Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart condition characterized by a hole in the atrial septum, the wall that separates the right and left atria of the heart. This defect allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix, causing an overload of blood flow to the right side of the heart. Developing a comprehensive nursing care plan for atrial septal defect is crucial in effectively managing the condition, preventing complications, and promoting optimal cardiac function and overall well-being. […] The nursing care plan for atrial septal defect focuses on addressing the unique needs of individuals with this congenital heart condition and aims to optimize cardiac function, manage symptoms, prevent complications, and promote the patients overall quality of life. It involves a holistic approach that encompasses assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

• #2 Atrial Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535440/

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects, occurring in about 25% of children. […] This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance learners’ proficiency in evaluating and managing ASDs. Participants gain a deeper understanding of the condition’s risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, varied presentations, and best diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Greater proficiency enables clinicians to work within an interprofessional team caring for patients with ASDs, improving outcomes. […] Identify the signs and symptoms indicative of an atrial septal defect. […] Select appropriate surgical techniques for treating atrial septal defects, considering individual patient characteristics and expected functional outcomes. […] Collaborate with the interprofessional team to educate, treat, and monitor patients with atrial septal defects to improve patient outcomes.

• #3 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://healthlibrary.sjchs.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01766

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children […] What is an atrial septal defect in children? The atrial septum is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atria). An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in this wall. ASD is a heart problem that is present at birth (congenital). ASDs are common and account for about 10% to 15% of congenital heart disease. The clinical significance is typically related to the location and size of the ASD. […] ASDs can happen on their own. Or they can happen in children born with other congenital heart defects. […] ASDs are classified by their different location and development: […] Secundum ASD. This occurs in the middle part of the atrial septum. […] Primum ASD. This occurs in the lower part of the atrial septum close to the tricuspid and mitral valves. […] Sinus venosus. This occurs in the upper part of the atrial septum near the veins that drain into the right and left atrium. […] Coronary sinus ASD. This occurs when there is a defect in the wall between the coronary sinus and the left atrium.

• #4 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect. Its a hole in the atrial septum, the muscular wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of your heart. Small ASDs usually dont need treatment. Larger ones may require percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair or surgery to lower the risk of serious complications. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to treat some symptoms of atrial septal defect. But medications cant close the hole. Providers can perform ASD closure through surgery or percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair. […] Its possible to live with an ASD in your heart if the hole is small. You usually dont need a repair for a small atrial septal defect that doesnt close by itself. Providers may recommend an ASD closure if an atrial septal defect is causing issues and hasnt closed by age 2 or 3.

• #5 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/symptoms-causes/syc-20369715

  A large, long-term atrial septal defect can damage the heart and lungs. Surgery may be needed to repair an atrial septal defect and to prevent complications. […] Treatment can prevent or help manage many of these complications. […] If you have an atrial septal defect and are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, talk to a care professional first. It’s important to get proper prenatal care. A healthcare professional may suggest repairing the hole in the heart before getting pregnant. A large atrial septal defect or its complications can lead to a high-risk pregnancy. […] Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant.

• #6 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://healthlibrary.sjchs.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01766

  Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children […] What is an atrial septal defect in children? The atrial septum is the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart (right and left atria). An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal hole in this wall. ASD is a heart problem that is present at birth (congenital). ASDs are common and account for about 10% to 15% of congenital heart disease. The clinical significance is typically related to the location and size of the ASD. […] ASDs can happen on their own. Or they can happen in children born with other congenital heart defects. […] ASDs are classified by their different location and development: […] Secundum ASD. This occurs in the middle part of the atrial septum. […] Primum ASD. This occurs in the lower part of the atrial septum close to the tricuspid and mitral valves. […] Sinus venosus. This occurs in the upper part of the atrial septum near the veins that drain into the right and left atrium. […] Coronary sinus ASD. This occurs when there is a defect in the wall between the coronary sinus and the left atrium.

• #7 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) sometimes called a hole in the heart is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). […] In most cases, ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. […] The symptoms caused by an ASD depend on its size and its location. Most kids who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Most grow and gain weight normally. […] Children with larger, more severe ASDs, though, might have some of these signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, extreme tiredness, shortness of breath, lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. […] An ASD that isn’t treated in childhood can lead to health problems later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood.

• #8

  https://www.registerednursern.com/atrial-septal-defect-nclex-review/

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) review for nursing students! […] In this review you will learn about the congenital heart defect known as atrial septal defect (ASD). […] Its a congenital heart defect characterized by a hole in the interatrial septum (atrial septum). […] This hole allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium (the atria are the upper chambers of the heart). […] Its important to remember that there should NOT be a connection of blood flow between the two atria after birth. […] If the defect if larger enough (small ASDs usually dont cause many issues), it creates a left-to-right shunt of blood that can lead to INCREASED LUNG BLOOD FLOW. […] This is a problem because it can lead to heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, stroke. […] Signs and symptoms depend on the size of the hole, and usually do NOT present at birth but later in childhood may be even into adulthood.

• #9 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) sometimes called a hole in the heart is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). […] In most cases, ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. […] The symptoms caused by an ASD depend on its size and its location. Most kids who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Most grow and gain weight normally. […] Children with larger, more severe ASDs, though, might have some of these signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, extreme tiredness, shortness of breath, lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. […] An ASD that isn’t treated in childhood can lead to health problems later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood.

• #10 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://healthlibrary.sjchs.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01766

  What causes an atrial septal defect in a child? The heart forms during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. It starts as a hollow tube and divides into 4 chambers. These chambers are separated by walls (septa). It’s normal for the walls to have openings as the fetus grows. The openings usually close shortly before or just after birth. If they don’t all close, the atrial septum will have a hole in it. This is called an ASD. ASDs are often associated with other congenital heart defects. Often the associated defect causes more problem than the ASD itself. […] What are the symptoms of an atrial septal defect in a child? Many children have no symptoms and seem healthy. If the ASD is large, your child may have symptoms. Your child may: […] Tire easily […] Have fast breathing […] Have shortness of breath […] Grow slowly […] Have respiratory infections often […] Have abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias)

• #11 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369720

  Some atrial septal defects (ASDs) are found before or soon after a child is born. But smaller ones may not be found until later in life. […] If an ASD is present, a healthcare professional may hear a whooshing sound called a heart murmur when listening to the heart with a device called a stethoscope. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Atrial septal defect (ASD)-related health concerns. […] Treatment for atrial septal defect (ASD) depends on: The size of the hole in the heart. Whether there are other heart problems present at birth. […] An atrial septal defect may close on its own during childhood. For small holes that don’t close, regular health checkups may be the only care needed. […] Some atrial septal defects that do not close need a procedure to close the hole. But closure of an ASD isn’t recommended in those who have severe pulmonary hypertension.

• #12 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://healthlibrary.sjchs.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01766

  How is an atrial septal defect diagnosed in a child? Your child’s healthcare provider may have heard a heart murmur when listening to your child’s heart with a stethoscope. The heart murmur is from the abnormal flow of blood through the heart. […] How is an atrial septal defect treated in a child? Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is. The most common type of ASD may close on its own as your child grows. […] Once an ASD is diagnosed, your child’s cardiologist will check your child to see if the defect is closing on its own. An ASD will often be fixed if it hasn’t closed by the time a child starts school. The decision to close the ASD may also depend on the size of the defect or the symptoms caused by the defect.

• #13 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect. Its a hole in the atrial septum, the muscular wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of your heart. Small ASDs usually dont need treatment. Larger ones may require percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair or surgery to lower the risk of serious complications. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to treat some symptoms of atrial septal defect. But medications cant close the hole. Providers can perform ASD closure through surgery or percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair. […] Its possible to live with an ASD in your heart if the hole is small. You usually dont need a repair for a small atrial septal defect that doesnt close by itself. Providers may recommend an ASD closure if an atrial septal defect is causing issues and hasnt closed by age 2 or 3.

• #14 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369720

  Some atrial septal defects (ASDs) are found before or soon after a child is born. But smaller ones may not be found until later in life. […] If an ASD is present, a healthcare professional may hear a whooshing sound called a heart murmur when listening to the heart with a device called a stethoscope. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your Atrial septal defect (ASD)-related health concerns. […] Treatment for atrial septal defect (ASD) depends on: The size of the hole in the heart. Whether there are other heart problems present at birth. […] An atrial septal defect may close on its own during childhood. For small holes that don’t close, regular health checkups may be the only care needed. […] Some atrial septal defects that do not close need a procedure to close the hole. But closure of an ASD isn’t recommended in those who have severe pulmonary hypertension.

• #15 Atrial Septal Defect – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535440/

  Patients with ASDs smaller than 5 mm often experience spontaneous closure of the defect within the 1st year of life. Defects larger than 1 cm usually require medical or surgical intervention for closure. […] Options for ASDs requiring closure include percutaneous and surgical interventions. Indications for treatment include stroke, a hemodynamically significant shunt greater than 1.5:1, and evidence of systemic oxygen desaturation. […] Surgical repair of ASDs, including secundum, sinus venosus, and primum ASDs, involves various approaches tailored to the specific anatomical characteristics of the defect and associated anomalies. […] Despite the evolution of surgical methods, complications such as patch dehiscence, thromboembolism, and arrhythmias remain rare but noteworthy. […] Improving health outcomes for patients with ASDs requires an interprofessional team, with significant input from the patient’s pediatrician, primary care physician, and nurse practitioner. […] The family must be taught the signs and symptoms of complications and when the patient should return for further evaluation.

• #16 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect. Its a hole in the atrial septum, the muscular wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of your heart. Small ASDs usually dont need treatment. Larger ones may require percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair or surgery to lower the risk of serious complications. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to treat some symptoms of atrial septal defect. But medications cant close the hole. Providers can perform ASD closure through surgery or percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair. […] Its possible to live with an ASD in your heart if the hole is small. You usually dont need a repair for a small atrial septal defect that doesnt close by itself. Providers may recommend an ASD closure if an atrial septal defect is causing issues and hasnt closed by age 2 or 3.

• #17 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect. Its a hole in the atrial septum, the muscular wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of your heart. Small ASDs usually dont need treatment. Larger ones may require percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair or surgery to lower the risk of serious complications. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to treat some symptoms of atrial septal defect. But medications cant close the hole. Providers can perform ASD closure through surgery or percutaneous (nonsurgical) repair. […] Its possible to live with an ASD in your heart if the hole is small. You usually dont need a repair for a small atrial septal defect that doesnt close by itself. Providers may recommend an ASD closure if an atrial septal defect is causing issues and hasnt closed by age 2 or 3.

• #18

  https://www.registerednursern.com/atrial-septal-defect-nclex-review/

  Furthermore, the larger the defect the early the signs and symptoms will appear. […] An ASD is usually found because a heart murmur is noticed (which is then further investigated with an echocardiogram). […] If the hole is large and not found early it can lead to major damage to the lungs and heart and eventually Eisenmenger Syndrome. […] The signs and symptoms are going to be related to left-to-right shunting along with the heart failure/pulmonary hypertension which is usually with LARGE ASDs. […] Diagnosed with echocardiogram (this is an ultrasound of the heart and is non-invasive). […] Monitor the defect (small ASDs may not cause problems but will be monitored), may need medications like diuretics to remove extra fluid due to heart failure, surgery to close the hole open heart (done before school age) or heart cath performed to close.

• #19 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children

  https://healthlibrary.sjchs.org/Library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01766

  Treatment may include: […] Medicine. Many children have no symptoms and don’t need medicine. But medicine can help some children’s hearts work better. For example, water pills (diuretics) help the kidneys get rid of extra fluid from the body. […] Surgery. Your child’s ASD may be repaired by surgery. The surgery is done under general anesthesia. The defect may be closed with stitches or a special patch. […] Device closure. Some children may have their ASDs closed with this procedure. The healthcare provider uses cardiac catheterization to put a special device (septal occluder) in the open ASD. The device stops blood from flowing through the ASD. The ASD must meet certain requirements to be able to be closed in this way. […] What are possible complications of an atrial septal defect in a child? Large ASDs may cause lung problems, such as high blood pressure in the lungs, over time if not treated. This is because the extra blood passing through the defect and then into the lungs may harm the vessels in the lungs.

• #20 Atrial Septal Defect – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/atrial-septal-defect.html

  An ASD is a hole in the septum (wall) between the upper chambers of your heart. The hole may be small or large. An ASD causes a problem with the way blood moves through your heart. This makes your heart work harder to pump blood. An ASD can also lead to a stroke if a blood clot is pumped out to a blood vessel in your brain. […] Treatment may depend on your symptoms and how large the ASD is. You may need any of the following: […] Medicines may be given to control your heartbeat or decrease stress on your heart. Medicine may also be given to lower pressure in your lungs, prevent blood clots, or remove extra fluid. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Extra body weight can increase your risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. These conditions can make your symptoms worse.

• #21 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  But you should get a repair for a larger ASD even if it isnt causing symptoms. Treating it now prevents serious complications in the future, even for adults. […] Once you have signs of heart or lung damage, atrial septal defect repair is essential. Your provider will recommend treatment if: The right side of your heart is bigger than normal, Theres a significant flow of blood through the atrial septal defect. […] After a repair, you may need to take blood-thinning medication (anticoagulant or antiplatelet) for six to 12 months. These medicines keep blood clots from forming on the closure device (a rare complication). […] You usually need to take antibiotics for at least six months following your repair. Antibiotics prevent an infection of your hearts lining (endocarditis). […] If you have an atrial septal defect, its important to keep all your medical appointments and follow your providers guidance. Atrial septal defects often call for watchful waiting. This means your provider keeps an eye on the situation to see when you need treatment. […] If your child has an atrial septal defect, their provider will let you know the next steps and when they might need treatment. In general, providers use watchful waiting for smaller atrial septal defects. Larger ASDs usually require procedures at a younger age to prevent future problems.

• #22 Atrial Septal Defect Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Indications and Contraindications, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-treatment

  Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a disorder to be addressed surgically or through transcatheter percutaneous closure. No specific or definitive medical therapy is available. However, patients with significant volume overload or atrial arrhythmias may require specific pharmacologic therapy, such as diuretics or antiarrhythmics. […] The decision to repair any kind of atrial septal defect (ASD) is based on clinical and echocardiographic information, including the size and location of the ASD, the magnitude and hemodynamic impact of the left-to-right shunt, and the presence and degree of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In general, elective closure is advised for all ASDs with evidence of right ventricular overload or with a clinically significant shunt (pulmonary flow [Qp]tosystemic flow [Qs] ratio 1.5). Lack of symptoms is not a contraindication for repair.

• #23 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  Because of these possible complications, doctors usually recommend closing ASDs early in childhood. […] Treatment of an ASD will depend on a child’s age and the size, location, and severity of the defect. […] Usually, though, if an ASD hasn’t closed on its own by the time a child starts school, the cardiologist will recommend fixing the hole, either with cardiac catheterization or heart surgery. […] Many ASDs can be treated with cardiac catheterization. […] After catheterization, a child should take it easy for a few days and might need to skip gym class or sports practice for a week or two. […] Sometimes, when the ASD is very large or too close to the wall of the heart, a device cannot be safely used and heart surgery is needed to close the defect. […] For 6 months following catheterization or surgical closure of an ASD, antibiotics are recommended before routine dental work or surgical procedures to prevent infective endocarditis (an infection of the inner surface of the heart).

• #24 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Repair | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/atrial-septal-defect-asd-repair/

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall between the atria, the two upper chambers of the heart. An ASD may close on its own without any treatment. Small ASDs close on their own as often as 80% of the time. Medication won’t shrink an ASD or repair it. […] If the ASD is still present as your child gets older, it may need to be repaired. One way to repair an ASD is through open heart surgery. Another way, if the ASD is small enough, is to have an interventional cardiologist perform the repair using a catheter to implant a device that closes the hole. This kind of procedure avoids open heart surgery. […] The interventional cardiologist precisely threads a catheter through a large blood vessel to the heart and through the ASD. The device is then opened and positioned in the atrial septal defect, blocking the hole.

• #25 Atrial Septic Defects (ASD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/asd

  Although an atrial septal defect may be closed by open-heart surgery, this approach is not as common as it once was. If open-heart surgery is necessary, the surgeon may be able to close the hole with stitches. Or it may need to be closed with a patch. Surgery is effective and carries a low risk. […] Depending on the size and the area of the septum involved, many atrial septal defects may be closed by a device being put in during a cardiac catheterization. […] Surgical closure of atrial septal defects doesn’t have problems in 99% of cases. After ASD closure in childhood, the heart size returns to normal over four to six months. […] After the defect is closed, there should be no problems with activity and no restrictions. Regular follow-up appointments will be made with a cardiologist.

• #26 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  Key components of the nursing care plan for atrial septal defect include monitoring cardiac status, promoting oxygenation, managing symptoms, providing education and support, and collaborating with the healthcare team to ensure coordinated and integrated care. […] Through regular assessment, nursing professionals can monitor the patients cardiac rhythm, heart rate, blood pressure, and signs of heart failure or complications. This information guides the development of individualized care plans and helps in early intervention. […] Collaboration with the healthcare team, including cardiologists, pediatricians, cardiac surgeons, and other specialists, is vital to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care. Regular evaluation of the care plan and patient outcomes helps nurses to modify interventions as needed and ensure optimal management of atrial septal defect.

• #27 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  A comprehensive nursing assessment provides a foundation for developing an individualized care plan for individuals with atrial septal defect. It guides the selection of appropriate nursing interventions, facilitates effective symptom management, and promotes cardiovascular health. Regular reassessment is essential to monitor disease progression, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and adapt the care plan accordingly. Collaboration with the healthcare team, including cardiologists, pediatricians, and other specialists, ensures a holistic and coordinated approach to care. […] These nursing diagnoses provide a basis for identifying the specific needs and concerns of individuals with atrial septal defect. They guide the development of appropriate nursing interventions to address the identified problems and promote the patients well-being.

• #28

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  A model of nursing care for a patient after percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect. […] Nursing care in the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process requires from nurses an unconventional psychotherapeutic approach and extensive substantive knowledge of internal diseases, cardiology, and cardiac surgery. […] Professional nursing of people with ASD should include activities related to all areas of the patients life, with a fundamental emphasis on the prevention of complications and interventions that allow the patient to perform self-control and self-care. […] The importance of the nursing staff in the care of the patient after endovascular occlusion of the atrial septal defect is fundamental. Nurses remain in constant contact with the patient, and it is up to them to a large extent to determine the mental state of patients, their well-being, and attitude towards the therapeutic process. […] Nursing of the patient after the ASD II transvascular closure procedure is carried out within the cardiology department.

• #29 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  A comprehensive nursing assessment provides a foundation for developing an individualized care plan for individuals with atrial septal defect. It guides the selection of appropriate nursing interventions, facilitates effective symptom management, and promotes cardiovascular health. Regular reassessment is essential to monitor disease progression, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, and adapt the care plan accordingly. Collaboration with the healthcare team, including cardiologists, pediatricians, and other specialists, ensures a holistic and coordinated approach to care. […] These nursing diagnoses provide a basis for identifying the specific needs and concerns of individuals with atrial septal defect. They guide the development of appropriate nursing interventions to address the identified problems and promote the patients well-being.

• #30 Nursing care plan for atrial septal defect

  https://nursipedia.com/nursing-care-plan-atrial-septal-defect/

  Nursing care plan for atrial septal defect is necessary to determine the location, size, and severity of the defect. The primary goal of nursing care for patients with atrial septal defects is to promote adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Patients may need to be prescribed medications that help lower pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance, as well as medications to address any underlying conditions such as hypertension and coronary artery disease. If medications are insufficient, then surgery may be needed to close the atrial septal defect. Patients should be monitored for signs of decreased tissue perfusion, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and lightheadedness. The success of the nursing care plan is evaluated by monitoring the patient’s response to the interventions. A nursing care plan should be developed to properly manage the condition and help the patient achieve the best possible outcome. […] The goal of nursing care for ASD is to promote adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

• #31 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  These nursing interventions aim to address the specific needs of individuals with atrial septal defect, promote their well-being, and enhance their cardiovascular health. It is crucial to tailor the interventions to the individual patients needs, regularly evaluate their effectiveness, and collaborate with the healthcare team to provide comprehensive and holistic care. […] The nursing care plan for atrial septal defect (ASD) is crucial in effectively managing this congenital heart condition, promoting optimal cardiac function, and enhancing the overall well-being of individuals affected by ASD. […] The nursing care plan addresses key components such as promoting cardiac tissue perfusion, enhancing gas exchange, managing fatigue, promoting activity tolerance, preventing infections, addressing anxiety, supporting growth and development, providing education, monitoring for arrhythmias, and preventing strokes.

• #32

  https://www.registerednursern.com/atrial-septal-defect-nclex-review/

  Nursing role: Nutrition: many patients have decreased growth because of the decrease cardiac output (heart failure) calculating caloric intake, weights, educated about nutrition, patient may be a candidate for a feeding tube risk for imbalance nutrition. […] Heart rhythm: at risk for dysrhythmias, monitor rhythm, heart sounds, signs of heart failure decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance. […] Respiratory: monitor lungs sounds for crackles (indicate fluid overload), education about risk of frequent respiratory infections (vaccines to prevent, especially childhood vaccines) risk for infection.

• #33

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  The nurse taking care of the patient after the ASD occlusion procedure undertakes nursing interventions from the moment of preparing the bed for the patient after the procedure. […] The essence of patient care is based on reliable observation and monitoring of the patient to properly prioritize his/her needs. […] As a result of the health education, the patient and his/her family are prepared for self-care and non-professional care as well as leading a healthy lifestyle with the principles of cardiovascular disease prevention. […] An important professional task faced by nursing staff is continuous self-education, introduction of new educational models in the work environment, and improvement of practical skills. […] Selected nursing diagnoses concern the most common problems of adult patients after a percutaneous ASD occlusion procedure. They define the scope and nature of interventions undertaken routinely by a nurse based on scientific evidence.

• #34 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  Regular assessment and monitoring of cardiac status, symptoms, and risk factors allow for early intervention and adjustment of the care plan as needed. Collaboration with the healthcare team, including cardiologists, pediatricians, cardiac surgeons, and other specialists, ensures a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care. […] Patient education plays a significant role in the nursing care plan for ASD. By providing accurate information about the condition, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, make informed decisions, and effectively manage their condition. […] The nursing care plan recognizes the psychosocial impact of ASD and incorporates interventions to address anxiety, provide emotional support, and promote coping strategies. It emphasizes the importance of a patient-centered approach, taking into account individual preferences, values, and cultural considerations.

• #35 Atrial Septal Defect Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Indications and Contraindications, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-treatment

  The classical surgical approach to an atrial septal defect (ASD) is direct closure of the defect by using an open approach with extracorporeal support. […] In the usual procedure, a median sternotomy incision is made, and the sternum is split in the midline. […] Caution must be taken when large defects are closed primarily with sutures, because this closure can pucker or distort the atrium, leading to hemodynamic problems or even distortion of the aortic annulus. […] Minimally invasive approaches to the repair of ASD continual to garner significant interest, principally for incisional cosmetic reasons. […] Postoperative management after atrial septal defect (ASD) repair is usually standard. Patients are expected to be awake and often extubated shortly after the operation. […] Follow-up depends on the method of atrial septal defect (ASD) closure as well coexisting cardiac issues such as arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, and comorbidities.

• #36 Minimally Invasive Closure of Atrial Septal Defect | Conditions & Treatments | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/treatments/minimally-invasive-closure-of-atrial-septal-defect

  Before you leave the hospital, we’ll provide you with detailed instructions on how to continue recovering at home. […] To care for your incision: Gently wash the incision with warm water and mild soap, then lightly pat dry with a clean towel. […] Nourishing your body is a key part of a smooth recovery. Even though you may not feel hungry, try to eat small meals throughout the day. […] In the weeks after your surgery, you can gradually increase your activity level until you’re back to normal.

• #37 Atrial Septal Defect: Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

  But you should get a repair for a larger ASD even if it isnt causing symptoms. Treating it now prevents serious complications in the future, even for adults. […] Once you have signs of heart or lung damage, atrial septal defect repair is essential. Your provider will recommend treatment if: The right side of your heart is bigger than normal, Theres a significant flow of blood through the atrial septal defect. […] After a repair, you may need to take blood-thinning medication (anticoagulant or antiplatelet) for six to 12 months. These medicines keep blood clots from forming on the closure device (a rare complication). […] You usually need to take antibiotics for at least six months following your repair. Antibiotics prevent an infection of your hearts lining (endocarditis). […] If you have an atrial septal defect, its important to keep all your medical appointments and follow your providers guidance. Atrial septal defects often call for watchful waiting. This means your provider keeps an eye on the situation to see when you need treatment. […] If your child has an atrial septal defect, their provider will let you know the next steps and when they might need treatment. In general, providers use watchful waiting for smaller atrial septal defects. Larger ASDs usually require procedures at a younger age to prevent future problems.

• #38 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  Because of these possible complications, doctors usually recommend closing ASDs early in childhood. […] Treatment of an ASD will depend on a child’s age and the size, location, and severity of the defect. […] Usually, though, if an ASD hasn’t closed on its own by the time a child starts school, the cardiologist will recommend fixing the hole, either with cardiac catheterization or heart surgery. […] Many ASDs can be treated with cardiac catheterization. […] After catheterization, a child should take it easy for a few days and might need to skip gym class or sports practice for a week or two. […] Sometimes, when the ASD is very large or too close to the wall of the heart, a device cannot be safely used and heart surgery is needed to close the defect. […] For 6 months following catheterization or surgical closure of an ASD, antibiotics are recommended before routine dental work or surgical procedures to prevent infective endocarditis (an infection of the inner surface of the heart).

• #39 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369720

  A procedure is often suggested to repair a medium to large atrial septal defect (ASD) to prevent future complications. […] Anyone who has had surgery for atrial septal defect needs regular imaging tests and health checkups. These appointments are to watch for possible heart and lung complications. […] People with large atrial septal defects who do not have surgery to close the hole often have worse long-term outcomes. They may have more trouble doing everyday activities. This is called reduced functional capacity. They also are at greater risk for irregular heartbeats and pulmonary hypertension. […] Following a heart-healthy lifestyle is important. This includes eating healthy, not smoking, managing weight and getting enough sleep. If you or your child has an atrial septal defect, talk to your healthcare team about the following: Exercise is usually OK for people with an atrial septal defect.

• #40 Atrial Septic Defects (ASD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/asd

  An atrial septal defect can be discovered for the first time in adult life. ASDs come in many sizes. A small ASD may have no significant effect on a person’s health. If ASDs are large enough to cause the right heart chambers to get larger, repair is recommended. […] Adults who have a closed or repaired ASD need periodic evaluation. Patients who have had device closure of ASDs should have an echocardiogram every five years to look for complications of the device.

• #41 About Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/atrial-septal-defect.html

  An atrial septal defect is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. […] People with this condition should schedule routine checkups with a heart doctor to stay as healthy as possible. […] Treatment for an atrial septal defect depends on many factors: […] Sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hole. Medications can be prescribed to help treat symptoms. […] With an atrial septal defect diagnosis, the healthcare provider may monitor it to see if the hole closes on its own. […] If a child has a large atrial septal defect, the healthcare provider may recommend that it be closed. This will prevent problems later in life. […] After these procedures, follow-up care will depend on a few factors: […] Sometimes the atrial septal defect can’t be fully repaired. However, procedures to close the hole can improve blood flow and the way the heart works. […] People with atrial septal defects should schedule routine checkups with a cardiologist (heart doctor) to stay as healthy as possible.

• #42 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Repair | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/atrial-septal-defect-asd-repair/

  In more than 99% of cases, patients have no complications after an ASD repair. Success rates also are high for catheter device placements. […] Most children have no difficulty with physical activity or restrictions after ASD repair. […] Your child will need to continue with regular follow-up appointments with a pediatric cardiologist to make sure issues do not occur as your child ages or in adulthood.

• #43 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  An atrial septal defect (ASD) sometimes called a hole in the heart is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). […] In most cases, ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications. […] The symptoms caused by an ASD depend on its size and its location. Most kids who have ASDs seem healthy and appear to have no symptoms. Most grow and gain weight normally. […] Children with larger, more severe ASDs, though, might have some of these signs or symptoms: poor appetite, poor growth, extreme tiredness, shortness of breath, lung problems and infections, such as pneumonia. […] An ASD that isn’t treated in childhood can lead to health problems later, including an abnormal heart rhythm (an atrial arrhythmia) and problems in how well the heart pumps blood.

• #44 Atrial Septic Defects (ASD) | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/a/asd

  The heart is divided into four chambers. The upper chambers, or atria, are divided by a wall called the septum. An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in that septum. Atrial septal defects are one of the most common heart defects. […] If left untreated, atrial septal defects may cause problems in adulthood. These problems may include pulmonary hypertension (which is high blood pressure in the lungs), congestive heart failure (weakening of the heart muscle), atrial arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms or beating of the heart) and an increased risk of stroke. […] Most often an atrial septal defect is diagnosed when a doctor hears a heart murmur during a physical examination. […] In some children, an ASD may close on its own without treatment. With a small atrial septal defect, the chance of the ASD closing on its own may be as high as 80% in the first 18 months of life. An ASD still present by 3 years of age will never close on its own.

• #45 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  Because of these possible complications, doctors usually recommend closing ASDs early in childhood. […] Treatment of an ASD will depend on a child’s age and the size, location, and severity of the defect. […] Usually, though, if an ASD hasn’t closed on its own by the time a child starts school, the cardiologist will recommend fixing the hole, either with cardiac catheterization or heart surgery. […] Many ASDs can be treated with cardiac catheterization. […] After catheterization, a child should take it easy for a few days and might need to skip gym class or sports practice for a week or two. […] Sometimes, when the ASD is very large or too close to the wall of the heart, a device cannot be safely used and heart surgery is needed to close the defect. […] For 6 months following catheterization or surgical closure of an ASD, antibiotics are recommended before routine dental work or surgical procedures to prevent infective endocarditis (an infection of the inner surface of the heart).

• #46

  https://www.registerednursern.com/atrial-septal-defect-nclex-review/

  Nursing role: Nutrition: many patients have decreased growth because of the decrease cardiac output (heart failure) calculating caloric intake, weights, educated about nutrition, patient may be a candidate for a feeding tube risk for imbalance nutrition. […] Heart rhythm: at risk for dysrhythmias, monitor rhythm, heart sounds, signs of heart failure decreased cardiac output, activity intolerance. […] Respiratory: monitor lungs sounds for crackles (indicate fluid overload), education about risk of frequent respiratory infections (vaccines to prevent, especially childhood vaccines) risk for infection.

• #47

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  The essence of patient care after percutaneous ASD II closure is based on reliable observation of the patient and proper gradation of their needs, to determine priority nursing interventions. […] Nursing care is provided in a holistic manner and requires active cooperation with the patient and his/her family, as well as other members of the therapeutic team.

• #48 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/symptoms-causes/syc-20369715

  A large, long-term atrial septal defect can damage the heart and lungs. Surgery may be needed to repair an atrial septal defect and to prevent complications. […] Treatment can prevent or help manage many of these complications. […] If you have an atrial septal defect and are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, talk to a care professional first. It’s important to get proper prenatal care. A healthcare professional may suggest repairing the hole in the heart before getting pregnant. A large atrial septal defect or its complications can lead to a high-risk pregnancy. […] Because the cause of atrial septal defect (ASD) is not clear, prevention may not be possible. But getting good prenatal care is important. If you were born with an ASD, make an appointment for a health checkup before becoming pregnant.

• #49 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  Regular assessment and monitoring of cardiac status, symptoms, and risk factors allow for early intervention and adjustment of the care plan as needed. Collaboration with the healthcare team, including cardiologists, pediatricians, cardiac surgeons, and other specialists, ensures a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care. […] Patient education plays a significant role in the nursing care plan for ASD. By providing accurate information about the condition, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, nurses empower patients to actively participate in their care, make informed decisions, and effectively manage their condition. […] The nursing care plan recognizes the psychosocial impact of ASD and incorporates interventions to address anxiety, provide emotional support, and promote coping strategies. It emphasizes the importance of a patient-centered approach, taking into account individual preferences, values, and cultural considerations.

• #50 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/asd.html

  After their ASD is closed and they’ve had plenty of time to heal, most kids have no further symptoms or problems. […] In the weeks after surgery or cardiac catheterization, the cardiologist will check on your child’s progress. […] Most kids recover from treatment quickly, and will just need regular follow-up visits with their cardiologist. […] However, some signs and symptoms might indicate a problem. If your child is having trouble breathing, call the doctor or go to the emergency department immediately. […] Having your child diagnosed with a heart condition can be scary. But the good news is that your pediatric cardiologist will be very familiar with ASDs and how best to manage the condition.

• #51 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=atrial-septal-defect-asd-in-children-90-P01766

  An ASD is an opening in the wall dividing the 2 upper chambers of the heart. […] Symptoms of an atrial septum defect include tiring easily, fast breathing, shortness of breath, poor growth, arrhythmias, and frequent respiratory infections. […] Small atrial septum defects may close on their own. […] Atrial septum defects that are large or cause symptoms can be repaired. […] Most children who have had an atrial septal defect repair will live healthy lives. […] All children with an ASD need to be cared for by a pediatric cardiologist. […] After the repair, your child’s doctor may want your child to take antibiotics. This will prevent an infection of the heart lining (bacterial endocarditis). […] With early diagnosis and repair of an ASD, children usually do very well. They don’t need much follow-up care. […] Some children develop high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). These children should have follow-up care at a center that specializes in congenital heart disease.

• #52 Atrial Septal Defect | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/atrial-septal-defect

  After ASD repair, most children recover quickly and don’t experience additional cardiac problems. Children with ASD must see a pediatric cardiologist for regular checkups. Rarely, additional surgery is required. […] Follow-up care into adulthood may be necessary for children with ASD. We will help with the transition to an adult cardiologist.

• #53 Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Repair | Norton Children’s

  https://nortonchildrens.com/services/cardiology/conditions/treatments/surgical/atrial-septal-defect-asd-repair/

  In more than 99% of cases, patients have no complications after an ASD repair. Success rates also are high for catheter device placements. […] Most children have no difficulty with physical activity or restrictions after ASD repair. […] Your child will need to continue with regular follow-up appointments with a pediatric cardiologist to make sure issues do not occur as your child ages or in adulthood.

• #54 Atrial Septal Defect Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Surgical Indications and Contraindications, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/162914-treatment

  For both children and adults, surgical mortality rates for uncomplicated secundum ASD are 1%. […] Long-term prevention of death and complications is best achieved when the ASD is closed before age 25 years and when the systolic pressure in the main pulmonary artery is less than 40 mm Hg. […] Either method of closure, whether transcatheter or surgical, results in excellent hemodynamic outcomes with no significant differences with regard to survival, functional capacity, atrial arrhythmias, or embolic neurologic events. […] Closure of an ASD is not recommended in asymptomatic patients with a clinically insignificant shunt (Qp-Qs ratio 1.5) and certainly not in those who have severe pulmonary arterial hypertension or irreversible pulmonary vascular occlusive disease who have a reversed shunt with at-rest arterial oxygen saturations of less than 90% (Eisenmenger syndrome).

• #55 Nursing Care Plan For Atrial Septal Defect – Made For Medical

  https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-atrial-septal-defect/

  In conclusion, a well-structured nursing care plan for atrial septal defect is essential in managing the condition, preventing complications, and promoting optimal cardiac function. Through comprehensive assessment, evidence-based interventions, patient education, and collaboration with the healthcare team, nursing professionals contribute to the overall well-being and quality of life of individuals affected by atrial septal defect. Regular evaluation and modification of the care plan based on individual patient needs ensure that care remains individualized and responsive to changes in the disease process.

• #56

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  A model of nursing care for a patient after percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect. […] Nursing care in the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process requires from nurses an unconventional psychotherapeutic approach and extensive substantive knowledge of internal diseases, cardiology, and cardiac surgery. […] Professional nursing of people with ASD should include activities related to all areas of the patients life, with a fundamental emphasis on the prevention of complications and interventions that allow the patient to perform self-control and self-care. […] The importance of the nursing staff in the care of the patient after endovascular occlusion of the atrial septal defect is fundamental. Nurses remain in constant contact with the patient, and it is up to them to a large extent to determine the mental state of patients, their well-being, and attitude towards the therapeutic process. […] Nursing of the patient after the ASD II transvascular closure procedure is carried out within the cardiology department.

• #57

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  A model of nursing care for a patient after percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect. […] Nursing care in the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process requires from nurses an unconventional psychotherapeutic approach and extensive substantive knowledge of internal diseases, cardiology, and cardiac surgery. […] Professional nursing of people with ASD should include activities related to all areas of the patients life, with a fundamental emphasis on the prevention of complications and interventions that allow the patient to perform self-control and self-care. […] The importance of the nursing staff in the care of the patient after endovascular occlusion of the atrial septal defect is fundamental. Nurses remain in constant contact with the patient, and it is up to them to a large extent to determine the mental state of patients, their well-being, and attitude towards the therapeutic process. […] Nursing of the patient after the ASD II transvascular closure procedure is carried out within the cardiology department.

• #58

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  The essence of patient care after percutaneous ASD II closure is based on reliable observation of the patient and proper gradation of their needs, to determine priority nursing interventions. […] Nursing care is provided in a holistic manner and requires active cooperation with the patient and his/her family, as well as other members of the therapeutic team.

• #59

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  The nurse taking care of the patient after the ASD occlusion procedure undertakes nursing interventions from the moment of preparing the bed for the patient after the procedure. […] The essence of patient care is based on reliable observation and monitoring of the patient to properly prioritize his/her needs. […] As a result of the health education, the patient and his/her family are prepared for self-care and non-professional care as well as leading a healthy lifestyle with the principles of cardiovascular disease prevention. […] An important professional task faced by nursing staff is continuous self-education, introduction of new educational models in the work environment, and improvement of practical skills. […] Selected nursing diagnoses concern the most common problems of adult patients after a percutaneous ASD occlusion procedure. They define the scope and nature of interventions undertaken routinely by a nurse based on scientific evidence.

• #60

  https://www.termedia.pl/A-model-of-nursing-care-for-a-patient-r-nafter-percutaneous-closure-of-an-atrial-septal-defect,134,50568,1,1.html

  The nurse taking care of the patient after the ASD occlusion procedure undertakes nursing interventions from the moment of preparing the bed for the patient after the procedure. […] The essence of patient care is based on reliable observation and monitoring of the patient to properly prioritize his/her needs. […] As a result of the health education, the patient and his/her family are prepared for self-care and non-professional care as well as leading a healthy lifestyle with the principles of cardiovascular disease prevention. […] An important professional task faced by nursing staff is continuous self-education, introduction of new educational models in the work environment, and improvement of practical skills. […] Selected nursing diagnoses concern the most common problems of adult patients after a percutaneous ASD occlusion procedure. They define the scope and nature of interventions undertaken routinely by a nurse based on scientific evidence.

Zobacz więcej