Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Types of COVID-19 Treatment | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html

  If you have COVID-19 and are more likely to get very sick, medications are available that can reduce your risk of hospitalization and death. […] Don’t delay: Treatments must be started within 5-7 days after you first develop symptoms to be effective. […] Treatment must be started within 5-7 days of when your symptoms first start. You do not need a positive test to start treatment so if you get sick and are at high risk for severe illness, talk to your healthcare provider as soon as possible. […] FDA has authorized or approved several antiviral medications used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in people who are more likely to get very sick. […] Antiviral medications target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the body once someone is infected, helping to prevent severe illness and death.

• #2 COVID-19: Treatments and Medications | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/covid-19/treatments.htm

  While most people with COVID-19 have mild illness and recover at home, some people require medical care and treatment. Treatments for COVID-19 should always be prescribed by a doctor. If you have COVID-19 symptoms, contact a doctor right away and do not delay treatment. […] Talk to a doctor to see which COVID-19 treatment or medication may be right for you. They can help determine if you are eligible. […] If you have symptoms of COVID-19, oral antiviral pills can help prevent severe illness. […] These medications stop the virus from replicating in your body which reduces your risk of severe COVID-19 illness, hospitalization, or death. […] Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medicine that can be used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. […] Paxlovid prevents the virus that causes COVID-19 from replicating in your body. This helps reduce your chance of being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19.

• #3 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Clinicians should consider COVID-19 treatment in patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 who have one or more risk factors for severe COVID-19 to reduce progression to hospitalization and death. […] Treatment must be started as soon as possible and within 5-7 days of symptom onset. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) medication is available for some people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised for additional protection against COVID-19. […] Patients who are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 might benefit from outpatient treatment. […] To minimize delays in antiviral treatment for patients at higher risk for severe COVID-19, use a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), such as a PCR test, when possible, for reliable diagnosis. […] Age is the most important risk factor for severe outcomes of COVID-19, with risk increasing substantially as age increases above 65 years.

• #4 Drug treatment of COVID-19 infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10090306/

  COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 6.6 million deaths globally. Tremendous efforts have been committed for the development of new and repurposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. […] Treatment of COVID-19 should be personalized according to host characteristics, degree of severity and available treatment options. […] This review focuses on recent data on drug treatment of adults with COVID-19 disease published from January 2022 to November 2022. […] Patients with mild COVID-19 disease commonly present with fever, cough, sore-throat and myalgia, while patients with moderate disease have clinical or radiographic evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement, while maintaining oxygen saturation at least 94%. […] Two landmark phase 3 randomized trials, the MOVe-OUT and EPIC-HR trials, evaluated the efficacy of two oral anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs, molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, prescribed to outpatients.

• #5 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Risk factors for severe COVID-19, such as illness requiring hospitalization, include: Age over 50 years, with risk increasing substantially as age increases above 65 years; Being unvaccinated or not being up to date on COVID-19 vaccinations; Specific medical conditions, with risk increasing substantially with presence of multiple medical conditions; Immunocompromising conditions or use of immunosuppressive medications, such as chemotherapy. […] Clinicians should be aware of the eligibility criteria and the potential for drug interactions with the use of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir that may preclude ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir use or may require temporary discontinuation of other medications. […] In a clinical trial, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by 87% in unvaccinated outpatients with COVID-19 at higher risk of severe disease.

• #6 COVID-19 Treatment – Coronavirus

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/protect-yourself/treatments/

  Most people with mild or moderate COVID-19 can recover using at-home over-the-counter treatments like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin). However, some people with COVID-19 may benefit from treatments prescribed by a healthcare provider. […] People who are at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 can receive treatment for COVID-19. This includes: Adults aged 50 and older, People who are unvaccinated or are not up to date on their COVID-19 vaccines, People with certain health conditions (lung disease, heart disease, asthma, current and former smokers), People who live in congregate settings (nursing homes, long term care settings), People with a weakened immune system. […] There are also treatments available for people who are in the hospital with severe illness from COVID-19. If you have questions, please contact your health care provider.

• #7 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/About-COVID-19-Treatments.aspx

  When? Act quickly to start COVID-19 medications while your illness is still mild. Most COVID-19 medications must be started within the first 5 days of symptoms. […] Who? COVID-19 medications are recommended for people with factors that make them higher risk for serious COVID-19 illness. A doctor will help decide which medication, if any, is right for you. Factors that increase risk of serious COVID-19 illness include: […] You are 50 years old or older OR […] You are unvaccinated or not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccinations OR […] You have a health condition or other factors that increase risk. These include obesity, asthma, diabetes, lack of physical activity, smoking, mental health conditions such as depression, and more. Learn more about factors that increase the risk of serious illness from COVID-19.

• #8 COVID-19 Treatment – Coronavirus

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/protect-yourself/treatments/

  Most people with mild or moderate COVID-19 can recover using at-home over-the-counter treatments like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin). However, some people with COVID-19 may benefit from treatments prescribed by a healthcare provider. […] People who are at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 can receive treatment for COVID-19. This includes: Adults aged 50 and older, People who are unvaccinated or are not up to date on their COVID-19 vaccines, People with certain health conditions (lung disease, heart disease, asthma, current and former smokers), People who live in congregate settings (nursing homes, long term care settings), People with a weakened immune system. […] There are also treatments available for people who are in the hospital with severe illness from COVID-19. If you have questions, please contact your health care provider.

• #9 IDSA Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/

  During the early phase of the infection, when viral load is high and the hosts adaptive immune system has not mounted an adequate response, treatments targeting viral replication are most likely to be effective. These include both the direct antiviral therapies nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, molnupiravir, and remdesivir; and the passive immunity therapies of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and donor convalescent plasma. […] Timely initiation of antiviral therapies is critical as they are more efficacious when given within 5 to 7 days of symptom onset. […] Later in the disease process, in patients with severe and especially critical disease, an excessive and aberrant inflammatory response is implicated to be the primary cause of immunopathological damage. At this stage anti-inflammatory therapies like corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors or JAK inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial.

• #10 COVID-19 drugs: Are there any that work?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-drugs/faq-20485627

  COVID-19 medicine can help people who are at risk of, diagnosed with, or have symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The medicine helps manage symptoms, stop the virus that causes COVID-19 from spreading in the body, and manage the body’s immune system response. […] Your healthcare professional may suggest certain medicines if you test positive for COVID-19 and are at high risk of serious illness. These medicines keep mild illness from getting worse. They can include nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir (Veklury) or molnupiravir (Lagevrio). […] Paxlovid combines two medicines. The first, called nirmatrelvir, blocks the activity of an enzyme the COVID-19 virus needs to copy itself, also called replicate. The second medicine, called ritonavir, helps slow the breakdown of nirmatrelvir. Paxlovid is approved to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in people age 12 and older who are at higher risk of serious illness. The medicine is taken by mouth as a pill.

• #11 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  Paxlovid is an antiviral therapy that consists of two separate medications packaged together. […] You have to take Paxlovid within five days of developing symptoms. […] Like all antivirals, Paxlovid works best early in the course of an illnessin this case, within the first five days of symptom onset, says Jeffrey Topal, MD, a Yale Medicine infectious diseases specialist who is involved in determining COVID treatment protocols for Yale New Haven Hospital patients. […] The standard dose is three Paxlovid pills twice daily (in the morning and at bedtime) for five days for a full course that adds up to 30 pills. […] In order to qualify for a prescription, you must be at high risk for developing severe COVID. […] The FDAs approval of Paxlovid for adults in 2023 was based on the totality of scientific evidence submitted by Pfizer, including efficacy data from a Phase 2/3 study showing an 86% reduction in risk of COVID-related hospitalization or death from any cause in patients who took Paxlovid within five days of symptom onset.

• #12 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  Oral antivirals are a pill taken by mouth for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain people. They are available by prescription only. […] The oral antivirals Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and molnupiravir provide another tool for treating COVID-19 in patients at highest risk for severe illness. […] Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medication that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). Paxlovid is FDA-approved for use in adults and children aged 12 years and older. It is recommended for people with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for severe disease. […] Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral medication that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). It has been authorized for use in adults ages 18 and older with mild to moderate COVID-19, and at high risk for severe disease.

• #13 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Oral antivirals are available for people who meet all of the following conditions: […] Are age 12 years and older and weigh at least 88 pounds for Paxlovid; 18 years and older for Lagevrio (molnupiravir) […] Have mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms […] Are able to start treatment within five days of symptom onset […] Are not hospitalized due to severe or critical COVID-19 when treatment is initiated […] Have at least one risk factor for progression to severe COVID-19, including: […] Age 50 years or older, with risk increasing substantially for those 65 years and older […] Being unvaccinated against COVID-19 […] Have a medical condition or other factors that increase their risk for severe COVID-19 illness […] Providers can use HHS’s COVID-19 Decision Support Tool to support their clinical decisions.

• #14 Coronavirus: COVID-19 Treatment InformationIN.gov

  https://www.coronavirus.in.gov/covid-19-treatment-information/

  Paxlovid is an antiviral drug that works by blocking an enzyme necessary for the replication of the virus. Paxlovid is administered as three tablets (two tablets of nirmatrelvir and one tablet of ritonavir) taken together orally twice daily for five days, for a total of 30 tablets. Paxlovid is available by prescription only and should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of COVID-19 and within five days of symptom onset. […] FDA issued EUA for Merck’s molnupiravir (brand name Lagevrio) for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults 18 and older who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, and for whom alternative COVID-19 treatment options authorized by the FDA are not accessible or clinically appropriate. Molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death among patients with COVID-19 by 30% compared to placebo.

• #15 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  Paxlovid is an antiviral therapy that consists of two separate medications packaged together. […] You have to take Paxlovid within five days of developing symptoms. […] Like all antivirals, Paxlovid works best early in the course of an illnessin this case, within the first five days of symptom onset, says Jeffrey Topal, MD, a Yale Medicine infectious diseases specialist who is involved in determining COVID treatment protocols for Yale New Haven Hospital patients. […] The standard dose is three Paxlovid pills twice daily (in the morning and at bedtime) for five days for a full course that adds up to 30 pills. […] In order to qualify for a prescription, you must be at high risk for developing severe COVID. […] The FDAs approval of Paxlovid for adults in 2023 was based on the totality of scientific evidence submitted by Pfizer, including efficacy data from a Phase 2/3 study showing an 86% reduction in risk of COVID-related hospitalization or death from any cause in patients who took Paxlovid within five days of symptom onset.

• #16 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  Treatment must be started within five days of symptom onset and is given as a five-day treatment course. […] Efficacy: In the EPIC-HR trial (Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults, New England Journal of Medicine), ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) reduced the risk of hospitalization or death by 89% compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, high-risk, unvaccinated adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Currently recommended as an alternative therapy for use when the preferred therapies (Paxlovid or outpatient remdesivir, see below) are not available, feasible to use, or clinically appropriate. […] Authorized for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients at high risk for severe illness from COVID-19. […] Treatment must be started within five days of symptom onset and is given as a five-day treatment course.

• #17 Drug treatment of COVID-19 infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10090306/

  Recent observational studies provided evidence for clinical effectiveness of these antiviral treatments given to outpatients in real-world settings. […] Studies evaluating effectiveness of molnupiravir yielded inconclusive results, with one study from Hong Kong demonstrating 28% reduction in hospital admission and another showing 24% reduction in mortality. […] Real-world studies evaluating effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir demonstrated benefits in reducing hospital admission by 21-73% and mortality by 66-79%. […] In summary, with regards to the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease in the outpatient setting, early use of antiviral treatment in individuals with risk factors for disease progression is highly recommended. […] In summary, with regards to the treatment of patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate disease, in the lack of randomized trial data, real-world data show the benefit from early use of antivirals, with improved survival.

• #18 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) and molnupiravir (Lagevrio) are authorized for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients at increased risk for severe illness. Paxlovid is the preferred first line therapy and is FDA-approved for use in adults and children aged older than 12 years. Molnupiravir is authorized for use in adults 18 years and older for whom other therapies are not available or clinically appropriate. Patients are not required to have a positive test to be treated with oral antivirals but should have a current clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate COVID-19. […] Currently the preferred first-line therapy for treatment of eligible patients with COVID-19. […] Authorized for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients at high risk for severe illness from COVID-19.

• #19 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Antiviral Products […] In clinical trials, antivirals as an outpatient therapy reduce the risk of hospitalization and death by 88% with Paxlovid, 87% with remdesivir, and 30% with molnupiravir. In real-world studies, antivirals significantly reduced the risks of hospitalization and death among high-risk non-hospitalized patients during periods of Omicron and Omicron-variants circulation, including among highly vaccinated populations. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for most outpatients aged 12 and older. […] Intravenous Veklury (remdesivir) is recommended for patients younger than 12 years of age or for those unable to take Paxlovid. […] Lagevrio (molnupiravir) is authorized for use in people ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate.

• #20 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  The most common side effects of taking Paxlovid include impaired sense of taste (for example, a metallic taste in the mouth) and diarrhea, according to the FDA. […] There is a long list of medications Paxlovid may interact with, and in some cases, doctors may not prescribe Paxlovid because these interactions may cause serious complications. […] There have been reports of a rebound of COVID symptoms in some people within 2 to 8 days after completing the five-day course of Paxlovid; in those cases, some have tested positive again but have no symptoms; others have a recurrence of symptoms. […] Vaccination, testing, and mitigation efforts such as masking, remain a key part of prevention, even as more drugs become available, says Dr. Topal. […] But for many high-risk patients, this medication can really reduce that risk.

• #21 What doctors wish patients knew about COVID-19 oral antivirals | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-covid-19-oral-antivirals

  Both of these oral antivirals are used only for treatment of patients who have confirmed COVID-19 infection. […] Paxlovid and molnupiravir are not indicated for somebody who has severe COVID-19 as these medications are intended for outpatient care. […] For molnupiravir, the four capsules are taken by mouth every 12 hours or twice a day for five days and not longer. […] What appears to be the most common side effects with Paxlovid are altered taste or potentially loss of taste, diarrhea, and myalgia. […] For molnupiravir, it does have some gastrointestinal side effects, namely diarrhea and nausea as well as some reported adverse side effects of dizziness. […] Molnupiravir is not recommended for use during pregnancy because of a potential for fetal harm in pregnant persons. […] For Paxlovid, at this juncture, there isn’t that same prohibition against use in pregnancy.

• #22 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  The most common side effects of taking Paxlovid include impaired sense of taste (for example, a metallic taste in the mouth) and diarrhea, according to the FDA. […] There is a long list of medications Paxlovid may interact with, and in some cases, doctors may not prescribe Paxlovid because these interactions may cause serious complications. […] There have been reports of a rebound of COVID symptoms in some people within 2 to 8 days after completing the five-day course of Paxlovid; in those cases, some have tested positive again but have no symptoms; others have a recurrence of symptoms. […] Vaccination, testing, and mitigation efforts such as masking, remain a key part of prevention, even as more drugs become available, says Dr. Topal. […] But for many high-risk patients, this medication can really reduce that risk.

• #23 COVID Therapeutics

  https://www.longbeach.gov/health/diseases-and-condition/information-on/coronavirus/covid-therapeutics/

  This is a summary of recommendations and resources for COVID-19 therapeutics adapted from information provided by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). Because COVID-19 therapeutics are a rapidly changing area of pandemic response, we encourage all providers to regularly check for updates on variant resistance, eligible populations, and treatment guidelines. […] The 3 medicines in the table below are available to treat mild to moderate COVID-19. Two are medicines that are taken by mouth (pills) and one is an IV infusion. They all work by helping to prevent the virus from multiplying in your body. All 3 medicines are authorized or approved by the FDA to treat COVID-19. […] Paxlovid is the recommended treatment for most people. It is very effective, easy to take, and safe. Talk to your doctor if you are taking other medicines. They may tell you to stop or lower the dose of your medicines while you take Paxlovid.

• #24 The development of COVID-19 treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9909293/

  All the treatments can be subcategorized into two big groups on the basis of their targets: antiviral agents and therapies targeting host. […] Antiviral agents against COVID-19 reported mainly include polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, inhibitors of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase, entry and uncoating inhibitors, and other antivirals. […] Remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug, and its active metabolite can inhibit the activity of RNA polymerases, which is a key enzyme for the replication of many viruses, including coronaviridae. Remdesivir showed antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2, and it was approved by FDA for treating COVID-19. […] Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, selectively inhibits the RNA polymerase of viral and has antiviral effects on a variety of RNA viruses. A clinical study demonstrated that standard supportive care plus early oral favipiravir monotherapy significantly decreased the recovery time of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 compared with the standard supportive care alone.

• #25 COVID-19 drugs: Are there any that work?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-drugs/faq-20485627

  Remdesivir is a medicine that blocks the virus that causes COVID-19 from spreading in the body. It’s used to treat COVID-19 in people age 12 and older. It’s given through a needle into a vein, known as intravenously (IV). […] The FDA has authorized an antiviral drug called molnupiravir. Molnupiravir treats mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults at higher risk of serious illness who can’t take other treatments. The medication is taken by mouth as a pill. […] People in the hospital with serious COVID-19 may get remdesivir. Another option is a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone. That medicine helps lower inflammation. […] Baricitinib, a pill, seems to treat COVID-19 as an antiviral medicine and by lowering inflammation. Tocilizumab is a shot, also called an injection, that seems to work against the COVID-19 virus by lowering inflammation. Healthcare professionals may use these medicines for people in the hospital with COVID-19 who need supplemental oxygen or machines to help them breathe.

• #26 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). Remdesivir is given through a needle in the vein (intravenously) over time, which is called an IV infusion. […] Remdesivir is approved for outpatient treatment of adults and children who are at high risk for severe COVID-19. It should be started as soon as possible, with outpatient treatment beginning within seven days of symptoms developing. […] There is currently one monoclonal antibody (pemivibart, Pemgarda) authorized for the prevention of serious illness from COVID-19 (pre-exposure prophylaxis), in conjunction with COVID-19 vaccines, in people who are immunocompromised and who are unlikely to respond to COVID-19 vaccination. […] The use of antiviral treatments for COVID-19 when you are pregnant or breastfeeding is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM). COVID-19 treatment should not be withheld from you just because you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment option for mild to moderate COVID-19 in people who are not hospitalized. It may be used when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Remdesivir can be taken if you are pregnant or breastfeeding if your doctor thinks it is right for your situation.

• #27 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Antiviral Products […] In clinical trials, antivirals as an outpatient therapy reduce the risk of hospitalization and death by 88% with Paxlovid, 87% with remdesivir, and 30% with molnupiravir. In real-world studies, antivirals significantly reduced the risks of hospitalization and death among high-risk non-hospitalized patients during periods of Omicron and Omicron-variants circulation, including among highly vaccinated populations. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for most outpatients aged 12 and older. […] Intravenous Veklury (remdesivir) is recommended for patients younger than 12 years of age or for those unable to take Paxlovid. […] Lagevrio (molnupiravir) is authorized for use in people ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate.

• #28 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  In the PINETREE trial (Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients, New England Journal of Medicine), three consecutive days of IV remdesivir resulted in an 87% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, high-risk, unvaccinated patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Tocilizumab is an interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with progressive severe or critical COVID-19 illness that demonstrate elevated markers of inflammation. […] Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease and elevated inflammatory markers, but not requiring mechanical ventilation.

• #29 COVID-19 Therapeutics Information Page

  https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/resources/therapeutics-information-page

  Lagevrio is recommended as an alternate therapy for use when the preferred therapies (Paxlovid or outpatient remdesivir) are not available, feasible for use, or clinically appropriate. […] Veklury (remdesivir) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients (ages 28 days and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are either hospitalized or who are not hospitalized but have mild to moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for progression to severe illness. […] Veklury for non-hospitalized patients is administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion over the course of three days. It should be initiated within seven days of symptom onset. […] Due to lack of effectiveness against currently circulating variants of COVID-19, there are currently no monoclonal antibody therapies authorized for use for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 in the United States.

• #30 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  In the PINETREE trial (Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients, New England Journal of Medicine), three consecutive days of IV remdesivir resulted in an 87% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, high-risk, unvaccinated patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Tocilizumab is an interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with progressive severe or critical COVID-19 illness that demonstrate elevated markers of inflammation. […] Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease and elevated inflammatory markers, but not requiring mechanical ventilation.

• #31 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500114-treatment

  Evaluating emerging information on potential COVID-19 therapies has been challenging, but F. Perry Wilson provides a concise guide for clinicians to assess study evidence, using the example of a case series on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin. […] Remdesivir, an antiviral medication, has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization or death in high-risk individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The PINETREE trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, included 562 outpatients with COVID-19 who were considered at high risk for disease progression. The study demonstrated that patients who received remdesivir had an 87% lower risk of hospitalization or death compared to those who received a placebo. […] Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization or death in high-risk individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The medication works by inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2-3CL protease, which is essential for viral replication at an early stage.

• #32 COVID-19 Therapeutics Information Page

  https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/resources/therapeutics-information-page

  Lagevrio is recommended as an alternate therapy for use when the preferred therapies (Paxlovid or outpatient remdesivir) are not available, feasible for use, or clinically appropriate. […] Veklury (remdesivir) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients (ages 28 days and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are either hospitalized or who are not hospitalized but have mild to moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for progression to severe illness. […] Veklury for non-hospitalized patients is administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion over the course of three days. It should be initiated within seven days of symptom onset. […] Due to lack of effectiveness against currently circulating variants of COVID-19, there are currently no monoclonal antibody therapies authorized for use for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19 in the United States.

• #33 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Antiviral Products […] In clinical trials, antivirals as an outpatient therapy reduce the risk of hospitalization and death by 88% with Paxlovid, 87% with remdesivir, and 30% with molnupiravir. In real-world studies, antivirals significantly reduced the risks of hospitalization and death among high-risk non-hospitalized patients during periods of Omicron and Omicron-variants circulation, including among highly vaccinated populations. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for most outpatients aged 12 and older. […] Intravenous Veklury (remdesivir) is recommended for patients younger than 12 years of age or for those unable to take Paxlovid. […] Lagevrio (molnupiravir) is authorized for use in people ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate.

• #34 The development of COVID-19 treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9909293/

  Protease is one of the key enzymes in the processing of coronavirus polyproteins. Many studies have been carried out on protease inhibitors for treating COVID-19 in recent years. Lopinavir is a viral protease inhibitor and is primarily used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). […] Nirmatrelvir is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) enzyme. A phase 2/3 clinical trial was performed in symptomatic, unvaccinated, nonhospitalized adults at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19. […] Azvudine (FNC), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has broad-spectrum antivirus activity including HIV-1. […] Molnupiravir is a small-molecule ribonucleoside prodrug of N-hydroxycytidine and has activity against coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. […] The treatments targeting host include neutralizing antibody therapy, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids.

• #35 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  Oral antivirals are a pill taken by mouth for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain people. They are available by prescription only. […] The oral antivirals Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and molnupiravir provide another tool for treating COVID-19 in patients at highest risk for severe illness. […] Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medication that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). Paxlovid is FDA-approved for use in adults and children aged 12 years and older. It is recommended for people with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for severe disease. […] Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral medication that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). It has been authorized for use in adults ages 18 and older with mild to moderate COVID-19, and at high risk for severe disease.

• #36 COVID-19 Therapeutics Information Page

  https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/resources/therapeutics-information-page

  Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir co-packaged with ritonavir) is an oral antiviral drug that should be initiated as soon as possible within five days of symptom onset. Paxlovid is available for patients by prescription only. Prescriptions can be obtained from a health care provider or through the Test to Treat program. […] Paxlovid is currently the preferred first-line therapy for treatment of eligible patients with COVID-19. […] Paxlovid is authorized for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients at high risk for severe illness from COVID-19. […] Treatment must be started within five days of symptom onset and is given as a five-day treatment course. […] Lagevrio (molnupiravir) is an oral antiviral drug that should be initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of COVID-19 and within five days of symptom onset. Lagevrio has been authorized for adults aged 18 years and older with a current diagnosis of mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progressing to severe COVID-19 including hospitalization or death, and for whom alternative COVID-19 therapeutic options authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not accessible or clinically appropriate.

• #37 What doctors wish patients knew about COVID-19 oral antivirals | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-covid-19-oral-antivirals

  Both of these oral antivirals are used only for treatment of patients who have confirmed COVID-19 infection. […] Paxlovid and molnupiravir are not indicated for somebody who has severe COVID-19 as these medications are intended for outpatient care. […] For molnupiravir, the four capsules are taken by mouth every 12 hours or twice a day for five days and not longer. […] What appears to be the most common side effects with Paxlovid are altered taste or potentially loss of taste, diarrhea, and myalgia. […] For molnupiravir, it does have some gastrointestinal side effects, namely diarrhea and nausea as well as some reported adverse side effects of dizziness. […] Molnupiravir is not recommended for use during pregnancy because of a potential for fetal harm in pregnant persons. […] For Paxlovid, at this juncture, there isn’t that same prohibition against use in pregnancy.

• #38 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  Efficacy: In the MOVe-OUT trial (Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients, New England Journal of Medicine) molnupiravir reduced the rate of hospitalization or death by 30% compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, unvaccinated, high-risk adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Remdesivir is approved by the FDA under the name Veklury for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients (ages 28 days and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are either hospitalized or who are not hospitalized but have mild to moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for progression to severe illness. […] Currently recommended as a preferred therapy for use in eligible patients if Paxlovid is not clinically appropriate (e.g., due to significant drug-drug interactions).

• #39 Drug treatment of COVID-19 infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10090306/

  Recent observational studies provided evidence for clinical effectiveness of these antiviral treatments given to outpatients in real-world settings. […] Studies evaluating effectiveness of molnupiravir yielded inconclusive results, with one study from Hong Kong demonstrating 28% reduction in hospital admission and another showing 24% reduction in mortality. […] Real-world studies evaluating effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir demonstrated benefits in reducing hospital admission by 21-73% and mortality by 66-79%. […] In summary, with regards to the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease in the outpatient setting, early use of antiviral treatment in individuals with risk factors for disease progression is highly recommended. […] In summary, with regards to the treatment of patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate disease, in the lack of randomized trial data, real-world data show the benefit from early use of antivirals, with improved survival.

• #40 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  Efficacy: In the MOVe-OUT trial (Molnupiravir for Oral Treatment of Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients, New England Journal of Medicine) molnupiravir reduced the rate of hospitalization or death by 30% compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, unvaccinated, high-risk adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Remdesivir is approved by the FDA under the name Veklury for the treatment of COVID-19 in adult and pediatric patients (ages 28 days and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are either hospitalized or who are not hospitalized but have mild to moderate COVID-19 and are at high risk for progression to severe illness. […] Currently recommended as a preferred therapy for use in eligible patients if Paxlovid is not clinically appropriate (e.g., due to significant drug-drug interactions).

• #41 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Outpatient Treatments for COVID-19 […] Antivirals work by targeting specific proteins on the SARS-CoV-2 virus to prevent virus replication within the host cell. […] The oral antivirals nirmatrelvir with ritonavir (Paxlovid), molnupiravir (Lagevrio) and the intravenous antiviral remdesivir (Veklury) are available for: […] Treatment of symptomatic patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19. […] Treatment must be started as soon as possible and within 5-7 days of symptom onset. […] Preferred therapies: […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for most outpatients. […] IV remdesivir (Veklury) can be used if Paxlovid is contraindicated. […] Oral molnupiravir (Lagevrio) is authorized as an alternative treatment option when Paxlovid and remdesivir are not accessible or clinically appropriate.

• #42 What doctors wish patients knew about COVID-19 oral antivirals | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-covid-19-oral-antivirals

  Both of these oral antivirals are used only for treatment of patients who have confirmed COVID-19 infection. […] Paxlovid and molnupiravir are not indicated for somebody who has severe COVID-19 as these medications are intended for outpatient care. […] For molnupiravir, the four capsules are taken by mouth every 12 hours or twice a day for five days and not longer. […] What appears to be the most common side effects with Paxlovid are altered taste or potentially loss of taste, diarrhea, and myalgia. […] For molnupiravir, it does have some gastrointestinal side effects, namely diarrhea and nausea as well as some reported adverse side effects of dizziness. […] Molnupiravir is not recommended for use during pregnancy because of a potential for fetal harm in pregnant persons. […] For Paxlovid, at this juncture, there isn’t that same prohibition against use in pregnancy.

• #43 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  Remdesivir is an antiviral drug that works by blocking the virus from making copies of itself (replicating). Remdesivir is given through a needle in the vein (intravenously) over time, which is called an IV infusion. […] Remdesivir is approved for outpatient treatment of adults and children who are at high risk for severe COVID-19. It should be started as soon as possible, with outpatient treatment beginning within seven days of symptoms developing. […] There is currently one monoclonal antibody (pemivibart, Pemgarda) authorized for the prevention of serious illness from COVID-19 (pre-exposure prophylaxis), in conjunction with COVID-19 vaccines, in people who are immunocompromised and who are unlikely to respond to COVID-19 vaccination. […] The use of antiviral treatments for COVID-19 when you are pregnant or breastfeeding is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Society for Maternal Fetal Medicine (SMFM). COVID-19 treatment should not be withheld from you just because you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment option for mild to moderate COVID-19 in people who are not hospitalized. It may be used when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Remdesivir can be taken if you are pregnant or breastfeeding if your doctor thinks it is right for your situation.

• #44 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  Many people with COVID-19 recover with rest, plenty of fluids and care that manages symptoms. Medicine you can get without a prescription can help, such as: […] If you are at high risk of serious COVID-19 illness, your healthcare professional may suggest medicine to prevent mild illness from getting worse. These medicines can include nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir (Veklury) or molnupiravir (Lagevrio). […] If you’re very ill, you may need to be treated in the hospital. […] For people who are in the hospital for COVID-19 care, care is given based on a person’s immune system response and the need for oxygen support. […] Medicines for severe COVID-19 may be remdesivir, baricitinib (Olumiant) and tocilizumab (Actemra), or a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone. […] Another option may come from blood donated by people who have recovered from COVID-19, called convalescent plasma. The blood is processed to remove blood cells, leaving behind a liquid called plasma that has immune system proteins called antibodies. Convalescent plasma with high antibody levels may be used to help people with a weakened immune system recover from COVID-19.

• #45 COVID-19 Treatment | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/treatment-recovery

  There is currently one drug that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat COVID-19: Remdesivir (Veklury), an antiviral which has been shown to shorten the recovery time needed in some hospitalized patients. […] The FDA has also issued emergency use authorization (EUAs) for certain medications that your healthcare provider may prescribe as treatment of COVID-19. […] Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid used to prevent or reduce inflammation in hospitalized patients with severe illness who need supplemental oxygen. […] Tocilizumab, baricitinib or sarlilumab biological therapy used to reduce inflammation in hospitalized patients with severe illness requiring oxygen delivery through a high-flow device, invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO, if used in addition to dexamethasone. […] Supportive care is given for mild to severe symptoms. Supportive care means treating the symptoms while the disease runs its course. […] Some people will take longer than others to feel well again after COVID-19 and may require additional support.

• #46 IDSA Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/

  Corticosteroids, especially dexamethasone, has demonstrated a mortality benefit are recommended as the cornerstone of therapy in severe COVID-19. […] The IL-6 inhibitors tocilizumab and sarilumab and JAK inhibitors baricitinib and tofacitinib have shown a benefit in severe, but non-critical COVID-19 when used with corticosteroids. […] We do not recommend using hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, or convalescent plasma as trials have not shown a benefit in patients with severe disease. […] The guideline panel concluded that the desirable effects outweigh the undesirable effects, though uncertainty still exists, and most informed people would choose the suggested course of action, while a substantial number would not. […] The guideline panel concluded that the undesirable effects outweigh the desirable effects, though uncertainty still exists, and most informed people would choose the suggested course of action, while a substantial number would not.

• #47

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-professionals/clinical-resources/covid-19-care/treatments

  Find information on the use of therapies in the management of adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 across all disease severities (mild to moderate, severe, and critically ill). These therapy recommendations apply to adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 across all disease severities (mild to moderate, severe, and critically ill). New Recommendations for COVID Therapeutics. The CTC has published new recommendations for the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (PaxlovidTM). Other guidance changes include dosing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in those with eGFRs 30ml/min and dialysis, as well as an update pertaining to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Various novel agents have become available in B.C. for the treatment of COVID-19 in mild to moderately ill patients. These therapies include a direct-acting oral combination antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) and an IV direct acting antiviral remdesivir (Veklury). A monoclonal antibody, sotrovimab (Xevudy) is no longer routinely used due to potential loss of activity against current variants of concern. Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld) is no longer used due to complete loss of activity. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is recommended within 5 days of symptom onset to patients who test positive for SARS-COV-2, with appreciable symptoms and a non-reassuring presentation and trajectory, who are at an increased risk for hospitalization or progression to severe COVID-19. Remdesivir 200mg IV on day 1, followed by 100mg IV on days 2 and 3 is recommended within 7 days of symptom onset as an alternative to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir if nirmatrelvir/ritonavir cannot be given due to drug-drug interactions or contraindications. Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) such as sotrovimab are not recommended. Due to reduced binding to Omicron, there are currently no mAbs in Canada that have reliable activity against circulating variants of concern. Colchicine was evaluated at 0.6 mg PO BID x 3 days, then 0.6 mg daily x 27 days in a large Canadian RCT (COLCORONA) and demonstrated a reduction in progression of COVID-19 and hospitalization in a sub-group of patients with PCR confirmed COVID-19. Inhaled corticosteroids budesonide 800 g twice daily OR ciclesonide 320 g twice daily for 14 days may be considered within 14 days of symptom onset in adults with mild to moderate lower respiratory track symptoms of COVID-19. Based on the current scientific evidence and best practice guidelines, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of BC, the College of Pharmacists of BC, the BC College of Nurses and Midwives and the CTC do not approve of the use of ivermectin for either treatment or prophylaxis for COVID-19 and BC registrants must not prescribe it for this purpose. Various therapies have been evaluated to be ineffective and/or unsafe in treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 and are not recommended outside of clinical trials. Dexamethasone 6 mg IV/SC/PO q24h for up to 10 days is strongly recommended. Baricitinib 4 mg PO daily is recommended for patients hospitalized from COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen who show signs of systemic inflammation/cytokine storm. Tocilizumab is not recommended for patients receiving low-flow oxygen support. Therapeutic anticoagulation (LMWH preferred) can be considered in patients without high-risk features for serious bleeding. Remdesivir 200mg IV on day 1 followed by 100mg IV on days 2-5 can be considered in patients who are not receiving baricitinib for COVID-19-related inflammation/cytokine storm. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; Bamlanivimab/etesevimab, REGEN-COV, Sotrovimab, Regdanvimab) are not recommended. Antibiotic therapy is not routinely recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.

• #48 Treatment and management of COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19

  The treatment and management of COVID-19 combines both supportive care, which includes treatment to relieve symptoms, fluid therapy, oxygen support as needed, and a growing list of approved medications. […] Some people may experience persistent symptoms or disability after recovery from the infection, known as long COVID, but there is still limited information on the best management and rehabilitation for this condition. […] Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as paracetamol or NSAIDs to relieve symptoms (fever, body aches, cough), proper intake of fluids, rest, and nasal breathing. […] As of November 2020 use of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone had been strongly recommended in those severe cases treated in hospital with low oxygen levels, to reduce the risk of death.

• #49 IDSA Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/

  During the early phase of the infection, when viral load is high and the hosts adaptive immune system has not mounted an adequate response, treatments targeting viral replication are most likely to be effective. These include both the direct antiviral therapies nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, molnupiravir, and remdesivir; and the passive immunity therapies of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and donor convalescent plasma. […] Timely initiation of antiviral therapies is critical as they are more efficacious when given within 5 to 7 days of symptom onset. […] Later in the disease process, in patients with severe and especially critical disease, an excessive and aberrant inflammatory response is implicated to be the primary cause of immunopathological damage. At this stage anti-inflammatory therapies like corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors or JAK inhibitors have been shown to be beneficial.

• #50 The development of COVID-19 treatment

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9909293/

  The history of antibody therapy can date back to the early 1890s, and, at that time, Dr. Behring and Dr. Kitasato found that the serum from an animal recovered from diphtheria infection could protect diphtheria- and tetanus-infected patients and developed the first serum therapy. […] Convalescent plasma from patients who recovered from infection was adopted to treat severe patients. […] Although convalescent plasma showed partial effectiveness in selected patients, its potential is still controversial. […] Janus kinase inhibitors can competitively bind to the adenosine triphosphate-binding site of JAKs and interfere with the phosphorylation of STATs proteins, thereby inhibiting the expression of downstream inflammatory genes and growth factors. […] Baricitinib is a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor that blocks cytokine and growth factor receptor stimulation, thereby reducing downstream immune cell function.

• #51 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  In the PINETREE trial (Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients, New England Journal of Medicine), three consecutive days of IV remdesivir resulted in an 87% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, high-risk, unvaccinated patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Tocilizumab is an interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with progressive severe or critical COVID-19 illness that demonstrate elevated markers of inflammation. […] Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease and elevated inflammatory markers, but not requiring mechanical ventilation.

• #52 Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/hcp/therapeutic.html

  In the PINETREE trial (Early Remdesivir to Prevent Progression to Severe Covid-19 in Outpatients, New England Journal of Medicine), three consecutive days of IV remdesivir resulted in an 87% reduction in the risk of hospitalization or death compared to placebo in non-hospitalized, high-risk, unvaccinated patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Tocilizumab is an interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with progressive severe or critical COVID-19 illness that demonstrate elevated markers of inflammation. […] Baricitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that can be used in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease and elevated inflammatory markers, but not requiring mechanical ventilation.

• #53 COVID-19 drugs: Are there any that work?

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-drugs/faq-20485627

  Remdesivir is a medicine that blocks the virus that causes COVID-19 from spreading in the body. It’s used to treat COVID-19 in people age 12 and older. It’s given through a needle into a vein, known as intravenously (IV). […] The FDA has authorized an antiviral drug called molnupiravir. Molnupiravir treats mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults at higher risk of serious illness who can’t take other treatments. The medication is taken by mouth as a pill. […] People in the hospital with serious COVID-19 may get remdesivir. Another option is a corticosteroid, such as dexamethasone. That medicine helps lower inflammation. […] Baricitinib, a pill, seems to treat COVID-19 as an antiviral medicine and by lowering inflammation. Tocilizumab is a shot, also called an injection, that seems to work against the COVID-19 virus by lowering inflammation. Healthcare professionals may use these medicines for people in the hospital with COVID-19 who need supplemental oxygen or machines to help them breathe.

• #54 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20479976

  Many people with COVID-19 recover with rest, plenty of fluids and care that manages symptoms. Medicine you can get without a prescription can help, such as: […] If you are at high risk of serious COVID-19 illness, your healthcare professional may suggest medicine to prevent mild illness from getting worse. These medicines can include nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir (Veklury) or molnupiravir (Lagevrio). […] If you’re very ill, you may need to be treated in the hospital. […] For people who are in the hospital for COVID-19 care, care is given based on a person’s immune system response and the need for oxygen support. […] Medicines for severe COVID-19 may be remdesivir, baricitinib (Olumiant) and tocilizumab (Actemra), or a corticosteroid such as dexamethasone. […] Another option may come from blood donated by people who have recovered from COVID-19, called convalescent plasma. The blood is processed to remove blood cells, leaving behind a liquid called plasma that has immune system proteins called antibodies. Convalescent plasma with high antibody levels may be used to help people with a weakened immune system recover from COVID-19.

• #55 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Remdesivir (Veklury) reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by 87% in unvaccinated outpatients with COVID-19 who are at higher risk of severe disease. […] When ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir or remdesivir are not accessible or clinically appropriate, the oral antiviral molnupiravir can be used. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to permit the emergency use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma with high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with immunosuppressive disease or receiving immunosuppressive treatment, in either the outpatient or inpatient setting. […] All patients with symptomatic COVID-19 should be offered symptom management with over-the-counter antipyretics, analgesics, or antitussives for fever, headache, myalgias, and cough.

• #56 Treatment and management of COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19

  The treatment and management of COVID-19 combines both supportive care, which includes treatment to relieve symptoms, fluid therapy, oxygen support as needed, and a growing list of approved medications. […] Some people may experience persistent symptoms or disability after recovery from the infection, known as long COVID, but there is still limited information on the best management and rehabilitation for this condition. […] Most cases of COVID-19 are mild. In these, supportive care includes medication such as paracetamol or NSAIDs to relieve symptoms (fever, body aches, cough), proper intake of fluids, rest, and nasal breathing. […] As of November 2020 use of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone had been strongly recommended in those severe cases treated in hospital with low oxygen levels, to reduce the risk of death.

• #57 Treat COVID-19 symptoms at home

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/covid19/symptoms/treat-symptoms-home/

  Many of the symptoms of COVID-19 can be treated at home. Most people feel better after a few days or weeks. […] Any treatment you may need depends on the symptoms you have. Some people do not need any treatment if their symptoms are very mild. […] The best medicines to use depend on: your symptoms, other medical conditions you have, other medicines you’re taking. […] Paracetamol or ibuprofen may help to lower your temperature and treat aches and pains. Paracetamol is usually recommended as the first treatment for most people. […] Antibiotics do not work against COVID-19 or any viruses. They will not relieve your symptoms or speed up your recovery. […] Medicines are available to treat people with COVID-19 who are at the highest risk of becoming seriously ill. […] You’ll be told by your doctor or consultant if you need these medicines.

• #58 COVID-19 Treatment – Coronavirus

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/protect-yourself/treatments/

  If you have COVID-19 or symptoms and are at increased risk of severe illness, you should contact your health care provider right away regardless of how mild your symptoms are. Treatments are only available by prescription and work best when you start them within 5 days after symptoms start so don’t delay. […] Patients may not have to pay for the medication itself, but there may be other fees associated with getting the treatment. […] If you have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and you are not at increased-risk for severe illness, your healthcare provider may recommend other treatments to help you feel better and help your body fight the virus. Some examples of things to consider include: Drink plenty of liquids with no caffeine to stay hydrated, Get plenty of rest, Take medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) may help to reduce fever. […] Vaccination remains an important tool to control the spread of and prevent COVID-19.

• #59 Treat COVID-19 symptoms at home

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/covid19/symptoms/treat-symptoms-home/

  Many of the symptoms of COVID-19 can be treated at home. Most people feel better after a few days or weeks. […] Any treatment you may need depends on the symptoms you have. Some people do not need any treatment if their symptoms are very mild. […] The best medicines to use depend on: your symptoms, other medical conditions you have, other medicines you’re taking. […] Paracetamol or ibuprofen may help to lower your temperature and treat aches and pains. Paracetamol is usually recommended as the first treatment for most people. […] Antibiotics do not work against COVID-19 or any viruses. They will not relieve your symptoms or speed up your recovery. […] Medicines are available to treat people with COVID-19 who are at the highest risk of becoming seriously ill. […] You’ll be told by your doctor or consultant if you need these medicines.

• #60 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Remdesivir (Veklury) reduced the risk of hospitalization and death by 87% in unvaccinated outpatients with COVID-19 who are at higher risk of severe disease. […] When ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir or remdesivir are not accessible or clinically appropriate, the oral antiviral molnupiravir can be used. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to permit the emergency use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma with high titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with immunosuppressive disease or receiving immunosuppressive treatment, in either the outpatient or inpatient setting. […] All patients with symptomatic COVID-19 should be offered symptom management with over-the-counter antipyretics, analgesics, or antitussives for fever, headache, myalgias, and cough.

• #61 IDSA Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/

  COVID-19 is considered mild when there are clinical features suggestive of upper respiratory tract involvement without features of lung or other end organ involvement. Moderate COVID-19 is pulmonary involvement with no hypoxia. […] Patients who have these risk factors should be offered treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for 5 days (oral) or remdesivir for 3 days (intravenous). […] We do not recommend using hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, or lopinavir/ritonavir as trials have shown no evidence of benefit. […] We recommend against the use of ivermectin outside of the context of a clinical trial given the low certainty of evidence for its benefit. […] Patients with severe COVID-19 are those whose infection has pulmonary involvement resulting in hypoxia while breathing room air and/or needing treatment with low flow oxygen.

• #62 Treatment and management of COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19

  Antiviral agents play a critical role in reducing disease severity and hospitalization rates. Remdesivir, an FDA-approved RNA polymerase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in shortening recovery time in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. […] Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, has been shown to reduce mortality in critically ill patients requiring oxygen or ventilation. […] Supportive treatments remain vital, including oxygen therapy, anticoagulation for thrombotic complications, and prone positioning to improve respiratory function. […] As of 2020, several treatments had been investigated and found to be ineffective or unsafe, and are thus were not recommended for use; these include baloxavir marboxil, lopinavir/ritonavir, ruxolitinib, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon -1a, and colchicine. […] As of July 2022, WHO strongly recommended against treating non-severe cases with convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir or colchicine and recommended conditionally against corticosteroids or ivermectin or fluvoxamine or nirmatrelvir and ritonavir.

• #63 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) medication is available for some people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised for additional protection against COVID-19. […] Pemivibart (Pemgarda) is a monoclonal antibody for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis in people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised and unlikely to mount an adequate immune response to COVID-19 vaccination and who meet the FDA-authorized conditions for use. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis helps prevent COVID-19 but does not take the place of vaccination in people who are eligible to receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine.

• #64 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) medication is available for some people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised for additional protection against COVID-19. […] Pemivibart (Pemgarda) is a monoclonal antibody for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis in people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised and unlikely to mount an adequate immune response to COVID-19 vaccination and who meet the FDA-authorized conditions for use. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis helps prevent COVID-19 but does not take the place of vaccination in people who are eligible to receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine.

• #65 COVID-19 Treatment Clinical Care for Outpatients | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment.html

  Pre-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) medication is available for some people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised for additional protection against COVID-19. […] Pemivibart (Pemgarda) is a monoclonal antibody for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis in people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised and unlikely to mount an adequate immune response to COVID-19 vaccination and who meet the FDA-authorized conditions for use. […] Pre-exposure prophylaxis helps prevent COVID-19 but does not take the place of vaccination in people who are eligible to receive an updated COVID-19 vaccine.

• #66 13 Things To Know About Paxlovid, the Latest COVID-19 Pill > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/13-things-to-know-paxlovid-covid-19

  The most common side effects of taking Paxlovid include impaired sense of taste (for example, a metallic taste in the mouth) and diarrhea, according to the FDA. […] There is a long list of medications Paxlovid may interact with, and in some cases, doctors may not prescribe Paxlovid because these interactions may cause serious complications. […] There have been reports of a rebound of COVID symptoms in some people within 2 to 8 days after completing the five-day course of Paxlovid; in those cases, some have tested positive again but have no symptoms; others have a recurrence of symptoms. […] Vaccination, testing, and mitigation efforts such as masking, remain a key part of prevention, even as more drugs become available, says Dr. Topal. […] But for many high-risk patients, this medication can really reduce that risk.

• #67 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Oral antiviral treatment must be administered within five days of symptom onset, but it is most effective the sooner patients begin. Treatment should be offered to any eligible patient at higher risk for severe COVID-19, regardless of vaccination status. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for eligible patients ages 12 years and older. […] Lagevrio should be prescribed for patients ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate. […] Veklury (remdesivir) is available for adults and children 28 days and older. It is administered daily for 3 consecutive days via intravenous infusion and treatment should start within 7 days of symptoms onset. […] COVID-19 rebound is the term used to describe a recurrence of symptoms or SARS CoV-2 antigen positivity, which can occur between 2 and 8 days after initial recovery. Recent studies suggest that patients who experience rebound have an extremely low probability of developing severe COVID-19. Retreatment is not currently recommended. The potential for COVID-19 rebound after antiviral treatment is not a reason to avoid prescribing.

• #68 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/About-COVID-19-Treatments.aspx

  Cost? There may be a cost for the medications, but they should remain free or low-cost for most patients through insurance and/or patient assistance programs. Please refer below for more information. The medications are free for Medi-Cal members. […] How? As soon as you feel sick, test for COVID-19. If you test positive and are in a high risk group, use the options below to ask for a prescription for COVID-19 medication. […] What If I get COVID-19 rebound? COVID-19 rebound is a return of mild symptoms and a new positive test a few days after symptoms improve or you test negative. COVID-19 rebound has not yet been shown to cause serious illness. COVID-19 rebound can occur with COVID-19 whether you take medications or not. However, studies have shown that COVID-19 rebound may occur more frequently in individuals who have taken Paxlovid. Regardless of whether rebound occurs, COVID-19 medications lower the risk of serious illness, may help you test negative sooner, and may lower the risk of developing long COVID.

• #69 Types of COVID-19 Treatment | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html

  Several treatment options are available for treating COVID-19. […] Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavir (Paxlovid) must begin within 5 days of when symptoms start. […] Veklury (remdesivir) must begin within 7 days of when symptoms start. […] Molnupiravir (Lagevrio) must begin within 5 days of when symptoms start. […] Some treatments might have side effects or interact with other medications you are taking. […] If you are hospitalized, your healthcare provider might use other types of medications, depending on how sick you are. […] If you have a weakened immune system, have received antiviral treatment, and continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend additional treatment, including convalescent plasma. […] COVID-19 oral antiviral treatments Paxlovid and Lagevrio are available for certain people at a lower cost. […] Talk to a healthcare provider about taking medications to treat COVID-19. […] The benefits of COVID-19 treatment outweigh the risk of rebound if you are at high risk for severe COVID-19.

• #70 What To Do If You Feel Sick | NC COVID-19

  https://covid19.ncdhhs.gov/what-to-do-if-you-feel-sick

  Patient assistance programs are available to help lower the cost of COVID-19 treatments, even if you dont have insurance. […] The benefits of treatment outweigh the risk of rebound if you are at high risk for severe COVID-19. Research shows no increased risk of severe COVID-19 in people who experience rebound after treatment.

• #71 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Oral antiviral treatment must be administered within five days of symptom onset, but it is most effective the sooner patients begin. Treatment should be offered to any eligible patient at higher risk for severe COVID-19, regardless of vaccination status. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for eligible patients ages 12 years and older. […] Lagevrio should be prescribed for patients ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate. […] Veklury (remdesivir) is available for adults and children 28 days and older. It is administered daily for 3 consecutive days via intravenous infusion and treatment should start within 7 days of symptoms onset. […] COVID-19 rebound is the term used to describe a recurrence of symptoms or SARS CoV-2 antigen positivity, which can occur between 2 and 8 days after initial recovery. Recent studies suggest that patients who experience rebound have an extremely low probability of developing severe COVID-19. Retreatment is not currently recommended. The potential for COVID-19 rebound after antiviral treatment is not a reason to avoid prescribing.

• #72 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/About-COVID-19-Treatments.aspx

  On this page: […] About COVID-19 Medications […] How to Find COVID-19 Medications […] Telehealth Options […] Patient Assistance Programs […] In individuals who are at high risk for severe disease, prescription COVID-19 treatments can prevent serious illness when started early. If you feel sick and are at high risk, act fast to test for COVID-19 and seek treatment options if you are eligible. […] What? COVID-19 medications can stop the virus from multiplying in your body. Most medications are oral pills that can be taken at home. It is important to remember that COVID-19 medications are not a replacement for vaccines. The best way to protect yourself from COVID-19 is to get vaccinated. Both COVID-19 vaccines and medications prevent serious illness from COVID-19. […] Why? When started early after symptoms begin, COVID-19 medications can prevent serious illness in certain high risk individuals.

• #73 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  People with risk factors for severe illness with COVID-19, such as older age or underlying health conditions, may benefit from COVID-19 antiviral medications. These treatments can help prevent severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. […] COVID-19 medications are not a substitute for prevention. It is still recommended that everyone who is eligible get vaccinated and take other steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19. […] Antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are available for patients with mild to moderate symptoms, who are not in the hospital, who have had symptoms for seven days or less, and who are at high risk for severe illness. […] COVID-19 medications may be available for free or at low cost. Ask your health care provider (such as your doctor) or pharmacist if you are eligible for a patient assistance program to help pay for your medications.

• #74 Accessing Antiviral Medications for COVID-19 | Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

  https://cdphe.colorado.gov/covid-19/accessing-antiviral-medications

  Oral medications, nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) and molnupiravir (Lagevrio), and the IV medication remdesivir (Veklury) are antiviral medications available for use in the outpatient setting. […] However, patient assistance programs are available to cover the costs, and medication will be free or low-cost for most patients. […] Healthcare providers can quickly access the following resources for clinical recommendations and patient support: […] Patient assistance programs provide low and no-cost access to COVID-19 medicines to patients who are underinsured, uninsured, or on Medicare or Medicaid. […] Paxlovid can be accessed at reduced or no cost depending on insurance type and eligibility. […] Molnupiravir (Lagevrio) can be accessed at reduced or no cost to eligible patients.

• #75 COVID 19 Therapeutics

  https://portal.ct.gov/dph/public-health-preparedness/dph-covid-19-specific-resources/covid-19-therapeutics

  Veklury (remdesivir) is an antiviral drug for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. […] Test to Treat is a new nationwide initiative where people will be able to get tested and if they are positive access treatments all in one location. […] There are steps you can take to protect yourself, your household, and your community from severe illness from COVID-19. These include staying up to date on vaccination, getting tested for COVID-19 if you are symptomatic, and seeking treatment if you test positive.

• #76 COVID-19 Medications – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/meds.html

  People with risk factors for severe illness with COVID-19, such as older age or underlying health conditions, may benefit from COVID-19 antiviral medications. These treatments can help prevent severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. […] COVID-19 medications are not a substitute for prevention. It is still recommended that everyone who is eligible get vaccinated and take other steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19. […] Antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are available for patients with mild to moderate symptoms, who are not in the hospital, who have had symptoms for seven days or less, and who are at high risk for severe illness. […] COVID-19 medications may be available for free or at low cost. Ask your health care provider (such as your doctor) or pharmacist if you are eligible for a patient assistance program to help pay for your medications.

• #77 Types of COVID-19 Treatment | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html

  Several treatment options are available for treating COVID-19. […] Nirmatrelvir with Ritonavir (Paxlovid) must begin within 5 days of when symptoms start. […] Veklury (remdesivir) must begin within 7 days of when symptoms start. […] Molnupiravir (Lagevrio) must begin within 5 days of when symptoms start. […] Some treatments might have side effects or interact with other medications you are taking. […] If you are hospitalized, your healthcare provider might use other types of medications, depending on how sick you are. […] If you have a weakened immune system, have received antiviral treatment, and continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend additional treatment, including convalescent plasma. […] COVID-19 oral antiviral treatments Paxlovid and Lagevrio are available for certain people at a lower cost. […] Talk to a healthcare provider about taking medications to treat COVID-19. […] The benefits of COVID-19 treatment outweigh the risk of rebound if you are at high risk for severe COVID-19.

• #78 What doctors wish patients knew about COVID-19 oral antivirals | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-covid-19-oral-antivirals

  For patients who are younger than 18, molnupiravir is not authorized and should not be considered as a therapeutic option for pediatric patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. […] I can’t stress enough that these oral antivirals are not a substitute for getting a COVID-19 vaccine. […] The COVID-19 vaccines will help prevent a person who gets infected with COVID-19 from suffering severe enough illness that they will need hospitalization, or worst case die. […] In no way are these antivirals a substitute for the biggest priority right now, which is getting as many people vaccinated as completely as possible against COVID-19.

• #79 COVID-19: Outpatient Therapeutic Information for Providers – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-providers-treatments.page

  Oral antiviral treatment must be administered within five days of symptom onset, but it is most effective the sooner patients begin. Treatment should be offered to any eligible patient at higher risk for severe COVID-19, regardless of vaccination status. […] Paxlovid is the preferred treatment for eligible patients ages 12 years and older. […] Lagevrio should be prescribed for patients ages 18 years and older for whom alternative FDA-authorized COVID-19 treatment options are not accessible or clinically appropriate. […] Veklury (remdesivir) is available for adults and children 28 days and older. It is administered daily for 3 consecutive days via intravenous infusion and treatment should start within 7 days of symptoms onset. […] COVID-19 rebound is the term used to describe a recurrence of symptoms or SARS CoV-2 antigen positivity, which can occur between 2 and 8 days after initial recovery. Recent studies suggest that patients who experience rebound have an extremely low probability of developing severe COVID-19. Retreatment is not currently recommended. The potential for COVID-19 rebound after antiviral treatment is not a reason to avoid prescribing.

• #80 Paxlovid™ | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/division-infectious-diseases/conditions/coronavirus/treatment

  Paxlovid may help patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. If you are eligible to receive Paxlovid, you can receive it when you have a doctor’s prescription. […] Paxlovid is available as a COVID-19 treatment when a patient meets criteria, including: […] At UPMC, use of Paxlovid is not permitted in patients with a negative PCR test. Taking Paxlovid when not indicated may put a patient at risk for side effects, possible drug-drug interactions, health care costs, and does not treat an underlying condition if it is not COVID-19. […] If you received Paxlovid for treatment of COVID-19, you can receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as you are clinically well (recovered) and considered no longer contagious. […] Yes. If you get COVID-19 and meet criteria for Paxlovid, you can receive it. […] If you have COVID-19, as an alternative you may also be eligible for Paxlovid, an antiviral medicine taken by mouth, available at retail pharmacies with a prescription.

• #81 Types of COVID-19 Treatment | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html

  If you have COVID-19 and are more likely to get very sick, medications are available that can reduce your risk of hospitalization and death. […] Don’t delay: Treatments must be started within 5-7 days after you first develop symptoms to be effective. […] Treatment must be started within 5-7 days of when your symptoms first start. You do not need a positive test to start treatment so if you get sick and are at high risk for severe illness, talk to your healthcare provider as soon as possible. […] FDA has authorized or approved several antiviral medications used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 in people who are more likely to get very sick. […] Antiviral medications target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the body once someone is infected, helping to prevent severe illness and death.

• #82 COVID-19: Treatments and Medications | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/covid-19/treatments.htm

  While most people with COVID-19 have mild illness and recover at home, some people require medical care and treatment. Treatments for COVID-19 should always be prescribed by a doctor. If you have COVID-19 symptoms, contact a doctor right away and do not delay treatment. […] Talk to a doctor to see which COVID-19 treatment or medication may be right for you. They can help determine if you are eligible. […] If you have symptoms of COVID-19, oral antiviral pills can help prevent severe illness. […] These medications stop the virus from replicating in your body which reduces your risk of severe COVID-19 illness, hospitalization, or death. […] Paxlovid is an oral antiviral medicine that can be used to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms. […] Paxlovid prevents the virus that causes COVID-19 from replicating in your body. This helps reduce your chance of being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19.

• #83 COVID-19 Treatment – Coronavirus

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/protect-yourself/treatments/

  If you have COVID-19 or symptoms and are at increased risk of severe illness, you should contact your health care provider right away regardless of how mild your symptoms are. Treatments are only available by prescription and work best when you start them within 5 days after symptoms start so don’t delay. […] Patients may not have to pay for the medication itself, but there may be other fees associated with getting the treatment. […] If you have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and you are not at increased-risk for severe illness, your healthcare provider may recommend other treatments to help you feel better and help your body fight the virus. Some examples of things to consider include: Drink plenty of liquids with no caffeine to stay hydrated, Get plenty of rest, Take medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin) may help to reduce fever. […] Vaccination remains an important tool to control the spread of and prevent COVID-19.

• #84 Treatments for COVID-19 | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/treatments-for-covid-19

  Positive for COVID-19? Get treatment, right away. […] If you have COVID-19 and are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19, treatments are available that can help prevent hospitalization and reduce your chance for severe disease. […] Therapeutic treatments do not replace emergency medical care. Please watch out for emergency warning signs. […] Treatment is available for people who are at increased risk of severe disease and have developed COVID-19 symptoms in the last 5 days, even mild ones (such as runny nose or cough). The sooner you start treatment, the better. […] COVID-19 therapeutic treatments, including an FDA-approved antiviral IV therapy and oral antivirals, can help lower the amount of virus in your body, protecting you from severe symptoms. […] Treatment pills: Paxlovid (must be taken within 5 days of your first COVID-19 symptom) is an antiviral treatment pill for individuals age 12 and older. A free telehealth service is available to help you find out if it is right for you.

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