Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3993-bronchitis

  Acute bronchitis is usually not treated with medications. If you have the flu and your symptoms started within the past two days, your provider may prescribe antivirals to help it go away faster. […] Your healthcare provider probably wont prescribe medications to treat your bronchitis. In some cases, you can use medications to help you with symptoms or to treat the underlying cause, including: […] If your bronchitis is caused by the flu, your healthcare provider might prescribe an antiviral medication, like Tamiflu, Relenza and Rapivab. If you start taking antivirals quickly after your symptoms start, you might feel better sooner. […] Your provider might prescribe a bronchodilator (a drug that helps open your airways) if youre having trouble breathing. […] Your doctor might prescribe corticosteroids and other medications to reduce inflammation.

• #1 Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23076965/

  Acute bronchitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the large airways within the lung accompanied by a cough lasting from 1 to 3 weeks. The inflammation occurs as a result of an airway infection or environmental trigger, with viral infections accounting for an estimated 89% to 95% of cases. Symptomatic treatment of cough is primarily required for patients, though in most cases the condition is self-limiting. Therapy consists of both nonpharmacological and pharmacological options to include antibiotics and antivirals, antitussive agents, protussive agents, and beta-2-agonists. This article reviews the treatment options for acute bronchitis and recommends criteria for use.

• #1 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Therapy is generally focused on alleviation of symptoms. Toward this goal, a doctor may prescribe a combination of medications that open obstructed bronchial airways and thin obstructive mucus so that it can be coughed up more easily. Care for acute bronchitis is primarily supportive and should ensure that the patient is oxygenating adequately. Bed rest is recommended. […] The most effective means for controlling cough and sputum production in patients with chronic bronchitis is the avoidance of environmental irritants, especially cigarette smoke. […] Based on 2006 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines, central cough suppressants such as codeine and dextromethorphan are recommended for short-term symptomatic relief of coughing in patients with acute and chronic bronchitis.

• #1 Bronchitis: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8888

  Symptoms of bronchitis include a cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Treatment includes rest and drinking plenty of fluids. […] Most people with bronchitis can recover at home with rest, anti-inflammatory medication, and plenty of fluids. […] A doctor may advise a person with bronchitis to: […] Options that may help include: using honey in tea or hot water to bring relief to cough symptoms, using a humidifier to help loosen mucus, improve airflow, and relieve wheezing, resting, drinking fluids, exercising to strengthen the chest muscles to help with breathing, improving breathing technique through pulmonary rehabilitation, removing a lung irritant, for example, by not smoking. […] Taking over-the-counter (OTC) medication such as ibuprofen will help relieve a cough and ease any accompanying pain.

• #1 Bronchitis (Acute and Chronic): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-basics

  Most of the time, acute bronchitis goes away on its own within a couple of weeks. […] If yours is caused by bacteria (which is rare), your doctor may give you antibiotics. If you have asthma or allergies, or if you’re wheezing, they might suggest an inhaler. This helps open your airways and makes it easier to breathe. […] To ease your acute bronchitis symptoms, you can: Drink a lot of water. About 8-12 glasses a day can help thin out your mucus, making it easier to cough it up. Get plenty of rest. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen treat pain. But avoid giving aspirin to children. You can use acetaminophen to treat both pain and fever. Use a humidifier or steam. A hot shower can be great for loosening mucus. Take over-the-counter cough medicines. You might take a medicine such as guaifenesin during the day to loosen your mucus so it’s easier to cough up. Your doctor will call this an expectorant. Check with your pediatrician before giving any cough medicine to children.

• #1 Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3993-bronchitis

  Over-the-counter or prescription cough suppressants (antitussives) may help with a nagging cough. This includes dextromethorphan (Robitussin, DayQuil, PediaCare) and benzonatate (Tessalon Perles, Zonatuss). […] Its very unlikely that youll be treated with antibiotics for bronchitis, unless your healthcare provider thinks you have a bacterial infection. […] You can manage the symptoms of bronchitis at home with over-the-counter medicines and rest. Running a humidifier or taking warm showers can help loosen mucus and make breathing easier. […] You can use ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) to help with the aches and pains that come with a viral infection. […] Bronchitis itself isnt contagious, but some of its causes are. If your bronchitis is caused by a virus, you can be contagious for a few days to a week. If your bronchitis is caused by bacteria, you usually stop being contagious 24 hours after starting antibiotics.

• #1 Acute Bronchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448067/

  In clinical practice, antitussive agents like dextromethorphan (with or without codeine) are often used to suppress cough based on their effectiveness in managing chronic bronchitis symptoms and data from studies on cough associated with the common cold. […] The available data regarding the use of mucolytic agents in acute bronchitis treatment are conflicting and lack a clear consensus on efficacy. […] ACCP guidelines recommend against antibiotic use in cases of uncomplicated acute bronchitis among otherwise healthy adults. […] Consequently, antibiotic use should be avoided in uncomplicated cases of acute bronchitis, considering factors such as the cost of antibiotics, the increasing global concern of antibiotic resistance, and the potential side effects associated with antibiotic usage. […] Antiviral treatment should be considered for influenza infection.

• #1 Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Bronchitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1201/p1345.html

  The following medicines should not be used to manage bronchitis-related symptoms: Expectorants. […] Because of the risk of antibiotic resistance and of Clostridium difficile infection in the community, antibiotics should not be routinely used in the treatment of acute bronchitis, especially in younger patients in whom pertussis is not suspected. […] Clinical data support that antibiotics do not significantly change the course of acute bronchitis, and may provide only minimal benefit compared with the risk of antibiotic use itself. […] Although antibiotics are not recommended for routine use in patients with bronchitis, they may be considered in certain situations. […] Because antibiotics are not recommended for routine treatment of bronchitis, physicians are challenged with providing symptom control as the viral syndrome progresses.

• #1 Bronchitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Antibiotics

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-treatment

  Along with bronchodilator medication and vaccines to protect you from flu and pneumonia, your doctor may suggest: Oxygen therapy. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation. […] A lung transplant. […] While there’s no cure for chronic bronchitis, treatment can improve your symptoms and reduce how many flare-ups you have. […] Over-the-counter pain relievers and cough suppressants can help relieve symptoms. […] If you have chronic bronchitis, your doctor may prescribe bronchodilator medication.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Bronchitis-Treatment.aspx

  Smoking cessation is one of the most important steps to prevent recurrent attacks of bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, complications of bronchitis like pneumonia and COPD. […] Antibiotic treatment is usually not necessary unless there is evidence of infection with bacteria. In most cases the cause of acute bronchitis is viral and antibiotics are ineffective. […] Mucolytics or mucus thinners these are prescribed in chronic bronchitis. These thinners make the mucus loose and easy to cough up. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation this is an exercise program that helps patients with chronic bronchitis and COPD in improving breathing efficiency. […] Bronchodilators these are agents that increase the diameter of the airways and facilitate breathing. Acute bronchitis patients may not require these agents. However, chronic bronchitis patients benefit from these agents.

• #1 Chronic Bronchitis | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/chronic-bronchitis

  UCSF offers comprehensive evaluations and care for all types of COPD. When treating chronic bronchitis, we aim to ease symptoms, slow progression of the disease and prevent complications. […] Treatment options include medications, supplemental oxygen and, for some patients, surgery to remove small portions of damaged lung. […] The goal of therapy for chronic bronchitis is to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and slow the progression of the disease. Quitting smoking is also essential for patients with chronic bronchitis, since continuing to use tobacco will only further damage the lungs. […] Treatment may include: […] Bronchodilator medications. Inhaled as aerosol sprays or taken orally, bronchodilator medications may help to relieve symptoms of chronic bronchitis by relaxing and opening the air passages in the lungs.

• #1 Chronic Bronchitis | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/chronic-bronchitis

  Steroids. Inhaled as an aerosol spray, steroids can help relieve symptoms of chronic bronchitis. […] Antibiotics. Antibiotics may be used to help fight respiratory infections common in people with chronic bronchitis. […] Vaccines. Patients with chronic bronchitis should receive a flu shot annually and pneumonia shot every five to seven years to prevent infections. […] Oxygen therapy. As a patient’s disease progresses, they may find it increasingly difficult to breathe on their own and may require supplemental oxygen. […] Surgery. Lung volume reduction surgery, during which small wedges of damaged lung tissue are removed, may be recommended for some patients with chronic bronchitis. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation. An important part of chronic bronchitis treatment is pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes education, nutrition counseling, learning special breathing techniques, help with quitting smoking and starting an exercise regimen.

• #1 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are helpful in treating constitutional symptoms of acute bronchitis, including mild-to-moderate pain. Albuterol and guaifenesin products treat cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. […] In patients with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), treatment with mucolytics has been associated with a small reduction in acute exacerbations and a reduction in the total number of days of disability. This benefit may be greater in individuals who have frequent or prolonged exacerbations. […] PDE-4 inhibitors (eg, roflumilast) may decrease COPD exacerbations in patients with concomitant chronic bronchitis by decreasing mucus secretions. […] Among otherwise healthy individuals, antibiotics have not demonstrated any consistent benefit in the symptomatology or natural history of acute bronchitis.

• #1 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Also based on 2006 ACCP guidelines, therapy with short-acting beta-agonists ipratropium bromide and theophylline can be used to control symptoms such as bronchospasm, dyspnea, and chronic cough in stable patients with chronic bronchitis. For this group, treatment with a long-acting beta-agonist, when coupled with an inhaled corticosteroid, can be offered to control chronic cough. […] For patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, therapy with short-acting agonists or anticholinergic bronchodilators should be administered during the acute exacerbation. In addition, a short course of systemic corticosteroid therapy may be given and has been proven to be effective. […] In acute bronchitis, treatment with beta2-agonist bronchodilators may be useful in patients who have associated wheezing with cough and underlying lung disease. Little evidence indicates that the routine use of beta2-agonists is otherwise helpful in adults with acute cough.

• #1 Bronchitis: Breathing Easier Through Treatment and Management

  https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/bronchitis-breathing-easier-through-treatment-and-management

  Results from some studies suggest that treatment with mucolytics has been associated with a small decrease in acute exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. […] The use of antibiotics may be needed for chronic bronchitis exacerbations caused by bacterial infections; the mostly commonly used antibiotics include macrolides, quinolones, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. […] Some studies have concluded that the most effective measures for managing chronic bronchitis are smoking cessation and avoidance of irritants, especially tobacco fumes. […] Some patients with chronic bronchitis may require pulmonary rehabilitation (in which the patient is taught exercises and other ways to ease breathing), supplemental oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, getting plenty of rest, and avoiding irritants such as aerosol sprays, dust, and chemicals.

• #1 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom recommends not treating acute bronchitis with antibiotics unless a risk of serious complications exists because of comorbid conditions. […] The American College of Physicians (ACP) guidelines on the appropriate use of short-course antibiotics include a recommendation that antibiotic treatment should be limited to 5 days in patients with COPD exacerbations and acute uncomplicated bronchitis who have clinical signs of a bacterial infection. […] In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the use of antibiotics is recommended. Trials have shown that antibiotics improve clinical outcomes in such cases, including a reduction in mortality. […] The influenza vaccine may reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and, subsequently, reduce the incidence of acute bacterial bronchitis.

• #1 Chronic Bronchitis | Symptoms of Bronchitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html

  Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). […] There is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. […] Treatments include: […] Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis. […] Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. […] Oxygen therapy, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. […] A lung transplant, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines. […] Since smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke.

• #1 Bronchitis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bronchitis

  Treatment includes medications, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation […] For chronic bronchitis, treatments may alleviate symptoms or slow the course of the disease, but there is no cure for the condition. Many people with chronic bronchitis find relief with treatment. […] Because viruses cause most cases of acute bronchitis, treatment is not usually required. Your doctor may recommend that you care for yourself the same way that you would if you had a bad cold: […] In some cases, you may be prescribed antiviral medication for acute bronchitis. If it is caused by bacteria, you will be prescribed a course of antibiotics. […] For chronic bronchitis, different treatments may help to manage symptoms, including: […] Doctors may also recommend pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic bronchitis, a supervised activity that includes education about lung health, in addition to exercise.

• #1 Bronchitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-overview

  Among otherwise healthy individuals, antibiotics have not demonstrated any consistent benefit in acute bronchitis. The following recommendations have been made with respect to treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics: Acute bronchitis should not be treated with antibiotics unless comorbid conditions pose a risk of serious complications; Antibiotic therapy is recommended in elderly (65 years) patients with acute cough if they have had a hospitalization in the past year, have diabetes mellitus or congestive heart failure, or are receiving steroids; Antibiotic therapy is recommended in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. […] In stable patients with chronic bronchitis, long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics is not indicated. […] Influenza vaccination may reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and, subsequently, reduce the incidence of acute bacterial bronchitis. It may be less effective in preventing illness than in preventing serious complications and death.

• #1 How to Treat Bronchitis: 10 Home Remedies and More Options

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-bronchitis

  Ways of treating acute bronchitis at home include inhaling steam, consuming ginger and turmeric, gargling with salt water, and getting plenty of sleep. Some people, however, may need medical treatment. […] Chronic bronchitis will need medical attention, but home remedies may help manage the symptoms. […] Garlic can be used as a natural remedy for bronchitis. […] A 2018 study found that turmeric has a number of properties that could make it useful in fighting bronchitis. Among these are antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. […] A steam inhalation can help break up mucus so you can expel it more easily. […] Gargling saltwater may help break up mucus and reduce pain in your throat. […] Getting plenty of sleep will allow your body to rest and recover. […] Natural options for treating bronchitis include things you may already have at home, such as ginger, garlic, turmeric, breathing steam, gargling salt water, honey and lemons, pineapple, and thyme.

• #1 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Primary care providers can usually treat acute bronchitis unless severe complications occur or the patient has underlying pulmonary disease or immunodeficiency. […] Routine follow-up care is usually not necessary. If symptoms worsen (eg, shortness of breath, high fever, vomiting, persistent cough), consider an alternative diagnosis. If symptoms recur (3 episodes/y), further investigation is recommended. If symptoms persist beyond 1 month, reassess patient for other causes of cough.

• #1 Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3993-bronchitis

  Yes, acute bronchitis usually goes away on its own. Its almost always caused by a virus, and you cant get rid of most viruses with medicine. You can treat the symptoms at home while you wait for the inflammation to go down. […] Chronic bronchitis usually doesn’t go away completely, but can get better with treatment.

• #1 Chronic Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24645-chronic-bronchitis

  As having chronic bronchitis can make you susceptible to getting sick frequently, your provider might give you antibiotics to take when they think you have an infection. […] Chronic bronchitis usually can’t be cured, but your symptoms can improve with treatment. Treatment can improve your quality of life and sometimes keep your condition from getting worse. […] The best way to take care of yourself is to develop a treatment plan with your provider based on your specific condition. […] Talk to a healthcare provider if you think you have chronic bronchitis. Getting on a treatment plan as soon as possible can slow down its progression and improve your quality of life.

• #2 Bronchitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Antibiotics

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-treatment

  Bronchitis treatment may require medications such as cough suppressants or inhalers. In more serious cases, you might need further treatment, such as oxygen therapy. […] Chronic bronchitis treatment usually involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. […] If you do need medicine for bronchitis, your doctor might recommend one or more of these to ease your symptoms: Over-the-counter pain relievers. […] Cough suppressants. Your doctor will only suggest these if you’re not bringing up mucus anymore. […] Antiviral medicine. Your doctor might prescribe this if the flu is causing your bronchitis. […] Bronchodilators. These medications relax the muscles surrounding your airways, which helps open them. […] Most bronchodilators are taken in an inhaler. […] If you have chronic bronchitis, the most important step is to make lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding secondhand smoke, and getting regular exercise.

• #2 Acute Bronchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448067/

  Acute bronchitis ranks among the top 10 most common outpatient illnesses in the United States, affecting approximately 5% of adults annually. […] This activity provides healthcare professionals with the latest insights and evidence-based approaches to enhance their competence in diagnosing and managing acute bronchitis, ultimately improving patient outcomes and healthcare team performance. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines and treatment options for acute bronchitis, emphasizing nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions as needed. […] Acute bronchitis is typically a self-limiting condition, and its treatment primarily revolves around providing symptomatic and supportive therapy. […] For alleviating cough, both nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches can be considered.

• #2 Bronchitis Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | UPMC

  https://www.upmc.com/services/primary-care/conditions/bronchitis

  A viral infection is often the cause. It usually resolves within 10 days. […] But chronic bronchitis treatments and lifestyle changes slow the disease and help people manage symptoms. […] For acute bronchitis, we provide advice, reassurance, and treatment if needed. […] For chronic bronchitis, we offer treatments to slow the disease, support for lifestyle changes, and close monitoring. […] Most cases of acute bronchitis don’t require medicine. […] Doctors don’t advise antibiotics because they’re ineffective on viruses almost always the cause of acute bronchitis. […] Chronic bronchitis requires lifestyle changes, especially quitting smoking. […] You’ll need to take chronic bronchitis medications, too. […] Treatments include: bronchitis medications to open up your bronchial tubes, steroids to reduce inflammation, supplemental oxygen (concentrated oxygen you breathe in through a machine).

• #2 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are helpful in treating constitutional symptoms of acute bronchitis, including mild-to-moderate pain. Albuterol and guaifenesin products treat cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. […] In patients with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), treatment with mucolytics has been associated with a small reduction in acute exacerbations and a reduction in the total number of days of disability. This benefit may be greater in individuals who have frequent or prolonged exacerbations. […] PDE-4 inhibitors (eg, roflumilast) may decrease COPD exacerbations in patients with concomitant chronic bronchitis by decreasing mucus secretions. […] Among otherwise healthy individuals, antibiotics have not demonstrated any consistent benefit in the symptomatology or natural history of acute bronchitis.

• #2 Bronchitis (Acute and Chronic): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-basics

  Most of the time, acute bronchitis goes away on its own within a couple of weeks. […] If yours is caused by bacteria (which is rare), your doctor may give you antibiotics. If you have asthma or allergies, or if you’re wheezing, they might suggest an inhaler. This helps open your airways and makes it easier to breathe. […] To ease your acute bronchitis symptoms, you can: Drink a lot of water. About 8-12 glasses a day can help thin out your mucus, making it easier to cough it up. Get plenty of rest. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. Aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen treat pain. But avoid giving aspirin to children. You can use acetaminophen to treat both pain and fever. Use a humidifier or steam. A hot shower can be great for loosening mucus. Take over-the-counter cough medicines. You might take a medicine such as guaifenesin during the day to loosen your mucus so it’s easier to cough up. Your doctor will call this an expectorant. Check with your pediatrician before giving any cough medicine to children.

• #2 Bronchitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-overview

  Bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air passages that extend from the trachea into the small airways and alveoli. It is one of the top conditions for which patients seek medical care. […] Therapy is generally focused on alleviation of symptoms. Care for acute bronchitis is primarily supportive. Care for chronic bronchitis includes avoidance of environmental irritants. […] Agents employed for symptomatic treatment include the following: Central cough suppressants (eg, codeine and dextromethorphan) Short-term symptomatic relief of coughing in acute and chronic bronchitis; Bronchodilators (eg, ipratropium bromide and theophylline) Control of bronchospasm, dyspnea, and chronic cough in stable patients with chronic bronchitis; a long-acting beta-agonist plus an inhaled corticosteroid can also be offered to control chronic cough; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Treatment of constitutional symptoms of acute bronchitis, including mild-to-moderate pain; Antitussives/expectorants (eg, guaifenesin) Treatment of cough, dyspnea, and wheezing; Mucolytics Management of moderate-to-severe COPD, especially in winter.

• #2 Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Bronchitis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1201/p1345.html

  Cough is the most common symptom bringing patients to the primary care physician’s office, and acute bronchitis is usually the diagnosis in these patients. […] Antibiotics are generally not indicated for bronchitis, and should be used only if pertussis is suspected to reduce transmission or if the patient is at increased risk of developing pneumonia (e.g., patients 65 years or older). […] The typical therapies for managing acute bronchitis symptoms have been shown to be ineffective, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends against using cough and cold preparations in children younger than six years. […] Clinical recommendation: Antibiotics should not be used routinely for the treatment of acute bronchitis. […] The following therapies may be considered to manage bronchitis-related symptoms: Antitussives (dextromethorphan, codeine, hydrocodone) in patients six years and older.

• #2 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  Also based on 2006 ACCP guidelines, therapy with short-acting beta-agonists ipratropium bromide and theophylline can be used to control symptoms such as bronchospasm, dyspnea, and chronic cough in stable patients with chronic bronchitis. For this group, treatment with a long-acting beta-agonist, when coupled with an inhaled corticosteroid, can be offered to control chronic cough. […] For patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, therapy with short-acting agonists or anticholinergic bronchodilators should be administered during the acute exacerbation. In addition, a short course of systemic corticosteroid therapy may be given and has been proven to be effective. […] In acute bronchitis, treatment with beta2-agonist bronchodilators may be useful in patients who have associated wheezing with cough and underlying lung disease. Little evidence indicates that the routine use of beta2-agonists is otherwise helpful in adults with acute cough.

• #2 Bronchitis | Asthma and Respiratory

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/bronchitis

  Cough suppressants may provide some relief from a bronchitis cough. If you have a lot of mucus buildup, medicines containing dextromethorphan or guaifenesin can help thin it out. […] There are no medications that specifically treat bronchitis. If you also have the flu or COVID-19, your provider may prescribe an anti-viral medication to treat that infection. In some cases, corticosteroids or an inhaler may help reduce inflammation in your airways.

• #2 Bronchitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Symptomatic Treatment, Antibiotic Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-treatment

  The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom recommends not treating acute bronchitis with antibiotics unless a risk of serious complications exists because of comorbid conditions. […] The American College of Physicians (ACP) guidelines on the appropriate use of short-course antibiotics include a recommendation that antibiotic treatment should be limited to 5 days in patients with COPD exacerbations and acute uncomplicated bronchitis who have clinical signs of a bacterial infection. […] In patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the use of antibiotics is recommended. Trials have shown that antibiotics improve clinical outcomes in such cases, including a reduction in mortality. […] The influenza vaccine may reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and, subsequently, reduce the incidence of acute bacterial bronchitis.

• #2 Bronchitis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-overview

  Among otherwise healthy individuals, antibiotics have not demonstrated any consistent benefit in acute bronchitis. The following recommendations have been made with respect to treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics: Acute bronchitis should not be treated with antibiotics unless comorbid conditions pose a risk of serious complications; Antibiotic therapy is recommended in elderly (65 years) patients with acute cough if they have had a hospitalization in the past year, have diabetes mellitus or congestive heart failure, or are receiving steroids; Antibiotic therapy is recommended in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. […] In stable patients with chronic bronchitis, long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics is not indicated. […] Influenza vaccination may reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections and, subsequently, reduce the incidence of acute bacterial bronchitis. It may be less effective in preventing illness than in preventing serious complications and death.

• #2 Acute bronchitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001087.htm

  Most people DO NOT need antibiotics for acute bronchitis caused by a virus. The infection will almost always go away on its own within 1 week, though a mild cough may persist for up to 3 weeks. Doing these things may help you feel better: Drink plenty of fluids. If you have asthma or another chronic lung condition, use your inhaler. Get plenty of rest. Take aspirin or acetaminophen if you have a fever. DO NOT give aspirin to people under age 18. Breathe moist air by using a humidifier or steaming up the bathroom. […] If your symptoms do not improve or if you are wheezing, your provider may prescribe an inhaler to open your airways. […] If your provider thinks you also have bacteria in your airways, they may prescribe antibiotics. This medicine will only get rid of bacteria, not viruses. […] Your provider may also prescribe corticosteroid medicine to reduce swelling in your lungs. […] If you have influenza and it is caught in the first 48 hours after getting sick, your provider might also prescribe antiviral medicine.

• #2 Bronchitis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bronchitis

  Treatment includes medications, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation […] For chronic bronchitis, treatments may alleviate symptoms or slow the course of the disease, but there is no cure for the condition. Many people with chronic bronchitis find relief with treatment. […] Because viruses cause most cases of acute bronchitis, treatment is not usually required. Your doctor may recommend that you care for yourself the same way that you would if you had a bad cold: […] In some cases, you may be prescribed antiviral medication for acute bronchitis. If it is caused by bacteria, you will be prescribed a course of antibiotics. […] For chronic bronchitis, different treatments may help to manage symptoms, including: […] Doctors may also recommend pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic bronchitis, a supervised activity that includes education about lung health, in addition to exercise.

• #2 Chronic Bronchitis | Symptoms of Bronchitis | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chronicbronchitis.html

  Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). […] There is no cure for chronic bronchitis. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. […] Treatments include: […] Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat chronic bronchitis. […] Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. […] Oxygen therapy, if you have severe chronic bronchitis and low levels of oxygen in your blood. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. […] A lung transplant, as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines. […] Since smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke.

• #2 Chronic Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24645-chronic-bronchitis

  Chronic bronchitis never really goes away but can be managed with treatment. […] Chronic bronchitis/COPD treatment focuses on managing symptoms. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, your provider might suggest many types of therapy, including: […] Smoking cessation. If you smoke, quitting can help you breathe better and keep chronic bronchitis from getting worse. […] Bronchodilators are medicines that help open your airways. You usually use an inhaler to take them. […] Your doctor might prescribe corticosteroids in an inhaler or as a pill to reduce inflammation. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation teaches you exercises and other strategies to help you breathe better and improve your quality of life. […] If chronic bronchitis is severe, you may not be getting enough oxygen. Oxygen therapy delivers extra oxygen through a mask on your face or a tube in your nose.

• #2 Bronchitis: Breathing Easier Through Treatment and Management

  https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/bronchitis-breathing-easier-through-treatment-and-management

  Results from some studies suggest that treatment with mucolytics has been associated with a small decrease in acute exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. […] The use of antibiotics may be needed for chronic bronchitis exacerbations caused by bacterial infections; the mostly commonly used antibiotics include macrolides, quinolones, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. […] Some studies have concluded that the most effective measures for managing chronic bronchitis are smoking cessation and avoidance of irritants, especially tobacco fumes. […] Some patients with chronic bronchitis may require pulmonary rehabilitation (in which the patient is taught exercises and other ways to ease breathing), supplemental oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking, getting plenty of rest, and avoiding irritants such as aerosol sprays, dust, and chemicals.

• #2 Bronchitis: Breathing Easier Through Treatment and Management

  https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/bronchitis-breathing-easier-through-treatment-and-management

  For patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, a short course of systemic corticosteroid therapy is sometimes administered; studies report positive results. […] An inhaled corticosteroid may provide symptom relief in some patients. […] These anti-inflammatory drugs are used for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They have been shown to decrease exacerbations, relieve dyspnea, and improve lung function. […] Occasionally, antibiotics are used to treat chronic bronchitis exacerbations caused by bacterial infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often the choice.

• #2 Chronic Bronchitis | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/chronic-bronchitis

  Steroids. Inhaled as an aerosol spray, steroids can help relieve symptoms of chronic bronchitis. […] Antibiotics. Antibiotics may be used to help fight respiratory infections common in people with chronic bronchitis. […] Vaccines. Patients with chronic bronchitis should receive a flu shot annually and pneumonia shot every five to seven years to prevent infections. […] Oxygen therapy. As a patient’s disease progresses, they may find it increasingly difficult to breathe on their own and may require supplemental oxygen. […] Surgery. Lung volume reduction surgery, during which small wedges of damaged lung tissue are removed, may be recommended for some patients with chronic bronchitis. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation. An important part of chronic bronchitis treatment is pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes education, nutrition counseling, learning special breathing techniques, help with quitting smoking and starting an exercise regimen.

• #2 12 Home Remedies for Bronchitis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/home-remedies-for-bronchitis-5176163

  Home remedies for bronchitis may provide some symptom relief as airway passages in the lungs become swollen and start producing mucus. […] Inhaling steam or trying tea with honey may help but are not a cure for bronchitis or substitute for medical treatment. […] Treatment may involve home remedies along with your healthcare provider’s ongoing intervention. […] You can use a humidifier or steam vaporizer or breathe vapors from a pot of simmering water, as well as steam in the shower. Using a humidifier in your home adds moisture to the air, which is soothing to your airways and can break up mucus as you breathe. […] If you have been experiencing a sore throat with a bout of bronchitis, try gargling with saltwater. […] A saline nose spray (or drops for kids) can help break up stubborn mucus and make it easier to get it out.

• #2 Acute Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/bronchitis

  Unless your symptoms are severe, theres not a lot your doctor can do to treat acute bronchitis. In most cases, treatment is largely comprised of home care. […] These steps should help relieve your symptoms as you get better. […] Take OTC nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), which may soothe your sore throat. […] Get a humidifier to create moisture in the air. This can help loosen mucus in your nasal passages and chest, making it easier to breathe. […] Drink plenty of liquids, such as water or tea, to thin out mucus. This makes it easier to cough it up or blow it out through your nose. […] Add ginger to tea or hot water. Ginger is a natural anti-inflammatory that can relieve irritated and inflamed bronchial tubes. […] Consume dark honey to soothe your cough. Honey also soothes your throat and has antiviral and antibacterial properties.

• #2 12 Home Remedies for Bronchitis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/home-remedies-for-bronchitis-5176163

  Ginger can reduce the inflammation, helping to ease the cough. […] Research suggests garlic offers anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune system benefits. […] There’s some evidence to suggest that boosting vitamin C levels can relieve upper respiratory symptoms of fever, body aches, and chest pain common with bronchitis. […] Zinc is a mineral with properties that support immune function and reduce inflammation in the respiratory tract. […] Echinacea purpurea, commonly known as the purple coneflower, is touted as a home remedy for bronchitis and its respiratory symptoms. […] Rest is essential to recovery since most cases of bronchitis are viral and do not respond to antibiotics. […] Following rest, drinking plenty of fluids is also important. […] Studies have found that honey can help with bronchitis symptoms.

• #2 Bronchitis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bronchitis

  There is no cure for chronic bronchitis; however, treatments are available to minimize symptoms. […] The Yale Winchester Center for Lung Disease has many programs that help manage both acute and chronic bronchitis, says Ashley Losier, MD, a Yale Medicine pulmonologist and critical care specialist.

• #2 Chronic Bronchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24645-chronic-bronchitis

  As having chronic bronchitis can make you susceptible to getting sick frequently, your provider might give you antibiotics to take when they think you have an infection. […] Chronic bronchitis usually can’t be cured, but your symptoms can improve with treatment. Treatment can improve your quality of life and sometimes keep your condition from getting worse. […] The best way to take care of yourself is to develop a treatment plan with your provider based on your specific condition. […] Talk to a healthcare provider if you think you have chronic bronchitis. Getting on a treatment plan as soon as possible can slow down its progression and improve your quality of life.

• #3 Bronchitis (Acute and Chronic): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/understanding-bronchitis-basics

  Chronic bronchitis treatments target your symptoms and include: Medications such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and bronchodilators to open your airways, a mucus-clearing device to help you cough up fluid more easily, oxygen therapy so you can breathe better, pulmonary rehab, an exercise program that can help you breathe more easily and exercise more, mucolytics, which are medicines you inhale or take orally to loosen mucus.

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