Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A Complete Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/atrial-septal-defect-asd-a-complete-guide/

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect, meaning its present at birth. The exact cause of an ASD remains unknown, but its believed to result from a combination of genes, environmental factors, and, in some cases, certain medications taken during pregnancy. […] While not all instances of ASD can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk: Regular Prenatal Care: Ensure regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the babys health. Avoid Harmful Substances: Stay away from tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy. Manage Chronic Conditions: If you have diabetes or other chronic conditions, ensure they are well-managed before and during pregnancy. Review Medications: If youre on medication, discuss its safety with your doctor before conception or as soon as you learn about the pregnancy. […] Atrial Septal Defect, while congenital, can be managed with the right interventions and regular medical oversight. Awareness about its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures can lead to early diagnosis and better health outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

• #2

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The incident of IE in congenital patient is higher than general population. Therefore, it is important for congenital patient to maintain good oral, dental and skin hygiene as primary prevention. Cosmetic tattooing and piercing are discouraged due to the risk of IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for patient at highest risk for IE before surgery and dental procedures. Please discuss with your congenital team for the latest update on the antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #3 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #4 FloridaHealthFinder | Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000157

  There is no known way to prevent the defect. Some of the complications can be prevented with early detection.

• #5 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Preventing atrial septal defect (ASD) may not be possible, though it is advisable to reduce the risk of ASD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care. […] This includes quitting smoking, avoiding drinking alcohol and illicit drug use, and discussing any prescription medication use with your doctor.

• #6 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A Complete Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/atrial-septal-defect-asd-a-complete-guide/

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect, meaning its present at birth. The exact cause of an ASD remains unknown, but its believed to result from a combination of genes, environmental factors, and, in some cases, certain medications taken during pregnancy. […] While not all instances of ASD can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk: Regular Prenatal Care: Ensure regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the babys health. Avoid Harmful Substances: Stay away from tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy. Manage Chronic Conditions: If you have diabetes or other chronic conditions, ensure they are well-managed before and during pregnancy. Review Medications: If youre on medication, discuss its safety with your doctor before conception or as soon as you learn about the pregnancy. […] Atrial Septal Defect, while congenital, can be managed with the right interventions and regular medical oversight. Awareness about its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures can lead to early diagnosis and better health outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

• #7 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Preventing atrial septal defect (ASD) may not be possible, though it is advisable to reduce the risk of ASD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care. […] This includes quitting smoking, avoiding drinking alcohol and illicit drug use, and discussing any prescription medication use with your doctor.

• #8 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Preventing atrial septal defect (ASD) may not be possible, though it is advisable to reduce the risk of ASD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care. […] This includes quitting smoking, avoiding drinking alcohol and illicit drug use, and discussing any prescription medication use with your doctor.

• #9 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Preventing atrial septal defect (ASD) may not be possible, though it is advisable to reduce the risk of ASD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care. […] This includes quitting smoking, avoiding drinking alcohol and illicit drug use, and discussing any prescription medication use with your doctor.

• #10 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect

  Preventing atrial septal defect (ASD) may not be possible, though it is advisable to reduce the risk of ASD by ensuring appropriate prenatal care. […] This includes quitting smoking, avoiding drinking alcohol and illicit drug use, and discussing any prescription medication use with your doctor.

• #11 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A Complete Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/atrial-septal-defect-asd-a-complete-guide/

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect, meaning its present at birth. The exact cause of an ASD remains unknown, but its believed to result from a combination of genes, environmental factors, and, in some cases, certain medications taken during pregnancy. […] While not all instances of ASD can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk: Regular Prenatal Care: Ensure regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the babys health. Avoid Harmful Substances: Stay away from tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy. Manage Chronic Conditions: If you have diabetes or other chronic conditions, ensure they are well-managed before and during pregnancy. Review Medications: If youre on medication, discuss its safety with your doctor before conception or as soon as you learn about the pregnancy. […] Atrial Septal Defect, while congenital, can be managed with the right interventions and regular medical oversight. Awareness about its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures can lead to early diagnosis and better health outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

• #12 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #13 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A Complete Guide – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/atrial-septal-defect-asd-a-complete-guide/

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect, meaning its present at birth. The exact cause of an ASD remains unknown, but its believed to result from a combination of genes, environmental factors, and, in some cases, certain medications taken during pregnancy. […] While not all instances of ASD can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk: Regular Prenatal Care: Ensure regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the babys health. Avoid Harmful Substances: Stay away from tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy. Manage Chronic Conditions: If you have diabetes or other chronic conditions, ensure they are well-managed before and during pregnancy. Review Medications: If youre on medication, discuss its safety with your doctor before conception or as soon as you learn about the pregnancy. […] Atrial Septal Defect, while congenital, can be managed with the right interventions and regular medical oversight. Awareness about its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures can lead to early diagnosis and better health outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

• #14 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #15 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #16 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #17 types of atrial septal defect | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/tag/types-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy might be beneficial to prevent the risk of ASD, such as: […] Immunity test for rubella: If the person is not immune to rubella, it is necessary to get vaccinated. […] Monitoring current health conditions and medications use: Pre-existing health conditions and usage of any medications should be carefully monitored during pregnancy to prevent the risk of ASD. […] Reviewing family medical history: If a person has a family history of congenital defects, it is advised to visit a genetic counsellor before becoming pregnant to know the risks of atrial septal defects.

• #18 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #19 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  In some cases, it may not be possible to prevent an ASD. Because ASD occurs in the developing fetus, certain lifestyle factors may impact a womans health before and during pregnancy. In order to prevent ASD from developing in expecting mothers and women trying to conceive, it is suggested to avoid: […] Other factors may include: […] Rubella (German measles) vaccination, in advance of pregnancy, if the woman does not have immunity […] Genetic conditions, such as the mother’s congenital heart disease, which may increase risk. A genetic counselor can play an important role in this assessment.

• #20 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #21 types of atrial septal defect | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/tag/types-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy might be beneficial to prevent the risk of ASD, such as: […] Immunity test for rubella: If the person is not immune to rubella, it is necessary to get vaccinated. […] Monitoring current health conditions and medications use: Pre-existing health conditions and usage of any medications should be carefully monitored during pregnancy to prevent the risk of ASD. […] Reviewing family medical history: If a person has a family history of congenital defects, it is advised to visit a genetic counsellor before becoming pregnant to know the risks of atrial septal defects.

• #22 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  In some cases, it may not be possible to prevent an ASD. Because ASD occurs in the developing fetus, certain lifestyle factors may impact a womans health before and during pregnancy. In order to prevent ASD from developing in expecting mothers and women trying to conceive, it is suggested to avoid: […] Other factors may include: […] Rubella (German measles) vaccination, in advance of pregnancy, if the woman does not have immunity […] Genetic conditions, such as the mother’s congenital heart disease, which may increase risk. A genetic counselor can play an important role in this assessment.

• #23 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #24 types of atrial septal defect | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/tag/types-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy might be beneficial to prevent the risk of ASD, such as: […] Immunity test for rubella: If the person is not immune to rubella, it is necessary to get vaccinated. […] Monitoring current health conditions and medications use: Pre-existing health conditions and usage of any medications should be carefully monitored during pregnancy to prevent the risk of ASD. […] Reviewing family medical history: If a person has a family history of congenital defects, it is advised to visit a genetic counsellor before becoming pregnant to know the risks of atrial septal defects.

• #25 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #26 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/congenital-heart-disease/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  In some cases, it may not be possible to prevent an ASD. Because ASD occurs in the developing fetus, certain lifestyle factors may impact a womans health before and during pregnancy. In order to prevent ASD from developing in expecting mothers and women trying to conceive, it is suggested to avoid: […] Other factors may include: […] Rubella (German measles) vaccination, in advance of pregnancy, if the woman does not have immunity […] Genetic conditions, such as the mother’s congenital heart disease, which may increase risk. A genetic counselor can play an important role in this assessment.

• #27 types of atrial septal defect | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/tag/types-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy might be beneficial to prevent the risk of ASD, such as: […] Immunity test for rubella: If the person is not immune to rubella, it is necessary to get vaccinated. […] Monitoring current health conditions and medications use: Pre-existing health conditions and usage of any medications should be carefully monitored during pregnancy to prevent the risk of ASD. […] Reviewing family medical history: If a person has a family history of congenital defects, it is advised to visit a genetic counsellor before becoming pregnant to know the risks of atrial septal defects.

• #28 FloridaHealthFinder | Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000157

  There is no known way to prevent the defect. Some of the complications can be prevented with early detection.

• #29 Atrial Septal Defect: Definition, Causes, Treatment, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/atrial-septal-defects

  Small holes often repair themselves. But doctors usually recommend surgically closing medium or large defects even if they aren’t causing symptoms. This can help prevent problems or complications later in life. […] Early diagnosis and screening is important and usually leads to favorable outcomes, according to 2020 research. […] Larger holes may need treatment to prevent complications later in life.

• #30 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #31 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #32 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #33 Atrial Septal Defect: Definition, Causes, Treatment, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/atrial-septal-defects

  Small holes often repair themselves. But doctors usually recommend surgically closing medium or large defects even if they aren’t causing symptoms. This can help prevent problems or complications later in life. […] Early diagnosis and screening is important and usually leads to favorable outcomes, according to 2020 research. […] Larger holes may need treatment to prevent complications later in life.

• #34 Pregnancy in adults with repaired/unrepaired atrial septal defect – Bredy – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/17362/html

  Pregnancy in women with ASDs is generally well tolerated and considered to be at low risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. […] Nevertheless, hemodynamic and hemostatic changes throughout gestation may unmask previously unrecognized heart disease during pregnancy and increase the risk for maternal, fetal and obstetrical complications. […] Although there is no definitive evidence demonstrating superiority of an aggressive approach to ASD closure prior to pregnancy, it is currently common practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing. […] Patients with ASD and pulmonary hypertension should be counselled against pregnancy due to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. […] It is common in current practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing years.

• #35 Pregnancy in adults with repaired/unrepaired atrial septal defect – Bredy – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/17362/html

  Pregnancy in women with ASDs is generally well tolerated and considered to be at low risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. […] Nevertheless, hemodynamic and hemostatic changes throughout gestation may unmask previously unrecognized heart disease during pregnancy and increase the risk for maternal, fetal and obstetrical complications. […] Although there is no definitive evidence demonstrating superiority of an aggressive approach to ASD closure prior to pregnancy, it is currently common practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing. […] Patients with ASD and pulmonary hypertension should be counselled against pregnancy due to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. […] It is common in current practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing years.

• #36 Pregnancy in adults with repaired/unrepaired atrial septal defect – Bredy – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/17362/html

  Pregnancy in women with ASDs is generally well tolerated and considered to be at low risk for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. […] Nevertheless, hemodynamic and hemostatic changes throughout gestation may unmask previously unrecognized heart disease during pregnancy and increase the risk for maternal, fetal and obstetrical complications. […] Although there is no definitive evidence demonstrating superiority of an aggressive approach to ASD closure prior to pregnancy, it is currently common practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing. […] Patients with ASD and pulmonary hypertension should be counselled against pregnancy due to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. […] It is common in current practice to electively close asymptomatic but large and/or hemodynamically significant ASDs prior to childbearing years.

• #37 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with corrected congenital heart disease (CHD) with a residual lesion, but is rarely found on surgical patches used to close atrial septal defects (ASDs). […] However, the situation could be different in the case of mitral valve endocarditis, which causes leaflet disruption with severe mitral insufficiency and could seed the surgical patch. […] Even if not repaired, due to the slow velocity of shunt flow, an atrial septal defect (ASD) has a very low risk of IE and therefore antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended (according to the guidelines) only in patients with an ASD who have a prior history of IE or a residual shunt adjacent to a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device or during the six months after closure. […] The risk of infectious endocarditis on the surgical patch is usually related to the time of surgery; the risk is higher in the first 3 months.

• #38 Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Medication

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890991-medication

  Drug therapy is not currently a component of the standard of care for this condition. No specific medications are indicated for patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis is required for the first 6 months following device closure or surgical closure with a patch […] Preoperatively, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required in an isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

• #39 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with corrected congenital heart disease (CHD) with a residual lesion, but is rarely found on surgical patches used to close atrial septal defects (ASDs). […] However, the situation could be different in the case of mitral valve endocarditis, which causes leaflet disruption with severe mitral insufficiency and could seed the surgical patch. […] Even if not repaired, due to the slow velocity of shunt flow, an atrial septal defect (ASD) has a very low risk of IE and therefore antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended (according to the guidelines) only in patients with an ASD who have a prior history of IE or a residual shunt adjacent to a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device or during the six months after closure. […] The risk of infectious endocarditis on the surgical patch is usually related to the time of surgery; the risk is higher in the first 3 months.

• #40 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with corrected congenital heart disease (CHD) with a residual lesion, but is rarely found on surgical patches used to close atrial septal defects (ASDs). […] However, the situation could be different in the case of mitral valve endocarditis, which causes leaflet disruption with severe mitral insufficiency and could seed the surgical patch. […] Even if not repaired, due to the slow velocity of shunt flow, an atrial septal defect (ASD) has a very low risk of IE and therefore antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended (according to the guidelines) only in patients with an ASD who have a prior history of IE or a residual shunt adjacent to a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device or during the six months after closure. […] The risk of infectious endocarditis on the surgical patch is usually related to the time of surgery; the risk is higher in the first 3 months.

• #41 Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Medication

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890991-medication

  Drug therapy is not currently a component of the standard of care for this condition. No specific medications are indicated for patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis is required for the first 6 months following device closure or surgical closure with a patch […] Preoperatively, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required in an isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

• #42 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #43 Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Medication

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890991-medication

  Drug therapy is not currently a component of the standard of care for this condition. No specific medications are indicated for patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis is required for the first 6 months following device closure or surgical closure with a patch […] Preoperatively, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required in an isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

• #44 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #45 Atrial Septal Defect – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21857-empty-title37

  All patients who undergo either surgery or device closure of an atrial septal defect are required to take antibiotics before any dental or surgical procedures for at least 6 months following the procedure (SBE prophylaxis). This precaution is designed to minimize the risk of any bacterial infection forming in the heart tissue. […] After 6 months, usually the normal heart tissue has sealed things in place sufficiently to no longer require this.

• #46 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with corrected congenital heart disease (CHD) with a residual lesion, but is rarely found on surgical patches used to close atrial septal defects (ASDs). […] However, the situation could be different in the case of mitral valve endocarditis, which causes leaflet disruption with severe mitral insufficiency and could seed the surgical patch. […] Even if not repaired, due to the slow velocity of shunt flow, an atrial septal defect (ASD) has a very low risk of IE and therefore antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended (according to the guidelines) only in patients with an ASD who have a prior history of IE or a residual shunt adjacent to a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device or during the six months after closure. […] The risk of infectious endocarditis on the surgical patch is usually related to the time of surgery; the risk is higher in the first 3 months.

• #47 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infective endocarditis (IE) is common in patients with corrected congenital heart disease (CHD) with a residual lesion, but is rarely found on surgical patches used to close atrial septal defects (ASDs). […] However, the situation could be different in the case of mitral valve endocarditis, which causes leaflet disruption with severe mitral insufficiency and could seed the surgical patch. […] Even if not repaired, due to the slow velocity of shunt flow, an atrial septal defect (ASD) has a very low risk of IE and therefore antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended (according to the guidelines) only in patients with an ASD who have a prior history of IE or a residual shunt adjacent to a prosthetic patch or prosthetic device or during the six months after closure. […] The risk of infectious endocarditis on the surgical patch is usually related to the time of surgery; the risk is higher in the first 3 months.

• #48 Atrial Septal Defect – Pediatric Cardiology Associates of Houston

  https://kidsheartshouston.com/answers/21857-empty-title37

  All patients who undergo either surgery or device closure of an atrial septal defect are required to take antibiotics before any dental or surgical procedures for at least 6 months following the procedure (SBE prophylaxis). This precaution is designed to minimize the risk of any bacterial infection forming in the heart tissue. […] After 6 months, usually the normal heart tissue has sealed things in place sufficiently to no longer require this.

• #49 Surgical Atrial Septal Patch Endocarditis in a Patient with a Complete Corrected Atrioventricular Canal Defect: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000392/

  Infections of the surgical atrial septal patch are rarely seen and late IE (after 6 months) at this level is even rarer. […] The fact that the patient remained with residual mitral insufficiency after the operation argues in favor of the cleft area being only partially sutured and it being the most likely initial area of bacterial seeding. […] In the present case, during the follow-up, a re-intervention was recommended to the patient to correct or replace the mitral valve. […] We recommend the implementation of IE prophylaxis even in the absence of residual atrial shunt and residual mitral insufficiency in this category of patients.

• #50 Knowing the warning signs and symptoms of congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) | Bangkok Heart Hospital

  https://www.bangkokhearthospital.com/en/content/knowing-the-warning-signs-and-symptoms-of-congenital-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Being aware of warning symptoms and having regular heart check-ups remain essentially important. […] After receiving treatment, close follow-ups by echocardiogram are required as scheduled; before discharge, every month, 6 months and 1 year. And all medical advices given by cardiologists must be strictly followed. […] Taking antibiotic drugs to prevent infective endocarditis (prophylaxis) during the first 6 months.

• #51 Knowing the warning signs and symptoms of congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) | Bangkok Heart Hospital

  https://www.bangkokhearthospital.com/en/content/knowing-the-warning-signs-and-symptoms-of-congenital-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Being aware of warning symptoms and having regular heart check-ups remain essentially important. […] After receiving treatment, close follow-ups by echocardiogram are required as scheduled; before discharge, every month, 6 months and 1 year. And all medical advices given by cardiologists must be strictly followed. […] Taking antibiotic drugs to prevent infective endocarditis (prophylaxis) during the first 6 months.

• #52 Knowing the warning signs and symptoms of congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) | Bangkok Heart Hospital

  https://www.bangkokhearthospital.com/en/content/knowing-the-warning-signs-and-symptoms-of-congenital-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Being aware of warning symptoms and having regular heart check-ups remain essentially important. […] After receiving treatment, close follow-ups by echocardiogram are required as scheduled; before discharge, every month, 6 months and 1 year. And all medical advices given by cardiologists must be strictly followed. […] Taking antibiotic drugs to prevent infective endocarditis (prophylaxis) during the first 6 months.

• #53 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  http://livinghealthy.hawaiipacifichealth.org/Conditions/Heart/Congenital/90,P01766

  All children with an ASD need to be cared for by a pediatric cardiologist. Most children who have had an ASD repair will live healthy lives. After the repair, your child’s healthcare provider may want your child to take antibiotics. This will prevent an infection of the heart lining (bacterial endocarditis). […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care. Children are more likely to have problems if an ASD is diagnosed later in life and never repaired. Or they may have problems if complications occur after closing the defect.

• #54 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://library.valleymed.org/library/wellness/prevention/90,P01766

  All children with an ASD need to be cared for by a pediatric cardiologist. […] After the repair, your child’s healthcare provider may want your child to take antibiotics. This will prevent an infection of the heart lining (bacterial endocarditis). […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care.

• #55

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The incident of IE in congenital patient is higher than general population. Therefore, it is important for congenital patient to maintain good oral, dental and skin hygiene as primary prevention. Cosmetic tattooing and piercing are discouraged due to the risk of IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for patient at highest risk for IE before surgery and dental procedures. Please discuss with your congenital team for the latest update on the antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #56

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The incident of IE in congenital patient is higher than general population. Therefore, it is important for congenital patient to maintain good oral, dental and skin hygiene as primary prevention. Cosmetic tattooing and piercing are discouraged due to the risk of IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for patient at highest risk for IE before surgery and dental procedures. Please discuss with your congenital team for the latest update on the antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #57

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The incident of IE in congenital patient is higher than general population. Therefore, it is important for congenital patient to maintain good oral, dental and skin hygiene as primary prevention. Cosmetic tattooing and piercing are discouraged due to the risk of IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for patient at highest risk for IE before surgery and dental procedures. Please discuss with your congenital team for the latest update on the antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #58

  https://www.cgh.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/atrial-septal-defect

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital defect between the two upper heart chambers (the atria). This defect allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, eventually causing right heart enlargement and high pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). […] The incident of IE in congenital patient is higher than general population. Therefore, it is important for congenital patient to maintain good oral, dental and skin hygiene as primary prevention. Cosmetic tattooing and piercing are discouraged due to the risk of IE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is considered for patient at highest risk for IE before surgery and dental procedures. Please discuss with your congenital team for the latest update on the antibiotic prophylaxis.

• #59

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh3419

  Your heart is a muscular pump that has four chambers. An atrial septal defect is an opening in the wall between the upper chambers of the heart. It is a type of congenital heart disease, which means that you were born with it. […] Congenital heart disease can increase your risk of an infection in your heart. Talk to your doctor about your own risk. You may need to take antibiotics before certain dental or surgical procedures to prevent infection. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you have any problems.

• #60 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20369693

  Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant. […] During this visit: […] It’s important to closely control diabetes, lupus and other health conditions during pregnancy. Your healthcare professional may suggest changing doses of some medicines or stopping them before pregnancy. […] If you have a family history of congenital heart defects or other genetic conditions, you might talk with a genetic counselor to find your risks. […] Ask about getting tested to see if you’ve had German measles, also called rubella. Rubella in a pregnant person has been linked to some types of congenital heart defects in the baby. If you haven’t already had German measles or the vaccine, get the recommended vaccinations.

• #61 types of atrial septal defect | Dr Raghu

  https://drraghu.com/tag/types-of-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defects cannot be prevented, but following certain measures during pregnancy might be beneficial to prevent the risk of ASD, such as: […] Immunity test for rubella: If the person is not immune to rubella, it is necessary to get vaccinated. […] Monitoring current health conditions and medications use: Pre-existing health conditions and usage of any medications should be carefully monitored during pregnancy to prevent the risk of ASD. […] Reviewing family medical history: If a person has a family history of congenital defects, it is advised to visit a genetic counsellor before becoming pregnant to know the risks of atrial septal defects.

• #62 FloridaHealthFinder | Atrial septal defect (ASD) | Health Encyclopedia | FloridaHealthFinder

  https://quality.healthfinder.fl.gov/health-encyclopedia/HIE/1/000157

  There is no known way to prevent the defect. Some of the complications can be prevented with early detection.

• #63 Atrial Septal Defect: Definition, Causes, Treatment, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/atrial-septal-defects

  Small holes often repair themselves. But doctors usually recommend surgically closing medium or large defects even if they aren’t causing symptoms. This can help prevent problems or complications later in life. […] Early diagnosis and screening is important and usually leads to favorable outcomes, according to 2020 research. […] Larger holes may need treatment to prevent complications later in life.

• #64 Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Medication

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/890991-medication

  Drug therapy is not currently a component of the standard of care for this condition. No specific medications are indicated for patients with a secundum atrial septal defect. Bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis is required for the first 6 months following device closure or surgical closure with a patch […] Preoperatively, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required in an isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect.

• #65 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-cardiovascular-anomalies/atrial-septal-defect-asd

  Most small ( 3 mm), centrally located atrial septal defects close spontaneously; many defects between 3 mm and 8 mm close spontaneously by age 3 years. […] Asymptomatic children with a small shunt require only observation and occasional echocardiography (typically about every 3 to 5 years). […] Moderate-to-large ASDs (evidence of right ventricular volume overload on echocardiography) should be closed, typically between ages 2 years and 6 years. […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not needed preoperatively and is required only for the first 6 months after repair or if there is a residual defect adjacent to a surgical patch.

• #66 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  http://livinghealthy.hawaiipacifichealth.org/Conditions/Heart/Congenital/90,P01766

  All children with an ASD need to be cared for by a pediatric cardiologist. Most children who have had an ASD repair will live healthy lives. After the repair, your child’s healthcare provider may want your child to take antibiotics. This will prevent an infection of the heart lining (bacterial endocarditis). […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care. Children are more likely to have problems if an ASD is diagnosed later in life and never repaired. Or they may have problems if complications occur after closing the defect.

• #67 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://library.valleymed.org/library/wellness/prevention/90,P01766

  All children with an ASD need to be cared for by a pediatric cardiologist. […] After the repair, your child’s healthcare provider may want your child to take antibiotics. This will prevent an infection of the heart lining (bacterial endocarditis). […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care.

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