Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Head and Neck Cancers: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14458-head-and-neck-cancer

  Head and neck cancer includes several types of cancers that affect your mouth, throat or other parts of your head and neck. The most common symptom is a persistent sore throat. […] Head and neck cancer symptoms are often mild. They can mimic less serious conditions like a cold or sore throat. A sore throat that doesnt get better is the most common sign of head and neck cancer. […] Depending on the type of head and neck cancer, you may experience: A persistent sore throat. Persistent earaches or symptoms of ear infections (especially when your ear looks normal to your healthcare provider). Frequent headaches. Pain in your face or neck that wont go away. Pain in your upper teeth. Pain when you chew or swallow. Hoarseness or voice changes. Trouble breathing or speaking. […] You may notice: A lump in your throat, mouth or neck. A mouth or tongue sore that doesnt heal. Frequent nosebleeds, bloody saliva or phlegm. A white or red patch on your gums, tongue or inside your mouth. Swelling in your jaw, neck or side of your face (that may cause your dentures to fit poorly).

• #1 Head and neck cancer symptoms | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/signs-and-symptoms-of-head-and-neck-cancer

  The symptoms may be different depending on where in the head and neck the cancer started. […] Head and neck cancer symptoms depend on: where in the head and neck the cancer started; if it has spread anywhere nearby, such as the lymph nodes in the neck. […] If you have certain symptoms, your dentist or GP should refer you to see a specialist within 2 weeks. This is called an urgent referral. These symptoms include: an ulcer anywhere in the mouth area (including the tongue) lasting for more than 3 weeks; a red patch (erythroplakia) or red and white patch (erythroleukoplakia) anywhere inside the mouth; a white patch on its own (leukoplakia) anywhere inside the mouth; a lump in the neck that does not go away after 2 to 3 weeks; a lump on the lip or anywhere inside the mouth that does not go away; a sore tongue that is not getting better; throat pain, persistent hoarseness and difficulty swallowing that is not improving.

• #1 Head and neck cancer: Symptoms, causes and treatments | The Royal Marsden

  https://www.royalmarsden.nhs.uk/private-care/news-and-blogs/head-and-neck-cancer-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  The symptoms of head and neck cancer vary depending on the area affected. Some symptoms of overlap, while others are specific to the type of cancer. […] Common symptoms include: Weight loss, Problems breathing, Frequent coughing, Pain and discomfort, Difficulty swallowing, Mouth sores or ulcers, Developing a lump or swelling, Bad breath (not related to hygiene). […] Oral (mouth) cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. Its found on the inside lining of the mouth, tongue, lips, and cheeks. People with oral cancer might experience: Constant mouth ulcers, Numb lips or tongue often, Loose teeth or sockets that dont heal, Speech changes, e.g. developing a lisp, Unexplained continued lumps in the mouth or neck, A white or red patch either on the gums, tongue, or mouth lining. […] Laryngeal cancer symptoms include: Earache, Sore throat, Breathlessness, Pain or problems swallowing, Coughing that doesnt go away, A hoarse voice for over 3 weeks, High-pitched wheezing when you breathe. In severe cases of laryngeal cancer, it may become harder to breathe.

• #1 Head & Neck Cancer Symptoms | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/head-neck-cancer/head-neck-cancer-symptoms.html

  The symptoms of head and neck cancer can vary from disease to disease. They are often related to the tumors location, such as eye cancer causing vision problems and throat cancer causing problems with chewing and swallowing. […] The most common symptoms of head and neck cancer include: A painless lump in the neck, Vision changes and problems, including double vision, Hearing loss, usually in just one ear, Dizziness or balance challenges, Voice changes, including hoarseness, Trouble opening the mouth, Trouble breathing and speaking, Trouble chewing and swallowing, Nasal congestion, or a stuffy nose, Nose bleeds, Facial weakness or paralysis, Pain in the head and neck area, including in the throat and ear. […] In addition, some head and neck cancers impact hormone levels. Symptoms of these cancers include: Unexplained weight gain or weight loss, High blood pressure, Excessive sweating, Constipation, Frequent urination, Bone pain or broken bones, Kidney stones, Muscle weakness, Fatigue.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancers – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet

  Head and neck cancer symptoms may include a lump in the neck or a sore in the mouth or the throat that does not heal and may be painful, a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty in swallowing, and a change or hoarseness in the voice. These symptoms may also be caused by other, less serious conditions. It is important to check with a doctor or dentist about any of these symptoms. […] Symptoms of cancers in specific areas of the head and neck include: […] Oral cavity. A white or red patch on the gums, the tongue, or the lining of the mouth; a growth or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable; and unusual bleeding or pain in the mouth. […] Throat (pharynx). Pain when swallowing; pain in the neck or the throat that does not go away; pain or ringing in the ears; or trouble hearing.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancers – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/head-neck-fact-sheet

  Voice box (larynx). Trouble breathing or speaking, pain when swallowing or ear pain. […] Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Sinuses that are blocked and do not clear; chronic sinus infections that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics; bleeding through the nose; frequent headaches, swelling or other trouble with the eyes; pain in the upper teeth; or problems with dentures. […] Salivary glands. Swelling under the chin or around the jawbone, numbness or paralysis of the muscles in the face, or pain in the face, the chin, or the neck that does not go away. […] If a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is going to spread, it almost always does so locally and/or to the lymph nodes in the neck. Sometimes, cancerous squamous cells can be found in the lymph nodes of the upper neck when there is no evidence of cancer in other parts of the head and neck, possibly because the original primary tumor is too small. When this happens, the cancer is called metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with unknown (occult) primary.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancers: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14458-head-and-neck-cancer

  The earlier its caught and treated, the better your chances of getting rid of the cancer for good. […] Cancer staging for head and neck cancers helps healthcare providers determine how advanced cancer is. […] The staging specifics differ depending on the type of head and neck cancer. But generally, lower numbers (I and II) mean that the cancer is in the early stages. Early-stage head and neck cancers have the highest treatment success rates. […] Some head and neck cancers are potentially curable. The chance of a cure is best if your healthcare provider finds the cancer early and treats it immediately. Small tumors that havent spread are also sometimes curable. […] The survival rate for people with Stage I (1) or Stage II (2) oral and throat cancer ranges from approximately 70% to 90%. This means that 70% to 90% of people diagnosed with a head and neck cancer at these stages are alive after five years.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancer Stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/head-neck/diagnosis/staging

  Head and neck cancer staging tells you how widespread or advanced the cancer is. Determining the stage helps doctors explain the extent of the cancer to you. It also helps them determine how to move forward with treatment, including surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. […] Stage I describes a very early stage of cancer. The tumor is not more than two centimeters. The cancer has not reached the lymph nodes. […] Stage II describes a tumor that is larger than two centimeters but not more than four centimeters. Stage II cancer has not reached the lymph nodes. […] Stage III head and neck cancer describes cancer that either is larger than four centimeters or has spread to a lymph node on the same side of the neck as the tumor and the lymph node is smaller than three centimeters. […] Stage IV is the most advanced stage of head and neck cancer. The tumor may be any size, but it has spread to nearby tissue or other areas of the head and neck, one large lymph node (more than three centimeters in size) and on the same side of the neck as the tumor, multiple lymph nodes of any size on the same side of the neck as the tumor, or one lymph node of any size on the side of the neck opposite the tumor.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancer Stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/head-neck/diagnosis/staging

  Head and neck cancer may be stage IV when it is first diagnosed. Stage IV head and neck cancer can also be recurrent head and neck cancer. Recurrent means the cancer has come back after treatment. The cancer may come back in the part of the body where it originally developed (regional recurrence), in the lymph nodes (regional relapse), or in another part of the body (distant recurrence). […] Stage III and stage IV head and neck cancers are more likely to recur than earlier-stage cancers.

• #1 Head and neck cancer: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/head-and-neck-cancer

  Symptoms of cancer in the salivary glands include: lumps or swelling near the jaw, pain in the face, facial numbness, facial drooping or changes, difficulty swallowing, decreased jaw mobility, facial muscle weakness. […] Head and neck cancer can spread to other parts of the body. Doctors call this metastatic cancer. For instance, cancer cells can travel to the lungs and begin to grow there. […] Head and neck cancer can spread from the original site to nearby areas of the body. It can also spread to the lymph nodes and through the lymphatic system, as well as through the nerves and blood vessels.

• #1 Head and neck cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

  Other symptoms can include: a lump in the lip, mouth, or gums; ulcers or mouth sores that do not heal; bleeding from the mouth or numbness; bad breath; discolored patches that persist in the mouth; a sore tongue; and slurring of speech if the cancer is affecting the tongue. There may also be congested sinuses, weight loss, and some numbness or paralysis of facial muscles. […] A significant proportion of people with head and neck cancer will present to their physicians with an already advanced stage disease. […] Although early-stage head and neck cancers (especially laryngeal and oral cavity) have high cure rates, up to 50% of people with head and neck cancer present with advanced disease. […] Cure rates decrease in locally advanced cases, whose probability of cure is inversely related to tumor size and even more so to the extent of regional node involvement. […] HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer has been shown to respond better to chemoradiation and, subsequently, have a better prognosis compared to non-associated HPV head and neck cancer.

• #1 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Types and Stages

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/throat-cancer-symptoms-treatments

  Throat cancer symptoms may include: […] Voice changes such as cracking, hoarseness, or trouble speaking clearly […] Trouble swallowing, chewing, or breathing […] A feeling like something’s caught in your throat […] A sore throat, cough (possibly with blood), or earache that won’t go away […] A headache […] Pain in your ears or neck […] A neck lump or soreness that doesn’t go away […] Unexplained weight loss […] Jaw stiffness […] Bleeding in your mouth or throat […] Loose teeth […] Bad breath […] Ulcers in your mouth or throat that don’t go away. […] See your doctor right away if any symptoms last more than a few weeks. […] Most people with early throat cancer don’t have any symptoms. If you do, you may see a lump or mass on one side. Usually, it won’t hurt, but sometimes you may have some pain in the back of your throat. […] The five-year relative survival rate for cancer in the throat or larynx is about 61%-69% based on the most recent data. But recent treatment advances mean that your odds will be better. They also will depend on how advanced your cancer is. […] If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor.

• #1 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23136-throat-cancer

  Throat cancer doesn’t usually cause symptoms right away. When symptoms do become noticeable, they’re often like those in less serious conditions, like a sore throat or earache. This can make it easy to delay seeing a healthcare provider. […] But it’s important not to ignore potential signs of throat cancer, especially if symptoms last two weeks or more. Most throat cancers are treatable. Some are curable. But getting diagnosed and treated as soon as possible is key. […] Signs and symptoms of throat cancer include: Sore throat, Ear pain (may feel like an earache), Difficulty swallowing or pain when you swallow, A lump in your neck, throat or the back of your mouth, Changes in your voice, like hoarseness, Ongoing cough or coughing up blood, Weight loss (usually because eating and swallowing are painful).

• #1 Head & Neck Cancer Symptoms | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/head-neck-cancer/head-neck-cancer-symptoms.html

  Most people with throat cancer dont have any symptoms. But when they do, a swollen lymph node or a painless lump in the neck are among the most common. […] Other MD Anderson patients have reported different throat cancer symptoms, such as news photographer Damion Smith, who lost his voice, and senior civil engineering inspector Scott Courville, who developed pain in his jaw, felt lumps in his throat and saw little white spots on his tonsils. […] Pain as a symptom of throat cancer is almost always only on one side, though. Its usually not in the middle, Lango says. And it tends to be both dull and persistent. Once its there, its always there. It never goes away. Thats a sign that it should get checked out. […] As a general rule, you should see a doctor about any worrisome symptoms that dont resolve on their own within two or three weeks. But see a doctor much sooner if you experience any of the following throat cancer symptoms: swallowing difficulties, involuntary weight loss, breathing problems, a change in your voice or ability to speak clearly, bleeding in the throat (which may be coughed or spit up). […] Having one or more of these symptoms doesnt necessarily mean you have throat cancer. But its important to be evaluated because throat cancer is easiest to treat when its caught in its earliest stages.

• #1 Diagnosing Head & Neck Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/head-neck-cancer/diagnosis

  To detect oral and oropharyngeal head and neck cancer as early as possible, Perlmutter Cancer Center doctors may encourage screening during annual medical and dental visits. Your dentist or primary care doctor should examine your mouth, lips, tongue, and gums for any open sores or growths. He or she should also examine your head and neck for lumps or swollen lymph nodes. […] If your doctor suspects you may have head and neck cancer, he or she asks about your symptoms and medical history and performs a physical exam. Your doctor may also perform imaging tests to help diagnose the condition. He or she provides customized treatment based on the location of the tumor and how advanced it is. […] Your doctor may perform a laryngoscopy if you have symptoms of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer, such as a persistent sore throat, a noticeable lump in your throat or neck, or difficulty swallowing.

• #1 Breaking Down Early Signs and Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer

  http://www.curetoday.com/view/breaking-down-early-signs-and-symptoms-of-head-and-neck-cancer

  Head and neck cancers represent 4% of U.S. cancer cases, with significant mortality rates, highlighting the need for awareness and early detection. […] These cancers affect multiple anatomical sites, leading to varied symptoms such as neck lumps, voice changes, and oral abnormalities. […] Early detection and awareness of symptoms are crucial for timely medical intervention and improved patient outcomes. […] Generally, many of these patients present with a lump in the neck because the primary tumor has spread to the regional lymph nodes. Patients, while shaving or feeling their neck, notice a lump, and that is very often how they present. […] If the tumor is in the larynx, they can present with hoarseness or changes in the quality of their voice. Therefore, it really depends on the site where it started.

• #2 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23136-throat-cancer

  Throat cancer doesn’t usually cause symptoms right away. When symptoms do become noticeable, they’re often like those in less serious conditions, like a sore throat or earache. This can make it easy to delay seeing a healthcare provider. […] But it’s important not to ignore potential signs of throat cancer, especially if symptoms last two weeks or more. Most throat cancers are treatable. Some are curable. But getting diagnosed and treated as soon as possible is key. […] Signs and symptoms of throat cancer include: Sore throat, Ear pain (may feel like an earache), Difficulty swallowing or pain when you swallow, A lump in your neck, throat or the back of your mouth, Changes in your voice, like hoarseness, Ongoing cough or coughing up blood, Weight loss (usually because eating and swallowing are painful).

• #2 10 Top Throat Cancer Symptoms & Signs | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/throat-cancer-symptoms.html

  Throat cancer symptoms vary from person to person and often depend on where the cancer first develops. […] The symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer include: A painless lump in the neck about two inches below the jaw line. It can often be seen and felt from the outside. This lump is a lymph node that is swollen with cancer cells. In many cases, the lymph node grows larger than the primary tumor. Doctors often misdiagnose this lump as a symptom of a common infection and prescribe antibiotics. The lump does not respond to these drugs, leading doctors to look for other causes, including oropharyngeal cancer. […] A persistent sore throat […] A dull earache on one side […] One tonsil that is larger and/or shaped differently than the other […] A red or white patch on the tonsil or palate […] Spitting up blood

• #2 Are There Early Symptoms for Head and Neck Cancer? | Neck Cancer Symptoms

  https://chicagoent.com/cancer/early-symptoms-head-neck-cancer/

  Cancer of the esophagus or throat can make it harder to swallow solid foods and even liquids. Whenever you eat, the food may end up getting stuck or go through your stomach, only to come right back up. If you find that youre having difficulty anytime you swallow something, you need to see your doctor as soon as possible. […] If you have a lump in your neck that lasts for over two weeks, let your doctor know. This is not normal. Although all lumps are not cancer, having a lump in your neck for this period of time could be something else of concern. […] If you spot blood in your phlegm or saliva for more than a couple of days, let your doctor know as soon as you can. […] Any mole that begins to bleed or change color or size could be a sign of malignant melanoma. You should have this looked at by a doctor or a dermatologist.

• #2 Head and Neck Cancer Symptoms and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/head-and-neck-cancer-multidisciplinary-clinic/guide-head-and-neck-cancers

  Head and neck cancer is one or more of a variety of cancers that can affect the area, including the throat, lip, salivary gland, and palate. Common symptoms of head and neck cancer are: A persistent sore throat […] A lump in the throat, mouth, jaw or neck […] A sore/ ulcer in the mouth […] Difficulty swallowing, breathing, speaking, or moving the jaw […] Pain or numbness in the face […] A white or red patch in the mouth […] Weight loss […] Trouble hearing or pain in the ear […] Persistent pain in the neck […] Headaches […] Pain when chewing or swallowing […] Changes to the voice or hoarseness […] Recurring nosebleeds or irregular discharge […] Swelling in the jaw or neck. Symptoms of thyroid cancer include: A lump or swelling on the front of the neck […] Hoarseness or changes to the voice

• #2 Head and neck cancer symptoms | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/head-and-neck-cancer/signs-and-symptoms-of-head-and-neck-cancer

  Symptoms of head and neck cancer can include one or more of the symptoms listed below. […] Pain or bleeding could include: discomfort or pain, usually in the mouth; bleeding in the mouth or nosebleeds; a sore throat or earache that does not get better; pain in the cheek or any part of your face; pain behind the nose or in the upper teeth. […] You may have swelling: in the upper neck, caused by a swollen lymph node; in front of or behind the ear, or under the jawbone; in the cheek; around the eyes. […] You might notice that you: have a blocked nose on one side that does not clear; are breathing more loudly than usual. […] If you have bad breath that does not improve with better oral hygiene, speak to your doctor. […] These changes could be: difficulty or pain with chewing, swallowing or speaking; loose teeth for no obvious reason, or dentures that do not fit well anymore; changes in your speech; numbness of the cheek, upper lip, upper teeth or side of the nose; drooping on one side of the face or difficulty opening your mouth; changes in your hearing.

• #2 Head and neck cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/head-and-neck-cancer/

  Mouth cancer is the most common type of head and neck cancer. Symptoms of mouth cancer can include mouth ulcers and unexplained, persistent lumps in your mouth, both of which may be painful. […] Symptoms of laryngeal cancer can include: a change in the voice, such as persistent hoarseness; difficulty or pain when swallowing; noisy breathing; shortness of breath; a persistent cough; a lump or swelling in your neck. […] The most common symptoms of cancer in the oropharynx or hypopharynx include a lump in the neck, a persistent sore throat and difficulty swallowing. […] The main symptom of salivary gland cancer is a lump or swelling on or near your jaw, or in your mouth or neck. But most of these lumps are non-cancerous. Other symptoms can include numbness in part of your face and drooping on one side of your face.

• #2 Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/head-and-neck-cancer/symptoms/

  In the early stages, head and neck cancers may have no symptoms. Many of the symptoms of head and neck cancers are common for other illnesses, so they don’t necessarily mean you have cancer – only tests can confirm the diagnosis. […] If you are concerned about any of these symptoms, see your general practitioner (GP) without delay. For oral cancers, your dentist may also be able to give you advice and refer you to a specialist. […] Mouth (oral) cancers: mouth pain, pain when swallowing, a persistent sore or swelling in the mouth, or the area not healing after having a tooth extracted, a sore throat that doesn’t get better, unusual bleeding or numbness in the mouth, red or white patches on the gums, tongue or mouth, bad breath, changes in speech or trouble pronouncing words, difficulty chewing or swallowing food or moving the tongue, weight loss, loose teeth, or dentures that no longer fit, earache, a lump in the neck.

• #2 Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer | Cancer Council NSW

  https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/head-and-neck-cancer/symptoms/

  Throat (pharyngeal) cancers: a lump in the neck, a persistent sore throat or cough, difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth wide, pain when swallowing, coughing up bloody mucus, bad breath, weight loss, voice changes or hoarseness, dull pain around the neck, earache, feeling that your air supply is blocked, numb face, a blocked nose, hearing loss, headache. […] Voice box (laryngeal) cancers: a persistent change in the sound of your voice, including hoarseness, a sore throat that doesn’t get better, difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing, coughing all the time, difficulty breathing, weight loss, pain in the ear, a lump in the neck. […] Nose (nasal cavity or sinus) cancers: reduced sense of smell, a persistent blocked nose or ear, frequent nosebleeds, lots of mucus in the throat or the back of the nose, frequent headaches or sinus pressure, difficulty swallowing, loose or painful upper teeth, a lump on the face or in the nose or mouth, numb face, upper lip or inside mouth, pressure or pain in ears, a bulging or watery eye, double vision or complete or partial loss of eyesight, a lump in the neck. […] Salivary gland cancer: swelling lump near the ear, jaw or lip, or inside the mouth, left and right sides of the face or neck looking different, drooping, numbness or muscle weakness on one side of the face (palsy).

• #2 Head and neck cancer

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/head-and-neck-cancer/

  The symptoms of nasal and sinus cancer are similar to viral or bacterial infections, such as the common cold or sinusitis, and include: a persistent blocked nose, which usually only affects 1 side; nosebleeds; a decreased sense of smell; mucus running from the nose or down the throat. […] Symptoms can include: a lump in the neck, due to the cancer spreading to the lymph nodes (small glands that are part of the immune system) in the neck; a blocked or stuffy nose; nosebleeds; hearing loss (usually only in 1 ear).

• #2 Head and neck cancer: Symptoms, causes and treatments | The Royal Marsden

  https://www.royalmarsden.nhs.uk/private-care/news-and-blogs/head-and-neck-cancer-symptoms-causes-and-treatments

  All of these throat cancers can cause: A lump in the neck, Difficulty swallowing, Constant sore throat, Unexplained weight loss, Pain in the ears, neck, or throat. […] Symptoms of nasal and sinus cancer include: Nosebleeds, A nasal drip, Hearing loss, A blocked nose on one side, Lost or decreased sense of smell. […] Symptoms of late-stage nasal and sinus cancer include: Headaches, A numb or painful face, Numbness in the teeth, Pain or pressure in one ear, Swollen glands in the neck, Watery or bulging eyes, Pain above or below the eyes, Vision change – impaired or double vision, Difficulty opening your mouth. […] Symptoms of salivary gland cancer include: A partially numb face, Problems swallowing, Fluid draining from your ear, Swelling on one side of the face, Difficulty opening your mouth fully, Dropping on one side of your face, A painless lump in or around your jaw, neck, ear, or mouth.

• #2 Head and Neck Cancer Stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/head-neck/diagnosis/staging

  Head and neck cancer staging tells you how widespread or advanced the cancer is. Determining the stage helps doctors explain the extent of the cancer to you. It also helps them determine how to move forward with treatment, including surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. […] Stage I describes a very early stage of cancer. The tumor is not more than two centimeters. The cancer has not reached the lymph nodes. […] Stage II describes a tumor that is larger than two centimeters but not more than four centimeters. Stage II cancer has not reached the lymph nodes. […] Stage III head and neck cancer describes cancer that either is larger than four centimeters or has spread to a lymph node on the same side of the neck as the tumor and the lymph node is smaller than three centimeters. […] Stage IV is the most advanced stage of head and neck cancer. The tumor may be any size, but it has spread to nearby tissue or other areas of the head and neck, one large lymph node (more than three centimeters in size) and on the same side of the neck as the tumor, multiple lymph nodes of any size on the same side of the neck as the tumor, or one lymph node of any size on the side of the neck opposite the tumor.

• #2 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-throat-or-larynx

  Cancer can develop in the larynx, vocal cords, tonsils, or pharynx. […] Common signs and symptoms of cancers that occur in the throat include: change in your voice, trouble swallowing (dysphagia), weight loss, sore throat, a constant need to clear your throat, persistent cough, possibly with blood, swollen lymph nodes in your neck, wheezing, ear pain, hoarseness. […] Make a doctors appointment if any of these symptoms develop and do not go away. […] If symptoms such as a sore throat, hoarseness, and persistent cough are not improving and dont have an explanation, your doctor may suspect cancer in some part of the throat. […] If your doctor finds cancerous cells in your throat, they will order additional tests to identify the stage, or the extent, of your cancer. […] The most basic way of staging cancers in the throat involves a number system, ranging from 0-4: Stage 0: The tumor is only on the top layer of cells of the affected part of the throat. Stage 1: The tumor is limited to the part of the throat where it started. Stage 2: The tumor has grown into a nearby area. Stage 3: The tumor has grown into other structures in the throat or spread to one lymph node. Stage 4: The tumor has spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs.

• #2 Head and neck cancer: Symptoms, causes, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/head-and-neck-cancer

  Symptoms of cancer in the salivary glands include: lumps or swelling near the jaw, pain in the face, facial numbness, facial drooping or changes, difficulty swallowing, decreased jaw mobility, facial muscle weakness. […] Head and neck cancer can spread to other parts of the body. Doctors call this metastatic cancer. For instance, cancer cells can travel to the lungs and begin to grow there. […] Head and neck cancer can spread from the original site to nearby areas of the body. It can also spread to the lymph nodes and through the lymphatic system, as well as through the nerves and blood vessels.

• #2 Head and neck cancer – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer

  Other symptoms can include: a lump in the lip, mouth, or gums; ulcers or mouth sores that do not heal; bleeding from the mouth or numbness; bad breath; discolored patches that persist in the mouth; a sore tongue; and slurring of speech if the cancer is affecting the tongue. There may also be congested sinuses, weight loss, and some numbness or paralysis of facial muscles. […] A significant proportion of people with head and neck cancer will present to their physicians with an already advanced stage disease. […] Although early-stage head and neck cancers (especially laryngeal and oral cavity) have high cure rates, up to 50% of people with head and neck cancer present with advanced disease. […] Cure rates decrease in locally advanced cases, whose probability of cure is inversely related to tumor size and even more so to the extent of regional node involvement. […] HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer has been shown to respond better to chemoradiation and, subsequently, have a better prognosis compared to non-associated HPV head and neck cancer.

• #2 Head and Neck Cancer | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/head-neck-cancers

  Symptoms of head and neck cancers include a lump or sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty swallowing and a change or hoarseness in the voice. […] The most common symptoms that we see for patients that are diagnosed with head and neck cancer is commonly pain in the throat, but also patients will commonly notice a swelling in the neck. The most important thing that patients should be aware of is that those symptoms are common, but the key issue that patients run into that signify that they might have cancer is the persistence of these symptoms. So they may come and go, but they stay. And that is the sign that you should see your primary care physician. […] HPV cancers are probably the fastest growing subtype of head and neck cancer. If you look at the number of new cases of head and neck cancer over the last 10 to 20 years, HPV-related cancers are probably the fastest growing subset, while head and neck cancers related to smoking and alcohol use are decreasing steadily.

• #2 Are There Early Symptoms for Head and Neck Cancer? | Neck Cancer Symptoms

  https://chicagoent.com/cancer/early-symptoms-head-neck-cancer/

  Any kind of cancer can be scary. But when it comes to cancer with the head and neck, it can seem like there are no warning signs to watch out for. The symptoms of head and neck cancer can affect certain parts of the nose, sinuses, larynx, throat, and mouth. Often, the malignant growths are found in the epithelium above the mucous membranes of the different neck and head structures. This can then lead to symptoms in the immediate area. These symptoms can vary. Many of the signs of head and neck cancer can be due to other less complicated conditions. […] Like most other cancers, having cancer thats located in the head and neck can be cured if its caught early enough. The good news is, most neck and head cancers exhibit early signs. […] A painless growth or sore in the mouth that doesnt go away could be a sign of tongue or mouth cancers. There might be bleeding, but that wont usually occur until later stages of cancer. If you have any swelling in your mouth that doesnt disappear in a week, you need to see your doctor sooner than later.

• #2 Head and Neck Cancer Stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/head-neck/diagnosis/staging

  Head and neck cancer may be stage IV when it is first diagnosed. Stage IV head and neck cancer can also be recurrent head and neck cancer. Recurrent means the cancer has come back after treatment. The cancer may come back in the part of the body where it originally developed (regional recurrence), in the lymph nodes (regional relapse), or in another part of the body (distant recurrence). […] Stage III and stage IV head and neck cancers are more likely to recur than earlier-stage cancers.

• #2 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-throat-or-larynx

  Treatment options for throat cancer include: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy. […] If the tumor in your throat is small, your doctor may surgically remove the tumor. […] Following the removal of the tumor, your doctor may recommend radiation therapy. […] In the case of large tumors and tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes and other organs or tissue, your doctor may recommend chemotherapy as well as radiation. […] The outlook for people with cancer in the throat depends on various factors. These include where it started, the type, and individual factors, such as whether the person smokes cigarettes and continues to smoke. […] Per the American Cancer Society, if you receive an early diagnosis, before cancer has spread, the 5-year relative survival rate is 59%.

• #2 Head & Neck Cancer Symptoms | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/head-neck-cancer/head-neck-cancer-symptoms.html

  Most people with throat cancer dont have any symptoms. But when they do, a swollen lymph node or a painless lump in the neck are among the most common. […] Other MD Anderson patients have reported different throat cancer symptoms, such as news photographer Damion Smith, who lost his voice, and senior civil engineering inspector Scott Courville, who developed pain in his jaw, felt lumps in his throat and saw little white spots on his tonsils. […] Pain as a symptom of throat cancer is almost always only on one side, though. Its usually not in the middle, Lango says. And it tends to be both dull and persistent. Once its there, its always there. It never goes away. Thats a sign that it should get checked out. […] As a general rule, you should see a doctor about any worrisome symptoms that dont resolve on their own within two or three weeks. But see a doctor much sooner if you experience any of the following throat cancer symptoms: swallowing difficulties, involuntary weight loss, breathing problems, a change in your voice or ability to speak clearly, bleeding in the throat (which may be coughed or spit up). […] Having one or more of these symptoms doesnt necessarily mean you have throat cancer. But its important to be evaluated because throat cancer is easiest to treat when its caught in its earliest stages.

• #3 Nomenclature of the symptoms of head and neck cancer: a systematic scoping review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11216301/

  Symptoms of HNC are common presenting complaints, interpreting these along with clinical history, examination and risk factors will inform a clinicians decision to refer as suspected cancer. […] The extracted data related to signs, symptoms and referral criteria were categorised in terms of the type of language: patient or lay terms for symptoms, clinical terms for symptoms and the language of clinical examination findings, signs, and diagnostic terms. […] Symptoms of HNC are very commonly experienced in the general population, like an earache, a sore throat or hoarseness. […] The most common presenting symptom – neck swelling (45.8% unilateral, 16.7% bilateral – on presentation all had on clinical examination only 70.9% complained of this. […] A recent publication of the analysis of UK General Practice (GP) Cancer Diagnosis Audit in 2018, exploring the signature symptoms of incident cancers, found the signature symptoms for HNC were neck lump, ulceration and, hoarseness.

• #3 Head & Neck Cancer Symptoms | The University of Kansas Cancer Center

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/cancer/cancer-types/head-neck-cancer/head-neck-cancer-symptoms-risks

  Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas that begin in the cells that line the moist, mucosal surfaces. […] General head and neck cancer symptoms may include: Lump in your neck, Ear, throat or neck pain, Difficulty swallowing, Changes in your voice, especially unexplained hoarseness, Changes in your vision, Mouth sores, Poorly fitting dentures. […] Symptoms can also vary depending on the specific cancer diagnosis. […] If any of these symptoms lasts longer than 2 weeks, alert your physician. While these are not conclusive indicators of cancer, they may point to the need for additional diagnosis and screening.

• #3 Head and Neck Cancer Symptoms and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/head-and-neck-cancer-multidisciplinary-clinic/guide-head-and-neck-cancers

  Frequent nosebleeds […] Hoarseness or changes in the voice […] Difficulty swallowing […] Jaw pain. Symptoms of laryngeal cancer include: Hoarseness […] A lump in the neck from an enlarged lymph node […] Ear pain […] Difficulty swallowing. Symptoms of oral cancer include: A sore or lump on the lip or in the mouth that doesn’t heal […] White or red patches on the gums, tongue, or cheeks […] Unusual or persistent bleeding, pain, or numbness in the mouth […] Swelling in the mouth […] Jaw pain or stiffness […] Difficult or painful chewing […] Difficult or painful swallowing […] Loose teeth […] Persistent sore throat.

• #3 Head and Neck Cancer Symptoms and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/head-and-neck-cancer-multidisciplinary-clinic/guide-head-and-neck-cancers

  Difficulty swallowing […] Swollen lymph nodes […] Difficulty breathing […] Throat or neck pain […] Persistent cough without having a cold. Symptoms of salivary gland cancer include: A lump or swelling on the jaw or in the neck or mouth […] Numbness in the face […] Muscle weakness on one side of the face […] Persistent pain in a salivary gland […] Difficulty swallowing […] Trouble opening the mouth. Symptoms of cancer of the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinus include: Persistent nasal congestion […] Chronic sinus infections that do not respond to antibiotics […] Frequent headaches or sinus pain […] Swelling of the eyes […] Reduced sense of smell. Symptoms of pharyngeal cancer include: A lump in the neck […] Nasal congestion […] Pain or ringing in the ears […] Persistent sore throat

• #3 What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer? | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer/what-are-symptoms-head-and-neck-cancer

  The most common symptoms for salivary gland cancers are: swelling or a lump near the ear, jaw or lip, or inside the mouth; pain in the ear, jaw, neck or mouth that won’t go away; a difference in how the left and right side of the face or neck look; drooping, numbness or weakness on one side of the face; trouble opening the mouth widely; difficulty swallowing; fluid draining from an ear.

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