Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: What Patients Need to Know | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/adult-congenital-heart-disease-what-patients-need-know

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects; it can vary drastically in terms of symptoms and prognosis. […] For more than 70 years, Texas Children’s Heart Center has combined cutting-edge technology with a compassionate and family-centered approach to care. […] With patients like Izzy, the amazing advances that have occurred over the past 80 years — surgical, medical and technological advances — have not only expanded the treatment options but have dramatically improved the outcomes. […] It is estimated that between 1.5 to 2 million adults in the United States have CHD. […] In response to this demand, Texas Children’s opened a first-of-its-kind dedicated floor designed for patients with ACHD. […] Members of the ACH team at Texas Children’s advise patients like Izzy on health and lifestyle choices for adult needs, including physical challenges, exercise options and family planning.

• #2 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/clinics/adult-congenital-heart-disease-clinic

  Thanks to advances in both surgical treatments and medications, more and more children born with heart defects are surviving to adulthood. […] The UCSF Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic offers comprehensive care that includes early detection of problems, treatment to prevent complications and surgical repair of defects. […] For others, treatment ranges from medication to surgery, including heart and lung transplants. […] At our clinic, experts who specialize in treating adults with congenital heart disease work with heart surgeons, pediatric heart specialists, diagnostic specialists and other health professionals to provide quality care for even the rarest defects. […] If you’re pregnant or considering pregnancy, our Cardio-Obstetrics team provides specialized prenatal and preconception care for women with heart disease.

• #3 Pharmacological therapy in adult congenital heart disease: growing need, yet limited evidence – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137263/

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common inborn defect. Due to advances in paediatric care, surgical, and catheter procedures the number of adults with CHD has grown remarkably in recent years. Most of these patients, however, have residua from their original operation/s and require life-long care, many of them are subjected to further haemodynamic and electrophysiological interventions during adulthood. […] While such re-do surgical or catheter interventions together with device therapy and transplantation play a key therapeutic role, increasingly, adults with CHD require drug therapy for late complications namely heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, pulmonary and systemic hypertension, thromboembolic events, etc. Unlike other cardiovascular areas, drug therapy in adult CHD is based on scarce clinical data and remains largely empiric. Consequently, pharmacological therapies are individualized to ameliorate patients’ symptoms and/or degree of haemodynamic impairment. Thus far, recommendations have been difficult to make and formalized guidelines on drug therapy are lacking. We review herewith the rationale, limited evidence and knowledge gaps regarding drug therapy in this growing cardiovascular field and discuss pharmacotherapy options in specific conditions namely HF, arrhythmias, thrombosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, contraception, and pregnancy.

• #4 Treatment Options for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Knight Cardiovascular Institute | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cardiovascular-institute/treatment-options-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Everyone with adult congenital heart disease, or ACHD, needs regular checkups. Even if your problem was treated when you were a child, you need to see a cardiologist (heart doctor). How often you need to return to the cardiologist depends on your condition. Most patients will need to be seen every 1 or 2 years. The doctor will check your heart health and look for any problems. […] This can help you stay healthy even if your heart does not work perfectly. You might need medication to lower your blood pressure, help your heart muscle work better, prevent blood clots or fix an irregular heartbeat. […] You might need a pacemaker to keep your heart beating in a normal rhythm. Or you might need a device called an „implantable cardioverter defibrillator” to get your heart back to normal quickly if it beats irregularly.

• #5 Congenital heart disease in adults – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355461

  If catheter treatment can’t fix congenital heart disease, open-heart surgery may be needed. […] If a serious heart condition can’t be treated, a heart transplant might be needed. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. Ideally, a doctor trained in treating adults with congenital heart disease should manage your care. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist. […] Follow-up care may include blood and imaging tests to check for complications. How often you need health checkups depends on whether your congenital heart disease is mild or complex.

• #6 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  The University of Chicago Medicine knows that treating congenital heart disease in adults is not one-size-fits-all. Creating the best treatment plan for you will depend on a variety of factors, including the severity of your congenital heart defect(s) and any preexisting heart conditions you have. […] We understand that treating congenital heart disease requires a life-long partnership between you and your healthcare team. For conditions that have no symptoms, ongoing check-ups are critical to identify any health concerns early so we can create a treatment plan as quickly as possible. […] Medication can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutics to treat and/or maintain conditions such as stroke, heart attack, infections and arrhythmias with blood thinners, antibiotics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and more.

• #7 Congenital heart disease in adults – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355461

  If catheter treatment can’t fix congenital heart disease, open-heart surgery may be needed. […] If a serious heart condition can’t be treated, a heart transplant might be needed. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. Ideally, a doctor trained in treating adults with congenital heart disease should manage your care. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist. […] Follow-up care may include blood and imaging tests to check for complications. How often you need health checkups depends on whether your congenital heart disease is mild or complex.

• #8 Adult Congenital Heart Disease – Los Angeles, CA | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/achd

  Our physicians research and study new treatments for ACHD. They prioritize studies that can quickly translate into care improvements, so you always receive leading-edge treatment. Eligible patients may have access to promising new therapies through participation in clinical trials. […] Even if you have a heart defect that is repaired or treated in childhood, you’ll need lifelong follow-up care to prevent other health complications. Adults with CHD have a higher risk of irregular heart rhythms, heart infections and heart muscle weakness. […] Our team provides full-spectrum care to help adults manage congenital heart disease. Depending on your diagnosis and the severity of your symptoms, your treatment may include: […] Patients may need routine imaging to ensure the heart is working properly. We may use echocardiograms (Echo) to evaluate the heart’s structures and blood flow. Or, we may use electrocardiograms (EKGs) to assess the heart’s electrical activity.

• #9 Pharmacological therapy in adult congenital heart disease: growing need, yet limited evidence – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30137263/

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common inborn defect. Due to advances in paediatric care, surgical, and catheter procedures the number of adults with CHD has grown remarkably in recent years. Most of these patients, however, have residua from their original operation/s and require life-long care, many of them are subjected to further haemodynamic and electrophysiological interventions during adulthood. […] While such re-do surgical or catheter interventions together with device therapy and transplantation play a key therapeutic role, increasingly, adults with CHD require drug therapy for late complications namely heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, pulmonary and systemic hypertension, thromboembolic events, etc. Unlike other cardiovascular areas, drug therapy in adult CHD is based on scarce clinical data and remains largely empiric. Consequently, pharmacological therapies are individualized to ameliorate patients’ symptoms and/or degree of haemodynamic impairment. Thus far, recommendations have been difficult to make and formalized guidelines on drug therapy are lacking. We review herewith the rationale, limited evidence and knowledge gaps regarding drug therapy in this growing cardiovascular field and discuss pharmacotherapy options in specific conditions namely HF, arrhythmias, thrombosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, contraception, and pregnancy.

• #10 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  The University of Chicago Medicine knows that treating congenital heart disease in adults is not one-size-fits-all. Creating the best treatment plan for you will depend on a variety of factors, including the severity of your congenital heart defect(s) and any preexisting heart conditions you have. […] We understand that treating congenital heart disease requires a life-long partnership between you and your healthcare team. For conditions that have no symptoms, ongoing check-ups are critical to identify any health concerns early so we can create a treatment plan as quickly as possible. […] Medication can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutics to treat and/or maintain conditions such as stroke, heart attack, infections and arrhythmias with blood thinners, antibiotics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and more.

• #11 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Specialists at our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program sometimes prescribe medications to manage symptoms caused by adult congenital heart disease. These medications can help regulate abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias, and manage heart failure, in which the heart doesnt pump enough blood to the body. […] Antiarrhythmic medications can control the electrical activity of the heart, helping it to beat regularly in people with arrhythmias. […] If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe an anticoagulant medication to prevent clots from forming and traveling to the brain, which can lead to a stroke. […] Doctors may recommend antiplatelet medications such as aspirin, particularly for people who have bleeding gums and others who cant tolerate the side effects of anticoagulants.

• #12 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Specialists at our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program sometimes prescribe medications to manage symptoms caused by adult congenital heart disease. These medications can help regulate abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias, and manage heart failure, in which the heart doesnt pump enough blood to the body. […] Antiarrhythmic medications can control the electrical activity of the heart, helping it to beat regularly in people with arrhythmias. […] If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe an anticoagulant medication to prevent clots from forming and traveling to the brain, which can lead to a stroke. […] Doctors may recommend antiplatelet medications such as aspirin, particularly for people who have bleeding gums and others who cant tolerate the side effects of anticoagulants.

• #13 Medical treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease: updated and extended results from the International COMPERA-CHD Registry – Kaemmerer – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/76762/html

  In the 674 patients who had at least one follow-up visit after enrollment in COMPERA-CHD, therapy shifted in favor of combination therapy (53%). […] It is noteworthy that a large proportion of the included patients received supplementary drug treatment in addition to targeted PAH medication; preferably diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors or AT blockers, digitalis, or class III antiarrhythmics. […] The COMPERA-CHD data also reflect the fact that in Eisenmenger syndrome, oral anticoagulants are currently restricted to specific indications in patients without significant hemoptysis: the vast majority of PAH-CHD patients (53.6%) did not receive anticoagulants. […] Based on real-world data from the international COMPERA-CHD registry, our updated analysis provides a comprehensive overview about current management modalities and treatment concepts for PAH-CHD patients.

• #14 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat an infection. This is because people with ventricular septal defects are at an increased risk for an infection called endocarditis. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder that causes your heart to beat too quickly, your doctor may prescribe a beta blocker. […] Diuretics may be prescribed for people with heart failure, which can cause fluids to build up in the body. […] If youre experiencing heart failure, your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.

• #15 Congenital heart disease in adults – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20355456

  Infection of the lining of the heart and heart valves, called endocarditis. Untreated, this infection can damage or destroy the heart valves or cause a stroke. Antibiotics may be recommended before dental care to prevent this infection. Regular dental checkups are important. Healthy gums and teeth reduce the risk of endocarditis. […] Stroke. Congenital heart disease can let a blood clot pass through the heart and travel to the brain, causing a stroke. […] High blood pressure in the lung arteries, called pulmonary hypertension. Some heart conditions present at birth send more blood to the lungs, causing pressure to build. This eventually causes the heart muscle to weaken and sometimes to fail. […] Heart failure. The heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

• #16 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat an infection. This is because people with ventricular septal defects are at an increased risk for an infection called endocarditis. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder that causes your heart to beat too quickly, your doctor may prescribe a beta blocker. […] Diuretics may be prescribed for people with heart failure, which can cause fluids to build up in the body. […] If youre experiencing heart failure, your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.

• #17 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat an infection. This is because people with ventricular septal defects are at an increased risk for an infection called endocarditis. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder that causes your heart to beat too quickly, your doctor may prescribe a beta blocker. […] Diuretics may be prescribed for people with heart failure, which can cause fluids to build up in the body. […] If youre experiencing heart failure, your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.

• #18 Medication for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/treatments/medication-for-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat an infection. This is because people with ventricular septal defects are at an increased risk for an infection called endocarditis. […] If you have a heart rhythm disorder that causes your heart to beat too quickly, your doctor may prescribe a beta blocker. […] Diuretics may be prescribed for people with heart failure, which can cause fluids to build up in the body. […] If youre experiencing heart failure, your doctor may prescribe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or ACE inhibitors. […] Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax blood vessels to reduce blood pressure.

• #19 Medical Therapy for Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11294834/

  There is an increasing recognition of heart failure among adults with congenital heart disease as a result of the advancements in medical, interventional, and surgical care. […] Medical therapy, including pharmacologic and device therapies, have been used for the treatment of heart failure. […] This review aims to present the mechanisms of HF and medical therapies for the treatment of acute and chronic HF in ACHD patients. […] Goal-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is focused on treatment of neurohormonal pathways established in those patients with acquired heart disease, such as appropriate use of beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEI] or angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB] as tolerated), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, diuretics, and combined hydralazine and nitrates.

• #20 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/congenital-heart-disease

  We also offer a variety of treatments for pulmonary hypertension. We can provide these treatments orally, through inhalation, intravenously, or subcutaneously (injection beneath the skin), depending on your condition and preference. […] At Mount Sinai, we provide a team to meet all your needs. The team includes your cardiologist, gynecologist, maternal fetal medicine consultant, and primary care doctor. […] We fully expect our patients with congenital heart defects to survive to adulthood, have a family, and lead a full adult life. To help you achieve this, we provide comprehensive care for you and your fetus during pregnancy. […] We can provide comprehensive assessment and care. […] Our program serves patients who are at least 15 years old. We begin transitioning patients to an adult congenital heart disease specialist while they are still seeing their pediatric doctor. […] The transition process can take several visits. […] Young adults will take control of all health-related decisions and will sign all consent forms.

• #21 Medical treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease: updated and extended results from the International COMPERA-CHD Registry – Kaemmerer – Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy

  https://cdt.amegroups.org/article/view/76762/html

  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is common in congenital heart disease (CHD). […] The aim of the current study was to evaluate and update data on targeted pharmacological management of patients with CHD and PVD from the COMPERA registry, which enrolls patients with all forms of PH. […] Analyzing real life data from the international COMPERA-CHD registry, we present a comprehensive overview about current management modalities and treatment concepts in PAH-CHD. There was a trend towards more aggressive treatment strategies and combination therapies. […] All currently available drugs for targeted PAH therapy were used in the patients with CHD included in COMPERA. […] At the time of inclusion in the COMPERA-CHD registry, treatment was predominantly monotherapy (69.3%) in the overall population.

• #22 Treatment Options for Congenital Heart Disease | SCAI – Seconds Count

  https://www.secondscount.org/treatment/treatment-options-congenital-heart-disease

  Treatment options vary greatly depending on the type and severity of the heart defect. […] For those defects that do need to be treated, options for treatment generally consist of some combination of the following: […] People of all ages with CHD, whether the disease is present at birth or acquired later, are often treated with medication. […] In the past 25 or so years, the treatment of CHD has been revolutionized by the introduction of less-invasive procedures. […] Sometimes, open-heart surgery is necessary to repair a childs heart. […] Every CHD patient is different, and treatment is individualized for each patient.

• #23 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16891-heart-disease-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a term for conditions that affect your hearts structure. Treatment includes observation, medications, implantable devices and surgery. […] Advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved outcomes for people with ACHD. […] ACHD treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition and may include: […] Certain drugs can help your heart work better, including: […] Your provider may implant a device to control your heart rate (pacemaker) or fix an irregular heartbeat (implantable cardioverter defibrillator or ICD). […] During cardiac catheterization, your provider inserts a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel in your groin. […] Your surgeon may perform heart valve surgery to repair or replace one or more of your heart valves. […] People with life-threatening congenital heart disease may need a complete heart transplant. […] Your provider can treat ACHD with medications, implantable devices and surgery.

• #24 Adult Congenital Heart Disease – Northeast Georgia Health System

  https://www.nghs.com/heart/congenital-heart-disease

  Catheter-based treatment – For some disorders, like ASD or PFO, our Structural Heart Center can repair these conditions without necessitating surgery at all. […] Open surgical repairs along with robotic & minimally invasive surgery – At other times, surgery may offer the best and longest-lasting option for patients, ensuring great outcomes for many years to come. […] If you’re an adult living with a congenital heart disease, it’s important to have regular checkups with your doctor and to choose the best interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons for advanced expertise when it comes to matters of the heart. Georgia Heart Institute is the state’s most-forward thinking heart and vascular program, offering innovative treatment plans and the highest level of care. For patients with congenital heart disease, we offer comprehensive treatment options to help patients maintain their heart health and feel their best, focused on providing patients in our region the best outcomes while limiting pain and long recovery times.

• #25 Treating Adults with Congenital Heart Disease | Providence

  https://www.providence.org/services/heart-and-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Providence is well known for offering options and hope to patients seeking the most advanced therapies to treat congenital heart disease. The Providence Adult and Teen Congenital Heart (PATCH) Program is one of approximately 50 accredited programs in the country for adults and teens being treated for congenital heart defects. PATCH provides teenagers and young adults with support services to help them transition to adult medical care. […] We know that no two patients are the same. This is why your care team works with you to design an individualized treatment plan based specifically on your heart condition and your personal needs. Every treatment plan includes lifestyle changes to support your recovery and long-term heart health. […] Your care plan may include one or more of the following therapies: Aortic root surgery, Aortic valve repair/replacement, Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, Ablation, Radiofrequency catheter ablation, Cryoablation, Heart valve repair, replacement or valvuloplasty, Implantable cardio defibrillator (ICD), Mitral valve repair or replacement, Pacemakers, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, Peripheral angioplasty or stent, Prescription medications, Septal myectomy, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR), Tricuspid valve repair or replacement, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

• #26

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/treatment/

  Surgery to repair the abnormal tricuspid valve is usually recommended if the valve is very leaky. […] If the PDA doesn’t close with medication, the duct may be sealed with a coil or plug. […] More severe cases of pulmonary valve stenosis usually require treatment, even if they cause few or no symptoms. […] As with aortic valve stenosis, the main treatment for pulmonary valve stenosis is a balloon to the pulmonary valve (valvuloplasty). […] If your child has a larger ventricular septal defect, surgery is usually recommended to close the hole. […] Patients treated in this way with a single ventricle are complex and need lifelong specialist care. […] A heart transplant may be recommended for a small number of people but is limited by the lack of available hearts for transplantation.

• #27

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/congenital-heart-disease/treatment/

  Treatment for congenital heart disease depends on the specific defect you or your child has. […] More severe heart defects usually require surgery or catheter intervention (where a thin hollow tube is inserted into the heart via an artery) and long-term monitoring of the heart throughout adult life by a congenital heart disease specialist. […] In some cases, medications may be used to relieve symptoms or stabilise the condition before and/or after surgery or intervention. […] If treatment is required, a procedure called a balloon valvuloplasty is often the recommended treatment option in children and younger people. […] If balloon valvuloplasty is ineffective or unsuitable, it’s usually necessary to remove and replace the valve using open heart surgery. […] The main goal of treatment will be to control high blood pressure using a combination of diet, exercise and medicine.

• #28 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Treatment – NYC | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/center-interventional-vascular-therapy/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Babies born with birth defects of the heart are reaching adulthood in record numbers. […] Cardiac catheterization is an important tool not only in the evaluation of these patients, but it also presents numerous options for treatment, previously the exclusive domain of the cardiac surgeons. […] Non-surgical repairs are available for many of this simpler heart defects, and are discussed below. […] This procedure has replaced open heart surgery for many patients. […] Rather than doing open-heart surgery to replace the valve again, a new valve can be implanted through a catheter, with minimal discomfort and a 1 day hospital stay. […] As an alternative to surgical repair, some patients with coarctation of the aorta may be candidates for a cardiac catheterization procedure involving the placement of a device called a stent, a thin expandable metal tube to expand the narrowed area and keep it open. […] Closure of other birth defects including ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the lungs or in the coronary arteries.

• #29 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Treatment – NYC | Division of Cardiology

  https://www.columbiacardiology.org/patient-care/center-interventional-vascular-therapy/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Babies born with birth defects of the heart are reaching adulthood in record numbers. […] Cardiac catheterization is an important tool not only in the evaluation of these patients, but it also presents numerous options for treatment, previously the exclusive domain of the cardiac surgeons. […] Non-surgical repairs are available for many of this simpler heart defects, and are discussed below. […] This procedure has replaced open heart surgery for many patients. […] Rather than doing open-heart surgery to replace the valve again, a new valve can be implanted through a catheter, with minimal discomfort and a 1 day hospital stay. […] As an alternative to surgical repair, some patients with coarctation of the aorta may be candidates for a cardiac catheterization procedure involving the placement of a device called a stent, a thin expandable metal tube to expand the narrowed area and keep it open. […] Closure of other birth defects including ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the lungs or in the coronary arteries.

• #30 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular Care | UMass Memorial Health

  https://www.ummhealth.org/services-treatments/heart-and-vascular-care/cardiology/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  We offer advanced monitoring and the latest minimally invasive treatments for congenital heart diseases in adults. […] The Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program at UMass Memorial Health offers the expertise, support and advanced treatments you need. […] We specialize in minimally invasive therapies, which can delay or eliminate the need for multiple open-heart surgeries during your lifetime. […] At UMass Memorial, we specialize in both surgical and catheter-guided procedures for congenital heart diseases. […] Our minimally invasive procedures for adult congenital heart disease include: Alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thickened heart muscle), Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure for a hole between the upper chambers of the heart, Balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary or aortic valve stenosis, Catheter ablation for arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), Fontan repairs for single ventricle defects (heart has one working pump instead of two), Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure for an opening in the heart that doesn’t close after birth, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for aortic stenosis (narrowed aortic valve), Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) for mitral valve regurgitation (leaky mitral valve), Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) for pulmonary valve regurgitation, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure for a hole between the lower chambers of the heart.

• #31 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  Patients with blocked or narrowed arteries can often benefit from balloon angioplasty and stent placement to improve blood flow. […] A minimally invasive procedure, balloon valvuloplasty inserts a catheter through the groin to the heart, accessing the malformed valve and expanding a small balloon is to widen the valve. […] Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a specially designed catheter through the leg into the heart. […] Our congenital heart disease specialists are pioneers in the use of innovative devices to close holes in the heart without the need for surgery. […] Patients with damaged valves maybe require treatment to remove blockages, repair leaks or replace valves. […] UChicago Medicine offers the most advanced surgical options for congenital heart disease and other heart problems that require surgery.

• #32 Treating Adults with Congenital Heart Disease | Providence

  https://www.providence.org/services/heart-and-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Providence is well known for offering options and hope to patients seeking the most advanced therapies to treat congenital heart disease. The Providence Adult and Teen Congenital Heart (PATCH) Program is one of approximately 50 accredited programs in the country for adults and teens being treated for congenital heart defects. PATCH provides teenagers and young adults with support services to help them transition to adult medical care. […] We know that no two patients are the same. This is why your care team works with you to design an individualized treatment plan based specifically on your heart condition and your personal needs. Every treatment plan includes lifestyle changes to support your recovery and long-term heart health. […] Your care plan may include one or more of the following therapies: Aortic root surgery, Aortic valve repair/replacement, Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, Ablation, Radiofrequency catheter ablation, Cryoablation, Heart valve repair, replacement or valvuloplasty, Implantable cardio defibrillator (ICD), Mitral valve repair or replacement, Pacemakers, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, Peripheral angioplasty or stent, Prescription medications, Septal myectomy, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR), Tricuspid valve repair or replacement, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

• #33 Treating Adults with Congenital Heart Disease | Providence

  https://www.providence.org/services/heart-and-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Providence is well known for offering options and hope to patients seeking the most advanced therapies to treat congenital heart disease. The Providence Adult and Teen Congenital Heart (PATCH) Program is one of approximately 50 accredited programs in the country for adults and teens being treated for congenital heart defects. PATCH provides teenagers and young adults with support services to help them transition to adult medical care. […] We know that no two patients are the same. This is why your care team works with you to design an individualized treatment plan based specifically on your heart condition and your personal needs. Every treatment plan includes lifestyle changes to support your recovery and long-term heart health. […] Your care plan may include one or more of the following therapies: Aortic root surgery, Aortic valve repair/replacement, Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, Ablation, Radiofrequency catheter ablation, Cryoablation, Heart valve repair, replacement or valvuloplasty, Implantable cardio defibrillator (ICD), Mitral valve repair or replacement, Pacemakers, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, Peripheral angioplasty or stent, Prescription medications, Septal myectomy, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR), Tricuspid valve repair or replacement, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

• #34 Treatment Options for Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Knight Cardiovascular Institute | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/knight-cardiovascular-institute/treatment-options-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Everyone with adult congenital heart disease, or ACHD, needs regular checkups. Even if your problem was treated when you were a child, you need to see a cardiologist (heart doctor). How often you need to return to the cardiologist depends on your condition. Most patients will need to be seen every 1 or 2 years. The doctor will check your heart health and look for any problems. […] This can help you stay healthy even if your heart does not work perfectly. You might need medication to lower your blood pressure, help your heart muscle work better, prevent blood clots or fix an irregular heartbeat. […] You might need a pacemaker to keep your heart beating in a normal rhythm. Or you might need a device called an „implantable cardioverter defibrillator” to get your heart back to normal quickly if it beats irregularly.

• #35 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16891-heart-disease-adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is a term for conditions that affect your hearts structure. Treatment includes observation, medications, implantable devices and surgery. […] Advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved outcomes for people with ACHD. […] ACHD treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition and may include: […] Certain drugs can help your heart work better, including: […] Your provider may implant a device to control your heart rate (pacemaker) or fix an irregular heartbeat (implantable cardioverter defibrillator or ICD). […] During cardiac catheterization, your provider inserts a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel in your groin. […] Your surgeon may perform heart valve surgery to repair or replace one or more of your heart valves. […] People with life-threatening congenital heart disease may need a complete heart transplant. […] Your provider can treat ACHD with medications, implantable devices and surgery.

• #36 Congenital heart disease in adults | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/congenital-heart-disease-adults

  If catheter treatment can’t fix congenital heart disease, open-heart surgery may be needed. The type of heart surgery depends on the specific heart condition. […] If a serious heart condition can’t be treated, a heart transplant might be needed. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. Ideally, a doctor trained in treating adults with congenital heart disease should manage your care.

• #37 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Your cardiologist may prescribe medications to help your heart function better. Examples include medications to treat heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias), pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. […] We offer minimally invasive catheter-based procedures to repair heart valves and close holes in your heart. These procedures require only a small incision, so you experience faster recovery times compared with open heart surgery. […] Our experts in adult congenital arrhythmias treat complex electrical problems using leading-edge ablation techniques. We also offer pacemaker implants, including leadless and conduction system pacemakers. […] Some heart anomalies require open-chest surgery to close holes, repair structural problems or replace heart valves. We also fix previously repaired anomalies. Our cardiovascular surgeons have extensive experience repairing complex structural heart disease.

• #38 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #39 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  Patients with blocked or narrowed arteries can often benefit from balloon angioplasty and stent placement to improve blood flow. […] A minimally invasive procedure, balloon valvuloplasty inserts a catheter through the groin to the heart, accessing the malformed valve and expanding a small balloon is to widen the valve. […] Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a specially designed catheter through the leg into the heart. […] Our congenital heart disease specialists are pioneers in the use of innovative devices to close holes in the heart without the need for surgery. […] Patients with damaged valves maybe require treatment to remove blockages, repair leaks or replace valves. […] UChicago Medicine offers the most advanced surgical options for congenital heart disease and other heart problems that require surgery.

• #40 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #41 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #42 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #43 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #44 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  Congenital heart disease, a condition present at birth, is the most common birth defect. At least half of this population needs lifelong care from health care providers who are specially trained and experienced in managing congenital heart disease. […] Our program provides long-term care for patients 16 years and older who have congenital heart disease and related conditions. […] If you have a complex condition, you may benefit from this unique collaboration, which provides easy access to adult-specific subspecialty care, including adult congenital heart surgery. […] Effectively treating a congenital heart condition may require one or more surgical procedures. Some of the types of surgeries we perform include: Ross Procedure, Cone procedure, Valve sparing aortic root replacement, Pulmonary artery plasty, Repair of anomalous coronary artery (unroofing, reimplantation, aortocoronary window), Revision sternotomy after complex congenital cardiac surgery, Fontan revision, RV-PA conduit replacement, Pulmonary valve replacement, Repair of septal defects (ASD, VSD, AV canal defects), Aortic valve repair and replacement, Repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.

• #45 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  Our cardiac surgeons aim to repair malfunctioning heart valves before opting for total valve replacement. […] While robotic heart surgery is not the ideal solution for all congenital heart patients, our cardiac surgeons do perform minimally invasive procedure to repair heart damage. […] If you were born with a heart defect, you are at risk of developing heart failure in adulthood. UChicago Medicine has the skill and experience to identify and treat heart failure, and our team will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan.

• #46 Treatments for Congenital Heart Disease in Adults – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/heart-vascular/congenital-heart-disease/treatment-services

  Our cardiac surgeons aim to repair malfunctioning heart valves before opting for total valve replacement. […] While robotic heart surgery is not the ideal solution for all congenital heart patients, our cardiac surgeons do perform minimally invasive procedure to repair heart damage. […] If you were born with a heart defect, you are at risk of developing heart failure in adulthood. UChicago Medicine has the skill and experience to identify and treat heart failure, and our team will work with you to create a personalized treatment plan.

• #47 Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease at Clínic | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/congenital-heart-disease-in-adults/treatment-at-clinic

  Adult patients with congenital heart disease are a growing population due to progress and constant improvement in treatments performed in children. […] The Hospital Clnic has extensive experience in this field and offers patients a global approach that covers all available diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, with the utmost rigor and with a large group of highly specialized professionals in all aspects of the disease and your treatment. […] Currently, some 50-70 surgical interventions are performed on congenital adult patients, with a mortality of 0% from 2013-2018. Adult surgeries for Ebstein and Fontan repair, aortic valve repair, atrioventricular canal repair, and anomalous coronary births are on the increase and with excellent results. […] In several cases, minimally invasive surgery is performed without requiring a thoracotomy, less scarring and faster recovery.

• #48 Congenital heart disease in adults | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/congenital-heart-disease-adults

  If catheter treatment can’t fix congenital heart disease, open-heart surgery may be needed. The type of heart surgery depends on the specific heart condition. […] If a serious heart condition can’t be treated, a heart transplant might be needed. […] Lifelong follow-up care is important. Ideally, a doctor trained in treating adults with congenital heart disease should manage your care.

• #49 Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) | Treatment & Screening

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/patients/child/encyclopedia/defects/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Treatment for ACHD depends on how serious the heart defect is and how it affects your daily life. Treatments can range from medications to surgeries and sometimes a combination of both. Here are some common treatments: […] Medications. Doctors may prescribe medicines to manage symptoms like irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), high blood pressure or heart failure. These medications help your heart pump blood better and keep your heartbeat steady. Depending on your condition, you might take medicine for a short time or need it long term. […] Surgery or catheter-based procedures. Some people with ACHD need surgery to repair or improve their hearts structure. Some surgeries use a catheter (a thin tube) to fix the problem without needing open-heart surgery. This is less invasive and can help reduce your recovery time. […] Heart transplant. In severe cases, when the heart becomes too weak or damaged to function properly, a heart transplant might be needed. This is only done when other treatments no longer work and the heart cant pump blood effectively.

• #50 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/congenital-heart-disease-in-adults

  With improvements in care and a decrease in child mortality associated with congenital heart disease, there are an increasing number of adults with congenital heart disease. […] Over 90% of individuals who are born with congenital heart disease now survive into adulthood. As a result, the prevalence of adult congenital heart disease has increased and now by far exceeds the number of children with congenital heart disease. […] Management considerations will include: Heart failure: the development of heart failure is a common problem affecting 20-50% of the adult congenital heart disease population, and is a main cause of death. […] Heart transplantation in adults with congenital heart disease is often challenging, because of several potential problems: complex cardiac and vascular anatomy, multiple previous palliative and corrective surgeries, and effects on other organs (kidney, liver, lungs) of long-standing cardiac dysfunction or cyanosis, with frequent elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance.

• #51 Adult Congenital Heart Program | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-clinics/adult-congenital-heart-program.html

  Accreditation by the ACHA ACHD acknowledges that a center has the capability to bring high quality of care to congenital heart disease patients. […] Specialized treatments for patients with a single ventricle. […] Transcatheter ASD closure and pulmonary valve replacement. […] Surgical pulmonary valve repair for patients with tetralogy of Fallot. […] Innovative treatment options for Ebstein’s anomaly. […] Alternative therapies like ventricular assist devices for end stage heart failure. […] The Adult Congenital Heart Program at Stanford treats the full spectrum of pediatric and adult congenital heart diseases. […] Aortic valve replacement: A procedure in which a damaged aortic valve is replaced with a valve from a human or animal, or a mechanical valve. […] Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): A less invasive procedure for patients with severe aortic stenosis, using an artificial aortic valve.

• #52 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2F1000

  The multidisciplinary team of the Congenital Heart Failure and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program offers comprehensive inpatient and outpatient clinical services to adults with congenital heart disease. Our commitment to complete care includes helping patients maximize their physical, emotional, medical, and social well-being.

• #53 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  If you have adult congenital heart disease, pregnancy poses additional risks to you and your baby. Whether you can have a successful pregnancy depends on your heart function, medications, overall health and past treatments. Our maternal-fetal medicine specialists can help you understand your risks and manage your pregnancy. […] Our cardiac rehab program the first in the region helps you recover after a heart procedure. You receive care from a highly skilled team of heart, exercise, nutrition and mental health experts. Together, they work with you to improve your strength and overall health. With cardiac rehab, you may also experience better mood and less stress.

• #54 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  If you have adult congenital heart disease, pregnancy poses additional risks to you and your baby. Whether you can have a successful pregnancy depends on your heart function, medications, overall health and past treatments. Our maternal-fetal medicine specialists can help you understand your risks and manage your pregnancy. […] Our cardiac rehab program the first in the region helps you recover after a heart procedure. You receive care from a highly skilled team of heart, exercise, nutrition and mental health experts. Together, they work with you to improve your strength and overall health. With cardiac rehab, you may also experience better mood and less stress.

• #55 Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/congenital-heart-disease/adults-with-congenital-heart-disease

  Treatment options generally include: repair through open chested surgery or less invasive catheter-based procedures and devices, adopting healthy lifestyle habits upon evaluation by a cardiologist, medications to make the heart pump better or treat symptoms of heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, if you are eligible, heart transplant. […] Ongoing medical care throughout your life by providers that understand congenital heart disease is critical. […] People with most types of congenital heart defects need continued and careful monitoring as adults. […] Just because you feel well doesnt mean that you dont need to see a cardiologist with advanced training in congenital heart disease. […] Ongoing care often means more testing, surgeries and procedures, which can boost anxieties. […] Advances in medical care mean many women can expect a successful pregnancy, but for others it may be too dangerous.

• #56 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/congenital-heart-disease

  We also offer a variety of treatments for pulmonary hypertension. We can provide these treatments orally, through inhalation, intravenously, or subcutaneously (injection beneath the skin), depending on your condition and preference. […] At Mount Sinai, we provide a team to meet all your needs. The team includes your cardiologist, gynecologist, maternal fetal medicine consultant, and primary care doctor. […] We fully expect our patients with congenital heart defects to survive to adulthood, have a family, and lead a full adult life. To help you achieve this, we provide comprehensive care for you and your fetus during pregnancy. […] We can provide comprehensive assessment and care. […] Our program serves patients who are at least 15 years old. We begin transitioning patients to an adult congenital heart disease specialist while they are still seeing their pediatric doctor. […] The transition process can take several visits. […] Young adults will take control of all health-related decisions and will sign all consent forms.

• #57 Treating Adults with Congenital Heart Disease | Providence

  https://www.providence.org/services/heart-and-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Providence is well known for offering options and hope to patients seeking the most advanced therapies to treat congenital heart disease. The Providence Adult and Teen Congenital Heart (PATCH) Program is one of approximately 50 accredited programs in the country for adults and teens being treated for congenital heart defects. PATCH provides teenagers and young adults with support services to help them transition to adult medical care. […] We know that no two patients are the same. This is why your care team works with you to design an individualized treatment plan based specifically on your heart condition and your personal needs. Every treatment plan includes lifestyle changes to support your recovery and long-term heart health. […] Your care plan may include one or more of the following therapies: Aortic root surgery, Aortic valve repair/replacement, Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure, Ablation, Radiofrequency catheter ablation, Cryoablation, Heart valve repair, replacement or valvuloplasty, Implantable cardio defibrillator (ICD), Mitral valve repair or replacement, Pacemakers, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, Peripheral angioplasty or stent, Prescription medications, Septal myectomy, Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR), Tricuspid valve repair or replacement, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure.

• #58 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/congenital-heart-disease

  We also offer a variety of treatments for pulmonary hypertension. We can provide these treatments orally, through inhalation, intravenously, or subcutaneously (injection beneath the skin), depending on your condition and preference. […] At Mount Sinai, we provide a team to meet all your needs. The team includes your cardiologist, gynecologist, maternal fetal medicine consultant, and primary care doctor. […] We fully expect our patients with congenital heart defects to survive to adulthood, have a family, and lead a full adult life. To help you achieve this, we provide comprehensive care for you and your fetus during pregnancy. […] We can provide comprehensive assessment and care. […] Our program serves patients who are at least 15 years old. We begin transitioning patients to an adult congenital heart disease specialist while they are still seeing their pediatric doctor. […] The transition process can take several visits. […] Young adults will take control of all health-related decisions and will sign all consent forms.

• #59

  https://www.advocatechildrenshospital.com/services/heart/heart-programs/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  If you’ve had a chronic childhood illness, you can benefit from transitioning into an adult program designed specifically to meet your needs. […] Our program for adults with congenital heart disease differs from the standard pediatric model including: Focus on physical aging, Focus on adult health issues, Change in hospital visit dynamics, Focus on problem-solving strategies, Focus on education. […] We provide the ongoing care that people of all ages need for congenital heart disease. […] We collaborate with many specialists across our Childrens Heart Institute and other organizations to diagnose, treat and monitor congenital heart disease from conception through adulthood. […] Our areas of inpatient expertise include: Heart failure management, ventricular assist devices (VAD) and transplantation evaluation, Ongoing care in the cardiac intensive care units, Post-operative care, Cardiac catheterization interventions with balloons, percutaneous valves and innovative occlusion devices, Pulmonary hypertension therapies and diagnostics.

• #60 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  If you have adult congenital heart disease, pregnancy poses additional risks to you and your baby. Whether you can have a successful pregnancy depends on your heart function, medications, overall health and past treatments. Our maternal-fetal medicine specialists can help you understand your risks and manage your pregnancy. […] Our cardiac rehab program the first in the region helps you recover after a heart procedure. You receive care from a highly skilled team of heart, exercise, nutrition and mental health experts. Together, they work with you to improve your strength and overall health. With cardiac rehab, you may also experience better mood and less stress.

• #61 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Heart and Vascular

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease

  Our nationally renowned pediatric and adult heart and vascular experts use the latest treatments for simple and complex congenital heart disease. […] Our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program offers a wide range of treatments, including some only available through clinical trials. Our world-class team of experts work together with you to find the best possible treatment. […] Improved diagnosis and treatments are helping people with congenital heart disease live longer and healthier. You may have received treatment as a child. As you age, you may develop further problems with your heart that require additional interventions. Our program strives to provide a smooth transition from childhood to adulthood with lifelong, multidisciplinary care. […] Diet, exercise, smoking and other lifestyle choices play an important role in your cardiovascular health. If you have a congenital heart condition, a healthy lifestyle can protect your heart and slow disease progression.

• #62 Management of Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Primary Care

  https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/features/management-adult-congenital-heart-disease-primary-care/

  Primary care providers can play a key role in educating these patients about the need for lifelong specialized care. […] Prompt education, prevention, treatment, and management for diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease are vital. […] Standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) should be performed at each office visit as well as ambulatory ECG monitoring in patients who are at risk of arrhythmias or develop symptoms that are possibly from arrhythmic origin. […] Patients with ACHD should undergo transthoracic echocardiography with serial assessments based on the anatomic and physiologic severity and patient status. […] Patients with ACHD AP classification IB-D, IIA-D, and IIIA-D should be managed in collaboration with an ACHD cardiologist.

• #63

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=acd7295

  With congenital heart disease, you may be used to doing the things that help keep your heart healthy, like taking medicines. […] Adults who have congenital heart disease need routine checkups. […] You may have a higher risk of an infection in your heart. […] People with heart disease can be active and get regular exercise. […] Work with your doctor to make an exercise program that is enjoyable and safe for you. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety.

• #64 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults: Types, Symptoms, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/congenital-heart-disease-in-adults

  For many people born with a heart defect, treatment may not be necessary until adulthood. As your heart grows, you might need surgeries, medications, and treatments. […] It’s worth noting that there are no “cures” for congenital heart disease. However, there are well researched treatments that can improve heart function and surgeries that can correct anatomic issues. […] Managing adult congenital heart disease involves regular monitoring and testing by a cardiologist. If your condition is more serious, you might need medications and multiple procedures. […] The 2018 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease suggests that the best outcomes occur when a multidisciplinary team of specialists cares for you. […] If you receive proper treatment for congenital heart disease, you can live a healthy, active life. You might need ongoing surgeries and treatment, but newer procedures are helping people live longer and maintain a high quality of life.

• #65 Adult Congenital Heart Disease | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/care/heart/services/congenital-heart-disease

  Born with a heart condition called truncus arteriosus led Alex to the adult congenital heart disease experts at Mount Sinai […] Hear how the Center provides comprehensive care for adults with Congenital Heart Disease, regardless of age or severity of illness. […] After three open heart surgeries for Michael Pernick, Mount Sinai Cardiac Catheterization Lab experts performed a successful minimally invasive valve replacement. […] Trust in Mount Sinai Health System Adult Congenital Heart Disease Experts Helps Patient Navigate High-Risk Pregnancy […] We provide a variety of services through the Mount Sinai Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center. Our services include: Adult congenital cardiac surgery, Multimodality congenital cardiac imaging, Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization, including transcatheter valve therapies, Electrophysiology, pacing and complex arrhythmia management, Advanced heart failure, mechanical circulatory support and cardiac transplantation, Comprehensive evaluation and management for pulmonary hypertension, Cardiovascular genetics, Single ventricle fontan clinic, Gastroenterology, hepatology and liver transplantation, Reproductive health, fertility management and high-risk pregnancy, Neurocognitive assessment and care, Transition of care for adolescents with congenital heart disease, Pulmonary and sleep medicine.

• #66 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/programs-and-specialties/adult-congenital-heart-disease-program/

  Instrumental to our program’s success is our passionate, experienced, and integrated multidisciplinary team comprised of cardiovascular specialists skilled in all aspects of health care. […] Dr. Rajiv Verma is an experienced cardiologist specializing in adult congenital heart disease as well as pediatric cardiology and general pediatrics. Dr. Verma is Board Certified in Adult Congenital Heart Disease as per the American Board Of Internal Medicine. […] RWJBarnabas Health Heart, Vascular Thoracic also prides itself in providing patients with the opportunity to have access to the latest technology and medical advancements via participation in some of the most renowned clinical studies offered.

• #67 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/programs-and-specialties/adult-congenital-heart-disease-program/

  Instrumental to our program’s success is our passionate, experienced, and integrated multidisciplinary team comprised of cardiovascular specialists skilled in all aspects of health care. […] Dr. Rajiv Verma is an experienced cardiologist specializing in adult congenital heart disease as well as pediatric cardiology and general pediatrics. Dr. Verma is Board Certified in Adult Congenital Heart Disease as per the American Board Of Internal Medicine. […] RWJBarnabas Health Heart, Vascular Thoracic also prides itself in providing patients with the opportunity to have access to the latest technology and medical advancements via participation in some of the most renowned clinical studies offered.

• #68 Adult Congenital Heart Disease – Los Angeles, CA | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/achd

  Our physicians research and study new treatments for ACHD. They prioritize studies that can quickly translate into care improvements, so you always receive leading-edge treatment. Eligible patients may have access to promising new therapies through participation in clinical trials. […] Even if you have a heart defect that is repaired or treated in childhood, you’ll need lifelong follow-up care to prevent other health complications. Adults with CHD have a higher risk of irregular heart rhythms, heart infections and heart muscle weakness. […] Our team provides full-spectrum care to help adults manage congenital heart disease. Depending on your diagnosis and the severity of your symptoms, your treatment may include: […] Patients may need routine imaging to ensure the heart is working properly. We may use echocardiograms (Echo) to evaluate the heart’s structures and blood flow. Or, we may use electrocardiograms (EKGs) to assess the heart’s electrical activity.

• #69 Congenital Heart Disease | Symptoms & Treatments | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/services/congenital-heart-disease-services

  Rush’s structural heart disease program offers nationally ranked care for heart valve disease, congenital heart disease and other conditions. […] We can treat many congenital heart diseases through minimally invasive, catheter-based procedures. We can also use these procedures to repair and replace valves if patients require reintervention after past treatments. […] Interventional cardiologists at Rush have conferences with specialists from every field of heart care to discuss each patient’s individual case. They’ll work on your care plan from every perspective to provide you with all your available options. […] Rush heart specialists are engaged in important clinical trials, offering patients treatment not available anywhere else. These trials lead to new treatments and devices. For example, we currently participate in trials for new devices that close atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale. […] With advances in medical and surgical interventional treatment, outcomes for both pediatric and adult patients have greatly improved, and most have normal life expectancy with proper treatment.

• #70 Congenital Heart Disease | Symptoms & Treatments | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/services/congenital-heart-disease-services

  Rush’s structural heart disease program offers nationally ranked care for heart valve disease, congenital heart disease and other conditions. […] We can treat many congenital heart diseases through minimally invasive, catheter-based procedures. We can also use these procedures to repair and replace valves if patients require reintervention after past treatments. […] Interventional cardiologists at Rush have conferences with specialists from every field of heart care to discuss each patient’s individual case. They’ll work on your care plan from every perspective to provide you with all your available options. […] Rush heart specialists are engaged in important clinical trials, offering patients treatment not available anywhere else. These trials lead to new treatments and devices. For example, we currently participate in trials for new devices that close atrial septal defects and patent foramen ovale. […] With advances in medical and surgical interventional treatment, outcomes for both pediatric and adult patients have greatly improved, and most have normal life expectancy with proper treatment.

• #71 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults: Types, Symptoms, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/congenital-heart-disease-in-adults

  For many people born with a heart defect, treatment may not be necessary until adulthood. As your heart grows, you might need surgeries, medications, and treatments. […] It’s worth noting that there are no “cures” for congenital heart disease. However, there are well researched treatments that can improve heart function and surgeries that can correct anatomic issues. […] Managing adult congenital heart disease involves regular monitoring and testing by a cardiologist. If your condition is more serious, you might need medications and multiple procedures. […] The 2018 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease suggests that the best outcomes occur when a multidisciplinary team of specialists cares for you. […] If you receive proper treatment for congenital heart disease, you can live a healthy, active life. You might need ongoing surgeries and treatment, but newer procedures are helping people live longer and maintain a high quality of life.

• #72 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: What Patients Need to Know | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/adult-congenital-heart-disease-what-patients-need-know

  Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects; it can vary drastically in terms of symptoms and prognosis. […] For more than 70 years, Texas Children’s Heart Center has combined cutting-edge technology with a compassionate and family-centered approach to care. […] With patients like Izzy, the amazing advances that have occurred over the past 80 years — surgical, medical and technological advances — have not only expanded the treatment options but have dramatically improved the outcomes. […] It is estimated that between 1.5 to 2 million adults in the United States have CHD. […] In response to this demand, Texas Children’s opened a first-of-its-kind dedicated floor designed for patients with ACHD. […] Members of the ACH team at Texas Children’s advise patients like Izzy on health and lifestyle choices for adult needs, including physical challenges, exercise options and family planning.

• #73 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/clinics/adult-congenital-heart-disease-clinic

  Thanks to advances in both surgical treatments and medications, more and more children born with heart defects are surviving to adulthood. […] The UCSF Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic offers comprehensive care that includes early detection of problems, treatment to prevent complications and surgical repair of defects. […] For others, treatment ranges from medication to surgery, including heart and lung transplants. […] At our clinic, experts who specialize in treating adults with congenital heart disease work with heart surgeons, pediatric heart specialists, diagnostic specialists and other health professionals to provide quality care for even the rarest defects. […] If you’re pregnant or considering pregnancy, our Cardio-Obstetrics team provides specialized prenatal and preconception care for women with heart disease.

• #74 Adult Congenital Heart Disease: What Patients Need to Know | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/wellness/adult-congenital-heart-disease-what-patients-need-know

  Dr. Ermis explained that, because CHD is a lifelong disease, follow-up care is essential for patients like Izzy — that’s why ACHD programs are so important. […] With congenital heart disease, lifelong monitoring is required — it’s never really cured, per se. […] Treatments for ACHD depend on the symptoms and severity of the defects and can include: medications, implantable devices, surgery, catheter-based treatments, heart transplant. […] Some cases of ACHD are mild and don’t require treatment beyond careful and frequent monitoring. […] The transition from pediatric to adult care requires careful planning to help children with heart defects lead healthy, independent lives as adults. […] It is imperative for patients to continue seeing congenital heart specialists and, ideally, ACHD board-certified doctors who are experts in treating their specific conditions.

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