Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Transposition of the Great Arteries (Vessels) NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/transposition-great-arteries-nclex-review/

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) review for nursing students! […] This is a topic you will see on your pediatric nursing lecture exams and possibly the NCLEX exam. […] Its a congenital heart defect where the pulmonary artery and aorta are in SWITCHED positions (hence transposed). […] Its a critical congenital heart defect that requires immediate medical intervention after birth and surgery within the first month of life. […] The pulmonary artery should carry unoxygenated blood RIGHT to the lungs to get oxygenated, while the aorta should carry oxygenated blood that has LEFT the lungs to go to the body. In transposition of the great arteries, the opposite is occurring. […] The goal of the right side is to get the UNOXYGENATED blood to the LUNGS! […] The low oxygen levels in the body will lead to an increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, cool extremities, poor feeding and growth rate and eventually heart failure can occur.

• #2 Transposition of the Great Arteries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538434/

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital cardiac defect characterized by an embryological discordance of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. […] Early diagnosis and surgical intervention, such as the arterial switch operation, are essential for optimal outcomes. […] Treatment options may involve surgical correction with an arterial switch procedure or palliation with a balloon atrial septostomy. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical for improving patient prognosis. […] This activity helps interprofessional healthcare providers strengthen their skills and knowledge by enhancing their ability to collaborate effectively as part of a healthcare team in managing TGA in patients. […] The clinical features of d-TGA depend solely on the degree of mixing between the parallel circuits. Most patients present with signs and symptoms during the neonatal period or within the first 30 days of life. Typical clinical manifestations include the below conditions.

• #3 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. […] Transposition of the great arteries is the second most common congenital heart defect that causes problems in early infancy. TGA occurs in about 3% of all congenital heart defects. […] Babies with TGA have two separate blood flow circuits — one that circulates oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body back to the body, and another that recirculates oxygen-rich (red) blood from the lungs back to the lungs. Without an additional heart defect that allows mixing of oxygen-poor (blue) and oxygen-rich (red) blood, such as an atrial or ventricular septal defect or a patent ductus arteriosus, infants with TGA will only have oxygen-poor (blue) blood circulating through the body—a situation that is fatal.

• #4 Transposition of the Great Arteries (Vessels) TGA

  https://www.registerednursern.com/transposition-great-arteries-tga-nclex-questions/

  The answer is C. This procedure is an open heart surgery where the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched back to where they should be along with their coronary arteries and is performed within the first few weeks of life. […] The answer is true. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs to the left side of the heart. […] The answer is C. A balloon atrial septostomy (this is TEMPORARY UNTIL SURGERY is performed) is a procedure performed during a heart cath and is done to enlarge a hole in the atrial septum. […] The answers are: B, C, E, and F. Babies with TGA will experience severe cyanosis after birth that will become worse and not resolve on its own.

• #5 Transposition of the great arteries – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350595

  Transposition of the great arteries is most often diagnosed after a baby is born. […] After birth, a health care provider may think about a diagnosis of a TGA if the baby has blue or gray skin, a weak pulse, or trouble breathing. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your transposition of the great arteries-related health concerns Start Here. […] All infants with complete transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) need surgery to correct the heart problem. […] Before surgery is done to fix the switched arteries, a medicine called alprostadil (Caverject, Edex, others) may be given to the baby. […] Surgery for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is usually done within the first days to weeks after birth. […] After surgery to fix TGA, lifelong care is needed with a provider trained in heart problems present at birth. This type of health care provider is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #6 Transposition of the great arteries: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001568.htm

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a heart defect that occurs from birth (congenital). The two major arteries that carry blood away from the heart — the aorta and the pulmonary artery — are switched (transposed). […] TGA is a cyanotic heart defect. This means there is decreased oxygen in the blood that is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body. […] Symptoms may include: Bluish color to the skin (cyanosis) due to low oxygen level in the blood, Clubbing of the fingers or toes, Poor feeding, Shortness of breath. […] The initial step in treatment is to allow oxygen-rich blood to mix with poorly oxygenated blood. The baby will immediately receive a medicine called prostaglandin through an IV (intravenous line). This medicine helps keep a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus open, allowing some mixing of the two blood circulations.

• #7 Transposition of the Great Arteries | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/transposition

  The immediate management of an infant with transposition focuses on getting safe oxygen levels. Stable cardiac and pulmonary function is important. […] A continuous infusion of prostaglandin, a medication that will keep the ductus arteriosus open, is usually started when the diagnosis is suspected or confirmed. This will allow some mixing of oxygen-rich blood with oxygen-poor blood. […] A procedure called a „balloon atrial septostomy” is often done once the diagnosis is confirmed. […] Babies can be stabilized for the short term. Surgical correction of the defect is always needed. In most cases, corrective surgery is done in the first week of life. […] In most cases of transposition, an arterial switch surgery is done. The arterial switch surgery involves cutting off the aorta and pulmonary arteries just above the point where they leave the heart.

• #8 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Children’s Hospital of Orange County

  https://choc.org/heart/congenital-heart-defects/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/

  Your child will most likely be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU). Initially, your child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his or her breathing. Intravenous (IV) medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to CVICU for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Your child may need other equipment not mentioned here to provide support while in the CVICU, or afterwards. The hospital staff will explain all of the necessary equipment to you. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home. Your child’s doctor will discuss pain control before your child is discharged from the hospital. […] Most infants who undergo TGA surgical repair will grow and develop normally. However, after TGA repair, children will need periodic visits to their pediatric cardiologist who will make assessments to check for any heart-related problems.

• #9 Transposition of the Great Arteries | TGA Heart | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/herma-heart/conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Transposition of the great arteries can be life-threatening, so infants born with TGA will likely be admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) immediately after delivery. […] Surgery is a required treatment for TGA and usually takes place within one or two weeks of birth. […] Your child will most likely be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or special care nursery once symptoms are noted. Initially, your child may be placed on oxygen, and possibly even on a ventilator, to assist his/her breathing. Intravenous (IV) medications may be given to help the heart and lungs function more efficiently. […] After surgery, infants will return to the intensive care unit (ICU) for a few days to be closely monitored during recovery. […] Your child will be kept as comfortable as possible with several different medications; some which relieve pain, and some which relieve anxiety. […] Pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be recommended to keep your child comfortable at home.

• #10 Learning About Transposition of the Great Arteries in Newborns | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.learning-about-transposition-of-the-great-arteries-in-newborns.abr8584

  Your baby will need special care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This may be scary for you. But the hospital staff understands this. They will explain what happens and will answer your questions. […] Your baby may get medicine to keep the ductus arteriosus open. This helps keep red blood flowing to the body. It is often given through a blood vessel in the belly button. […] Open heart surgery is needed to cut and switch the two arteries. If there are other heart problems, they may be repaired at the same time. […] The hospital staff will give your baby the nutrition that your baby needs. The doctor may feed your baby through a soft tube that goes through the nose and into the stomach. Or the doctor may use an I.V. that goes through the belly button to do this. […] It’s hard to be apart from your baby, especially when you worry about your baby’s condition. Know that the hospital staff is well prepared to care for babies with this condition. They will do everything they can to help. If you need it, ask for support from friends and family. You can also ask the hospital staff about counseling and support. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if your child is having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your child’s test results and keep a list of the medicines your child takes.

• #11 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Causes and Symptoms | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/heart-center/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart defect in which the main arteries that pump blood to the lungs and to the body connect to the heart abnormally. […] This means that the body receives blood that is low in oxygen, and the lungs receive blood that is high in oxygen. This type of blood flow cannot support the body in the way it needs to survive and requires surgery or other procedures soon after birth. […] Babies with TGA should be born in a high-risk birth center where there is access to neonatal and cardiology services at the time of delivery. […] Treatment for TGA begins shortly after birth. Babies with TGA will require monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) before surgery and will go to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following surgery for close monitoring.

• #12 Transposition of the Great Arteries (Vessels) NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/transposition-great-arteries-nclex-review/

  Severe Cyanosis at birth that wont resolve without medical intervention. […] Watch heart rate, rhythm, respiratory status, oxygen levels, and prepare for intervention (prostaglandin E infusion, balloon atrial septostomy, and then open heart for an arterial switch procedure). […] Alprostadil (prostaglandin E) medication infusion given to keep patient ductus arteriosus open (normally would close at birth) to allow mixing of blood. […] Balloon atrial septostomy. TEMPORARY UNTIL SURGERY. […] Arterial switch procedure: open heart surgery where the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched back to where they should be along with their coronary arteries (performed within the first few weeks of life).

• #13 Transposition of the Great Arteries Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/900574-treatment

  Initial treatment of transposition of the great arteries consists of maintaining ductal patency with continuous intravenous (IV) prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) infusion to promote pulmonary blood flow, increase left atrial pressure, and promote left-to-right intercirculatory mixing at the atrial level. This is particularly important in patients with severe left ventricular outflow tract stenosis or atresia. Administration of PgE1 within the first 48 hours after birth is crucial to reduce early mortality in newborns with transposition of the great arteries, especially in the simple form. […] Cardiac catheterization and balloon atrial septostomy is indicated in severely hypoxemic patients with an inadequate atrial level communication and insufficient mixing (preductal saturations significantly lower than postductal saturations). Balloon atrial septostomy is used to increase the atrial level shunt and to improve mixing.

• #14 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/tga/

  Dextro transposition of the great arteries (D TGA) is a congenital cyanotic heart defect in which the pulmonary artery and the aorta are transposed. […] The only treatment for D TGA is surgery to switch the positions of the arteries. Prior to surgery, treatments include: Prostaglandin to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus, which is administered as a continuous infusion. Note that apnea can occur as an adverse effect of this medication, so the infant may need to be intubated. […] Another procedure that may be conducted to stabilize the patient prior to surgery is a balloon atrial septostomy (BAS). In this procedure, a catheter is advanced through the umbilical or femoral vein, inserted into the heart and a balloon is deployed across the atrial septum to create an opening between the right and left atrium. This allows oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to enter the right side of the heart and, ultimately, systemic circulation. Children who undergo this procedure will still require full surgical repair of the transposed arteries.

• #15 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/transposition-great-arteries

  Once stabilized, the baby’s treatments may include: Medication: Doctors may administer an IV (intravenous) medication (prostaglandin E1) to keep open the infant’s ductus arteriosus (the prenatal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which usually closes shortly after birth, but which is now important as an alternative pathway for blood flow). […] Cardiac catheterization: Before TGA surgery, doctors may perform a cardiac catheterization procedure called balloon atrial septostomy to improve the mixing of oxygen-rich (red) blood and oxygen-poor (blue) blood. A special catheter with a balloon in the tip is used to create or enlarge an opening in the atrial septum (wall between the left and right atria). […] Surgery: Within a baby’s first two weeks, transposition of the great arteries is surgically repaired through a procedure called an arterial switch. While supported by a heart-lung machine, the aorta and pulmonary arteries are disconnected, then switched and reconnected to their proper ventricles. As part of the procedure, the coronary arteries are transferred to the new aorta. In addition, any holes between the chambers of the heart are closed.

• #16 Transposition of the Great Arteries Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/900574-treatment

  Ultimately, the patient requires surgical repair or palliation early in life. […] Surgical approach depends on the age of the patient at presentation, the presence of associated congenital cardiac lesions, and the experience of the cardiothoracic surgeon with a given surgical technique. Most full-term neonates with uncomplicated transposition of the great arteries can undergo an arterial switch procedure in one operation, with minimal mortality. […] The ideal operation is an arterial switch procedure. It represents an anatomic repair and establishes ventriculoarterial concordance. This procedure should be performed when the infant is younger than 4 weeks, as the left ventricle may not be able to handle systemic pressure postoperatively if left too long in the low-pressure, low-resistance pulmonary circuit.

• #17 Transposition of the Great Arteries Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Long-Term Monitoring

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/900574-treatment

  The preferred operation is an arterial switch procedure with ventricular septal defect closure. […] An arterial switch operation may not be feasible due to pulmonary valve (left ventricular outflow tract) stenosis or atresia. […] Evidence from the Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial suggests that neurodevelopmental outcomes for children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) who undergo arterial switch operation (and other complex neonatal operations) may not be normal and may require further investigation and follow-up.

• #18 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/d-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Patients who have had the Mustard or Senning operation may need catheterization techniques or surgery to correct abnormalities of the tunnel in the atria, repair abnormal valves or control rhythm disturbances. […] Patients who had the arterial switch operation infrequently may need more surgery to relieve narrowing in the aorta or pulmonary artery where the original surgery was done, or to fix leaky valves.

• #19 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/d-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Patients with transposition of the great arteries require surgery early in life to survive. […] Many infants undergo a procedure in the catheterization laboratory to „buy time” and delay the surgery until they can handle it better. […] Patients who’ve had an atrial switch (e.g., Mustard or Senning operation) may have a serious decline in heart muscle or heart valve function. […] Some patients need more surgery to help their heart pump better, repair abnormal valves or control heart rhythm disturbances. […] Most cardiologists recommend that patients limit their physical activities to their endurance. […] Patients with transposition will require lifelong follow-up with a cardiologist trained to care for patients with congenital heart disease. […] Children who have transposition of the great arteries are at increased risk for endocarditis.

• #20 A new beginning: nursing care of the infant undergoing the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2470699/

  Transposition of the great arteries is a common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease that without intervention has a 90% mortality rate within the first year of life. […] Nursing care centers around the critically ill neonate who may have hypotension and low cardiac output because of a poorly adapted left ventricle. […] Assessment for potential myocardial infarction resulting from movement and reimplantation of the coronary arteries is essential.

• #21 Transposition of the Great Arteries – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538434/

  Surgical correction, tailored to address the specific underlying cardiac anomalies, can involve procedures such as a double switch operation that combines an atrial switch (Senning or Mustard) with an arterial switch. […] The nurse caring for a patient with corrected TGA should monitor for the following: Cardiac dysrhythmias or heart palpitations, New heart murmurs, bruits, or extra heart sounds, Fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain, Changes in blood pressure (increasing or decreasing), Decrease in oxygen saturation or development of cyanosis, Swelling in the lower extremities. […] Timely intervention and regular follow-up care can help minimize complications and improve outcomes for patients with TGA.

• #22 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) | Dayton, Ohio

  https://fetaltonewborn.org/transposition-great-arteries-tga/

  Babies diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (also sometimes known as transposition of the great vessels) are born with a heart defect in which the two main arteries going out of the heart the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched in position (transposed). […] Initially, your baby will be given a medicine called prostaglandin through an intravenous (IV) line. This medicine helps keep a blood vessel called the ductus arteriosus open, which will allow the blood with the oxygen to mix with the blood without oxygen. […] Shortly after birth, a surgery called an arterial switch procedure will be done to permanently correct the defect. The purpose of the surgery is to switch the great arteries back to their normal positions. […] During surgery, your baby will be given general anesthesia, which means the baby will be comfortable and sleeping. After surgery, your baby will need to stay in a cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) for the first few days and may be connected to several tubes and wires to allow your babys doctor to best monitor the babys condition. Pain control will be used to make sure your baby is comfortable. […] Most babies who undergo arterial switch surgery go on to live normal lives.

• #23 Transposition of the Great Arteries | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  If you are carrying a baby with a heart defect, you will still get care from your pregnancy doctor (obstetrician). […] During clinic visits, the medical team will discuss the diagnosis, treatment, recovery, and long-term outcome for your baby. […] At the delivery hospital, a doctor who specializes in working with sick infants (neonatologist) will manage the care of your baby. […] Most of the time, babies with this condition will need surgery a few weeks after they’re born. […] After surgery, your baby will go to the Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit (CTICU). […] Your medical team will help you decide on the safest feeding approach. […] Your baby may stay in the hospital for a couple of days or as long as weeks to months. […] You will need to do CPR training in the Columbus Blue Jackets Family Resource Center before you leave. […] Your cardiologist will follow up with your baby’s heart needs even after they are discharged from the hospital.

• #24 About dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA) | Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/d-tga.html

  Surgical repairs for d-TGA are not a cure. People with d-TGA should schedule routine checkups with a heart doctor to stay as healthy as possible. […] Surgery is required for all babies born with d-TGA. This will help maintain, enlarge, or create openings that will deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body. Other procedures may be done before surgery. […] After surgery, medications may be needed to help the heart pump better, control blood pressure, help get rid of extra fluid in the body, and slow down the heart if it is beating too fast. […] Infants who have surgical repairs for d-TGA are not cured. They may have lifelong complications. A child or adult with d-TGA will need regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist (a heart doctor) to monitor their progress and avoid complications or other health problems. With proper treatment, most babies with d-TGA grow up to lead healthy, productive lives.

• #25 Pediatric Transposition of the Great Arteries | Memorial Hermann

  http://memorialhermann.org/ar-sa/services/conditions/pediatric-transposition-great-arteries

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also called transposition of the great vessels, is a birth defect involving the two main arteries in the heart being switched. […] With TGA, the pulmonary artery (which normally takes blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs) comes off the left side of the heart and the aorta (which normally takes blood from the left side of the heart to the body) comes off the right side of the heart. […] Often, TGA is accompanied by other heart defects, which actually may help infants survive until prompt treatment. […] All children with TGA need surgery called an arterial switch procedure to correct the defect. […] Surgery for TGA is usually done within the first two weeks of life. […] After surgery, the child may need medication to help his or her heart pump efficiently and control heartbeat and blood pressure while limiting excess fluid in the body. […] Parents will help with wound care as the baby heals post-surgery. The child’s cardiologist will monitor for leaky valves, irregular heartbeat, narrowed blood vessels at surgical sites or other heart issues that may arise later in life.

• #26 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23387-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Septostomy procedure: A balloon atrial septostomy uses a catheter (thin tube) to widen the natural opening between the atria (right and left upper chambers in the heart). This minimally invasive procedure allows blood to mix so it can collect oxygen and deliver it to your childs body. […] While surgery doesnt cure d-transposition of the great arteries, most people with the condition can lead full, healthy lives. But people with this congenital condition need lifelong care. A cardiologist (heart specialist) monitors your progress to help you manage complications. […] Your child can live a full life after treatment for transposition of the great arteries. For either type of the condition, their heart needs lifelong follow-up care, including: Regular appointments with a cardiologist with expertise in this condition. Medications. Regular, noninvasive heart function tests, which may include EKGs, Holter monitors, exercise stress tests and echocardiograms.

• #27 Transposition of the Great Arteries | Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/transposition

  Since the arterial switch surgery reconstructs the heart to a normal situation, long-term cardiac function should be excellent. […] Patients (after arterial switch surgery) usually have normal ventricular function and no heart rhythm abnormalities. […] All patients with transposition of the great arteries need to be followed by a congenital heart expert for life.

• #28 Transposition of the Great Arteries | Cardinal Glennon

  https://www.ssmhealth.com/cardinal-glennon/fetal-care-institute/fetal-heart-program/heart-conditions/transposition-of-great-arteries

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart defect where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched. This changes the way blood circulates through the body causing oxygen-poor blood to flow to the body. […] Most babies with TGA can be delivered vaginally at full term unless otherwise indicated by your obstetrician. It is best for these babies to be delivered at a medical center where there is access to a team of pediatric cardiologists and neonatologists, along with an established Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). […] After delivery, the baby will need prostaglandin (PGE), an intravenous medication that keeps the patent ductus arteriosus (a normal connection present in babies in the womb) open. […] The surgical approach for TGA depends on the babys anatomy. The most common procedure is the arterial switch. In this open-heart surgery, the pulmonary artery and aorta are switched back to their normal positions. […] After surgery the baby will require a stay in the Neonatal or Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (NICU or PICU) until they overcome any feeding and breathing difficulties. Following surgery these children will need lifelong follow-up visits with a cardiologist.

• #29 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23387-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  After transposition surgery, people have a higher risk for other heart problems. Potential heart complications include: Loss of heart muscle or heart valve function. Valve leakage. Heart rhythm problems. Enlargement of their aortas. Problems with their re-implanted coronary arteries. […] Yes, your child may need more surgery later. The most common procedures are to restore their hearts rhythm after a VSD repair or to repair heart valves. […] Endocarditis is an infection that happens when bacteria enter your heart. Its more common in people with heart conditions, like TGA. People who had transposition surgery may need to take antibiotics before dental procedures. […] In addition to caring for your childs heart issues, you may need to address possible differences in their brain development. Children who had an arterial switch operation may have ADHD or need special education services. […] If your baby has: Trouble breathing. Weak pulse. Bluish or whitish skin around their mouth. […] If you had transposition surgery as a child, you need routine care and evaluation throughout your life. You should see a cardiologist with experience caring for adults with congenital heart disease.

• #30 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Presentation – TeachMePaediatrics

  https://teachmepaediatrics.com/cardiology/congenital-heart-defects/transposition-great-arteries/

  Several long-term consequences are recognised. These include: Neopulmonary stenosis, Neoaortic regurgitation, Neoaortic root dilatation, Coronary artery disease. […] Anywhere between 2% to 8% of patients may require intervention, including balloon angioplasty, transcatheter stenting or surgical patch arterioplasty. […] Obstructed coronary arteries are present in 5% to 7% of survivors and remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality after ASO. […] The incidence of sudden cardiac death in repaired TGA patients is reported to be between 0.3% to 0.8%. This is thought to be related to primary arrhythmia. […] There is a high incidence frequency of neurodevelopmental (ND) abnormalities in these patients. All TGA patients should have ND evaluation ideally in early childhood. […] Low gestational age and a high pre-operative lactate are the most important predictors of poor developmental outcome.

• #31 Pediatric Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) – Conditions and Treatments | Children’s National Hospital

  https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/health-library/transposition-of-the-great-arteries-tga

  Most children who have surgery for this condition will grow and develop normally. Ask your child’s healthcare provider about your childs outlook. Your child will still need to see his or her heart doctor for checkups. Your child may need additional surgeries or cardiac catheterizations in the future. […] Your child’s doctor may give him or her antibiotics before surgeries or dental procedures. This is to prevent infections. Your child may also need to limit physical activity and avoid certain sports. Ask your childs heart doctor what activities are safe for your child.

• #32 Transposition of the great arteries – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transposition-of-the-great-arteries/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350595

  Caring for a baby with a serious heart condition, such as transposition of the great arteries, can be challenging. […] Every situation is different. But due to advances in surgical treatment, most babies with transposition of the great arteries grow up to lead active lives. […] If your baby has transposition of the great arteries (TGA), you’ll likely have appointments with several types of health care providers. […] For transposition of the great arteries, some basic questions to ask the health care provider include: Does my baby need surgery? […] Your health care provider is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as: Is there a family history of heart problems at birth?

• #33 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) in Children

  https://healthinfo.universityhealthsystem.com/YourFamily/Men/Newsletters/90,P01823

  Your child’s healthcare team will tell you how to care for your baby before you leave the hospital. […] Most children who have surgery for this condition will grow and develop normally. […] Your child will still need to see their providers for checkups. […] Your child may need to have antibiotics before surgeries or dental procedures. This is to prevent infections. […] Your child may also need to limit physical activity and stay away from certain sports. […] If your child has trouble breathing or any new symptoms, call their healthcare provider.

• #34 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) in Children | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/Diseases-and-Conditions—Pediatrics/transposition-of-the-great-arteries-tga

  Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a type of heart defect that your baby is born with (congenital). In this condition, the two arteries that carry blood out of the heart arent connected as they should be. They are reversed (transposed). […] Babies can’t live with this condition unless they get treatment. […] All children with a TGA will need to have surgery to fix it. Your baby will likely be admitted to the intensive care unit. […] Your child will stay in the hospital until after surgery. Your childs healthcare team will tell you how to care for your baby before you leave the hospital. […] Most children who have surgery for this condition will grow and develop normally. Your child will still need to see their providers for checkups. Your child may need additional surgeries or cardiac catheterizations in the future.

• #35 Transposition of the great arteries: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001568.htm

  Permanent treatment involves heart surgery during which the great arteries are cut and stitched back to their correct position. This is called an arterial switch operation (ASO). […] The child’s symptoms will improve after surgery to correct the defect. Most infants who undergo arterial switch do not have symptoms after surgery and live normal lives. If corrective surgery is not performed, the life expectancy is only months. […] This condition can be diagnosed before birth using a fetal echocardiogram. If not, it is most often diagnosed soon after a baby is born. […] Contact your provider if your baby has this condition and new symptoms develop, get worse, or continue after treatment.

• #36 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Presentation – TeachMePaediatrics

  https://teachmepaediatrics.com/cardiology/congenital-heart-defects/transposition-great-arteries/

  The anatomical configuration of this anomaly establishes a potentially fatal parallel circulation that results in deep hypoxaemia from lack of mixing, with resulting lactic acidosis and demise. Prompt, adequate preoperative intervention and stabilization, followed by surgical repair and expert postoperative management, favour an excellent outcome. […] Initial management: Emergency prostaglandin E1 infusion to keep the ductus arteriosus patent as a temporary solution that allows mixing of blood. […] Definitive and Longterm management: Surgical correction, commonly arterial switch operation [ASO] is usually performed before the age of 4 weeks. […] Prognosis depends on the complexity of the TGA and how it was surgically repaired. Post-surgical correction, survival is approximately greater than 90% at 20 years.

• #37 D-Transposition of the Great Arteries > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/d-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Without surgical intervention, 90% of babies born with d-transposition of the great arteries will die during their first year of life; half will die within the first month. With surgery, over 95% of patients will live into adulthood. […] Patients born with d-transposition of the great arteries will need to see a cardiologist for the rest of their lives to monitor their heart health.

• #38 Transposition of the Great Arteries – Pediatric Heart Specialists

  https://pediatricheartspecialists.com/heart-education/15-congenital-heart-defects/184-transposition-of-the-great-arteries

  Since the arterial switch operation reconstructs the heart to a near normal configuration both anatomically and physiologically, long-term cardiac survival and function is typically excellent. […] Even though patients are expected to do well after arterial switch operation, long-term follow-up with the cardiologist is important to detect problems early.

• #39 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA): Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/heart/transposition-of-the-great-arteries-tga/treatment

  More than 90% of babies who undergo TGA surgery grow into adulthood and lead healthy lives but will need lifelong check-ins with a cardiologist. They may also be directed to avoid strenuous activities, such as competitive sports, to avoid a rise in blood pressure and stress on the heart. […] Women who received surgery for TGA and wish to become pregnant should speak with their obstetrician and cardiologist before conceiving. Special care and testing may be needed.

• #40 Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)

  https://teens.aboutkidshealth.ca/transposition-of-the-great-arteries-tga

  For most individuals who had a repair of their TGA with an arterial switch operation pregnancy is safe. […] If you have a repaired TGA, you should use contraception before you become sexually active. […] In general, people with repaired TGA can use any form of contraception. […] LARCs are safe for women with TGA. […] Emergency contraception such as 'the morning after pill’ or 'Plan B’ is safe for women with TGA.

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