Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner. In most cases, the treatment is typically symptomatic.

• #2 Parvovirus – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/

  Parvovirus B19 causes slapped cheek syndrome which is usually a mild self-limiting viral illness and is very common in childhood. […] Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland, therefore laboratory test data from the National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) is displayed. […] In 2024, Ireland, like other countries, saw an increase in positive laboratory tests for Parvovirus B19, following low levels seen during the pandemic years. […] The number of positive Parvovirus B19 IgM tests January 2024 to end September 2024. […] The percentage Parvovirus B19 IgM test positivity January 2024 to end September 2024.

• #3 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is common in children and should get better on its own within 3 weeks. […] It’s rarer in adults, but can be more serious. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #4 Erythema infectiosum, slapped cheek syndrome, or fifth disease

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/169853

  Erythema infectiosum is sometimes called slapped cheek syndrome, because the rash makes the cheeks red. […] The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD) describes it as relatively common and mildly contagious. […] It can spread rapidly in places where many people congregate, such as schools, kindergartens, and nurseries. […] Although parvovirus mostly infects elementary-aged schoolchildren during the winter and spring months, people of any age may be affected. […] However, the risk of infection during pregnancy is very small, and the risk of complications for the fetus are smaller still. […] There is currently no vaccine which protects people from parvovirus B19 infection. Those who have been infected are immune and cannot be infected again.

• #5 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Age- and sex-related demographics […] Approximately 70% of erythema infectiosum cases occur in children aged 5-15 years, but the disease can develop at any age. PV-B19 infection can occur antenatally. In adults, PV-B19 infection can lead to the classic symptoms of erythema infectiosum, but it more often manifests as an acute arthropathy without cutaneous eruption. Males and females are infected equally by erythema infectiosum, though arthropathy is more common in women. In addition, women may be affected by complications from erythema infectiosum during pregnancy.

• #6 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease is also known as human parvovirus B19V found all throughout the world, primarily during childhood. This virus spreads by breathing in the viral particles or in the womb during fetal development. The illness is very common and self-limiting. The modes of transmission include respiratory droplets, blood, or mother to fetus. Fifth disease is most prevalent in children aged 5 to 15 years old. Fifth disease occurs at lower rates in adults. The virus spreads easily and once contracted, the body will begin developing lasting immunity to reinfection. The prevalence of antibodies is 50% in children and 70% to 85% in adults. The virus affects both men and women equally. During the spring and winter, epidemic outbreaks are most likely to occur. In the summer and fall, sporadic cases and outbreaks occur. The outbreaks most commonly occur in daycares and schools. The periodicity of the outbreak cycle is three-to-seven years. The risk of acquiring the viral illness increases when exposed to an infected person or contaminated blood. Individuals who have an occupation that requires close contact with infected people such as healthcare workers and teachers are at an increased risk of acquiring the viral illness. Another risk factor of fifth disease are immunocompromised individuals, those with anemia are at a higher risk of developing complications. Pregnant women are at risk for acquiring viral illness, especially during the first half of pregnancy. Though, complications are very rare and less than 5% of these cases will experience serious complications. The most common complication among pregnant women is anemia. In rare cases, severe anemia can occur, and a buildup of fluid can develop. A buildup of fluid can cause congestive heart failure or death. A blood infusion or induction may be necessary. No vaccine is available for human parvovirus B19, though attempts have been made to develop one.

• #7 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner. In most cases, the treatment is typically symptomatic.

• #8 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner.

• #9 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner. In most cases, the treatment is typically symptomatic.

• #10 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner.

• #11 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] It occurs mostly during the spring, commonly causing localized outbreaks every few years among children (particularly children aged 5 to 7 years). […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Based on seroprevalence surveys, 50 to 80% of adults have evidence of prior parvovirus B19 infection, which likely confers protective immunity for immunocompetent people. […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] Testing is done mainly in children with transient aplastic crisis or adults with arthropathy.

• #12 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. […] The incubation period for slapped cheek disease is usually between four and 14 days after contact (in rare cases, up to 21 days). […] People are infectious during the incubation period, which is usually about a week before the rash appears. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesn’t pose any health risks to the sufferer. […] However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In Victoria, about 60 per cent of women aged 20 to 39 will have had the infection before their pregnancy and will be immune. […] Some will get it while they are pregnant (between 1.5 and 15 per cent of women of child-bearing age in Victoria contract the infection each year).

• #13 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner. In most cases, the treatment is typically symptomatic.

• #14 Fifth Disease | Erythema infectiosum | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html

  Fifth disease mostly affects children. […] In the United States, parvovirus B19 infections are more common in late winter, spring, and early summer. There are usually minor outbreaks of fifth disease about every 3 to 4 years. […] There is no routine lab test to diagnose fifth disease. Providers can often diagnose fifth disease just by seeing the „slapped cheek” rash and rashes on the body. […] Most people become immune to the virus after having it once.

• #15 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Erythema infectiosum is generally a mild disease. In adults, its symptoms can be long-lasting. […] It is common in children, with outbreaks occurring in winter and spring. Epidemics occur every 34 years. […] Human parvovirus infection occurs worldwide and is a common childhood disease. Outbreaks occur during winter and spring, with epidemics occurring every 34 years. […] Up to 50 per cent of susceptible household contacts and 10-60 per cent of childcare or school contacts may be infected during outbreaks. […] The virus is transmitted by contact with infected respiratory secretions. It may be spread vertically from mother to fetus and, rarely, by transfusion of blood products. […] Children with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before the onset of the rash and are probably not infectious after the rash appears.

• #16 Factsheets – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/factsheets/

  Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland. […] Parvovirus B19 circulates in the community all year round, with increases in the numbers of people infected in late spring/early summer. Parvovirus B19 seems to follow a pattern, with increases in the number of people infected every 3-5 years. […] Pregnant women who work around children have a slightly higher risk of getting the infection, especially in the first years of their career as they might not have had the infection before.

• #17 Fifth Disease | Erythema infectiosum | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/fifthdisease.html

  Fifth disease mostly affects children. […] In the United States, parvovirus B19 infections are more common in late winter, spring, and early summer. There are usually minor outbreaks of fifth disease about every 3 to 4 years. […] There is no routine lab test to diagnose fifth disease. Providers can often diagnose fifth disease just by seeing the „slapped cheek” rash and rashes on the body. […] Most people become immune to the virus after having it once.

• #18 Parvoviruses – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482245/

  Parvovirus B19 infection occurs worldwide and is most common in school-aged children. The prevalence of parvovirus B19 in developed countries in children younger than five years is 2% to 10%, 40% to 60% in adults older than 20 years, and 85% or more in people 70 years and older. Infections with parvovirus B19 tend to occur more often in the late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini-outbreaks of parvovirus B19 infection occur about every three to four years. […] Parvovirus infections are often managed by the pediatrician, primary care provider, or nurse practitioner. In most cases, the treatment is typically symptomatic.

• #19 Parvovirus – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/

  Parvovirus B19 causes slapped cheek syndrome which is usually a mild self-limiting viral illness and is very common in childhood. […] Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland, therefore laboratory test data from the National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) is displayed. […] In 2024, Ireland, like other countries, saw an increase in positive laboratory tests for Parvovirus B19, following low levels seen during the pandemic years. […] The number of positive Parvovirus B19 IgM tests January 2024 to end September 2024. […] The percentage Parvovirus B19 IgM test positivity January 2024 to end September 2024.

• #20 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although sporadic cases of erythema infectiosum have occurred in the United States, outbreaks are more common. Up to 60% of the population is seropositive for anti human PV-B19 IgG by age 20 years. The incidence peaks in winter and early spring. […] Human PV-B19 epidemics appear to occur in a cyclical fashion every 4-7 years and are estimated to affect 30-50% of US households. Community epidemics usually last 3-6 months. Subclinical infections are common. Adults with occupational exposures to children (eg, teachers and daycare workers) have a higher risk for PV-B19 seroconversion as compared with the general population. […] In August 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory regarding increases in PV-B19 activity in the United States. The percentage of people with IgM antibodies to PV-B19 in all ages increased from the previous level of less than 3% in 2022-2024 to 10% in June 2024; the greatest increase was observed among children between the ages of 5 and 9 years showed the most substantial increase, from 15% in 2022-2024 to 40% in June 2024.

• #21

  https://www.today.com/health/news/parvovirus-slapped-cheek-disease-symptoms-rcna166585

  Cases of parvovirus B19, commonly called „slapped cheek disease,” are rising in the United States, especially among children. […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health advisory on Aug. 13 warning about an increase in parvovirus B19 activity across the country, with the greatest surge among children ages five to nine. […] The proportion of people of all ages in the U.S. with antibodies for parvovirus B19, an indicator of a recent infection, rose from less than 3% during 20222024 to 10% in June 2024, the CDC said. Among children ages five to nine, it increased from 15% to 40%. […] In addition to increased test positivity, the CDC said it has received reports of clusters of parvovirus B19-associated complications among pregnant people and people with sickle cell disease. […] The health alert comes after public health authorities in Europe reported unusually high numbers of parvovirus B19 cases in 14 countries during the first quarter of 2024, the agency said.

• #22 'Slapped cheek’ virus spreads in US: Know its symptoms and who is at risk | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/daily-health/slapped-cheek-virus-symptoms-treatment/

  Parvovirus B19 or the „slapped cheek” disease is on the rise in the US and Europe. […] Seasonal respiratory infection Parvovirus B19, also known as slapped cheek syndrome, is spreading in Europe and the US. […] After seeing a rise in cases of human parvovirus B19 in the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health alert warning. […] Fourteen countries in Europe had reported unusually high numbers of slapped cheek virus cases, the CDC shared while issuing the warning in August 2024. […] The percentage of people with Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, which shows that somebody was infected with Parvovirus B19, rose from less than three percent in 2022 to 10 percent in June 2024, as per the CDC. […] Children, aged between five and nine, had the most significant rise in the cases.

• #23

  https://www.today.com/health/news/parvovirus-slapped-cheek-disease-symptoms-rcna166585

  Cases of parvovirus B19, commonly called „slapped cheek disease,” are rising in the United States, especially among children. […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health advisory on Aug. 13 warning about an increase in parvovirus B19 activity across the country, with the greatest surge among children ages five to nine. […] The proportion of people of all ages in the U.S. with antibodies for parvovirus B19, an indicator of a recent infection, rose from less than 3% during 20222024 to 10% in June 2024, the CDC said. Among children ages five to nine, it increased from 15% to 40%. […] In addition to increased test positivity, the CDC said it has received reports of clusters of parvovirus B19-associated complications among pregnant people and people with sickle cell disease. […] The health alert comes after public health authorities in Europe reported unusually high numbers of parvovirus B19 cases in 14 countries during the first quarter of 2024, the agency said.

• #24

  https://medium.com/microbial-instincts/the-fifth-disease-parvovirus-b19-83c33d4f5e03

  Recently, CDC has received reports indicating increased parvovirus B19 activity in the United States. […] The proportion of people with IgM antibodies increased among all ages from 3% during 20222024 to 10% in June 2024; the greatest increase was observed among children aged 59 years, from 15% during 20222024 to 40% in June 2024. […] Among plasma donors, the prevalence of pooled samples with parvovirus B19 DNA 104 IU/mL increased from 1.5% in December 2023 to 19.9% in June 2024. […] CDC has also received anecdotal reports from clinicians who have observed more than the expected number of cases of parvovirus B19 infections among pregnant people, including cases resulting in severe fetal anemia requiring fetal.

• #25 Slapped Cheek Syndrome | Scoil Bhríde

  https://www.scoilbhridekill.ie/parents/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by an infection with a virus known as human parvovirus B19. It is usually a mild self-limiting disease, occurring in small outbreaks among children, particularly in winter and spring. Small outbreaks are common in schools and usually reflect increased circulation of the virus in the wider community. […] Cases are infectious for approximately 7 days before the rash appears and are usually no longer infectious when the rash has appeared. Anyone who is not immune can be infected, but the disease seems to occur more often in the 5 to 14 year age group. […] Infection is spread by respiratory secretions (e.g. saliva, sputum, nasal mucus) through sneezing, coughing or direct contact with these secretions. […] Circulation of parvovirus in schools reflects circulation of the infection in the wider community. In addition by the time someone develops the typical rash of slapped cheek syndrome they are usually no longer infectious and their contacts have already been exposed. Excluding pregnant teachers from school will not prevent them from being exposed to infection and therefore exclusion is not recommended as a public health measure to protect pregnant women from infection.

• #26

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rimtsp/a/XhQbYfsPjdhx5TyHWW3cRdD/?lang=en

  Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by erythrovirus, previously called parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum is transmitted primarily by respiratory secretions (saliva, mucus, etc.) but can also spread through contact with infected blood. The incubation period (the time between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms) is usually between four and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms. Typically, school children, day-care workers, teachers and mothers are most likely to be exposed to the virus. […] Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years. By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past. […] Outbreaks can arise especially in nursery schools, preschools, and elementary schools.

• #27 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Erythema infectiosum is generally a mild disease. In adults, its symptoms can be long-lasting. […] It is common in children, with outbreaks occurring in winter and spring. Epidemics occur every 34 years. […] Human parvovirus infection occurs worldwide and is a common childhood disease. Outbreaks occur during winter and spring, with epidemics occurring every 34 years. […] Up to 50 per cent of susceptible household contacts and 10-60 per cent of childcare or school contacts may be infected during outbreaks. […] The virus is transmitted by contact with infected respiratory secretions. It may be spread vertically from mother to fetus and, rarely, by transfusion of blood products. […] Children with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before the onset of the rash and are probably not infectious after the rash appears.

• #28

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rimtsp/a/XhQbYfsPjdhx5TyHWW3cRdD/?lang=en

  Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by erythrovirus, previously called parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum is transmitted primarily by respiratory secretions (saliva, mucus, etc.) but can also spread through contact with infected blood. The incubation period (the time between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms) is usually between four and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms. Typically, school children, day-care workers, teachers and mothers are most likely to be exposed to the virus. […] Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years. By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past. […] Outbreaks can arise especially in nursery schools, preschools, and elementary schools.

• #29 Slapped Cheek Syndrome | Scoil Bhríde

  https://www.scoilbhridekill.ie/parents/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by an infection with a virus known as human parvovirus B19. It is usually a mild self-limiting disease, occurring in small outbreaks among children, particularly in winter and spring. Small outbreaks are common in schools and usually reflect increased circulation of the virus in the wider community. […] Cases are infectious for approximately 7 days before the rash appears and are usually no longer infectious when the rash has appeared. Anyone who is not immune can be infected, but the disease seems to occur more often in the 5 to 14 year age group. […] Infection is spread by respiratory secretions (e.g. saliva, sputum, nasal mucus) through sneezing, coughing or direct contact with these secretions. […] Circulation of parvovirus in schools reflects circulation of the infection in the wider community. In addition by the time someone develops the typical rash of slapped cheek syndrome they are usually no longer infectious and their contacts have already been exposed. Excluding pregnant teachers from school will not prevent them from being exposed to infection and therefore exclusion is not recommended as a public health measure to protect pregnant women from infection.

• #30 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Erythema infectiosum is generally a mild disease. In adults, its symptoms can be long-lasting. […] It is common in children, with outbreaks occurring in winter and spring. Epidemics occur every 34 years. […] Human parvovirus infection occurs worldwide and is a common childhood disease. Outbreaks occur during winter and spring, with epidemics occurring every 34 years. […] Up to 50 per cent of susceptible household contacts and 10-60 per cent of childcare or school contacts may be infected during outbreaks. […] The virus is transmitted by contact with infected respiratory secretions. It may be spread vertically from mother to fetus and, rarely, by transfusion of blood products. […] Children with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before the onset of the rash and are probably not infectious after the rash appears.

• #31 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is common in children and should get better on its own within 3 weeks. […] It’s rarer in adults, but can be more serious. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #32 Slapped Cheek Syndrome

  https://solent-family-assist.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/151/~/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped Cheek Syndrome is a virus, also known as Fifth Disease, and is common in children. […] It is contagious but hard to avoid spreading because most people do not know they have it until a rash appears, by which time it is no longer contagious. […] You can only spread the virus to other people before a rash appears.

• #33 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although sporadic cases of erythema infectiosum have occurred in the United States, outbreaks are more common. Up to 60% of the population is seropositive for anti human PV-B19 IgG by age 20 years. The incidence peaks in winter and early spring. […] Human PV-B19 epidemics appear to occur in a cyclical fashion every 4-7 years and are estimated to affect 30-50% of US households. Community epidemics usually last 3-6 months. Subclinical infections are common. Adults with occupational exposures to children (eg, teachers and daycare workers) have a higher risk for PV-B19 seroconversion as compared with the general population. […] In August 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory regarding increases in PV-B19 activity in the United States. The percentage of people with IgM antibodies to PV-B19 in all ages increased from the previous level of less than 3% in 2022-2024 to 10% in June 2024; the greatest increase was observed among children between the ages of 5 and 9 years showed the most substantial increase, from 15% in 2022-2024 to 40% in June 2024.

• #34 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although sporadic cases of erythema infectiosum have occurred in the United States, outbreaks are more common. Up to 60% of the population is seropositive for anti human PV-B19 IgG by age 20 years. The incidence peaks in winter and early spring. […] Human PV-B19 epidemics appear to occur in a cyclical fashion every 4-7 years and are estimated to affect 30-50% of US households. Community epidemics usually last 3-6 months. Subclinical infections are common. Adults with occupational exposures to children (eg, teachers and daycare workers) have a higher risk for PV-B19 seroconversion as compared with the general population. […] In August 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory regarding increases in PV-B19 activity in the United States. The percentage of people with IgM antibodies to PV-B19 in all ages increased from the previous level of less than 3% in 2022-2024 to 10% in June 2024; the greatest increase was observed among children between the ages of 5 and 9 years showed the most substantial increase, from 15% in 2022-2024 to 40% in June 2024.

• #35 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  A 2019 systematic review examined the rates of parvovirus B19 infection among daycare workers. Since transmission typically occurs through respiratory secretions, it was thought that daycare workers would be at an increased risk of infection because young children can spread saliva through drool. The systematic review indicates that daycare workers are at an increased risk for infection. Another review also supports the finding that daycare workers have an increased risk of contracting parvovirus B19 infection. A 2019 meta-analysis examined rates of parvovirus B19 infection among those with sickle cell disease (SCD) using IgG and IgM antibody detection. Pooled data from Africa, Asia, and the Americas revealed a 48.8% parvovirus B19 infection prevalence among persons with sickle cell disease. Prevalence of infection was also determined by geographic location, where areas with reduced access to adequate housing had higher prevalence (Africa was 55.5%). A 2020 literature review also supports the finding that persons with SCD, as well as those with the blood disorder beta thalassemia, are at a higher risk of parvovirus B19 infection.

• #36 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease is also known as human parvovirus B19V found all throughout the world, primarily during childhood. This virus spreads by breathing in the viral particles or in the womb during fetal development. The illness is very common and self-limiting. The modes of transmission include respiratory droplets, blood, or mother to fetus. Fifth disease is most prevalent in children aged 5 to 15 years old. Fifth disease occurs at lower rates in adults. The virus spreads easily and once contracted, the body will begin developing lasting immunity to reinfection. The prevalence of antibodies is 50% in children and 70% to 85% in adults. The virus affects both men and women equally. During the spring and winter, epidemic outbreaks are most likely to occur. In the summer and fall, sporadic cases and outbreaks occur. The outbreaks most commonly occur in daycares and schools. The periodicity of the outbreak cycle is three-to-seven years. The risk of acquiring the viral illness increases when exposed to an infected person or contaminated blood. Individuals who have an occupation that requires close contact with infected people such as healthcare workers and teachers are at an increased risk of acquiring the viral illness. Another risk factor of fifth disease are immunocompromised individuals, those with anemia are at a higher risk of developing complications. Pregnant women are at risk for acquiring viral illness, especially during the first half of pregnancy. Though, complications are very rare and less than 5% of these cases will experience serious complications. The most common complication among pregnant women is anemia. In rare cases, severe anemia can occur, and a buildup of fluid can develop. A buildup of fluid can cause congestive heart failure or death. A blood infusion or induction may be necessary. No vaccine is available for human parvovirus B19, though attempts have been made to develop one.

• #37 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  A 2019 systematic review examined the rates of parvovirus B19 infection among daycare workers. Since transmission typically occurs through respiratory secretions, it was thought that daycare workers would be at an increased risk of infection because young children can spread saliva through drool. The systematic review indicates that daycare workers are at an increased risk for infection. Another review also supports the finding that daycare workers have an increased risk of contracting parvovirus B19 infection. A 2019 meta-analysis examined rates of parvovirus B19 infection among those with sickle cell disease (SCD) using IgG and IgM antibody detection. Pooled data from Africa, Asia, and the Americas revealed a 48.8% parvovirus B19 infection prevalence among persons with sickle cell disease. Prevalence of infection was also determined by geographic location, where areas with reduced access to adequate housing had higher prevalence (Africa was 55.5%). A 2020 literature review also supports the finding that persons with SCD, as well as those with the blood disorder beta thalassemia, are at a higher risk of parvovirus B19 infection.

• #38 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  A pregnant woman who believes she has been in contact with a case of parvovirus infection should consult the doctor supervising her pregnancy, even if she has no symptoms. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #39 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  A pregnant woman who believes she has been in contact with a case of parvovirus infection should consult the doctor supervising her pregnancy, even if she has no symptoms. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #40 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Patients with an aplastic crisis are infectious for a week after the onset of symptoms. […] Immunosuppressed people with chronic anaemia due to infection may excrete virus for years. […] There is no vaccine available. […] All people who are nonimmune to parvovirus, are immunosuppressed, have chronic haemolytic disorders or are pregnant are at increased risk of complications.

• #41 'Slapped cheek’ virus spreads in US: Know its symptoms and who is at risk | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/daily-health/slapped-cheek-virus-symptoms-treatment/

  The symptoms are usually mild for children and adults if they dont have any other ailments. […] But in some cases, it can cause a severe drop in blood count in people with blood disorders or those who have a weak immune system. […] Anyone can be at risk, but the chances of complications from parvovirus B19 infection are higher in people with the following health conditions: Cancer, Organ transplant, HIV infection, Blood disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease. […] It is difficult to prevent or stop slapped cheek syndrome from spreading because most people dont know they have it until they notice the rash, as per the NHS. […] The Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease is contagious, and can cause symptoms like rashes, especially in children, and joint pains mostly in adults. People with blood disorders or those who have weak immunity, and pregnant women need to be more careful.

• #42 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  A 2019 systematic review examined the rates of parvovirus B19 infection among daycare workers. Since transmission typically occurs through respiratory secretions, it was thought that daycare workers would be at an increased risk of infection because young children can spread saliva through drool. The systematic review indicates that daycare workers are at an increased risk for infection. Another review also supports the finding that daycare workers have an increased risk of contracting parvovirus B19 infection. A 2019 meta-analysis examined rates of parvovirus B19 infection among those with sickle cell disease (SCD) using IgG and IgM antibody detection. Pooled data from Africa, Asia, and the Americas revealed a 48.8% parvovirus B19 infection prevalence among persons with sickle cell disease. Prevalence of infection was also determined by geographic location, where areas with reduced access to adequate housing had higher prevalence (Africa was 55.5%). A 2020 literature review also supports the finding that persons with SCD, as well as those with the blood disorder beta thalassemia, are at a higher risk of parvovirus B19 infection.

• #43 Factsheets – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/factsheets/

  Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland. […] Parvovirus B19 circulates in the community all year round, with increases in the numbers of people infected in late spring/early summer. Parvovirus B19 seems to follow a pattern, with increases in the number of people infected every 3-5 years. […] Pregnant women who work around children have a slightly higher risk of getting the infection, especially in the first years of their career as they might not have had the infection before.

• #44 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects primary-school-aged children. […] The incubation period for slapped cheek disease is usually between four and 14 days after contact (in rare cases, up to 21 days). […] People are infectious during the incubation period, which is usually about a week before the rash appears. […] Generally, the slapped cheek virus is a mild illness that doesn’t pose any health risks to the sufferer. […] However, contracting the virus is serious for people with specific conditions such as pregnancy, weakened immunity and haemolytic blood disorders. […] In Victoria, about 60 per cent of women aged 20 to 39 will have had the infection before their pregnancy and will be immune. […] Some will get it while they are pregnant (between 1.5 and 15 per cent of women of child-bearing age in Victoria contract the infection each year).

• #45 Parvovirus – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/

  Parvovirus B19 causes slapped cheek syndrome which is usually a mild self-limiting viral illness and is very common in childhood. […] Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland, therefore laboratory test data from the National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) is displayed. […] In 2024, Ireland, like other countries, saw an increase in positive laboratory tests for Parvovirus B19, following low levels seen during the pandemic years. […] The number of positive Parvovirus B19 IgM tests January 2024 to end September 2024. […] The percentage Parvovirus B19 IgM test positivity January 2024 to end September 2024.

• #46 Factsheets – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/factsheets/

  Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland. […] Parvovirus B19 circulates in the community all year round, with increases in the numbers of people infected in late spring/early summer. Parvovirus B19 seems to follow a pattern, with increases in the number of people infected every 3-5 years. […] Pregnant women who work around children have a slightly higher risk of getting the infection, especially in the first years of their career as they might not have had the infection before.

• #47 Parvovirus – Health Protection Surveillance Centre

  https://www.hpsc.ie/a-z/other/parvovirus/

  Parvovirus B19 causes slapped cheek syndrome which is usually a mild self-limiting viral illness and is very common in childhood. […] Parvovirus B19 is not a notifiable disease in Ireland, therefore laboratory test data from the National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL) is displayed. […] In 2024, Ireland, like other countries, saw an increase in positive laboratory tests for Parvovirus B19, following low levels seen during the pandemic years. […] The number of positive Parvovirus B19 IgM tests January 2024 to end September 2024. […] The percentage Parvovirus B19 IgM test positivity January 2024 to end September 2024.

• #48

  https://www.today.com/health/news/parvovirus-slapped-cheek-disease-symptoms-rcna166585

  Cases of parvovirus B19, commonly called „slapped cheek disease,” are rising in the United States, especially among children. […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health advisory on Aug. 13 warning about an increase in parvovirus B19 activity across the country, with the greatest surge among children ages five to nine. […] The proportion of people of all ages in the U.S. with antibodies for parvovirus B19, an indicator of a recent infection, rose from less than 3% during 20222024 to 10% in June 2024, the CDC said. Among children ages five to nine, it increased from 15% to 40%. […] In addition to increased test positivity, the CDC said it has received reports of clusters of parvovirus B19-associated complications among pregnant people and people with sickle cell disease. […] The health alert comes after public health authorities in Europe reported unusually high numbers of parvovirus B19 cases in 14 countries during the first quarter of 2024, the agency said.

• #49 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum occurs across the world, especially in temperate climates, with various strains implicated. Antiparvovirus IgG is found equally among Americans, Asians, and Europeans. Worldwide, epidemics of erythema infectiosum tend to occur in the late winter or early spring, with incidence peaking cyclically every 4-7 years. Approximately 60% of adults are seropositive for PV-B19 by age 20 years. Infection rates have ranged from 20% to 50% in schools and households during outbreaks. […] In June 2024, the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) released a threat assessment brief regarding increased circulation of PV-B19 in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Fourteen EU/EEA countries reported unusually high numbers of PV-B19 cases in the first half of 2024.

• #50 No 13 – 2024

  https://en.ssi.dk/news/epi-news/2024/no-13—2024

  Currently, an increase is being observed in the number of Fifth disease cases in Denmark. Fifth disease is not notifiable, and its prevalence is therefore not monitored systematically by Statens Serum Institut (SSI). The most recent parvovirus epidemic occurred in 2017 when a total of 671 persons with parvovirus B19 infection were identified in the MiBa. Among these, 102 (15%) were pregnant women, of whom 15 were hospitalised, corresponding to 15%. The number of persons with detected B19 infection currently follows an increasing trend compared with previous years. To date, a total of 250 cases have been detected in 2024, among which 50 (20%) were pregnant women with parvovirus. […] The 2024 number is expected to keep climbing, and the level may slightly exceed that observed in 2017 due to a lower occurrence of parvovirus B19 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase is also seen in the share of positive tests (i.e. positive rate) compared with previous years and months. […] Previous Danish studies have shown that the risk of infection among pregnant women is larger among women who have children and that the risk increases with the number of children in the home, which illustrates that the risk of infection is higher in homes with children.

• #51 No 13 – 2024

  https://en.ssi.dk/news/epi-news/2024/no-13—2024

  Currently, an increase is being observed in the number of Fifth disease cases in Denmark. Fifth disease is not notifiable, and its prevalence is therefore not monitored systematically by Statens Serum Institut (SSI). The most recent parvovirus epidemic occurred in 2017 when a total of 671 persons with parvovirus B19 infection were identified in the MiBa. Among these, 102 (15%) were pregnant women, of whom 15 were hospitalised, corresponding to 15%. The number of persons with detected B19 infection currently follows an increasing trend compared with previous years. To date, a total of 250 cases have been detected in 2024, among which 50 (20%) were pregnant women with parvovirus. […] The 2024 number is expected to keep climbing, and the level may slightly exceed that observed in 2017 due to a lower occurrence of parvovirus B19 infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase is also seen in the share of positive tests (i.e. positive rate) compared with previous years and months. […] Previous Danish studies have shown that the risk of infection among pregnant women is larger among women who have children and that the risk increases with the number of children in the home, which illustrates that the risk of infection is higher in homes with children.

• #52

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rimtsp/a/XhQbYfsPjdhx5TyHWW3cRdD/?lang=en

  Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by erythrovirus, previously called parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum is transmitted primarily by respiratory secretions (saliva, mucus, etc.) but can also spread through contact with infected blood. The incubation period (the time between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms) is usually between four and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms. Typically, school children, day-care workers, teachers and mothers are most likely to be exposed to the virus. […] Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years. By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past. […] Outbreaks can arise especially in nursery schools, preschools, and elementary schools.

• #53 Slapped Cheek Syndrome | Scoil Bhríde

  https://www.scoilbhridekill.ie/parents/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by an infection with a virus known as human parvovirus B19. It is usually a mild self-limiting disease, occurring in small outbreaks among children, particularly in winter and spring. Small outbreaks are common in schools and usually reflect increased circulation of the virus in the wider community. […] Cases are infectious for approximately 7 days before the rash appears and are usually no longer infectious when the rash has appeared. Anyone who is not immune can be infected, but the disease seems to occur more often in the 5 to 14 year age group. […] Infection is spread by respiratory secretions (e.g. saliva, sputum, nasal mucus) through sneezing, coughing or direct contact with these secretions. […] Circulation of parvovirus in schools reflects circulation of the infection in the wider community. In addition by the time someone develops the typical rash of slapped cheek syndrome they are usually no longer infectious and their contacts have already been exposed. Excluding pregnant teachers from school will not prevent them from being exposed to infection and therefore exclusion is not recommended as a public health measure to protect pregnant women from infection.

• #54 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although sporadic cases of erythema infectiosum have occurred in the United States, outbreaks are more common. Up to 60% of the population is seropositive for anti human PV-B19 IgG by age 20 years. The incidence peaks in winter and early spring. […] Human PV-B19 epidemics appear to occur in a cyclical fashion every 4-7 years and are estimated to affect 30-50% of US households. Community epidemics usually last 3-6 months. Subclinical infections are common. Adults with occupational exposures to children (eg, teachers and daycare workers) have a higher risk for PV-B19 seroconversion as compared with the general population. […] In August 2024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a health advisory regarding increases in PV-B19 activity in the United States. The percentage of people with IgM antibodies to PV-B19 in all ages increased from the previous level of less than 3% in 2022-2024 to 10% in June 2024; the greatest increase was observed among children between the ages of 5 and 9 years showed the most substantial increase, from 15% in 2022-2024 to 40% in June 2024.

• #55 Erythema Infectiosum: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132078-overview

  Erythema infectiosum occurs across the world, especially in temperate climates, with various strains implicated. Antiparvovirus IgG is found equally among Americans, Asians, and Europeans. Worldwide, epidemics of erythema infectiosum tend to occur in the late winter or early spring, with incidence peaking cyclically every 4-7 years. Approximately 60% of adults are seropositive for PV-B19 by age 20 years. Infection rates have ranged from 20% to 50% in schools and households during outbreaks. […] In June 2024, the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) released a threat assessment brief regarding increased circulation of PV-B19 in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Fourteen EU/EEA countries reported unusually high numbers of PV-B19 cases in the first half of 2024.

• #56 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Erythema infectiosum is generally a mild disease. In adults, its symptoms can be long-lasting. […] It is common in children, with outbreaks occurring in winter and spring. Epidemics occur every 34 years. […] Human parvovirus infection occurs worldwide and is a common childhood disease. Outbreaks occur during winter and spring, with epidemics occurring every 34 years. […] Up to 50 per cent of susceptible household contacts and 10-60 per cent of childcare or school contacts may be infected during outbreaks. […] The virus is transmitted by contact with infected respiratory secretions. It may be spread vertically from mother to fetus and, rarely, by transfusion of blood products. […] Children with erythema infectiosum are most infectious before the onset of the rash and are probably not infectious after the rash appears.

• #57

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rimtsp/a/XhQbYfsPjdhx5TyHWW3cRdD/?lang=en

  Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by erythrovirus, previously called parvovirus B19. […] Erythema infectiosum is transmitted primarily by respiratory secretions (saliva, mucus, etc.) but can also spread through contact with infected blood. The incubation period (the time between the initial infection and the onset of symptoms) is usually between four and 21 days. Individuals with fifth disease are most infectious before the onset of symptoms. Typically, school children, day-care workers, teachers and mothers are most likely to be exposed to the virus. […] Any age may be affected although it is most common in children aged five to fifteen years. By the time adulthood is reached about half the population will have become immune following infection at some time in their past. […] Outbreaks can arise especially in nursery schools, preschools, and elementary schools.

• #58 Slapped cheek syndrome

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/slapped-cheek-syndrome/

  Slapped cheek syndrome is common in children and should get better on its own within 3 weeks. […] It’s rarer in adults, but can be more serious. […] Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by a virus (parvovirus B19). The virus spreads by coughs and sneezes or by touching contaminated objects. […] It’s hard to avoid spreading slapped cheek syndrome because most people do not know they have it until they get the rash. […] You can only spread it to other people before the rash appears.

• #59 Slapped Cheek Syndrome

  https://solent-family-assist.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/151/~/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped Cheek Syndrome is a virus, also known as Fifth Disease, and is common in children. […] It is contagious but hard to avoid spreading because most people do not know they have it until a rash appears, by which time it is no longer contagious. […] You can only spread the virus to other people before a rash appears.

• #60 Fifth disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_disease

  Fifth disease is also known as human parvovirus B19V found all throughout the world, primarily during childhood. This virus spreads by breathing in the viral particles or in the womb during fetal development. The illness is very common and self-limiting. The modes of transmission include respiratory droplets, blood, or mother to fetus. Fifth disease is most prevalent in children aged 5 to 15 years old. Fifth disease occurs at lower rates in adults. The virus spreads easily and once contracted, the body will begin developing lasting immunity to reinfection. The prevalence of antibodies is 50% in children and 70% to 85% in adults. The virus affects both men and women equally. During the spring and winter, epidemic outbreaks are most likely to occur. In the summer and fall, sporadic cases and outbreaks occur. The outbreaks most commonly occur in daycares and schools. The periodicity of the outbreak cycle is three-to-seven years. The risk of acquiring the viral illness increases when exposed to an infected person or contaminated blood. Individuals who have an occupation that requires close contact with infected people such as healthcare workers and teachers are at an increased risk of acquiring the viral illness. Another risk factor of fifth disease are immunocompromised individuals, those with anemia are at a higher risk of developing complications. Pregnant women are at risk for acquiring viral illness, especially during the first half of pregnancy. Though, complications are very rare and less than 5% of these cases will experience serious complications. The most common complication among pregnant women is anemia. In rare cases, severe anemia can occur, and a buildup of fluid can develop. A buildup of fluid can cause congestive heart failure or death. A blood infusion or induction may be necessary. No vaccine is available for human parvovirus B19, though attempts have been made to develop one.

• #61 Erythema infectiosum (human parvovirus or slapped cheek)

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/erythema-infectiosum-human-parvovirus-or-slapped-cheek

  Patients with an aplastic crisis are infectious for a week after the onset of symptoms. […] Immunosuppressed people with chronic anaemia due to infection may excrete virus for years. […] There is no vaccine available. […] All people who are nonimmune to parvovirus, are immunosuppressed, have chronic haemolytic disorders or are pregnant are at increased risk of complications.

• #62 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is a common childhood viral illness. […] Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts. […] There is currently no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. […] Frequent hand washing is recommended to reduce the spread of fifth disease. […] Exclusion from school and work is not likely to stop the spread of fifth disease. This is because people are contagious before they get the rash. […] Fifth disease is usually mild in children and adults who are healthy. […] But in some people, fifth disease can cause serious health problems. These can affect the nerves, joints or blood system. […] In people with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system, fifth disease may cause anaemia.

• #63 CDC Alerts of Slapped Cheek Virus (Fifth Disease)

  https://www.fasttrackurgentcare.com/cdc-warns-of-slapped-cheek-virus-fifth-disease-surge/

  The best way to protect yourself and your loved ones from contracting fifth disease is through good hygiene practices. Because parvovirus B19 is spread through respiratory droplets, its important to wash your hands regularly, avoid close contact with those who are ill, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

• #64 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is a common childhood viral illness. […] Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts. […] There is currently no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. […] Frequent hand washing is recommended to reduce the spread of fifth disease. […] Exclusion from school and work is not likely to stop the spread of fifth disease. This is because people are contagious before they get the rash. […] Fifth disease is usually mild in children and adults who are healthy. […] But in some people, fifth disease can cause serious health problems. These can affect the nerves, joints or blood system. […] In people with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system, fifth disease may cause anaemia.

• #65 CDC Alerts of Slapped Cheek Virus (Fifth Disease)

  https://www.fasttrackurgentcare.com/cdc-warns-of-slapped-cheek-virus-fifth-disease-surge/

  The best way to protect yourself and your loved ones from contracting fifth disease is through good hygiene practices. Because parvovirus B19 is spread through respiratory droplets, its important to wash your hands regularly, avoid close contact with those who are ill, and cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.

• #66 Fifth disease (slapped cheek disease) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/fifth-disease

  Fifth disease is a common childhood viral illness. […] Fifth disease, or slapped cheek disease, is a viral infection caused by human parvovirus B19. […] Fifth disease is very infectious. It will infect around half of all previously uninfected household contacts and up to 1 in 5 school contacts. […] There is currently no vaccine to prevent fifth disease. […] Frequent hand washing is recommended to reduce the spread of fifth disease. […] Exclusion from school and work is not likely to stop the spread of fifth disease. This is because people are contagious before they get the rash. […] Fifth disease is usually mild in children and adults who are healthy. […] But in some people, fifth disease can cause serious health problems. These can affect the nerves, joints or blood system. […] In people with certain blood disorders or with a weakened immune system, fifth disease may cause anaemia.

• #67 Slapped Cheek Syndrome

  https://solent-family-assist.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/151/~/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped Cheek Syndrome is a virus, also known as Fifth Disease, and is common in children. […] It is contagious but hard to avoid spreading because most people do not know they have it until a rash appears, by which time it is no longer contagious. […] You can only spread the virus to other people before a rash appears.

• #68 Slapped Cheek Syndrome | Scoil Bhríde

  https://www.scoilbhridekill.ie/parents/slapped-cheek-syndrome

  Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by an infection with a virus known as human parvovirus B19. It is usually a mild self-limiting disease, occurring in small outbreaks among children, particularly in winter and spring. Small outbreaks are common in schools and usually reflect increased circulation of the virus in the wider community. […] Cases are infectious for approximately 7 days before the rash appears and are usually no longer infectious when the rash has appeared. Anyone who is not immune can be infected, but the disease seems to occur more often in the 5 to 14 year age group. […] Infection is spread by respiratory secretions (e.g. saliva, sputum, nasal mucus) through sneezing, coughing or direct contact with these secretions. […] Circulation of parvovirus in schools reflects circulation of the infection in the wider community. In addition by the time someone develops the typical rash of slapped cheek syndrome they are usually no longer infectious and their contacts have already been exposed. Excluding pregnant teachers from school will not prevent them from being exposed to infection and therefore exclusion is not recommended as a public health measure to protect pregnant women from infection.

• #69 'Slapped cheek’ virus spreads in US: Know its symptoms and who is at risk | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/daily-health/slapped-cheek-virus-symptoms-treatment/

  The symptoms are usually mild for children and adults if they dont have any other ailments. […] But in some cases, it can cause a severe drop in blood count in people with blood disorders or those who have a weak immune system. […] Anyone can be at risk, but the chances of complications from parvovirus B19 infection are higher in people with the following health conditions: Cancer, Organ transplant, HIV infection, Blood disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease. […] It is difficult to prevent or stop slapped cheek syndrome from spreading because most people dont know they have it until they notice the rash, as per the NHS. […] The Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease is contagious, and can cause symptoms like rashes, especially in children, and joint pains mostly in adults. People with blood disorders or those who have weak immunity, and pregnant women need to be more careful.

• #70 Erythema Infectiosum (Parvovirus B19 Infection) – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/common-viral-infections-in-infants-and-children/erythema-infectiosum-parvovirus-b19-infection

  Erythema infectiosum, often referred to as fifth disease, is caused by human parvovirus B19. […] It occurs mostly during the spring, commonly causing localized outbreaks every few years among children (particularly children aged 5 to 7 years). […] Spread seems to be by respiratory droplets and by percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products, with high rates of secondary infection among household contacts; infection can be asymptomatic. […] Based on seroprevalence surveys, 50 to 80% of adults have evidence of prior parvovirus B19 infection, which likely confers protective immunity for immunocompetent people. […] The risk of fetal death is approximately 2 to 6% after maternal infection, with risk greatest during the first half of pregnancy. […] Testing is done mainly in children with transient aplastic crisis or adults with arthropathy.

• #71 Slapped Cheek Disease (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/childrens-health/slapped-cheek-disease-leaflet

  Slapped cheek disease most commonly occurs in children aged 3-15 years but anyone can be affected. […] In the UK, April and May are the peak months for slapped cheek disease. However, it may occur at any time. […] Approximately 50-60% of people in the UK have had slapped cheek disease in the past, usually without realising it. […] The infection is most contagious before the rash appears, which can make it difficult to prevent transmission. […] Testing is generally only carried out in pregnant women, or in people who have other medical conditions that reduce their immune system, not in healthy non-pregnant adults or in children. […] Most pregnant women are immune to this germ (virus), or will not be seriously affected if they become infected by it. […] Miscarriage is more common in women who are infected with this virus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. […] You can still go to school (or work) if you have slapped cheek disease, as you are only able to pass it on (are infectious) before you develop the rash. […] There is no vaccine or treatment that prevents slapped cheek disease.

• #72 Slapped cheek disease | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/slapped-cheek-disease

  Slapped cheek disease is a common infectious disease that mostly affects children. […] Slapped cheek disease is most common during winter and spring. It spreads rapidly through schools because it is infectious before you have any symptoms. […] Very rarely, unborn babies can be infected through their mothers blood during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. This creates a small risk of miscarriage or your baby getting a type of anaemia (low iron levels in the blood). […] Slapped cheek disease can have serious complications for people with reduced immunity, eg, people undergoing chemotherapy or who have HIV/AIDS or blood disorders. Complications include bone marrow failure and a sudden inability to produce blood cells (aplastic crisis). These conditions are serious and need urgent medical attention. […] In a very small number of cases, infection with the disease results in serious anaemia and miscarriage for babies whose mothers catch slapped cheek disease during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.

• #73 Slapped cheek disease | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/slapped-cheek-disease

  A pregnant woman who believes she has been in contact with a case of parvovirus infection should consult the doctor supervising her pregnancy, even if she has no symptoms. […] People with compromised immune systems (for example, people being treated for cancer or severe asthma, or those with HIV/AIDS) can develop chronic and severe anaemia with slapped cheek disease. […] Those with disorders such as sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and hereditary spherocytosis can experience a sudden drop in haemoglobin, the protein that transports oxygen around the blood, with slapped cheek disease.

• #74 'Slapped cheek’ virus spreads in US: Know its symptoms and who is at risk | HealthShots

  https://www.healthshots.com/daily-health/slapped-cheek-virus-symptoms-treatment/

  The symptoms are usually mild for children and adults if they dont have any other ailments. […] But in some cases, it can cause a severe drop in blood count in people with blood disorders or those who have a weak immune system. […] Anyone can be at risk, but the chances of complications from parvovirus B19 infection are higher in people with the following health conditions: Cancer, Organ transplant, HIV infection, Blood disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease. […] It is difficult to prevent or stop slapped cheek syndrome from spreading because most people dont know they have it until they notice the rash, as per the NHS. […] The Slapped cheek disease or fifth disease is contagious, and can cause symptoms like rashes, especially in children, and joint pains mostly in adults. People with blood disorders or those who have weak immunity, and pregnant women need to be more careful.

• #75

  https://www.today.com/health/news/parvovirus-slapped-cheek-disease-symptoms-rcna166585

  Cases of parvovirus B19, commonly called „slapped cheek disease,” are rising in the United States, especially among children. […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a health advisory on Aug. 13 warning about an increase in parvovirus B19 activity across the country, with the greatest surge among children ages five to nine. […] The proportion of people of all ages in the U.S. with antibodies for parvovirus B19, an indicator of a recent infection, rose from less than 3% during 20222024 to 10% in June 2024, the CDC said. Among children ages five to nine, it increased from 15% to 40%. […] In addition to increased test positivity, the CDC said it has received reports of clusters of parvovirus B19-associated complications among pregnant people and people with sickle cell disease. […] The health alert comes after public health authorities in Europe reported unusually high numbers of parvovirus B19 cases in 14 countries during the first quarter of 2024, the agency said.

• #76 When Your Child Has Fifth Disease | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/when-your-child-has-fifth-disease

  Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is a viral infection that is common in children. […] Fifth disease is also known as slapped cheek disease. […] Fifth disease is most common in school-age children, but can develop at any age. […] Fifth disease rarely causes problems in children who are otherwise healthy.

• #77 Fifth Disease („Slapped Cheek” Disease): Symptoms & More

  https://www.health.com/fifth-disease-8704829

  Fifth disease, or erythema infectiosum, is a viral infection that primarily affects children, though adults can get it too. The virus that causes fifth disease is parvovirus B19, which spreads through respiratory droplets when someone with the infection coughs or sneezes. […] Fifth disease can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in preschoolers and school-aged children. Most fifth disease infections in the United States occur in late winter, spring, and early summer. Mini outbreaks of the illness tend to occur every 3-4 years. […] Healthcare providers can usually diagnose fifth disease with a physical examination based on its distinctive „slapped cheek” rash, especially in children. […] Most cases of fifth disease are mild and resolve within 1-2 weeks without treatment. People with weakened immune systems, certain blood disorders, and pregnant people can develop more severe symptoms or complications. […] Good hygiene habits and regularly cleaning shared surfaces can help lower the risk of infection and prevent the spread of fifth disease.

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