Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #2 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #3 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #4 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] The human parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats, so you can’t get the infection from a pet or vice versa. […] Parvovirus infection can also spread through blood. An infected pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby.

• #5 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #6 Erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek syndrome, or fifth disease

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169853

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by the parvovirus B19. […] It is sometimes called slapped cheek syndrome, because the rash makes the cheeks red. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded virus that targets red cells in the bone marrow. […] The virus spreads between humans through the air, saliva, or as a result of close contact. […] There are dog and cat versions of the virus, called canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus, but parvovirus B19 only infects humans. […] Once the rash appears, the person is no longer contagious. […] Although parvovirus mostly infects elementary-aged schoolchildren during the winter and spring months, people of any age may be affected.

• #7 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #8 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #9 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #10 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #11 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #12 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #13 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a childhood condition that appears as a bright red rash on your childs cheeks. Its nicknamed slapped cheek disease because of this rash. A virus called parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This virus is common and very contagious. Infected people can spread it through coughing or sneezing. […] Human parvovirus, also called parvovirus B19, causes fifth disease. This is different from the parvovirus that affects dogs and cats. Fifth disease (a red rash) typically appears four to 14 days after your child is infected with parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus B19 is very contagious. It mainly spreads through respiratory droplets in your mouth and nose. If an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes near your child, your child could become infected with the virus. […] However, fifth disease the red rash caused by parvovirus B19 isnt contagious. In fact, once a person infected with parvovirus B19 gets the red rash, theyre no longer contagious (they cant spread parvovirus B19 to other people).

• #14 Slapped cheek syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. This is found in the droplets in the coughs and sneezes of someone with the infection. […] Someone with slapped cheek syndrome is infectious during the period before the rash develops. Once the rash appears, the condition can no longer be passed on.

• #15 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. The virus spreads to other people, surfaces or objects by coughing or sneezing near them. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome. Most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #16 UC San Diego Health Health Library | San Diego Hospital, Healthcare

  https://myhealth.ucsd.edu/coronavirus/90,P01900

  Fifth disease is caused by a virus called human parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is spread from one child to another through direct contact with fluid from the nose and throat. It can also be spread through contact with infected blood.

• #17 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #18 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] The human parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats, so you can’t get the infection from a pet or vice versa. […] Parvovirus infection can also spread through blood. An infected pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby.

• #19 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #20 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] The human parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats, so you can’t get the infection from a pet or vice versa. […] Parvovirus infection can also spread through blood. An infected pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby.

• #21 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). […] The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #22 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  However, complications can still occur in both the fetus and mother. […] Other notable complications caused by infection from parvovirus B19 can include gloves and sock syndrome. […] Fifth disease is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets such as sneezing, coughing, etc.; by direct contact through the saliva or mucus, but can also be spread by contact with infected blood either directly or through blood transfusions. […] The incubation period is usually between 4 and 21 days. […] The most common manifestation of Fifth Disease is marked by a red, „slapped cheek” look on the face and a lace-like rash on the body and limbs. […] The „slapped cheek” appearance of the rash can be suggestive of fifth disease. […] Fifth disease can also be known as „slapped cheek disease” due to the red rash that spreads on the cheeks after several days of infection with parvovirus B19.

• #23 Slapped cheek disease | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is caused by a human virus called parvovirus B19. The virus is passed on by an infected person, mainly through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms start from 420 days after you are infected with the virus. […] Very rarely, unborn babies can be infected through their mothers blood during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. This creates a small risk of miscarriage or your baby getting a type of anaemia (low iron levels in the blood). […] Slapped cheek disease can have serious complications for people with reduced immunity, eg, people undergoing chemotherapy or who have HIV/AIDS or blood disorders. Complications include bone marrow failure and a sudden inability to produce blood cells (aplastic crisis). These conditions are serious and need urgent medical attention. […] In a very small number of cases, infection with the disease results in serious anaemia and miscarriage for babies whose mothers catch slapped cheek disease during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #24 Slapped cheek syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. This is found in the droplets in the coughs and sneezes of someone with the infection. […] Someone with slapped cheek syndrome is infectious during the period before the rash develops. Once the rash appears, the condition can no longer be passed on.

• #25 Fifth Disease (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fifth.html

  Fifth disease (also called erythema infectiosum) is caused by parvovirus B19. […] The virus spreads in droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or touches a surface. […] It is most contagious before the rash appears, when the symptoms seem like that of a common cold. […] By the time the rash appears, the body has already been fighting the infection for a while and the persons not contagious anymore. […] Kids usually don’t spread the infection once they have the rash.

• #26 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a childhood condition that appears as a bright red rash on your childs cheeks. Its nicknamed slapped cheek disease because of this rash. A virus called parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This virus is common and very contagious. Infected people can spread it through coughing or sneezing. […] Human parvovirus, also called parvovirus B19, causes fifth disease. This is different from the parvovirus that affects dogs and cats. Fifth disease (a red rash) typically appears four to 14 days after your child is infected with parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus B19 is very contagious. It mainly spreads through respiratory droplets in your mouth and nose. If an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes near your child, your child could become infected with the virus. […] However, fifth disease the red rash caused by parvovirus B19 isnt contagious. In fact, once a person infected with parvovirus B19 gets the red rash, theyre no longer contagious (they cant spread parvovirus B19 to other people).

• #27 ​Virus Causes

  https://www.kelsey-seybold.com/your-health-resources/blog/virus-causes-slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Virus Causes Slapped Cheek Syndrome […] Chances are, this “slapped cheek” appearance is due to Fifth Disease, which is so named because it was the fifth disorder in the classification scheme of childhood rashes at the time it was identified. Also known as “Erythema Infectiosum,” Fifth Disease is caused by human parvovirus B-19 (not the parvovirus that causes disease in cats and dogs). […] The disease is usually not contagious after the rash is visible. […] The biggest danger is that infection in a pregnant mom can cause damage to the fetus, so pregnant women should stay clear of children with a “slapped cheek” appearance or kids who are suspected of having Fifth Disease.

• #28 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #29 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). […] The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #30 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. The virus spreads to other people, surfaces or objects by coughing or sneezing near them. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome. Most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #31 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which only infects humans. […] Infection by parvovirus B19 can lead to multiple clinical manifestations, but the most common is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 is the only virus within the Parvoviridae family to cause disease in humans, especially in children. […] The most common disease derived from parvovirus B19 is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 will start replicating from anywhere for four to eighteen days. […] Certain populations are at a higher risk if they have more dividing cells or a weakened immune system than the typical person. […] About 1-5% of pregnant women can become infected.

• #32 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The clinical manifestations of EI have been recognized for decades, being the Fifth exanthem of childhood described. However, it was not until the early 1980s that human parvovirus B19 was found to be the definitive etiologic agent of EI. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that has a predilection for infecting rapidly dividing cell lines, such as bone marrow erythroid pregenitor cells. […] The pathogenesis of infection corresponds to the clinical stages of EI. The incubation period of the virus is 4-14 days, after which viremia occurs and causes progenitor cell depletion in the bone marrow. […] It is during the first stage, which corresponds to the period of viremia, that transmission of the virus can occur. Thus, persons are contagious prior to the development of the rash.

• #33 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The clinical manifestations of EI have been recognized for decades, being the Fifth exanthem of childhood described. However, it was not until the early 1980s that human parvovirus B19 was found to be the definitive etiologic agent of EI. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that has a predilection for infecting rapidly dividing cell lines, such as bone marrow erythroid pregenitor cells. […] The pathogenesis of infection corresponds to the clinical stages of EI. The incubation period of the virus is 4-14 days, after which viremia occurs and causes progenitor cell depletion in the bone marrow. […] It is during the first stage, which corresponds to the period of viremia, that transmission of the virus can occur. Thus, persons are contagious prior to the development of the rash.

• #34 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #35 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #36 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #37 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #38 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #39 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #40 Fifth Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fifth-disease-7553036

  Fifth disease occurs following exposure to parvovirus B19. […] The parvovirus B19 infection causes fifth disease. It is an airborne virus that can spread easily through respiratory secretions (salvia, sputum, and nasal mucus), which makes it common among elementary school students. […] A pregnant person can pass the virus to their fetus. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most cases of parvovirus B19 in the United States occur in the late winter, spring, and early summer. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause severe disease in immunocompromised adults. The virus can lead to acute, severe, or chronic anemia for this group. […] While rare, a pregnant person who has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia, sometimes leading to a miscarriage (loss of pregnancy before the 20th week). […] The time between exposure to parvovirus B19 and the start of the illness is the most contagious period, which is four to 12 days.

• #41 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #42 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] The virus is spread through contact with infected respiratory secretions, such as through coughing and sneezing. It may also be passed from mother to unborn baby. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts.

• #43 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #44 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Parvovirus B19 infection usually causes no symptoms or mild illness, such as flu-like symptoms, rashes and joint pains. […] The clinical presentation most often associated with parvovirus B19 infection is a red rash on the face, also called a „slapped cheek” rash. This is also known as Fifth Disease (or Erythema Infectiosum). […] Parvovirus B19 has been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] If you get a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, the virus could spread to the baby. This is not common but could cause a miscarriage.

• #45 Parvovirus infection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parvovirus-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20376085

  Parvovirus infection is a common and highly contagious childhood illness. It’s sometimes called slapped-cheek disease because of the distinctive face rash that develops. […] The human parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats, so you can’t get the infection from a pet or vice versa. […] Parvovirus infection can also spread through blood. An infected pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby.

• #46 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #47 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #48 Fifth Disease: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is also known as the slapped cheek disease. […] Parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This airborne virus tends to spread through saliva and respiratory secretions among children who are in elementary school. […] If you get fifth disease while pregnant, there are serious risks for your unborn baby, including life-threatening anemia. […] In rare cases, a fetus whose mother has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia. This condition makes it difficult for the developing fetus to make red blood cells (RBCs), and it could lead to miscarriage. […] Fifth disease can stop your body from producing RBCs, which can reduce the amount of oxygen that your tissue gets. This is especially likely in people with sickle cell anemia. […] It can be dangerous if you develop the condition during pregnancy. Fifth disease can harm your developing fetus if they develop a severe form of anemia called hemolytic anemia.

• #49 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #50 Slapped cheek disease | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is caused by a human virus called parvovirus B19. The virus is passed on by an infected person, mainly through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms start from 420 days after you are infected with the virus. […] Very rarely, unborn babies can be infected through their mothers blood during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. This creates a small risk of miscarriage or your baby getting a type of anaemia (low iron levels in the blood). […] Slapped cheek disease can have serious complications for people with reduced immunity, eg, people undergoing chemotherapy or who have HIV/AIDS or blood disorders. Complications include bone marrow failure and a sudden inability to produce blood cells (aplastic crisis). These conditions are serious and need urgent medical attention. […] In a very small number of cases, infection with the disease results in serious anaemia and miscarriage for babies whose mothers catch slapped cheek disease during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #51 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #52 Slapped Cheek Disease

  https://www.careplus.ie/symptoms/254-slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is sometimes called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. It is an infection caused by the parvovirus B19 virus. […] It is contagious. The contagious period is 4-20 days before the rash appears. By the time the rash develops, it is usually no longer infectious. […] It is extremely important to tell your midwife or a GP if you’re pregnant and have been near someone with slapped cheek disease, as there is a very small risk of miscarriage or other complications. Miscarriage is more common in women who are infected with this virus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] However, the virus that causes slapped cheek disease can sometimes harm an unborn child. […] If you develop a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, and you do not have immunity, there is a 1 in 3 chance that you will pass the infection onto your unborn baby.

• #53 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #54 ​Virus Causes

  https://www.kelsey-seybold.com/your-health-resources/blog/virus-causes-slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Virus Causes Slapped Cheek Syndrome […] Chances are, this “slapped cheek” appearance is due to Fifth Disease, which is so named because it was the fifth disorder in the classification scheme of childhood rashes at the time it was identified. Also known as “Erythema Infectiosum,” Fifth Disease is caused by human parvovirus B-19 (not the parvovirus that causes disease in cats and dogs). […] The disease is usually not contagious after the rash is visible. […] The biggest danger is that infection in a pregnant mom can cause damage to the fetus, so pregnant women should stay clear of children with a “slapped cheek” appearance or kids who are suspected of having Fifth Disease.

• #55 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/children/understanding-fifth-disease-basics

  Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a contagious viral illness caused by parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19. Its usually a mild infection, although very contagious. […] If you are pregnant and have reason to believe that you have or had fifth disease during the pregnancy, or you were exposed to it, speak with your doctor. […] If you get fifth disease while pregnant, there is a slight risk you could lose your baby.

• #56 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #57 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #58 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #59 Slapped Cheek Disease (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/slapped-cheek-disease-leaflet

  Slapped cheek disease is sometimes called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. It is an infection caused by the parvovirus B19 virus. […] Slapped cheek disease can be passed on (it is infectious). The infectious period is for 4-20 days before the rash appears. […] Slapped cheek disease spreads through droplets in the air from the nose and throat when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. […] The only times the illness may become more serious are: In children with some types of hereditary anaemia such as sickle cell disease, beta-thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis. This germ (virus) can cause these types of anaemia to become suddenly much worse. […] Most pregnant women are immune to this germ (virus), or will not be seriously affected if they become infected by it. However, like some other viruses, the virus that causes slapped cheek disease can sometimes harm an unborn child. […] There is no vaccine or treatment that prevents slapped cheek disease.

• #60 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #61 Slapped Cheek Disease (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/slapped-cheek-disease-leaflet

  Slapped cheek disease is sometimes called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. It is an infection caused by the parvovirus B19 virus. […] Slapped cheek disease can be passed on (it is infectious). The infectious period is for 4-20 days before the rash appears. […] Slapped cheek disease spreads through droplets in the air from the nose and throat when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. […] The only times the illness may become more serious are: In children with some types of hereditary anaemia such as sickle cell disease, beta-thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis. This germ (virus) can cause these types of anaemia to become suddenly much worse. […] Most pregnant women are immune to this germ (virus), or will not be seriously affected if they become infected by it. However, like some other viruses, the virus that causes slapped cheek disease can sometimes harm an unborn child. […] There is no vaccine or treatment that prevents slapped cheek disease.

• #62 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common infection, usually presenting as erythema infectiosum in children. […] The most common clinical encounter with parvovirus B19 is as the causative agent of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). […] Parvovirus B19 has an affinity for red cell precursors, so a transient aplastic crisis can be provoked by parvovirus infection in any patient with reduced red cell production or increased red cell loss – eg, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis and iron-deficiency anaemia. […] Identification of parvovirus B19 infection in a pregnant woman is important, as parvovirus infection in the first half of pregnancy may cause intrauterine death and fetal hydrops. […] Maternal asymptomatic parvovirus B19 infection is at least as likely to infect and damage the fetus as symptomatic infection.

• #63 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #64 Slapped cheek disease | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is caused by a human virus called parvovirus B19. The virus is passed on by an infected person, mainly through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms start from 420 days after you are infected with the virus. […] Very rarely, unborn babies can be infected through their mothers blood during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. This creates a small risk of miscarriage or your baby getting a type of anaemia (low iron levels in the blood). […] Slapped cheek disease can have serious complications for people with reduced immunity, eg, people undergoing chemotherapy or who have HIV/AIDS or blood disorders. Complications include bone marrow failure and a sudden inability to produce blood cells (aplastic crisis). These conditions are serious and need urgent medical attention. […] In a very small number of cases, infection with the disease results in serious anaemia and miscarriage for babies whose mothers catch slapped cheek disease during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #65 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #66 Fifth disease (Erythema Infectiosum) | Caring for kids

  https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/health-conditions-and-treatments/fifth_disease

  Fifth disease is caused by a virus known as Parvovirus B19 and tends to spread during the late winter to early spring. […] Because of this, fifth disease is often referred to as slapped cheek disease. […] If a pregnant woman becomes infected, there is a small risk that her unborn child will be infected. […] Fifth disease can be dangerous to people who are receiving chemotherapy.

• #67 Slapped Cheek Disease

  https://www.careplus.ie/symptoms/254-slapped-cheek-disease

  If you have a blood disorder, such as sickle cell anaemia or thalassaemia there’s a risk of severe anaemia. […] If you have a weakened immune system for example, if you have leukaemia or cancer, have had an organ transplant or have HIV infection then you may develop a more serious illness with this infection.

• #68 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #69 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #70 Slapped Cheek Disease

  https://www.careplus.ie/symptoms/254-slapped-cheek-disease

  If you have a blood disorder, such as sickle cell anaemia or thalassaemia there’s a risk of severe anaemia. […] If you have a weakened immune system for example, if you have leukaemia or cancer, have had an organ transplant or have HIV infection then you may develop a more serious illness with this infection.

• #71 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #72 Fifth Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fifth-disease-7553036

  Fifth disease occurs following exposure to parvovirus B19. […] The parvovirus B19 infection causes fifth disease. It is an airborne virus that can spread easily through respiratory secretions (salvia, sputum, and nasal mucus), which makes it common among elementary school students. […] A pregnant person can pass the virus to their fetus. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most cases of parvovirus B19 in the United States occur in the late winter, spring, and early summer. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause severe disease in immunocompromised adults. The virus can lead to acute, severe, or chronic anemia for this group. […] While rare, a pregnant person who has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia, sometimes leading to a miscarriage (loss of pregnancy before the 20th week). […] The time between exposure to parvovirus B19 and the start of the illness is the most contagious period, which is four to 12 days.

• #73 Parvovirus Infection (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/doctor/parvovirus-infection

  Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common infection, usually presenting as erythema infectiosum in children. […] The most common clinical encounter with parvovirus B19 is as the causative agent of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). […] Parvovirus B19 has an affinity for red cell precursors, so a transient aplastic crisis can be provoked by parvovirus infection in any patient with reduced red cell production or increased red cell loss – eg, sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis and iron-deficiency anaemia. […] Identification of parvovirus B19 infection in a pregnant woman is important, as parvovirus infection in the first half of pregnancy may cause intrauterine death and fetal hydrops. […] Maternal asymptomatic parvovirus B19 infection is at least as likely to infect and damage the fetus as symptomatic infection.

• #74 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which only infects humans. […] Infection by parvovirus B19 can lead to multiple clinical manifestations, but the most common is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 is the only virus within the Parvoviridae family to cause disease in humans, especially in children. […] The most common disease derived from parvovirus B19 is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 will start replicating from anywhere for four to eighteen days. […] Certain populations are at a higher risk if they have more dividing cells or a weakened immune system than the typical person. […] About 1-5% of pregnant women can become infected.

• #75 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which only infects humans. […] Infection by parvovirus B19 can lead to multiple clinical manifestations, but the most common is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 is the only virus within the Parvoviridae family to cause disease in humans, especially in children. […] The most common disease derived from parvovirus B19 is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 will start replicating from anywhere for four to eighteen days. […] Certain populations are at a higher risk if they have more dividing cells or a weakened immune system than the typical person. […] About 1-5% of pregnant women can become infected.

• #76 What GPs want you to know about slapped cheek syndrome | GoodtoKnow

  https://www.goodto.com/family/slapped-cheek-syndrome-67705

  Slapped cheek syndrome, or fifth disease, is a relatively minor condition that sounds much worse than it actually is. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) describes slapped cheek syndrome as a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. […] Slapped cheek syndrome has been identified as being caused by a Parvovirus B19 and therefore the disease is contagious. […] Slapped cheek syndrome typically spreads via saliva and mucus and so can be spread in the air when we cough, laugh, and sneeze. […] Yes, you need to take extra precautions if you are pregnant and have been near someone with slapped cheek syndrome. […] This is because if you get the infection for the first time while pregnant it can increase the risk of miscarriage. […] „Parvovirus 19 can sometimes cause a miscarriage or adversely affect the unborn baby,” Dr Sanders warns. […] If you are pregnant and exposed to the virus you should consult your doctor who can take a blood test to find whether you have immunity due to previous infection or take tests to establish whether you have currently been infected.

• #77 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #78 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #79 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #80

  https://step2.medbullets.com/pediatrics/120585/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease

  causes a variety of diseases […] infects red blood cells through the P antigen […] viral replication in bone marrow causes the death of erythroid progenitor cells […] causes hydrops fetalis in fetuses due to severe fetal anemia.

• #81 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #82 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #83 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #84 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Slapped-Cheek-Syndrome.aspx

  Slapped cheek syndrome, also known of as fifth disease and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. The virus interferes with the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow by targeting erythroid progenitor cells located there. The body’s immune response to the virus and not the virus itself causes the characteristic red rash observed across the cheeks of infected individuals. […] The parvovirus B19 is an airborne virus spread in much the same way as the common cold or flu virus. […] The parvovirus B19 is highly contagious and easily spread between individuals, especially those living in close quarters such as at school or in a day care centre living. […] Once an individual has been infected with the virus, immunity to it is acquired and it is rare for a second infection to occur.

• #85 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The clinical manifestations of EI have been recognized for decades, being the Fifth exanthem of childhood described. However, it was not until the early 1980s that human parvovirus B19 was found to be the definitive etiologic agent of EI. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that has a predilection for infecting rapidly dividing cell lines, such as bone marrow erythroid pregenitor cells. […] The pathogenesis of infection corresponds to the clinical stages of EI. The incubation period of the virus is 4-14 days, after which viremia occurs and causes progenitor cell depletion in the bone marrow. […] It is during the first stage, which corresponds to the period of viremia, that transmission of the virus can occur. Thus, persons are contagious prior to the development of the rash.

• #86 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #87 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #88 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #89 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Slapped-Cheek-Syndrome.aspx

  Slapped cheek syndrome, also known of as fifth disease and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. The virus interferes with the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow by targeting erythroid progenitor cells located there. The body’s immune response to the virus and not the virus itself causes the characteristic red rash observed across the cheeks of infected individuals. […] The parvovirus B19 is an airborne virus spread in much the same way as the common cold or flu virus. […] The parvovirus B19 is highly contagious and easily spread between individuals, especially those living in close quarters such as at school or in a day care centre living. […] Once an individual has been infected with the virus, immunity to it is acquired and it is rare for a second infection to occur.

• #90 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #91 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #92 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #93 Fifth Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fifth-disease-7553036

  Fifth disease occurs following exposure to parvovirus B19. […] The parvovirus B19 infection causes fifth disease. It is an airborne virus that can spread easily through respiratory secretions (salvia, sputum, and nasal mucus), which makes it common among elementary school students. […] A pregnant person can pass the virus to their fetus. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most cases of parvovirus B19 in the United States occur in the late winter, spring, and early summer. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause severe disease in immunocompromised adults. The virus can lead to acute, severe, or chronic anemia for this group. […] While rare, a pregnant person who has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia, sometimes leading to a miscarriage (loss of pregnancy before the 20th week). […] The time between exposure to parvovirus B19 and the start of the illness is the most contagious period, which is four to 12 days.

• #94 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #95 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #96 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #97 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #98 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #99 Slapped cheek syndrome​ | HPDP

  http://hpdp.gov.mt/idcu/infectious-diseases/a-to-z-of-infectious-diseases/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped cheek syndrome or Fifth disease is a mild rash illness caused by parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus B19 infection can also cause painful or swollen joints. This is more common in adults. […] Parvovirus is an airborne virus that is spread in much the same way as the cold or flu viruses. […] Parvovirus B19 can spread through blood or blood products. […] Once a person is infected with B19 one develops immunity and this protects from further infection in the future. […] However, Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may cause problems for the fetus. Some fetuses may develop anemia if the mother is infected while pregnant.

• #100 Erythema Infectiousum (Fifth Disease, Slapped Cheek Syndrome) – Dermatology Advisor

  https://www.dermatologyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/dermatology/erythema-infectiousum-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  The appearance of parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies correspond with the clearance of the viremia. […] In the third week after inoculation of the virus, specific IgG antibodies develop in the serum, and this corresponds with the rash of EI and the possible appearance of arthropathy. It is important to remember the the appearance of the rash signifies the clearance of the viremia. Thus, the virus can no longer be transmitted by the time the rash appears. […] Parvovirus B-19, the etiologic agent of EI, has been implicated as a cause of arthropathy, erythrocyte aplasia, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and intrauterine infection.

• #101 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #102 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  However, complications can still occur in both the fetus and mother. […] Other notable complications caused by infection from parvovirus B19 can include gloves and sock syndrome. […] Fifth disease is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets such as sneezing, coughing, etc.; by direct contact through the saliva or mucus, but can also be spread by contact with infected blood either directly or through blood transfusions. […] The incubation period is usually between 4 and 21 days. […] The most common manifestation of Fifth Disease is marked by a red, „slapped cheek” look on the face and a lace-like rash on the body and limbs. […] The „slapped cheek” appearance of the rash can be suggestive of fifth disease. […] Fifth disease can also be known as „slapped cheek disease” due to the red rash that spreads on the cheeks after several days of infection with parvovirus B19.

• #103 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #104 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #105 Fifth Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fifth-disease-7553036

  Fifth disease occurs following exposure to parvovirus B19. […] The parvovirus B19 infection causes fifth disease. It is an airborne virus that can spread easily through respiratory secretions (salvia, sputum, and nasal mucus), which makes it common among elementary school students. […] A pregnant person can pass the virus to their fetus. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most cases of parvovirus B19 in the United States occur in the late winter, spring, and early summer. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause severe disease in immunocompromised adults. The virus can lead to acute, severe, or chronic anemia for this group. […] While rare, a pregnant person who has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia, sometimes leading to a miscarriage (loss of pregnancy before the 20th week). […] The time between exposure to parvovirus B19 and the start of the illness is the most contagious period, which is four to 12 days.

• #106 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #107 Signs Of Slapped Cheek Syndrome To Look For As Virus Peaks

  https://www.hollinswoodpharmacy.co.uk/signs-of-slapped-cheek-syndrome-to-look-for-as-virus-peaks/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is an infection of the human parvovirus B19, which typically affects young children between the ages of four and ten. […] The virus affects more people during the winter, with numbers generally hitting a peak in March. […] Its incubation period can even last up to two weeks before symptoms begin, which makes it hard to control the spreading. […] Consequently, the NHS website says: Its hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears. […] Much like other viruses, it is spread through mucus when someone with the disease sneezes or coughs. It, therefore, can be contracted through touching the person or surfaces. […] Slapped cheek syndrome can also be harmful to pregnant women, as it carries a small risk of miscarriage and other complications. So expectant mothers who have been exposed to the virus should contact their GP or midwife.

• #108 Fifth disease | RIVM

  https://www.rivm.nl/en/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is an infectious disease caused by a virus […] It is caused by a parvovirus B19 infection, and mainly affects children. […] People with severely impaired immunity are also more likely to develop severe illness resulting from a parvovirus B19 infection. […] If a pregnant person has fifth disease for the first time during the first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), there is a higher risk of miscarriage. […] Once a person has had a parvovirus B19 infection, they cannot get fifth disease a second time.

• #109 Slapped Cheek Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

  https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/slapped-cheek-syndrome-causes-symptoms-and-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOorIXSonkY9MdThyfO7F0Tc1dWz51uHp9t5GtFwozhRKxcinnsVE

  Slapped Cheek Syndrome usually happens due to the single-celled Parvovirus B-19 that usually targets the red blood cells in the bone marrow. The virus mainly spreads between humans through the air, saliva, or as a result of close contact and hence the common forms of transmission are through sneezing or coughing, or sometimes due to direct hand-to-hand contact. […] Although the human parvovirus infection is quite common among school-age children during outbreaks in the winter and spring months, but anyone can become ill with it any time of the year.

• #110 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #111 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #112 Bright Red Rash On Cheeks Could Be Slapped Cheek Disease: Here’s What It Is, Cause, Symptoms, Risk Factors, And Treatment Options | OnlyMyHealth

  https://www.onlymyhealth.com/what-is-slapped-cheek-disease-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-and-treatment-12977819597

  Slapped cheek disease, also called the fifth disease, is a contagious viral infection caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. […] According to research published in StatPearls Publishing, parvovirus B19 spreads easily, especially among school-aged children. […] However, when it particularly comes to parvovirus B19-caused slapped cheek disease, or erythema infectiosum, it is a common illness that mostly affects school-aged children between 5 and 15 years old, another study published in the StatPearls Publishing noted. […] Slapped cheek disease is called a fifth disease because it was the fifth viral skin rash known to affect children in a list of six conditions.

• #113 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms and Treatment | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is a mild illness caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is contagious (spread from person to person) in the early stages before symptoms appear. […] The disease occurs most often during the late winter and early spring in children between the ages of 4 and 10. […] Bright red, slapped cheek rash on face. […] Fifth disease may harm an unborn child.

• #114 Slapped cheek syndrome: Everything you need to know about the condition | Pall Mall | Pall Mall

  https://www.pallmallmedical.co.uk/blogs/slapped-cheek-syndrome-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-condition/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is also known as fifth disease and is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19, explains our GP Dr Chun Tang. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is a virus that affects babies and children but is most common between the ages of four and 12. […] Its usually defined by a red rash on childrens cheeks. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is spread in the air when we cough, laugh and sneeze, or by saliva droplets passed in the air when we are in close contact with others. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is also only contagious before the rash appears, so it is often spread before its apparent that a child has it, says Dr Tang. […] Parvovirus B19 is similar to the parvovirus that affects cats and dogs, but it cannot be spread from human to animal or vice versa.

• #115 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #116 Slapped Cheek Syndrome in babies and children: symptoms and treatment | MadeForMums

  https://www.madeformums.com/school-and-family/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. […] The incubation period of slapped cheek disease is 4 to 20 days (generally 4 to 14 days), meaning that you can be exposed to the virus and not develop symptoms until 4 to 20 days later. […] Approximately 5 or 6 out of 10 adults have been exposed to parvovirus and have immunity. […] There is currently no vaccination against the parvovirus which causes slapped cheek syndrome.

• #117 Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease (Parvovirus) factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/slapped-cheek-disease-or-fifth-disease-parvovirus-factsheet

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral disease. […] The virus is transmitted in droplets coughed out by infected children. […] Most adults are immune, having already had the infection when they were children. […] In most children, Fifth disease is a mild, flu-like illness, which gets better on its own in a few days. […] Most people who have had Fifth disease as children cannot get it again.

• #118 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a childhood condition that appears as a bright red rash on your childs cheeks. Its nicknamed slapped cheek disease because of this rash. A virus called parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This virus is common and very contagious. Infected people can spread it through coughing or sneezing. […] Human parvovirus, also called parvovirus B19, causes fifth disease. This is different from the parvovirus that affects dogs and cats. Fifth disease (a red rash) typically appears four to 14 days after your child is infected with parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus B19 is very contagious. It mainly spreads through respiratory droplets in your mouth and nose. If an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes near your child, your child could become infected with the virus. […] However, fifth disease the red rash caused by parvovirus B19 isnt contagious. In fact, once a person infected with parvovirus B19 gets the red rash, theyre no longer contagious (they cant spread parvovirus B19 to other people).

• #119 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] The virus is spread through contact with infected respiratory secretions, such as through coughing and sneezing. It may also be passed from mother to unborn baby. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts.

• #120 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] The virus is spread through contact with infected respiratory secretions, such as through coughing and sneezing. It may also be passed from mother to unborn baby. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts.

• #121 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Slapped-Cheek-Syndrome.aspx

  Slapped cheek syndrome, also known of as fifth disease and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. The virus interferes with the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow by targeting erythroid progenitor cells located there. The body’s immune response to the virus and not the virus itself causes the characteristic red rash observed across the cheeks of infected individuals. […] The parvovirus B19 is an airborne virus spread in much the same way as the common cold or flu virus. […] The parvovirus B19 is highly contagious and easily spread between individuals, especially those living in close quarters such as at school or in a day care centre living. […] Once an individual has been infected with the virus, immunity to it is acquired and it is rare for a second infection to occur.

• #122 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). […] The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #123 Signs Of Slapped Cheek Syndrome To Look For As Virus Peaks

  https://www.hollinswoodpharmacy.co.uk/signs-of-slapped-cheek-syndrome-to-look-for-as-virus-peaks/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is an infection of the human parvovirus B19, which typically affects young children between the ages of four and ten. […] The virus affects more people during the winter, with numbers generally hitting a peak in March. […] Its incubation period can even last up to two weeks before symptoms begin, which makes it hard to control the spreading. […] Consequently, the NHS website says: Its hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears. […] Much like other viruses, it is spread through mucus when someone with the disease sneezes or coughs. It, therefore, can be contracted through touching the person or surfaces. […] Slapped cheek syndrome can also be harmful to pregnant women, as it carries a small risk of miscarriage and other complications. So expectant mothers who have been exposed to the virus should contact their GP or midwife.

• #124 Signs Of Slapped Cheek Syndrome To Look For As Virus Peaks

  https://www.hollinswoodpharmacy.co.uk/signs-of-slapped-cheek-syndrome-to-look-for-as-virus-peaks/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is an infection of the human parvovirus B19, which typically affects young children between the ages of four and ten. […] The virus affects more people during the winter, with numbers generally hitting a peak in March. […] Its incubation period can even last up to two weeks before symptoms begin, which makes it hard to control the spreading. […] Consequently, the NHS website says: Its hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears. […] Much like other viruses, it is spread through mucus when someone with the disease sneezes or coughs. It, therefore, can be contracted through touching the person or surfaces. […] Slapped cheek syndrome can also be harmful to pregnant women, as it carries a small risk of miscarriage and other complications. So expectant mothers who have been exposed to the virus should contact their GP or midwife.

• #125 Fifth Disease: An Alarming Name for a Common Childhood Illness – RingMD

  https://www.ring.md/blog/fifth-disease

  Fifth Disease is caused by parvovirus B19, for which there is currently no human vaccine. […] The most common symptoms of Fifth Disease are fever, runny nose, headache, body and muscle aches, and a tell-tale facial rash that is sometimes called slapped cheek syndrome. […] Parvovirus B19 is communicated through saliva and mucus. […] Fifth Disease is transmissible to adults who have weakened immune systems or have never come down with the virus. […] Parvovirus B19 slightly increases the risk of miscarriage for women who are infected during the first trimester. […] Parvovirus B19 can cause a severe, life-threatening sudden anemia in children and adults who have sickle cell or any other hemolytic anemia, or who suffer from an immune deficiency disorder.

• #126 Slapped Cheek Syndrome in babies and children: symptoms and treatment | MadeForMums

  https://www.madeformums.com/school-and-family/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. […] The incubation period of slapped cheek disease is 4 to 20 days (generally 4 to 14 days), meaning that you can be exposed to the virus and not develop symptoms until 4 to 20 days later. […] Approximately 5 or 6 out of 10 adults have been exposed to parvovirus and have immunity. […] There is currently no vaccination against the parvovirus which causes slapped cheek syndrome.

• #127 Virus that causes 'slapped cheek’ disease in children on the rise, CDC warns | Bridge Michigan

  https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-health-watch/virus-causes-slapped-cheek-disease-children-rise-cdc-warns

  The CDC issued a health advisory after an increase in cases of human parvovirus B19 in the U.S. and Europe. […] The virus can also cause Fifth disease, a bright red facial rash also known as slapped cheek disease, which mostly impacts children who’ve been infected with the virus for about seven to 10 days. […] Parvovirus B19 is a seasonal virus that can be spread through respiratory droplets, even if the infected person is asymptomatic. […] There is no vaccine for human parvovirus B19.

• #128 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #129 Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease (Parvovirus) factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/slapped-cheek-disease-or-fifth-disease-parvovirus-factsheet

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral disease. […] The virus is transmitted in droplets coughed out by infected children. […] Most adults are immune, having already had the infection when they were children. […] In most children, Fifth disease is a mild, flu-like illness, which gets better on its own in a few days. […] Most people who have had Fifth disease as children cannot get it again.

• #130 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Slapped-Cheek-Syndrome.aspx

  Slapped cheek syndrome, also known of as fifth disease and erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. The virus interferes with the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow by targeting erythroid progenitor cells located there. The body’s immune response to the virus and not the virus itself causes the characteristic red rash observed across the cheeks of infected individuals. […] The parvovirus B19 is an airborne virus spread in much the same way as the common cold or flu virus. […] The parvovirus B19 is highly contagious and easily spread between individuals, especially those living in close quarters such as at school or in a day care centre living. […] Once an individual has been infected with the virus, immunity to it is acquired and it is rare for a second infection to occur.

• #131 Fifth disease | RIVM

  https://www.rivm.nl/en/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is an infectious disease caused by a virus […] It is caused by a parvovirus B19 infection, and mainly affects children. […] People with severely impaired immunity are also more likely to develop severe illness resulting from a parvovirus B19 infection. […] If a pregnant person has fifth disease for the first time during the first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), there is a higher risk of miscarriage. […] Once a person has had a parvovirus B19 infection, they cannot get fifth disease a second time.

• #132 Slapped Cheek Syndrome in babies and children: symptoms and treatment | MadeForMums

  https://www.madeformums.com/school-and-family/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. […] The incubation period of slapped cheek disease is 4 to 20 days (generally 4 to 14 days), meaning that you can be exposed to the virus and not develop symptoms until 4 to 20 days later. […] Approximately 5 or 6 out of 10 adults have been exposed to parvovirus and have immunity. […] There is currently no vaccination against the parvovirus which causes slapped cheek syndrome.

• #133 Fifth disease | RIVM

  https://www.rivm.nl/en/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is an infectious disease caused by a virus […] It is caused by a parvovirus B19 infection, and mainly affects children. […] People with severely impaired immunity are also more likely to develop severe illness resulting from a parvovirus B19 infection. […] If a pregnant person has fifth disease for the first time during the first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), there is a higher risk of miscarriage. […] Once a person has had a parvovirus B19 infection, they cannot get fifth disease a second time.

• #134 Fifth Disease | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is caused by the germ human parvovirus B19. […] The germ spreads most often in the winter and spring. […] Once you have fifth disease, you are immune you cannot get it again. […] Adults can get fifth disease too, but most infections are in children because many adults are already immune.

• #135 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #136 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, which only infects humans. […] Infection by parvovirus B19 can lead to multiple clinical manifestations, but the most common is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 is the only virus within the Parvoviridae family to cause disease in humans, especially in children. […] The most common disease derived from parvovirus B19 is fifth disease. […] Parvovirus B19 will start replicating from anywhere for four to eighteen days. […] Certain populations are at a higher risk if they have more dividing cells or a weakened immune system than the typical person. […] About 1-5% of pregnant women can become infected.

• #137 Slapped Cheek Disease

  https://www.careplus.ie/symptoms/254-slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is sometimes called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum. It is an infection caused by the parvovirus B19 virus. […] It is contagious. The contagious period is 4-20 days before the rash appears. By the time the rash develops, it is usually no longer infectious. […] It is extremely important to tell your midwife or a GP if you’re pregnant and have been near someone with slapped cheek disease, as there is a very small risk of miscarriage or other complications. Miscarriage is more common in women who are infected with this virus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] However, the virus that causes slapped cheek disease can sometimes harm an unborn child. […] If you develop a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, and you do not have immunity, there is a 1 in 3 chance that you will pass the infection onto your unborn baby.

• #138 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum can be transmitted transplacentally, sometimes resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, or severe fetal anemia with widespread edema (hydrops fetalis). […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] There is mild, transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is asymptomatic except sometimes in children with hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), or immunosuppression.

• #139 What GPs want you to know about slapped cheek syndrome | GoodtoKnow

  https://www.goodto.com/family/slapped-cheek-syndrome-67705

  Slapped cheek syndrome, or fifth disease, is a relatively minor condition that sounds much worse than it actually is. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) describes slapped cheek syndrome as a viral infection caused by parvovirus B19. […] Slapped cheek syndrome has been identified as being caused by a Parvovirus B19 and therefore the disease is contagious. […] Slapped cheek syndrome typically spreads via saliva and mucus and so can be spread in the air when we cough, laugh, and sneeze. […] Yes, you need to take extra precautions if you are pregnant and have been near someone with slapped cheek syndrome. […] This is because if you get the infection for the first time while pregnant it can increase the risk of miscarriage. […] „Parvovirus 19 can sometimes cause a miscarriage or adversely affect the unborn baby,” Dr Sanders warns. […] If you are pregnant and exposed to the virus you should consult your doctor who can take a blood test to find whether you have immunity due to previous infection or take tests to establish whether you have currently been infected.

• #140 Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15774-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a childhood condition that appears as a bright red rash on your childs cheeks. Its nicknamed slapped cheek disease because of this rash. A virus called parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. This virus is common and very contagious. Infected people can spread it through coughing or sneezing. […] Human parvovirus, also called parvovirus B19, causes fifth disease. This is different from the parvovirus that affects dogs and cats. Fifth disease (a red rash) typically appears four to 14 days after your child is infected with parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus B19 is very contagious. It mainly spreads through respiratory droplets in your mouth and nose. If an infected person talks, coughs or sneezes near your child, your child could become infected with the virus. […] However, fifth disease the red rash caused by parvovirus B19 isnt contagious. In fact, once a person infected with parvovirus B19 gets the red rash, theyre no longer contagious (they cant spread parvovirus B19 to other people).

• #141 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #142 Slapped cheek syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. This is found in the droplets in the coughs and sneezes of someone with the infection. […] Someone with slapped cheek syndrome is infectious during the period before the rash develops. Once the rash appears, the condition can no longer be passed on.

• #143 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #144 Slapped cheek syndrome | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. This is found in the droplets in the coughs and sneezes of someone with the infection. […] Someone with slapped cheek syndrome is infectious during the period before the rash develops. Once the rash appears, the condition can no longer be passed on.

• #145 Fifth Disease (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/fifth.html

  Fifth disease (also called erythema infectiosum) is caused by parvovirus B19. […] The virus spreads in droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or touches a surface. […] It is most contagious before the rash appears, when the symptoms seem like that of a common cold. […] By the time the rash appears, the body has already been fighting the infection for a while and the persons not contagious anymore. […] Kids usually don’t spread the infection once they have the rash.

• #146 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #147 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy may result in severe fetal complications. These conditions include miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and hydrops fetalis. The estimated risk of fetal loss following acute maternal infection is approximately 5%. Pregnant individuals in the 2nd trimester have the highest risk of complications, though adverse outcomes have been documented throughout all stages of pregnancy. […] Parvovirus B19 infection targets and destroys reticulocytes, leading to reduced or transiently disrupted erythropoiesis. Affected patients may develop transient aplastic crisis, resulting in significant anemia.

• #148 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by infection with PV-B19, a heat-stable virus from the Parvoviridae family that dates back 7000 years in human dental and skeletal genomic studies. PV-B19, the virus with the smallest DNA known to cause illness in humans, consists of a single-stranded DNA core surrounded by an unenveloped icosahedral capsid. It requires mitotically active cells and a globoside cellular receptor for propagation, thus making erythroid cell lines a prime target. Erythroid cell line suppression usually lasts about 2 weeks, though in some cases it is chronic, lasting months to years. […] The tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells and other rare sites of the globoside receptor (eg, endothelial cells, placental cells) is responsible for the more serious complications associated with the viral infection. […] Transmission of human PV-B19 occurs through respiratory secretions, possibly through fomites, and parenterally via vertical transmission from mother to fetus and by transfusion of blood or blood products.

• #149 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum is caused by acute infection with human parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Infection may also occur in adults and may cause various clinical syndromes, including papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome, arthropathy, transient aplastic crisis, and pregnancy loss or hydrops fetalis. […] Parvovirus B19 is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes transient suppression of erythropoiesis that is mild and asymptomatic except in children with underlying hemoglobinopathies (eg, sickle cell disease) or other red blood cell (RBC) disorders (eg, hereditary spherocytosis), who may develop transient aplastic crisis.

• #150 Erythema Infectiosum – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513309/

  Parvovirus B19, the causative agent of erythema infectiosum, is a nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Parvoviridae family. The virus exhibits a strong tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, leading to its characteristic clinical manifestations. The mechanism of spread most commonly involves inhalation of respiratory droplets. However, vertical transmission from mother to fetus and transfusion-related exposure via infected blood or blood products are also documented routes of infection. […] The causative agent is human parvovirus B19, which is also implicated in conditions such as aplastic anemia, polyarthropathy, and hydrops fetalis. […] Erythema infectiosum occurs worldwide and most often affects school-age children aged 5 to 15. Adult cases are less frequent. The infection is most commonly reported during the spring months.

• #151 Fifth Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/fifth-disease-7553036

  Fifth disease occurs following exposure to parvovirus B19. […] The parvovirus B19 infection causes fifth disease. It is an airborne virus that can spread easily through respiratory secretions (salvia, sputum, and nasal mucus), which makes it common among elementary school students. […] A pregnant person can pass the virus to their fetus. […] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most cases of parvovirus B19 in the United States occur in the late winter, spring, and early summer. […] Parvovirus B19 may cause severe disease in immunocompromised adults. The virus can lead to acute, severe, or chronic anemia for this group. […] While rare, a pregnant person who has contracted parvovirus B19 can develop severe anemia, sometimes leading to a miscarriage (loss of pregnancy before the 20th week). […] The time between exposure to parvovirus B19 and the start of the illness is the most contagious period, which is four to 12 days.

• #152 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. It results from being infected with human parvovirus B19. […] Parvovirus is a virus that lives in red blood cells. It can only infect humans and is different from dog or cat parvoviruses. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesnt pose any health risks to the sufferer. However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In rare cases, infection during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy can cause a form of anaemia (low blood count) in the baby. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #153 About Parvovirus B19 | Parvovirus B19 and Fifth Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html

  Parvovirus B19 infection usually causes no symptoms or mild illness, such as flu-like symptoms, rashes and joint pains. […] The clinical presentation most often associated with parvovirus B19 infection is a red rash on the face, also called a „slapped cheek” rash. This is also known as Fifth Disease (or Erythema Infectiosum). […] Parvovirus B19 has been shown to cause a severe drop in blood count (anemia) in some patients with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system. […] If you get a parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy, the virus could spread to the baby. This is not common but could cause a miscarriage.

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