Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Types of COVID-19 Treatment | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/treatment/index.html

  A COVID-19 vaccine is the first step to prevent severe health outcomes. Antiviral treatments are not a replacement for COVID-19 vaccinations. […] COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States effectively protect people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and even dying. As with vaccines for other diseases, you are protected best when you stay up to date. […] Alongside vaccination, practicing core prevention strategies like good hygiene, taking steps for cleaner air, and staying home when sick is vital in preventing the spread of COVID-19. […] FDA has authorized a preventive monoclonal antibody for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, ages 12 years and older, and weigh at least 88 pounds. In addition to vaccination, Pemivibart (Pemgarda) may provide another layer of protection against COVID-19 and can be given at least 2 weeks after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.

• #2 Advice for the public: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

  Stay aware of the latest COVID-19 information by regularly checking updates from WHO in addition to national and local public health authorities. […] Protect yourself and those around you: […] Get vaccinated as soon as its your turn and follow local guidance on vaccination. […] Keep physical distance of at least 1 metre from others, even if they dont appear to be sick. Avoid crowds and close contact. […] Wear a properly fitted mask when physical distancing is not possible and in poorly ventilated settings. […] Clean your hands frequently with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. […] Cover your mouth and nose with a bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of used tissues immediately and clean hands regularly. […] If you develop symptoms or test positive for COVID-19, self-isolate until you recover.

• #3 Prevent COVID-19 | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/prevention

  COVID-19 vaccines are the best protection available against serious illness, hospitalization and death. […] COVID-19 vaccines help our bodies develop immunity against the virus that causes COVID-19. […] Getting a COVID-19 vaccine is a safer way to build immunity to COVID-19 than getting sick with the disease. […] COVID-19, Flu and RSV vaccines are available to help provide protection this fall and winter.

• #4 Prevent COVID-19 | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/prevention

  We are all at risk for getting and spreading COVID-19. There are steps you can take to prevent yourself and others from getting sick, starting with an updated COVID-19 vaccination. […] Help protect yourself, your loved ones and your community from severe illness from COVID-19 by following these recommendations. […] COVID-19 vaccines help protect you from getting seriously ill from COVID-19 by helping your body develop protection from the virus that causes COVID-19. […] Updated COVID-19 vaccines help: Restore immunity because protection from vaccination does decline over time. Provide protection against the currently circulating virus variants because the virus is always changing. Reduce your chance of having Long COVID. […] COVID-19 vaccines are the best option for preventing COVID-19 illness, hospitalizations and death. Pledge to get yours today!

• #5 Prevent COVID-19 | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/prevention

  COVID-19 vaccines are the best protection available against serious illness, hospitalization and death. […] COVID-19 vaccines help our bodies develop immunity against the virus that causes COVID-19. […] Getting a COVID-19 vaccine is a safer way to build immunity to COVID-19 than getting sick with the disease. […] COVID-19, Flu and RSV vaccines are available to help provide protection this fall and winter.

• #6 COVID-19: Prevention and Groups at Higher Risk – NYC Health

  https://on.nyc.gov/covid19prevention

  The best way to protect yourself and those around you from COVID-19 is to get vaccinated. […] COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for people ages 6 months and older. […] Always wear a mask if you’re sick and unable to separate from others, and for 5 days after you leave home once you start feeling better, as you still may be contagious. […] Always wear a mask for 10 days after being exposed to someone who has COVID-19. […] Consider wearing a mask in crowded indoor public settings, such as on public transit, at large events, and when shopping in crowded stores, especially when COVID-19 levels increase. […] Wear a high-quality mask, such as a KN95, KF94 or N95, for the best protection from COVID-19. […] Get tested if you have symptoms or were recently exposed. […] Follow all isolation guidance, including wearing a mask. COVID-19 is very contagious. You can spread COVID-19 even if you do not have symptoms. […] Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

• #7 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/symptoms-causes/syc-20479963

  Staying up to date on your COVID-19 vaccine helps prevent serious illness, the need for hospital care due to COVID-19 and death from COVID-19. Other ways that may help prevent the spread of this coronavirus includes good indoor air flow, physical distancing, wearing a mask in the right setting and good hygiene. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a COVID-19 vaccine for everyone age 6 months and older. The COVID-19 vaccine can lower the risk of death or serious illness caused by COVID-19. […] In addition to vaccination, there are other ways to stop the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. […] If you are at a higher risk of serious illness, talk to your healthcare professional about how best to protect yourself. […] If you feel ill or have COVID-19, stay home and away from others, including pets, if possible. Avoid sharing household items such as dishes or towels if you’re sick.

• #8 Prevent COVID-19 | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/prevention

  Scrub with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you are unable to wash your hands, using hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol is a good alternative. […] Improving ventilation and filtration can decrease the number of virus particles indoors and help protect you from getting infected with COVID-19 since spread happens easier inside rather than outside. […] If someone is sick or has tested positive for COVID-19, then you should disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as door handles, light switches, faucets and phones, often and with an approved disinfectant. […] Stay home and test for COVID-19 if you feel unwell. Seek treatment if you have COVID-19 and are at high-risk for severe disease. […] Masks are a good way to help protect others when you have symptoms of COVID-19, received a positive COVID-19 test or were exposed to someone with COVID-19.

• #9 Advice for the public: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

  Stay aware of the latest COVID-19 information by regularly checking updates from WHO in addition to national and local public health authorities. […] Protect yourself and those around you: […] Get vaccinated as soon as its your turn and follow local guidance on vaccination. […] Keep physical distance of at least 1 metre from others, even if they dont appear to be sick. Avoid crowds and close contact. […] Wear a properly fitted mask when physical distancing is not possible and in poorly ventilated settings. […] Clean your hands frequently with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. […] Cover your mouth and nose with a bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of used tissues immediately and clean hands regularly. […] If you develop symptoms or test positive for COVID-19, self-isolate until you recover.

• #10 Advice for the public: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

  To make your environment as safe as possible: […] Avoid the 3Cs: spaces that are closed, crowded or involve close contact. […] Meet people outside. Outdoor gatherings are safer than indoor ones, particularly if indoor spaces are small and without outdoor air coming in. […] If you cant avoid crowded or indoor settings, take these precautions: […] Open a window to increase the amount of natural ventilation when indoors. […] Wear a mask (see above for more details). […] By following good respiratory hygiene you protect the people around you from viruses that cause colds, flu and COVID-19. […] To ensure good hygiene you should: […] Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with either an alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water. This eliminates germs that may be on your hands, including viruses.

• #11 Prevention and Recommendations

  https://www.nj.gov/health/covid-19/information/prevention-recommendations/

  Preventing COVID-19 helps protect you, your family, and your community by reducing the spread of the virus and easing the strain on health care systems. […] Vaccines are one of the most effective defenses against severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. Stay informed about current vaccine recommendations for optimal protection. […] Regular handwashing with soap and water, avoiding touching your face, and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing are essential hygiene practices that reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. […] Enhance ventilation by opening windows or using HEPA filters and air purifiers. Ensure HVAC systems are regularly maintained and filters are replaced as recommended. […] Staying home when you’re feeling unwell or have tested positive for COVID-19 is a critical step in preventing the spread of the virus to others.

• #12 Advice for the public: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

  Cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of the used tissue immediately into a closed bin and wash your hands. […] Clean and disinfect surfaces frequently, especially those which are regularly touched, such as door handles, faucets and phone screens. […] If you feel unwell, heres what to do. […] Stay home and self-isolate for 10 days from symptom onset, plus three days after symptoms cease. Call your health care provider or hotline for advice. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your house or have someone near you, wear a properly fitted mask to avoid infecting others. […] Keep up to date on the latest information from trusted sources, such as WHO or your local and national health authorities. Local and national authorities and public health units are best placed to advise on what people in your area should be doing to protect themselves.

• #13 Prevention and Recommendations

  https://www.nj.gov/health/covid-19/information/prevention-recommendations/

  Testing lets you know if you have COVID-19 so you can decide what to do next, like getting treatment to reduce your risk of severe illness and taking steps to lower your chances of spreading the virus to others. […] Wearing a mask can help prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses, particularly in crowded indoor settings or during periods of high transmission. […] Maintaining a safe distance from others can reduce the risk of spreading or contracting respiratory viruses, especially in high-risk settings or during outbreaks. […] If you test positive or develop symptoms, follow these steps to prevent spreading the virus: Stay home and avoid contact with others, including household members. […] Implement prevention strategies like masking, improving air flow, practicing good hygiene, and physical distancing.

• #14 Prevent COVID-19 | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/covid-19/prevention

  Scrub with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If you are unable to wash your hands, using hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol is a good alternative. […] Improving ventilation and filtration can decrease the number of virus particles indoors and help protect you from getting infected with COVID-19 since spread happens easier inside rather than outside. […] If someone is sick or has tested positive for COVID-19, then you should disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as door handles, light switches, faucets and phones, often and with an approved disinfectant. […] Stay home and test for COVID-19 if you feel unwell. Seek treatment if you have COVID-19 and are at high-risk for severe disease. […] Masks are a good way to help protect others when you have symptoms of COVID-19, received a positive COVID-19 test or were exposed to someone with COVID-19.

• #15 Protect Yourself and Others: COVID-19 – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/prevention.html

  Vaccination provides the best protection against becoming seriously ill from COVID-19. […] Improved hygiene includes many simple steps such as washing your hands and covering your cough. […] Cleaner air: Actions like opening windows or holding gatherings outside help to decrease the amount of virus in the air. […] Stay home when you are sick and take precautions to prevent spread. […] Vaccines are available for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases such as influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] Wear a mask […] Keep physical distance […] Test for respiratory viruses. […] If you feel sick, stay home and away from others until 24 hours after both of these things have happened: You are fever-free (without fever-reducing medications), and Your symptoms are getting better.

• #16 COVID-19 Transmission, Symptoms and Prevention | St Charles County, MO – Official Website

  https://www.sccmo.org/2118/COVID-19-Transmission-Symptoms-and-Preve

  Schedule a COVID-19 vaccine appointment to help prevent infection and reduce the risk for severe complications and hospitalization. […] Along with receiving the vaccine, it’s important to follow recommended preventative actions: Regularly wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds and dry hands thoroughly. Use a 60% or greater alcohol-based hand sanitizer, if soap and water are not available. Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces with household sanitizer according to product directions. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands. Cover your cough or sneeze. Stay home when sick, except to seek medical attention. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Prepare for possible isolation requirements by collecting personal and family emergency supplies. Know employer, school and childcare attendance/sick-leave policies. Wear a face covering to help stop the spread. Improve the ventilation if spending time indoors. […] Those most vulnerable include people 60 years of age and older and people with chronic medical conditions such as lung disease, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

• #17 Prevention & Symptoms | Department of Health

  https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/prevention-symptoms

  Consistent with the State’s implementation of CDC’s guidance on COVID prevention, use layered strategies including staying up to date on vaccines and following the steps below to help prevent illness. […] Everyone should: Stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccines. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before you eat. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. Wear a mask in crowded places. Cover your cough and sneezes with a tissue and discard it in a closed container. Clean frequently touched surfaces and objects […] If you have any of the conditions on this list, make sure you are up to date on your COVID-19 vaccinations, and continue to wear a mask, social distance, and wash your hands often to help prevent infection.

• #18 COVID-19 Roundtable: Prophylaxis for the Immunocompromised

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/covid-19-roundtable-prophylaxis-for-the-immunocompromised

  For the immunocompromised there is limited efficacy to vaccines. In a mid-sized study published in the journal, Clinical Infectious Diseases, investigators found decreased COVID-19 vaccination seropositivity amongst immunocompromised populations vs nonimmunocompromised healthcare workers (HCWs). […] In a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MMWR report, a study showed vaccination in this population was significantly reduced in terms of protection against hospitalization. VE against COVID-19associated hospitalization was 38% in the first 759 days after receipt of an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose and 34% in the 60119 days after receipt of an updated dose, the investigators wrote. […] With limited efficacy in these populations, the development of other prophylactic modalities such as monoclonal antibodies have been advanced as a potential alternative.

• #19 FDA Authorizes COVID Drug Pemgarda for High-Risk Patients > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/new-covid-drug-pemgarda

  A Yale Medicine expert explains the significance of a new pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication to protect immunocompromised people against COVID-19. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) to a medicine meant to protect certain immunocompromised people against COVID-19. This medication provides important protection for the immunocompromised, a population that is more likely to have serious COVID illness and a higher mortality rate, says Scott Roberts, MD, a Yale Medicine infectious diseases specialist. For these patients, the pandemic is not over, says Dr. Roberts. Hopefully, this new treatment will help the vulnerable feel safer. Pemgarda is a type of medicine called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which is taken to prevent COVID infection. Pemgarda serves as a tool to increase SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies to levels seen in nonimmunocompromised individuals after vaccination, says Dr. Roberts. Pemgarda is the only COVID PrEP drug on the market. In trials, adintrevimab was associated with an approximate 70% risk reduction of developing symptomatic COVID-19 compared to a placebo, according to Invivyd, the company that makes the drug. Immunocompromised people who are interested in taking Pemgarda should talk to their doctor.

• #20 STAY PrEPARED: Understanding COVID-19 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/stay-prepared-understanding-covid-19-pre-exposure-prophylaxis

  In March 2024, the FDA issued an EUA for pemivibart (Pemgarda) for use as PrEP against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 12 years or older with moderate to severe immune compromise. […] The news release suggested that pemivibart has maintained the ability to produce sufficient virus-neutralizing antibody titers against current circulating variants and remains an option for PrEP for those with moderate to severe immune compromise. […] Although vaccination remains the first-line prevention against COVID-19, some individuals with profound immunosuppression may not mount an adequate response to vaccination. AntiSARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies have been developed as prophylactic agents for COVID-19 in individuals with moderate to severe immune compromise. Currently, pemivibart is the only monoclonal antibody agent authorized for PrEP of COVID-19.

• #21 COVID-19 Roundtable: Prophylaxis for the Immunocompromised

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/covid-19-roundtable-prophylaxis-for-the-immunocompromised

  For the immunocompromised there is limited efficacy to vaccines. In a mid-sized study published in the journal, Clinical Infectious Diseases, investigators found decreased COVID-19 vaccination seropositivity amongst immunocompromised populations vs nonimmunocompromised healthcare workers (HCWs). […] In a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) MMWR report, a study showed vaccination in this population was significantly reduced in terms of protection against hospitalization. VE against COVID-19associated hospitalization was 38% in the first 759 days after receipt of an updated COVID-19 vaccine dose and 34% in the 60119 days after receipt of an updated dose, the investigators wrote. […] With limited efficacy in these populations, the development of other prophylactic modalities such as monoclonal antibodies have been advanced as a potential alternative.

• #22 COVID-19: Prevention & Prophylaxis

  https://www.medpagetoday.com/resource-centers/covid-19-prevention-prophylaxis

  COVID-19: Prevention & Prophylaxis […] “I think I can…I think I can.” Among adults surveyed in 2020, researchers found that self-efficacy and confidence in protective COVID-19 behaviors were better predictors of adherence than fear of COVID-19 itself. […] A booster vaccine dose, however, may increase protection for these patients.

• #23 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21214-coronavirus-covid-19

  Making sure youre up to date with a current COVID vaccine is the best way to reduce your risk of getting sick with COVID and reduce your risk of severe illness if you do get sick. […] You can also reduce your risk by washing your hands frequently and wearing a mask when COVID is spreading. Be courteous and avoid being around others if youre sick or mightve been exposed to someone whos sick. […] If you have a compromised immune system, the monoclonal antibody medication pemivibart (Pemgarda) might be an option. A provider gives it to you in an IV (through your vein) to reduce your risk of getting COVID (pre-exposure prophylaxis).

• #24 FDA authorizes REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19 | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-authorizes-regen-cov-monoclonal-antibody-therapy-post-exposure-prophylaxis-prevention-covid-19

  FDA authorizes REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19. […] Prophylaxis with REGEN-COV is not a substitute for vaccination against COVID-19. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today revised the emergency use authorization (EUA) for REGEN-COV (casirivimab and imdevimab, administered together) authorizing REGEN-COV for emergency use as post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19 in adults and pediatric individuals (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. […] REGEN-COV is not authorized for pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent COVID-19 before being exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus — only after exposure to the virus. […] Prophylaxis with REGEN-COV is not a substitute for vaccination against COVID-19. FDA has authorized three vaccines to prevent COVID-19 and serious clinical outcomes caused by COVID-19, including hospitalization and death.

• #25 FDA authorizes REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19 | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-authorizes-regen-cov-monoclonal-antibody-therapy-post-exposure-prophylaxis-prevention-covid-19

  REGEN-COV may only be used as post-exposure prophylaxis for adults and pediatric individuals (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who are: at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, and not fully vaccinated or who are not expected to mount an adequate immune response to complete SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. […] People should talk to their health care provider about whether the use of REGEN-COV for post-exposure prophylaxis is appropriate for them. […] The primary data supporting the EUA reissuance for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 are from a Phase 3 trial. […] The authorized dose for REGEN-COV for both treatment and as post-exposure prophylaxis is 600 mg of casirivimab and 600 mg of imdevimab administered together. […] For post-exposure prophylaxis, either intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection is appropriate.

• #26 FDA authorizes REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19 | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-authorizes-regen-cov-monoclonal-antibody-therapy-post-exposure-prophylaxis-prevention-covid-19

  FDA authorizes REGEN-COV monoclonal antibody therapy for post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19. […] Prophylaxis with REGEN-COV is not a substitute for vaccination against COVID-19. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today revised the emergency use authorization (EUA) for REGEN-COV (casirivimab and imdevimab, administered together) authorizing REGEN-COV for emergency use as post-exposure prophylaxis (prevention) for COVID-19 in adults and pediatric individuals (12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg) who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death. […] REGEN-COV is not authorized for pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent COVID-19 before being exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus — only after exposure to the virus. […] Prophylaxis with REGEN-COV is not a substitute for vaccination against COVID-19. FDA has authorized three vaccines to prevent COVID-19 and serious clinical outcomes caused by COVID-19, including hospitalization and death.

• #27 Potential Prophylactic Treatments for COVID-19

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8310088/

  The World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020 and a pandemic two months later. […] Hence, additional countermeasures are needed, particularly pharmaceutical drugs that are widely accessible, safe, scalable, and affordable. In this comprehensive review, we target the prophylactic arena, focusing on small-molecule candidates. […] Prophylactic treatment for infectious diseases involves drug administration as early as possible and is generally given to healthy individuals. Prophylaxis can be given before (pre-exposure) or after (post-exposure) encountering the pathogen, but prior to symptoms onset. […] This work will review the current knowledge on COVID-19 prophylactics. […] The drugs described below are currently being tested in clinical trials as COVID-19 prophylactics or as therapeutics with potential prophylactic applications.

• #28 Potential Prophylactic Treatments for COVID-19

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8310088/

  The candidate SARS-CoV-2 prophylactic drugs currently in clinical trials include Favipiravir, Ivermectin, Interferons, Nitazoxanide, and others. […] Prophylactic ivermectin treatment of healthcare workers in India was associated with a 73% reduction in COVID-19 infection rates. […] Prophylactic IFN treatments are being assessed in ongoing clinical trials. […] If those studies yield positive results, and the drug proves effective in adult patients, it will lay the foundation for more extensive studies to assess its prophylactic efficacy in COVID-19 patients, particularly in elderly populations at risk of complications and mortality, with emphasis on post-exposure prophylactic administration. […] In summary, clinically approved drugs with well-established and favorable safety profiles repurposed as a COVID-19 prophylaxis should be considered for at-risk individuals, as well as first responders and medical teams.

• #29 Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8073806/

  To determine and compare the effects of drug prophylaxis on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). […] The second iteration of this living NMA includes 32 randomised trials which enrolled 25147 participants and addressed 21 different prophylactic drugs; adding 21 trials (66%), 18162 participants (75%) and 16 (76%) prophylactic drugs. Of the 16 prophylactic drugs analysed, none provided convincing evidence of a reduction in the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Much of the evidence remains very low certainty and we therefore anticipate future studies evaluating drugs for prophylaxis may change the results for SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and mortality outcomes. Both hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse effects.

• #30 Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8073806/

  This living systematic review and network meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for prophylaxis against covid-19 up to 4 March 2022 and directly informs WHO living guidelines on drugs to prevent covid-19. […] The second iteration of this living network meta-analysis includes evidence evaluating 16 different prophylactic drugs; of which, none provided convincing evidence of a reduction in the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] Prophylactic drugs which probably increase adverse effects include hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc (moderate certainty evidence). […] However, both hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse effects.

• #31 Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n949

  Objective To determine and compare the effects of drug prophylaxis on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). […] The second iteration of this living NMA includes 32 randomised trials which enrolled 25147 participants and addressed 21 different prophylactic drugs; adding 21 trials (66%), 18162 participants (75%) and 16 (76%) prophylactic drugs. Of the 16 prophylactic drugs analysed, none provided convincing evidence of a reduction in the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. For admission to hospital and mortality outcomes, no prophylactic drug proved different than standard care or placebo. Hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase the risk of adverse effects leading to drug discontinuationrisk difference for hydroxychloroquine (RD) 6 more per 1000 (95% credible interval (CrI) 2 more to 10 more); for vitamin C combined with zinc, RD 69 more per 1000 (47 more to 90 more), moderate certainty evidence.

• #32 Prophylaxis against covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n949

  Much of the evidence remains very low certainty and we therefore anticipate future studies evaluating drugs for prophylaxis may change the results for SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and mortality outcomes. Both hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc probably increase adverse effects. […] This living systematic review and network meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for prophylaxis against covid-19 up to 4 March 2022 and directly informs WHO living guidelines on drugs to prevent covid-19. The second iteration of this living network meta-analysis includes evidence evaluating 16 different prophylactic drugs; of which, none provided convincing evidence of a reduction in the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cilgavimab combined with tixagevimab, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral, may reduce the risk of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, but certainty was low. Study results addressing admission to hospital and mortality provide no evidence to at least moderate certainty evidencenone of which supports any benefit. Prophylactic drugs which probably increase adverse effects include hydroxychloroquine and vitamin C combined with zinc (moderate certainty evidence).

• #33 COVID-19 Infection Prevention in Health Care Settings | Washington State Department of Health

  https://doh.wa.gov/emergencies/covid-19/health-care-providers/infection-prevention

  The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) developed this webpage to provide infection prevention and control resources to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare facilities, including acute care hospitals, long-term, residential care facilities, and other settings where healthcare is being administered. […] Healthcare settings, including skilled nursing facilities, should follow CDC COVID-19 Infection Prevention in Healthcare Settings and CDC COVID-19 Guidance for Managing Healthcare Personnel with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Exposure to SARS-CoV-2. […] DOH encourages residential care settings (such as adult family homes, assisted living facilities, supported living, and enhanced services facilities) to follow the DOH guidance for what to do if someone has COVID-19 or another respiratory virus.

• #34 COVID-19: General approach to infection prevention in the health care setting – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/covid-19-general-approach-to-infection-prevention-in-the-health-care-setting

  COVID-19: General approach to infection prevention in the health care setting […] Infection prevention interventions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 include universal source control (eg, covering the nose and mouth to contain respiratory secretions), early identification and isolation of patients with suspected disease, vaccination, quarantine after exposure, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and environmental disinfection. […] This topic will review general infection prevention principles when caring for patients in areas with community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

• #35 COVID-19: General approach to infection prevention in the health care setting – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/covid-19-general-approach-to-infection-prevention-in-the-health-care-setting

  COVID-19: General approach to infection prevention in the health care setting […] Infection prevention interventions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 include universal source control (eg, covering the nose and mouth to contain respiratory secretions), early identification and isolation of patients with suspected disease, vaccination, quarantine after exposure, the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and environmental disinfection. […] This topic will review general infection prevention principles when caring for patients in areas with community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

• #36 Summary of WHO infection prevention and control guideline for covid-19: striving for evidence based practice in infection prevention and control | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q645

  The World Health Organization (WHO) published the seventh version of the infection prevention and control guideline for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in December 2023. […] In the healthcare facility, WHO recommends consistent application of standard and transmission based precautions to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. […] In community settings, WHO recommends mitigation measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and its impact. […] The guideline is organised into two sections: one for HCFs and another for community settings. The healthcare section consists of 12 recommendations and 12 good practice statements. These statements cover topics ranging from basic principles of IPC to engineering and administrative controls to the use of PPE. The community section consists of seven recommendations and eight good practice statements covering topics such as mask use, care for people at home, and cleaning and disinfection in the home.

• #37 Summary of WHO infection prevention and control guideline for covid-19: striving for evidence based practice in infection prevention and control | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q645

  To prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the HCF and to minimise spread in the broader community, IPC measures need to be consistently implemented. […] The guideline emphasises the importance of the appropriate selection and use of PPE, particularly during aerosol generating procedures. […] Recommendations on mask use include a strong recommendation for situations where there is an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, such as in crowded, enclosed, or poorly ventilated spaces. […] The guideline also advises against the use of gloves by the general public for routine activities, and provides public health guidance for cleaning, waste management, and laundry. […] Prompt identification and recognition of covid-19 signs and symptoms and the immediate isolation of suspected or confirmed cases within HCFs are critical for preventing further transmission. Standard and transmission based precautions are applied based on a risk assessment when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed covid-19. […] Specialised settings that might require a tailored approach in the implementation of IPC measures are dealt with in the guideline, including home care settings, long term care facilities and other specific activities such as vaccination administration.

• #38 Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings – sixth update

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-and-preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings

  Healthcare facilities, including long-term care facilities (LTCFs), should apply several types of measures to minimise the risk of transmission of COVID-19. […] The mainstays of infection prevention and control (IPC) in all healthcare facilities are administrative measures, physical distancing, hand hygiene and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). […] In areas with community transmission of COVID-19, staff, visitors and patients should apply physical distancing, hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene, and wear face masks when physical distancing is not possible. […] Healthcare facilities should ensure that PPE is available and appropriately used to safeguard those providing patient and resident care. […] Gloves and gowns are recommended when there is a risk of exposure to body fluids and in settings in which contamination is presumed to be high, such as where aerosol-generating procedures are performed.

• #39 Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings – sixth update

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-and-preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings

  Due to the large impact of COVID-19 in LTCFs, it is essential that national measures are prioritised in these facilities to shield residents and prevent outbreaks. […] Vaccination against COVID-19 protects in varying degrees against symptomatic infection, and recent evidence also suggests varying efficacy of the vaccines in protecting against asymptomatic infection. […] As long as there is community transmission of COVID-19, it is prudent for the current guidance on self-isolation in the event of COVID-19 symptoms or proven COVID-19 and on quarantine in the event of contact with a COVID-19 case without recommended PPE to also apply to vaccinated healthcare workers.

• #40 Infection prevention and control in aged care | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/topics/aged-care/managing-respiratory-infection/infection-prevention-and-control-in-aged-care

  Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for the safety and wellbeing of older people accessing aged care. It helps prevent the spread of common infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, and gastroenteritis. […] COVID-19 infection prevention and control training modules are available on the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission online learning platform – Aged Care Learning Information Solution (Alis). […] Preventing infections through effective IPC measures can reduce AMR, such as: regular vaccination against infectious disease, good hand hygiene practices, proper cleaning measures. […] Training will strengthen IPC knowledge, helping you and your workers prevent and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.

• #41 Archived COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards – Fact Sheets, Model Written Program and Other Resources

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/coronavirus/ETS.html

  With the exception of subsection 3205(j), the COVID-19 Prevention regulations (8 CCR sections 3205, 3205.1, 3205.2, and 3205.3) will remain in effect until February 3, 2025. […] If an employer identifies COVID-19 as a workplace hazard at their place of employment, then the employer must identify, evaluate, and correct any unsafe or unhealthy conditions, work practices, or work procedures that are associated with COVID-19. […] It requires that the employer keep a record of and track all COVID-19 cases with the employee’s name, contact information, occupation, location where the employee worked, the date of the last day at the workplace, and the date of the positive COVID-19 test and/or COVID-19 diagnosis. […] California approved Cal/OSHA emergency temporary standards on COVID-19 infection prevention starting in November 2020. […] These temporary standards apply to most workers in California not covered by Cal/OSHAs Aerosol Transmissible Diseases standard.

• #42 California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 3205. COVID-19 Prevention.

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/3205.html

  This section applies to all employees and places of employment, with the following exceptions: (A) Work locations with one employee who does not have contact with other persons. (B) Employees working from home. (C) Employees with occupational exposure as defined by section 5199, when covered by that section. (D) Employees teleworking from a location of the employee’s choice, which is not under the control of the employer. […] COVID-19 is a workplace hazard and shall be addressed under section 3203, which requires employers to establish, implement, and maintain an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program. The employer’s COVID-19 procedures shall either be addressed in the written Injury and Illness Prevention Program or maintained in a separate document. […] When determining measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission and to identify and correct COVID-19 hazards, employers shall consider all persons to be potentially infectious, regardless of symptoms, vaccination status, or negative COVID-19 test results.

• #43 California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 3205. COVID-19 Prevention.

  https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/3205.html

  COVID-19 prevention controls include remote work, physical distancing, reducing the density of people indoors, moving indoor tasks outdoors, implementing separate shifts and/or break times, restricting access to the work area, and other prevention measures, in addition to the requirements of this section. […] Employers shall have effective methods and/or procedures for responding to a COVID-19 case at the workplace, including the following: (A) Employers shall immediately exclude from the workplace all COVID-19 cases and employees excluded under section 3205.1. […] Employers shall review current CDPH guidance for persons who had close contacts, including any guidance regarding quarantine or other measures to reduce transmission. Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain effective policies to prevent transmission of COVID-19 by persons who had close contacts.

• #44 Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/coronavirus/safework

  Multi-layered controls tailored to your workplace are especially important for those workers who are unvaccinated or otherwise at-risk. Many employers have established COVID-19 prevention programs that include a number of important steps to keep unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers safe. These COVID-19 prevention programs include measures such as telework and flexible schedules, engineering controls (especially ventilation), administrative policies (e.g., vaccination policies), PPE, face coverings, physical distancing, and enhanced cleaning programs with a focus on high-touch surfaces. […] COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective at keeping you from getting COVID-19. If you are not yet fully vaccinated or are otherwise at risk, optimum protection is provided by using multiple layers of interventions that prevent exposure and infection.

• #45 Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/coronavirus/safework

  OSHA emphasizes that vaccination is the most effective way to protect against severe illness or death from COVID-19. OSHA strongly encourages employers to provide paid time off to workers for the time it takes for them to get vaccinated and recover from any side effects. Employers should also consider working with local public health authorities to provide vaccinations for unvaccinated workers in the workplace. Finally, OSHA suggests that employers consider adopting policies that require workers to get vaccinated or to undergo regular COVID-19 testing – in addition to mask wearing and physical distancing – if they remain unvaccinated. […] Vaccination is the key element in a multi-layered approach to protect workers. Learn about and take advantage of opportunities that your employer may provide to take time off to get vaccinated. Vaccines authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are highly effective at protecting vaccinated people against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 illness and death.

• #46 Protecting Workers: Guidance on Mitigating and Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in the Workplace | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/coronavirus/safework

  Employers should engage with workers and their representatives to determine how to implement multi-layered interventions to protect unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers and mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including: Facilitate employees getting vaccinated. Employers should grant paid time off for employees to get vaccinated and recover from any side effects. […] Employers should provide face coverings to workers who request them at no cost (and make replacements available to workers when they request them). […] Employers should maintain ventilation systems. The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads between people more readily indoors than outdoors. Improving ventilation is a key engineering control that can be used as part of a layered strategy to reduce the concentration of viral particles in indoor air and the risk of virus transmission to unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers in particular. […] In these types of higher-risk workplaces – which include manufacturing; meat, seafood, and poultry processing; high-volume retail and grocery; and agricultural processing settings – this Appendix provides best practices to protect unvaccinated and otherwise at-risk workers.

• #47 COVID-19 Information for UC San Diego

  https://returntolearn.ucsd.edu/

  According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that can be very contagious and can spread quickly. […] If you test positive for COVID-19 please follow the guidelines recommended by the CDC to Prevent the Spread of Respiratory Viruses when your are sick and find out about your options as a UC Campus employee by visiting the Sick Leave/Bereavement page. […] Preventing Spread of Respiratory Viruses When Youre Sick: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/prevention/precautions-when-sick.html

• #48 RESPIRATORY ILLNESS RESOURCES | UW Environmental Health & Safety

  https://www.ehs.washington.edu/respiratory-illness/respiratory-illness-resources

  If you are experiencing respiratory illness symptoms, were exposed to someone with COVID-19, or test positive for COVID-19, follow the steps in the UW Public Health Flowchart for COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Symptoms. […] Follow the steps in the UW Public Health Flowchart if you have symptoms of COVID-19 or another respiratory illness. […] Follow the steps in the UW Public Health Flowchart if you were exposed to someone with COVID-19. […] Follow the steps in the UW Public Health Flowchart if you tested positive for COVID-19. […] Refer to the COVID-19 Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol for COVID-19 prevention requirements. […] Being up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccination is strongly encouraged for all UW personnel and students. […] University of Washingtons (UW) Respiratory Illness Health and Safety Plan is intended to reduce the potential for COVID-19 and other respiratory virus transmission at University locations and to align with federal, state and local workplace safety requirements and public health guidance.

• #49 RESPIRATORY ILLNESS RESOURCES | UW Environmental Health & Safety

  https://www.ehs.washington.edu/respiratory-illness/respiratory-illness-resources

  Review the elements of the plan for preventing and responding to respiratory illnesses, including vaccination, procedures for sick individuals, reporting work-related illness, cleaning surfaces, face coverings, personal protective equipment (PPE), risk reduction strategies, and training. […] UW Environmental Health Safety (EHS) maintains COVID-19 prevention policies, guidance, and resources for the UW community on this page.

• #50 Top COVID probe urges bold overhaul of pandemic prevention measures  | UN News

  https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/05/1091802

  Healthworkers and frontliners in Gorkha District in north-central Nepal receive their second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. […] The tools are available to put an end to the severe illnesses, deaths, and socio-economic damage caused by COVID-19, said panel co-chair Helen Clark, former Prime Minister of New Zealand, insisting that leaders have no choice but to act to stop such a catastrophe happening again. […] Among its recommendations and after highlighting how the coronavirus crisis continues to devastate communities – the panel urged Heads of State to take the lead in supporting proven public health measures to curb the pandemic and implement reforms to prevent a future outbreak from spreading globally. […] The panel also advised high-income countries with adequate vaccine supply to commit to provide at least one billion doses to the 92 low and middle-income countries in the UN-led equitable vaccine scheme, COVAX, by September 2021.

• #51 Top COVID probe urges bold overhaul of pandemic prevention measures  | UN News

  https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/05/1091802

  Quicker action would have helped to prevent the global health, social, and economic catastrophe that continues its grip, the panel noted, adding that the system as it stands now is clearly unfit to prevent another novel and highly infectious pathogen, which could emerge at any time, from developing into a pandemic. […] COVID-19 vaccinations are key to overcoming the pandemic.

• #52 WASH Programme contribution to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and response | UNICEF

  https://www.unicef.org/documents/wash-programme-contribution-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-prevention-and-response

  WASH Programme contribution to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention and response […] UNICEF’s water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) scope of work in the COVID-19 response is to support affected, at-risk, low-capacity and fragile countries to secure WASH services and infection prevention control in health facilities, and sustain availability and access to WASH services in schools, households and community settings. This technical document outlines the overarching strategy and tactics for implementing the WASH response. […] Vaccines can prevent disease outbreaks now and in the future […] When a country comes together, every child can get a chance at a healthy life.

• #53 Society guideline links: COVID-19 – General guidelines for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/society-guideline-links-covid-19-general-guidelines-for-pre-and-post-exposure-prophylaxis

  Society guideline links: COVID-19 – General guidelines for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis […] International […] ●World Health Organization (WHO): Drugs to prevent COVID-19 – Living guideline (2023) […] United States […] ●Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA): Guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19 (2021, updated 2024)

• #54 Effects of COVID-19 prevention procedures on other common infections: a systematic review | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-021-00539-1

  Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) began, necessary measures to prevent virus transmission and reduce mortality have been implemented, including mandatory public use of masks, regular hand-sanitizing and hand-washing, social distancing, avoidance of crowds, remote work, and cancellation of public events. […] The findings showed that the adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19 could help to reduce the incidence of other infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. […] The implemented prevention measures and protocols might have reduced the incidence of influenza and some other common respiratory infections. […] The present study results showed that adherence to the COVID-19 preventive measures and protocols could be protective and reduce the incidence of some other respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

• #55 Effects of COVID-19 prevention procedures on other common infections: a systematic review | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-021-00539-1

  Most of the studies suggested that the implemented preventive COVID-19 protocols have controlled and reduced the outbreaks of influenza and several other respiratory infectious diseases. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevention measures on other respiratory infections could be attributed to an increase in positive testing, reduction in the patients with these infectious diseases, or in some cases, it might be due to the increased mortality of these diseases. However, the overall findings indicate the positive effect of COVID-19 preventive measures on controlling the seasonal endemics of other respiratory diseases; even though controversies still exist, and further studies are needed to clarify the exact impact of the COVID-19 on other respiratory infections.

• #56 COVID-19: Spread, prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks.html

  COVID-19 can spread in different ways. Most of the time, it spreads when people are in close contact with others who are infected with the virus. You can transmit COVID-19 even before showing symptoms or without developing symptoms. […] Vaccination is one of the most important ways to protect yourself from developing serious complications from COVID-19. It’s important to stay up to date with your vaccinations. Evidence shows that the COVID-19 vaccines used in Canada are very effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death from COVID-19. […] In addition to vaccination, use personal protective measures to help protect yourself and others. […] Personal protective measures are effective actions you can use every day to help reduce the risk of getting or spreading COVID-19. It’s best to use multiple personal protective measures at the same time.

• #57 COVID-19: Spread, prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/prevention-risks.html

  Stay home and limit contact with others when you’re sick, even if your symptoms are mild. […] Wear a well-constructed, well-fitting mask when appropriate. […] Improve indoor ventilation when possible. […] Practising hand hygiene by: washing your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol. […] Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow. […] Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces and objects. […] If you’re at higher risk, it’s even more important that you reduce your risk of getting the virus. This means you should receive recommended vaccines and use personal protective measures in higher-risk settings. […] While abroad, protect your health and the health of others by: limiting contact with others if you become sick, wearing a well-constructed and well-fitting mask, especially if you’re sick, cleaning your hands regularly by washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol, covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands.

• #58 COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/covid-19/index.htm

  COVID-19 spreads easily from person to person when someone who is sick breathes out droplets and very small particles with the virus. […] The Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) recommends the following prevention strategies to prevent COVID-19 infection. […] Stay up to date on COVID-19 vaccines. […] Get tested for COVID-19 if you have symptoms or were exposed to someone with COVID-19. […] Stay home if you have COVID-19 or COVID-19 symptoms. […] Seek treatment if you have COVID-19 and are at risk of getting very sick. […] Wear a well-fitting mask when recommended. […] With widespread access to vaccines, testing, and treatment options, we have more tools than ever before to prevent severe disease.

• #59 COVID-19 Illness and Exposure Guidance | UW Environmental Health & Safety

  https://www.ehs.washington.edu/covid-19-prevention-and-response/covid-19-illness-and-exposure-guidance

  If you are experiencing respiratory illness symptoms, were exposed to someone with COVID-19, or test positive for COVID-19, follow the steps in the UW Public Health Flowchart for COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Symptoms. […] Consider taking precautions to protect those around you, such as wearing a well-fitting mask or respirator when around others at home and in public for the next 5 days. […] Stay home and away from others. Do not go to work or class. […] Wear a well-fitting mask or respirator if you must leave home for treatment or testing. […] Follow CDC guidance to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses. […] When resuming normal activities, take added precautions for the next 5 days such as: Wear a face covering around others to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses. Masks can be picked up for free at various campus locations.

• #60 IDSA Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/

  Pemivibart: A new recommendation was developed suggesting the use of pemivibart as pre-exposure prophylaxis in moderately or severely immunocompromised individuals at risk for progression to severe COVID-19 when predominant regional variants are susceptible to the agent. […] In persons exposed to COVID-19, the IDSA guideline panel recommends against hydroxychloroquine. (Strong recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence) […] In persons exposed to COVID-19, the IDSA guideline panel recommends against post-exposure prophylaxis with lopinavir/ritonavir. (Strong recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence) […] Among hospitalized critically ill patients with COVID-19, the IDSA guideline panel recommends dexamethasone rather than no dexamethasone. (Strong recommendation, Moderate certainty of evidence)

• #61 COVID-19 | Department of Health

  https://coronavirus.health.ny.gov/home

  Get Vaccinated Get Tested TOP COVID-19 […] If you are experiencing symptoms or were exposed, get tested. […] If you test positive, stay home and talk to your healthcare provider about treatment. […] CDC has recommendations for how people can protect themselves and their communities from respiratory viruses, including COVID-19. […] New Yorkers who test positive for COVID-19 and are at high risk of severe outcomes can seek treatments that help prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death. […] Everyone 6 months of age and older are eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines are widely available at pharmacies, doctors offices, local health departments, clinics, and Federally Qualified Health Centers. […] The COVID-19 vaccine is safe, effective and will help protect babies, toddlers, and children 6 months of age and older. […] Follow these safety measures to protect yourself and your family.

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