treatment.

• #9 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/ped-heart/conditions/atrial-septal-defect

  Even if the atrial septal defect is large, there are usually minimal or no symptoms during infancy and childhood. […] Occasionally, infants with large atrial septal defects develop symptoms of congestive heart failure. Some children have problems with fatigue and/or shortness of breath with exercise. Health related effects of even large atrial septal defects generally do not occur before the third decade of life. […] Long term effects of moderate to large atrial septal defects can include abnormal heart rhythms, most often atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. This problem is related to stretching of the atrial chamber from the extra blood flow. This creates a situation where the heart’s upper chambers can start to beat very rapidly causing symptoms of palpitations, dizziness, fainting, and/or undue fatigue. […] Another possible health problem related to an atrial septal defect is stroke. Stroke can occur when small blood clots travel across the defect and out the left side of the heart to the brain.

• #10 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Symptoms of atrial septal defect (ASD) will vary depending on the size of the hole. A small ASD may not cause any symptoms, and my only be identified when a heart murmur is heard during routine examination. […] People with larger ASDs may experience the following symptoms: Growth delays in childhood, Tiring during feeding (infants), Fatigue during exercise, Breathing issues, Arrythmias, Frequent respiratory infections, Heart palpitations, Heart murmur, Swelling in the feet, legs and stomach, Stroke. […] However smaller ASDs may not be diagnosed until later in life when they start to cause symptoms.

• #11 Atrial Septal Defect: Causes and Symptoms

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/atrial-septal-defect

  Most babies and children who have an ASD might not have any symptoms. In fact, many babies grow normally. […] In others, common symptoms of ASDs include: Heart murmur (an extra sound when listening to the heart with a stethoscope). Breathing faster than usual. Sweating more than usual. In babies, fast breathing or sweating more while eating. […] If left untreated, lung damage can become permanent and life-threatening. Some children can also develop pneumonia (build-up of fluid in the lungs) or have asthma-like breathing problems.

• #12 Atrial Septic Defects (ASD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/asd

  When an atrial septal defect is present, blood flows through the hole mostly from the left atrium to the right atrium. This blood flow pattern increases the blood volume in the right atrium. This means more blood flows through the lungs than would normally. […] If left untreated, atrial septal defects may cause problems in adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is high blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure (weakening of the heart muscle), atrial arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms or beating of the heart) and an increased risk of stroke. […] In most children, atrial septal defects cause no symptoms. A large defect may allow too much blood flow through it. This can cause congestive heart failure symptoms. Symptoms include shortness of breath, getting tired easily, or poor growth. This is uncommon.

• #13 Atrial Septal Defect – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://www.kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21827-atrial-septal-defect

  Symptoms from an atrial septal defect are actually quite uncommon. The majority of children, even those with large holes, rarely have any noticeable symptoms. […] Occasionally infants with large ASDs may develop rapid breathing due to excess blood flow to the lungs. This may be more obvious during times of exertion, such as feeding. Other symptoms might include sweating or tachycardia. Adolescents and young adults may develop fatigue with exercise. Symptoms such as chest pain or palpitations are unusual.

• #14 Atrial septal defect causes, symptoms and types

  https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/atrial-septal-defect

  Due to hemodynamic disturbance, the risk of clot formation increases, which can cause a heart attack or a stroke. […] The only sign of the defect in the first month of life can be cyanosis that occurs during crying or restlessness. […] If the defect is medium to large in size, the first signs of disorder appear in 3-4 months and include very pale skin, tachycardia, insufficient weight gain. Affected children often suffer from respiratory diseases accompanied by a long-lasting wet cough. The pulmonary circle hypervolemia is manifested by dyspnoe and dizziness. In older children, excessive fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion occur. […] If the size of the defect does not exceed 15 mm, the child does not suffer from health disorders. In such cases, the first disease signs may appear in 20-30 years. As a rule, after 20 years of age, heart failure develops, arrhythmia, and other symptoms of circulatory disorders are to be expected.

• #15 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Even though an atrial septal defect is present at birth, many people dont have symptoms until far into adulthood. […] The most common (and often the only) sign of an atrial septal defect is a heart murmur. A healthcare provider will notice it when listening to your childs heart with a stethoscope. […] When children do have other atrial septal defect symptoms, they include a weight thats less than what it should be, growth delays and recurrent respiratory infections. Rarely, children have fatigue when physically active, trouble breathing and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). […] Adults with an atrial septal defect may feel symptoms by age 40. Symptoms depend on how much the issue has strained your heart and lungs. They include: Fatigue, Shortness of breath with physical activity, Heart palpitations, Fast heartbeat (tachycardia), Swelling (edema) in your arms and legs, Blue skin color (cyanosis).

• #16 Atrial septal defect – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/atrial-septal-defect

  There are usually no signs of ASD at birth. Sometimes, the only sign is an extra, unusual sound in the heartbeat called a murmur. Your doctor can hear this through a stethoscope. […] In rare cases, ASD may cause signs and symptoms in children such as; shortness of breath, especially when exercising, being very tired, being underweight and slow growth, respiratory infections such as throat and lung infections, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). […] Adults with ASD may also have signs and symptoms such as; shortness of breath, you may not be able to exercise for long, feeling tired, irregular or extra heart beats, fainting, lung infections. […] If left untreated, an ASD can sometimes cause pulmonary hypertension (increased pressure in the lungs). This is because the extra blood from the right atrium makes the lungs work harder resulting in damage to the lung arteries. Other heart and lungs problems that ASDs can cause include; heart failure, Eisenmenger syndrome, leaky heart valves, stroke.

• #17 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, frequent lung or respiratory infections in children. […] Atrial septal defects in childhood tend to not cause significant symptoms and are picked up most commonly at a murmur examination, or when an echocardiogram is done for another reason. […] In children, other ASD symptoms may include: Fatigue, Poor appetite and growth, Shortness of breath, Frequent lung or respiratory infections. […] If an ASD is discovered in adulthood, the symptoms may be different. They may include: Skipped heartbeats, palpitations or other abnormal heart sounds, Shortness of breath, especially during exercise, Susceptibility to bronchitis and pneumonia, Fatigue, Swelling in the abdomen, feet, or legs. […] Large ASDs that aren’t treated can lead to such serious issues as arrhythmia and stroke.

• #18 Atrial Septal Defect – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/atrial-septal-defect/

  A small ASD may not cause any symptoms. A moderate or large defect may not cause symptoms until later in childhood or adulthood. A larger defect may cause symptoms soon after birth. […] Symptoms may include: Tiring quickly when playing (exercise intolerance), Breathing fast or working hard to breathe (shortness of breath), Abnormal heartbeat (arrhythmia), Feeding problems, Poor weight gain or slow growth (failure to thrive), Frequent lung (respiratory) infections, like pneumonia or bronchitis. […] Without treatment, large defects can increase the risk for heart or blood vessel problems later in life. These problems may include heart failure, stroke and higher pressure than normal in the blood vessels of the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #19 Atrial Septal Defects | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/atrial-septal-defects

  A child born with a hole between the two upper chambers of the heart has a condition known as atrial septal defect (ASD). […] A hole in the atrial septum allows blood from the left atrium to enter the right side of the heart. This can lead to enlargement of the right side of the heart, too much fluid in the lungs and heart failure. […] When symptoms are present, they may develop within the first few months of life, during childhood or later in life. Possible symptoms include: Trouble eating or gaining weight (failure to thrive), Fast breathing or working hard to breathe, Frequent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath during activity, Feeling the heart beat (palpitations), Abnormal heart rhythms. […] Many people with an ASD have no symptoms, especially if the hole is small. […] Symptoms may appear soon after birth, or there may be no symptoms until later in life.

• #20 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/atrial-septal-defect/

  What are the signs and symptoms of atrial septal defect (ASD)? Your child’s atrial septal defect symptoms will depend on the size and location of the septum hole. Most children with atrial septal defects have no outward symptoms, and they grow and gain weight normally. […] Atrial septal defect symptoms in babies with larger, more severe holes may experience poor growth and weight gain, decreased appetite, fatigue and shortness of breath. Recurring lung problems and pneumonia are also potential signs of the condition. Some children faint, particularly after exercise or activity. […] An atrial septal defect in children may increase the risk of stroke and lung infections caused by the extra blood pushing through the lungs.

• #21 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/heart/conditions-we-treat/atrial-septal-defect

  Many children have no symptoms and seem healthy. If the ASD is large, your child may have symptoms. Your child may: […] Symptoms include tiring easily, fast breathing, shortness of breath, poor growth, arrhythmias, and frequent respiratory infections.

• #22 Atrial Septal Defects Symptoms, and Treatment | Dr. C Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/resources/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defects/

  Usually after birth, babies who have ASD may not show any associated signs and symptoms. But, symptoms may appear during adulthood around the age of 30 years. Most of them don’t have any symptoms even after many years. […] Some of the common symptoms associated with ASD are: Heart murmur, a swishing sound that can be heard through a stethoscope, Heart palpitations, Arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), Fatigue (feeling tired mainly after exercise), Shortness of breath, Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen, Stroke, Lung infections such as pneumonia. […] Complications of an untreated ASD: Right-sided heart failure, Arrhythmias, Increased risk of a stroke, Shortened life span, Pulmonary hypertension (increased blood flow to the lungs results in increased blood pressure in the lung arteries), Eisenmenger syndrome (pulmonary hypertension causing permanent lung damage).

• #23 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=atrial-septal-defect-asd-in-children-90-P01766

  Many children have no symptoms and seem healthy. If the ASD is large, your child may have symptoms. Your child may: […] Symptoms of an atrial septum defect include tiring easily, fast breathing, shortness of breath, poor growth, arrhythmias, and frequent respiratory infections. […] Older children and adults with ASDs may have migraine headaches. But it’s not clear if the ASD is the cause. A small blood clot that forms in the bloodstream that may cause a stroke can be linked to ASD in older children and adults. But it does not appear that closing the defect or taking blood thinners (anticoagulants) decreases risk. […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care. Children are more likely to have problems if an ASD is diagnosed later in life and never repaired. Or they may have problems if complications occur after closing the defect. […] Large ASDs may cause lung problems over time if not treated. This is because the extra blood passing through the defect and then into the lungs may harm the vessels in the lungs.

• #24 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Closures | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/heart/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-closures

  Many children have no symptoms and seem healthy. If the ASD is large, your child may have symptoms. Your child may: […] Symptoms include tiring easily, fast breathing, shortness of breath, poor growth, arrhythmias, and frequent respiratory infections. […] Older children and adults with ASDs may have migraine headaches. But it’s not clear if the ASD is the cause. A small blood clot that forms in the bloodstream that may cause a stroke can be linked to ASD in older children and adults. But it does not seem that closing the defect or taking blood thinners (anticoagulants) decreases risk. […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care. Children are more likely to have problems if an ASD is diagnosed later in life and never repaired. Or they may have problems if complications occur after closing the defect.

• #25 Atrial Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535440/

  Patients with smaller heart defects, ie, less than 5 mm, may not develop any symptoms. In contrast, individuals with defects ranging from 5 to 10 mm typically experience symptoms in the 4th or 5th decade of life. Patients with larger defects present earlier, in the 3rd decade of life. Symptoms may include dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, palpitations, and signs of right-sided heart failure. […] Approximately 20% of adult patients develop atrial tachydysrhythmias preoperatively. Evidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack, especially following the diagnosis of a peripheral blood clot, should raise suspicion for an ASD. […] The prognosis for individuals with ASDs is primarily influenced by the defect’s size, the occurrence of complications, and the age at diagnosis. Small defects often close spontaneously in infancy and may not require intervention, while larger defects can lead to symptoms like right-sided heart failure, arrhythmias, and pulmonary hypertension if untreated. Timely closure of significant ASDs typically results in favorable outcomes, with a reduced risk of long-term complications. However, untreated large defects, particularly those associated with Eisenmenger syndrome, can lead to irreversible damage and reduced life expectancy.

• #26 Atrial Septal Defects – Clinical Manifestations, Echo Assessment, and Intervention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4373719/

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital abnormality that occurs in the form of ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, and rarely, coronary sinus defects. Pathophysiologic consequences of ASDs typically begin in adulthood, and include arrhythmia, paradoxical embolism, cerebral abscess, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular failure. […] The clinical course is variable. Very small ASDs (diameter 5 mm) may not have significant clinical consequences, while a defect of 510 mm may lead to symptoms in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Larger defects (generally 10 mm) typically present with symptoms in the third decade of life. Normal aging is associated with increased left ventricular stiffness and concomitant impairments in diastolic filling, leading to an increase in left to right shunting across the ASD and right ventricular volume overload.

• #26 Atrial Septal Defects – Clinical Manifestations, Echo Assessment, and Intervention

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4373719/

  When symptoms occur, patients often first notice dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, or palpitations. Some patients may present with syncope or even with peripheral edema from overt right heart failure and others may develop recurrent pulmonary infections. […] Atrial tachyarrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation and flutter, are present preoperatively in about one-fifth of adults with ASDs. […] If fixed pulmonary hypertension develops, this may mark a late disease stage and decreased survival. […] On physical examination, a patient with an ASD may have a right ventricular heave, systolic flow murmur in the pulmonary valve region due to increased pulmonary flow, a fixed split second heart sound, or a diastolic flow rumble across the tricuspid valve. […] In summary, ASDs are a common congenital abnormality that most commonly occur as an ostium secundum defect. Left to right shunting generally leads to right ventricular overload and symptoms in adulthood.

• #27 Atrial septal defect (ASD): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000157.htm

  A person with no other heart defect, or a small defect (less than 5 millimeters) may not have any symptoms, or symptoms may not occur until middle age or later. […] Symptoms that do occur may begin at any time after birth through childhood. They can include: […] Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) […] Frequent respiratory infections in children […] Feeling the heart beat (palpitations) in adults […] Shortness of breath with activity. […] In infants, small ASDs (less than 5 mm) will often not cause problems, or will close without treatment. Larger ASDs (8 to 10 mm), often do not close and may need a repair. […] Important factors include the size of the defect, the amount of extra blood flowing through the opening, the size of the right side of the heart, and whether the person has any symptoms.

• #28 Atrial septal defect – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

  By 40s, patients may develop symptoms […] Small ASDs 5 mm in diameter may not generate symptoms […] 5-10 mm defects lead to symptoms in 4th and 5th decade of life […] 10 mm defects present with symptoms in 3rd decade […] A patient may be asymptomatic or have any of the following features: Dyspnea on Exertion, CHF, Palpitations, Syncope, Right heart failure, A. fib, Stroke (via an embolism), Pulmonary hypertension, marker of late disease and increased mortality […] Eisenmenger syndrome.

• #29 Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  A baby born with an atrial septal defect (ASD) may not have symptoms. Symptoms may begin in adulthood. […] Atrial septal defect symptoms may include: Shortness of breath, especially when exercising. Tiredness, especially with activity. Swelling of the legs, feet or belly area. Irregular heartbeats, also called arrhythmias. Skipped heartbeats or feelings of a quick, pounding or fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. […] A large atrial septal defect can send extra blood to the lungs and cause the right side of the heart to work too hard. Without treatment, the right side of the heart grows larger over time and becomes weak. The blood pressure in the arteries in the lungs also can increase, causing pulmonary hypertension. […] Larger atrial septal defects can cause serious complications, including: Right-sided heart failure. Irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias. Stroke. Early death. High blood pressure in the lung arteries, called pulmonary hypertension. […] People with large atrial septal defects who do not have surgery to close the hole often have worse long-term outcomes. They may have more trouble doing everyday activities. This is called reduced functional capacity. They also are at greater risk for irregular heartbeats and pulmonary hypertension.

• #30 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital | Northwell Health

  https://nsuh.northwell.edu/heart-hospital/find-care/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  There often are no symptoms, especially if the hole is small. […] In adults, symptoms of ASD often begin by age 30 but in some cases may not occur until much later. […] ASD symptoms may include: Heart murmur, a whooshing sound that can be heard through a stethoscope, Shortness of breath, especially when exercising, Fatigue, Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen, Heart palpitations or skipped beats, Frequent lung infections, Stroke, Bluish skin color, Heart failure. […] Sometimes an ASD is diagnosed only later in life because the hearts ability to pump has been compromised.

• #31

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] Many babies born with atrial septal defects do not exhibit signs and symptoms. In adults, signs or symptoms usually begin by age 30, depending on the size of the defect and the flow across. However, in some cases, the signs and symptoms may not occur until years later. […] Signs and symptoms of atrial septal defects (ASD) may include: Heart palpitations or skipped beats, Frequent lung infections, Shortness of breath, especially when exercising, Fatigue, Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen, Stroke, Heart murmur, a whooshing sound that can be heard through a stethoscope.

• #32 Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect

  https://www.drprakashchandwani.com/health-tips/symptoms-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Chronic fatigue is common among those with ASD. The hearts inefficiency in pumping blood due to the defect means that muscles and organs may not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients, leading to persistent tiredness. This can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life. […] Many people with ASD report feeling an irregular or unusually fast heartbeat. These palpitations can be due to the extra blood flow through the atrial septum, which can disrupt normal heart rhythms. In some cases, this can lead to arrhythmias that require medical attention. […] Fluid retention is a symptom that arises from the hearts reduced efficiency. As the heart struggles to pump blood effectively, fluid can accumulate in the extremities and abdomen, causing noticeable swelling. This condition, known as edema, can also be a sign of heart failure.

• #32 Symptoms of Atrial Septal Defect

  https://www.drprakashchandwani.com/health-tips/symptoms-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  In severe cases, a bluish tint to the skin, lips, or nails can occur. Cyanosis indicates that not enough oxygen-rich blood is being circulated throughout the body. This symptom is more common when there are other heart defects present alongside ASD, compounding the effect on oxygenation. […] Although less common, ASD can increase the risk of stroke. The defect can allow blood clots to pass from the right to the left side of the heart and then to the brain, leading to a stroke. This risk underscores the importance of monitoring and managing the condition, particularly in adults. […] People with ASD often struggle with physical activities that require endurance. The inefficiency of the heart in delivering oxygenated blood makes sustaining exercise difficult, leading to early fatigue and reduced physical performance. This can discourage participation in sports and other active pursuits.

• #33 Atrial Septal Defect – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/atrial-septal-defect/

  In adulthood, symptoms are often subtle. You may have decreased exercise tolerance, shortness of breath, increased fatigue, irregular heartbeats, palpitations and/or fainting. If left untreated, you might be at increased risk for stroke, heart failure and/or increased pressure in the lungs, known as pulmonary hypertension (PH). […] Up to 40% of secundum ASDs close on their own by adulthood. If the ASD remains but is small, closure is usually not recommended. However, if you develop symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or PH, or if your right ventricle becomes enlarged, repair may be considered. […] Adults with small ASDs that do not affect heart function usually dont require treatment. It is still important to see an ACHD doctor at least once to make sure nothing has changed. On the other hand, if the hole between the two sides is too big, blood then flows from the left side of the heart into the right side. As a result, extra blood is pumped to the lungs, making the heart and lungs work harder and less efficiently. When this happens, there is a greater risk of developing other heart, lung, and blood problems, including:

• #33 Atrial Septal Defect – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/atrial-septal-defect/

  With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, the outcome is generally excellent. Those whose ASD is diagnosed and closed in adulthood and who have normal pulmonary artery pressures are also expected to have a good long-term outcome. They do, however, have an associated risk of developing atrial arrhythmias because of scars at the area of closure. In a small number, re-operation may be needed if a leak occurs at the closure area. Other risks that can occur at a later time include the chance of developing heart failure or PH.

• #34 Atrial Septal Defect

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital cardiac disorder. […] Symptoms may, however, begin any time after birth through childhood. The most common symptom of ASD is dyspnea on exertion, which for most does not occur until they are in their second or third decade of life. […] Signs or symptoms usually begin by age 30 years in adults; however, in some cases they may not occur until decades later. […] While most isolated ASDs are well tolerated, some neonates may be vulnerable to profound congestive heart failure. […] Most small defects are asymptomatic, and even moderately sized defects may produce no symptoms, or not produce symptoms until middle age. […] With advancing age, symptoms such as exercise intolerance, dyspnea, fatigue, and atrial arrhythmias (with or without palpitations) become more common; 90% of untreated patients experience these symptoms, or may show evidence of heart failure, by the age of 40 years.

• #34 Atrial Septal Defect

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/atrial-septal-defect

  Swelling of the legs, feet, or abdomen and bluish skin color may also be symptoms of ASD. […] Patients with ASD are at an increased risk for complications, which develop over many years and include pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. […] Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter occurs in approximately 20% of adults who have an unrepaired ASD, with atrial fibrillation predominating in the majority of patients; incidence of these conditions increases with age. […] Frequent respiratory infections may be seen in children. […] A small-to-moderate atrial septal defect may be associated with a normal life span without symptoms, as compared to larger defects which may cause disability by middle age. […] Mortality in patients with ASD is low. […] In general, it is advised that all ASD patients with evidence of right ventricular overload or with a clinically significant shunt have elective closure; the absence of symptoms is not a contraindication for repair. […] However, excluding contraindications to surgery, surgical closure can be performed even in elderly patients with large (persistent) shunts, with low risk and good results in reducing ASD-associated symptoms.

• #35 Atrial Septal Defect Symptoms and Causes | Hole in Heart

  https://www.structuralheart.abbott/patients/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Severity of atrial septal defect symptoms often depends on the size of the hole in heart. Large ASDs may cause fatigue, shortness of breath, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia and/or an enlarged heart. Symptoms of atrial septal defect may include: […] An ASD is an abnormal opening (a hole) in the tissue wall between the atria. Typically, there is lower resistance to flow on the right side of the heart, which causes the oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to flow through the opening and into the right atrium. This results in too much blood flow to the lungs and can cause heart failure.

• #36 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  If you have any of these symptoms, call your healthcare provider right away. These symptoms could mean you have an untreated atrial septal defect. Or they could mean you have another cardiovascular problem that needs treatment. If you have chest pain, you should call 911 or your local emergency number. […] A small atrial septal defect doesnt affect your body much. But a larger one can strain the right side of your heart. Thats because it has to pump extra blood out to your lungs. This extra blood flow can slowly damage the blood vessels in your lungs as well. […] Problems with large atrial septal defects include: Right heart enlargement. This can lead to heart failure if left uncorrected for a very long time. […] Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). At least half of adults over age 40 with an ASD heart have an arrhythmia like atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. […] Stroke. This is a shortage of blood flow to your brain. […] Pulmonary hypertension. This is high blood pressure in the arteries that supply blood to your lungs. […] Eisenmenger syndrome. This condition can happen if you have an ASD heart along with severe pulmonary hypertension.

• #37 Pediatric Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  A small opening in the atrial septum allows a small amount of blood to pass through from the left atrium to the right atrium. A large opening allows more blood to pass through and mix with the normal blood flow in the right heart. […] The lungs are able to cope with this extra blood flow for a long period of time. In some patients, the extra blood flow eventually raises the blood pressure in the lungs, usually after several decades. This then hardens the blood vessels in the lungs, causing them to be diseased, resulting in irreversible changes in the lungs. […] Specific treatment for ASD will be determined by your child’s physician based on: […] Secundum atrial septal defects may close spontaneously as a child grows. Once an atrial septal defect is diagnosed, your child’s cardiologist will evaluate your child periodically to see whether it is closing on its own.

• #38 Atrial Septal Defect | Structural Heart | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/structural-heart/conditions/atrial-septal-defect

  If you have an atrial septal defect, you may not experience symptoms until adulthood. […] If the hole is larger, the most common symptoms are a heart murmur (an unusual sound during a heartbeat) and mild shortness of breath. […] If it’s not repaired, a large ASD can damage the heart and lungs over time. You may eventually experience symptoms of heart failure in adulthood, including: Fatigue, Fluid buildup in the lungs, Shortness of breath, Swelling in the abdomen, legs, ankles, feet and veins in the neck, Tiring quickly during physical activity.

• #39 Atrial septal defect – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

  If a net flow of blood exists from the left atrium to the right atrium, called a left-to-right shunt, then an increase in the blood flow through the lungs happens. Initially, this increased blood flow is asymptomatic, but if it persists, the pulmonary blood vessels may stiffen, causing pulmonary hypertension, which increases the pressures in the right side of the heart, leading to the reversal of the shunt into a right-to-left shunt. Reversal of the shunt occurs, and the blood flowing in the opposite direction through the ASD is called Eisenmenger’s syndrome, a rare and late complication of an ASD.

• #39 Atrial septal defect – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. […] However, an ASD may not produce noticeable signs or symptoms, especially if the defect is small. […] Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD do not have significant symptoms through early adulthood. More than 70% develop symptoms by about 40 years of age. Symptoms are typically decreased exercise tolerance, easy fatigability, palpitations, and syncope. […] Complications of an uncorrected secundum ASD include pulmonary hypertension, right-sided congestive heart failure. […] While pulmonary hypertension is unusual before 20 years of age, it is seen in 50% of individuals above the age of 40. Progression to Eisenmenger’s syndrome occurs in 5 to 10% of individuals late in the disease process.

• #40 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (the septum) between the heart’s two uppermost chambers, the right and left atrium. This hole allows blood to flow in either direction between the left and right atrium. ASDs may cause several problems. First, the right side of the heart now contains extra blood, and extra blood also now flows to the lungs. These problems with blood flow put strain on the heart because it has to pump this extra blood to the lungs. In addition, the strain put on this right side of the heart causes it to become weak or enlarged. This can lead to heart failure if left untreated. […] Most patients do not have any symptoms in childhood. However, symptoms that might develop over time, depending on the severity of the ASD and other factors, include: Shortness of breath, fatigue, and labored breathing while exercising, Irregular heartbeats, Transient ischemic attacks (TIA), which result in stroke-like symptoms, Stroke, Pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lung, and can lead to heart failure if not treated, Reduction in lifespan of about 20 years on average if the ASD is not closed.

• #41 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369720

  Some atrial septal defects (ASDs) are found before or soon after a child is born. But smaller ones may not be found until later in life. […] If an ASD is present, a healthcare professional may hear a whooshing sound called a heart murmur when listening to the heart with a device called a stethoscope. […] An atrial septal defect may close on its own during childhood. For small holes that don’t close, regular health checkups may be the only care needed. […] People with large atrial septal defects who do not have surgery to close the hole often have worse long-term outcomes. They may have more trouble doing everyday activities. This is called reduced functional capacity. They also are at greater risk for irregular heartbeats and pulmonary hypertension.

• #42 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A Complete Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/atrial-septal-defect-asd-a-complete-guide/

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart anomaly that requires attention. […] While some ASDs are small and may not manifest any symptoms, larger defects can result in noticeable signs: Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity, Fatigue, Swelling in the legs, feet, or abdomen, Palpitations or skipped beats, Frequent lung infections, Stroke. […] Children with ASDs might also display: Poor growth and development, Difficulty feeding (in infants), Tiring quickly during play. […] If you or your child exhibits any of the symptoms of an ASD, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider. Early detection can pave the way for more effective treatments and better health outcomes. […] Untreated ASD can lead to complications in the long run, such as right-sided heart failure, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, or stroke. Therefore, timely interventions, which might include medications, catheter procedures, or open-heart surgery, are critical. […] Atrial Septal Defect, while congenital, can be managed with the right interventions and regular medical oversight. Awareness about its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures can lead to early diagnosis and better health outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

• #43 Atrial Septal Defect | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) occurs when there is a hole or opening in the wall (septum) separating the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). […] Signs and symptoms of ASD for both children and adults include: Tiring easily during activity or playing, Fatigue, Sweating, Shortness of breath, Rapid breathing, Frequent respiratory illness, Swollen legs, feet, or abdomen, Heart murmur, Slow growth (in children). […] Atrial septal defect, or ASD, is serious if left untreated or undiagnosed. However, with the proper diagnosis and treatment, someone with ASD can expect to live a normal life. […] It is possible to live your entire life without experiencing any symptoms from ASD or even knowing of its presence. However, once you are diagnosed, a physician will decide how much and how frequently to monitor the condition and if medications, nonsurgical, or surgical procedures are necessary. […] Atrial septal defect is one of the most common congenital heart defects, affecting about 25% of children. ASD can sometimes go undetected and undiagnosed until adulthood.

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