Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Obesity – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742

  Obesity is a complex disease involving having too much body fat. Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It’s a medical problem that increases the risk of many other diseases and health problems. These can include heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, liver disease, sleep apnea and certain cancers. […] For most people, BMI provides a reasonable estimate of body fat. However, BMI doesn’t directly measure body fat. Some people, such as muscular athletes, may have a BMI in the obesity category even though they don’t have excess body fat. […] Many health care professionals also measure around a person’s waist to help guide treatment decisions. This measurement is called a waist circumference. Weight-related health problems are more common in men with a waist circumference over 40 inches (102 centimeters). They’re more common in women with a waist measurement over 35 inches (89 centimeters). Body fat percentage is another measurement that may be used during a weight loss program to track progress.

• #2 Obesity: What It Is, Classes, Symptoms, Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity

  Obesity can cause health problems throughout your body. Obesity has direct and indirect effects on many body systems. Obesity is when you have excessive body fat. Its a chronic (long-term) and complex disease that can affect your overall health and quality of life. Obesity can lead to serious medical conditions. It can affect your self-esteem and mental health. […] While obesity is a disease, it doesnt cause specific symptoms. A healthcare provider may define obesity by calculating your: Body mass index: The BMI measures average body weight against average body height. Healthcare providers use BMI to classify obesity. Body shape: Providers may measure your waist circumference. […] Obesity affects your body in many ways. For example, it may cause metabolic changes that increase your risk of serious illnesses. Obesity may also have direct and indirect effects on your overall health.

• #2 Obesity: What It Is, Classes, Symptoms, Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11209-weight-control-and-obesity

  Excess body fat can crowd the organs of your respiratory system and put stress and strain on your musculoskeletal system. This contributes to: Arthritis. Asthma. Back pain. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Sleep apnea. […] Having obesity increases your risk of conditions and diseases like: Certain cancers, including esophageal, pancreatic, colorectal, breast, uterine and ovarian. Depression and mood disorders. Female infertility and pregnancy complications. Issues with memory and cognition, including a heightened risk of Alzheimers disease and dementia. […] Having obesity increases your risk of some serious medical conditions. But having obesity doesnt mean you have those conditions or theres nothing you can do to prevent them. Remember, weight loss of just 5% to 10% can significantly improve your health risks. Sticking with a long-term treatment plan can help you maintain weight loss.

• #3 Overweight and Obesity – Symptoms and Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/overweight-and-obesity/symptoms

  There are no specific symptoms of overweight and obesity. Your healthcare provider may diagnose overweight and obesity based on your medical history and high body mass index (BMI). […] To better understand the health risks that overweight and obesity may pose to a specific person providers can measure the persons distribution of body fat. […] However, depending on where the fatty tissue is found, it may do more harm than good. Fatty tissue found inside your abdomen is called visceral or abdominal fat. […] It also promotes inflammation and contributes to obesity-related complications, including heart disease and diabetes.

• #4 Obesity: Definition, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/obesity

  Obesity is a long-term (chronic) health condition that progresses over time. Obesity is defined by excess body fat (adipose tissue) that may impair health. […] In adults, obesity is often defined as having a BMI of 30 or more, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing serious diseases, including: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer. […] There are no specific symptoms associated with obesity. A doctor may diagnose obesity based on the following factors: excess amounts of abdominal (visceral) fat that are higher than the amounts of body fat in other areas, a waist circumference of greater than 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women, a BMI over 30. […] Obesity can lead to more than weight gain. Having a high ratio of body fat to muscle puts strain on your bones as well as your internal organs. It also increases inflammation in the body, which may be a risk factor for cancer. Obesity is also a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

• #5 Obesity Symptoms for Adults and Children

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/obesity-symptoms-4689168

  The symptoms of obesity go beyond excess body fat. People with obesity may experience skin problems, shortness of breath, trouble sleeping, and more. […] Common symptoms of obesity in adults include: Excess body fat, particularly around the waist, Shortness of breath, Sweating more than usual, Snoring, Trouble sleeping, Skin problems from moisture accumulating in the folds, Inability to perform simple physical tasks you could easily perform before weight gain, Fatigue, which can range from mild to extreme, Pain, especially in the back and joints, Psychological issues such as negative self-esteem, depression, shame, and social isolation. […] Common childhood obesity symptoms may include: Fatty tissue deposits (may be noticeable in the breast area), Stretch marks on the hips and back, Acanthosis nigricans (dark velvety skin around the neck and other areas), Shortness of breath with physical activity, Sleep apnea, Constipation, Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Low self-esteem, Early puberty in biological females/delayed puberty in biological males, Orthopedic problems, such as flat feet or dislocated hips.

• #6

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/obesity/

  The term obese describes a person who has excess body fat. […] Obesity is a serious health concern that increases the risk of many other health conditions. […] Living with overweight and obesity can also affect your quality of life and contribute to mental health problems, such as depression, and can also affect self-esteem. […] Living with obesity can cause a number of further problems, including difficulties with daily activities and serious health conditions. […] Living with obesity can also increase your risk of developing many potentially serious health conditions, including: type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis (where fatty deposits narrow your arteries), which can lead to coronary heart disease and stroke, asthma, metabolic syndrome, a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity, several types of cancer, including bowel cancer, breast cancer and womb cancer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), where stomach acid leaks out of the stomach and into the gullet, gallstones, reduced fertility, osteoarthritis, a condition involving pain and stiffness in your joints, sleep apnoea, a condition that causes interrupted breathing during sleep, which can lead to daytime sleepiness with an increased risk of road traffic accidents, as well as a greater risk of diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease, liver disease and kidney disease, pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia, when a woman experiences a potentially dangerous rise in blood pressure during pregnancy. […] Obesity reduces life expectancy by an average of 3 to 10 years, depending on how severe it is.

• #7 Symptoms of Obesity

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/obesity/symptoms

  The most obvious symptom is the increase in weight, therefore the symptoms that may be presented arise from this increase in weight that, among others, may be: […] Difficulty in sleeping. Sleep apnoea, daytime drowsiness. […] Back and/or joint pains. […] Excessive sweating. […] Intolerance to heat. […] Infections in skin folds. […] Fatigue. […] Depression. […] Feeling of shortness of breath (dyspnoea). […] The main signs also derive from the magnitude of the excess weight, the most frequent being: […] Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. […] Waist circumference greater than 94 cm in men and 88 cm in women. […] High blood pressure level 140/90 mmHg.

• #8 Obesity Symptoms – WelcomeCure

  https://welcomecure.com/diseases/obesity/symptoms

  Symptoms of Obesity can be listed as follows: […] An obese person has a BMI of more than 30. Most of the extra fat will accumulate around either the waist and chest (Apple-shaped obesity) or the hips and buttocks (Pear-shaped obesity). Men who are obese tend to have big waists. Women tend to carry extra weight on their hips. […] Symptoms of Obesity due to excess weight: Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath, Increased perspiration, Sleep disturbances, Snoring, Inability to move about quickly with difficulty in coping with day-to-day physical activities, Extreme tiredness and laziness all day. […] Symptoms of Obesity of cardiac origin due to heart disturbances: Increased perspiration, breathlessness, chest pain, swelling of ankles, etc. due to high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, ischemic heart disease, cardiac failure, etc.

• #9 Obesity Causes & Symptoms | The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/obesity

  Obesity is a serious medical condition that can severely impact your overall health and well-being. Obesity also increases the risk for many other health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease and stroke. […] The effects and symptoms obesity has on the body are numerous: Back pain, Excess body fat, especially around the waist, Fatigue, Heavy sweating, Inability to perform physical tasks, Insomnia, Joint pain. […] In addition to the physical symptoms of obesity, being severely overweight can have a negative impact psychologically. Obesity can also lead to increased anxiety and depression, as well as disordered eating patterns. […] The risks of developing obesity can be any combination of genetic, metabolic, hormonal, environmental and lifestyle factors. Ultimately, however, excessive weight gain happens when more calories are taken in than the body can burn through normal daily activities and exercising. […] If you are diagnosed with obesity, your doctor may recommend further tests to check whether obesity may be contributing to (or resulting from) other symptoms or related health conditions.

• #10 Obesity Symptoms for Adults and Children

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/obesity-symptoms-4689168

  Morbid obesity is a growing health concern in many developed countries of the world today, particularly in the United States. […] Morbid obesity is also called extreme obesity or class III obesity. It can make it hard to complete everyday activities such as walking and can make it hard to breathe. It also raises your risk of many serious health conditions. […] Obesity can lead to many serious health complications. Persons with obesity are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health conditions, including: High blood pressure (hypertension) or heart disease from the heart working harder to pump blood throughout the body, High cholesterol levels (fatty deposits that can block arteries), which can lead to stroke, heart attack, and other complications, Type 2 diabetes, which is directly linked to obesity in nearly 50% of cases, Some types of cancer, which are linked to obesity in about 40% of cases, Asthma, plus worse asthma symptoms and control, which leads to more hospitalizations and medication usage, Obese asthma, which is a unique type of asthma found only in some people with obesity, Kidney disease due to kidney damage from chronic high blood pressure, Osteoarthritis from excess strain on the joints, bones, and muscles, Gallbladder disease, which becomes 7% more likely with each step up on the BMI chart, Sleep apnea from fat deposits in the neck and tongue that block airways, GERD, hiatal hernia, and heartburn from excess weight pushing on the valve that’s supposed to keep stomach contents out of the esophagus.

• #11 Morbid obesity: Symptoms, treatment, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320460

  Clinically severe obesity, or morbid obesity, can increase the risk of a range of health issues. […] Having severe obesity can make it difficult to do everyday activities, such as walking, breathing, and sleeping. It can also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and various other health conditions. […] A person with obesity has a greater risk of heart disease and other conditions. The higher the class of obesity, the greater the likelihood of developing these complications. […] The complications of obesity can include: metabolic syndrome, which includes type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and other features; high levels of bad cholesterol and low levels of good cholesterol; high levels of triglycerides; stroke; heart disease; gallbladder disease; osteoarthritis; sleep apnea and other breathing problems; mental health conditions, such as depression and anxiety; some cancers; body pain; difficulty with daily functions and activities; a higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19, especially among Hispanic and Black Americans.

• #12 Disease of Obesity – American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

  https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity/

  Obesity is no longer considered a cosmetic issue that is caused by overeating and a lack of self-control. […] The disease of obesity is extremely costly not only in terms of economics, but also in terms of individual and societal health, longevity, and psychological well-being. Due to its progressive nature, obesity requires life-long treatment and control. […] Not only has the obesity epidemic increased in number throughout the past two decades, but also in severity. […] Weight gain causes a number of hormonal, metabolic and molecular changes in the body that increase the risk for even greater fat accumulation. […] Obesity reduces mobility and the number of calories that would be burned in the performance of activity. […] Weight gain may also cause psychological or emotional distress which, in turn, produces hormonal changes that may cause further weight gain by stimulating appetite and by increasing fat uptake into fat storage depots.

• #13 Disease of Obesity – American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

  https://asmbs.org/patients/disease-of-obesity/

  In all of these ways and more, obesity begets obesity, trapping the individual in a vicious weight gain cycle. […] Multiple factors acting upon a genetic background cause weight gain and obesity. Conditions associated with weight gain and biological changes in the body that occur as a result of weight gain contribute to progression of the disease, often trapping the individual in a vicious weight gain cycle.

• #14 Obesity Is a Chronic Disease | Rethink Obesity®

  https://www.rethinkobesity.com/disease-progression.html

  Obesity is a serious disease that is chronic, progressive, and prevalent. […] The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased in recent decades. […] Since 1999, the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity has jumped from 30.5% to 42.4%. […] The prevalence of obesity approaches that of some other diseases. […] The number of adults in the US living with obesity approaches the number of adults living with hypertension and/or CVD. […] US adults with obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) compared with those with normal weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) had higher health care costs. […] Specifically, obesity doubled medical expenditures and increased both ambulatory (outpatient) and inpatient visits. […] Diagnosis is an important step in managing obesity. […] Obesity Is Chronic and Progressive.

• #15 Obesity – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742

  People with obesity are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including: Heart disease and strokes. Obesity makes you more likely to have high blood pressure and unhealthy cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for heart disease and strokes. Type 2 diabetes. Obesity can affect the way the body uses insulin to control blood sugar levels. This raises the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. Certain cancers. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, ovary, breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney and prostate. […] Obesity can diminish the overall quality of life. You may not be able to do physical activities that you used to enjoy. You may avoid public places. People with obesity may even encounter discrimination.

• #16 Obesity (Excessively Overweight): Health Effects and Next Steps

  https://www.webmd.com/obesity/what-obesity-is

  Doctors have traditionally used body mass index (BMI) as a tool to determine whether someone is overweight or obese. A BMI of 30 or more is in the obese category. If your BMI is 25 to 29.9, your weight is classified as overweight but not obese. […] Some day-to-day symptoms you might have with obesity include: Tiredness, Joint pain, Snoring, Getting out of breath easily, A hard time doing physical activities. […] Obesity raises your risk of several other chronic conditions, including: Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Cancer, Digestive Conditions, Osteoarthritis, Sleep apnea, Asthma, Infertility, Pregnancy complications, Back pain, Alzheimer’s disease, Depression. […] While not everyone with obesity has other serious health problems, research shows that it’s rare to be both obese and healthy for the long term.

• #17 Health Risks of Overweight & Obesity – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks

  Overweight and obesity may increase your risk for many health problemsespecially if you carry extra fat around your waist. […] Nearly 9 in 10 people with type 2 diabetes have overweight or obesity. […] Overweight and obesity may raise your risk for high blood pressure. […] High blood pressure can strain your heart, damage blood vessels, and raise your risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and death. […] Having overweight or obesity increases your risk of developing conditions that can lead to heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and high blood glucose. […] Overweight and obesity are known to increase blood pressureand high blood pressure is the leading cause of strokes. […] Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to overweight and obesity and to a lack of physical activity.

• #18 Obesity – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity

  Obesity is a medical condition, considered by multiple organizations to be a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI) a person’s weight divided by the square of the person’s height is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25-30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. […] Obesity increases a person’s risk of developing various metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer disease, depression, and certain types of cancer. Depending on the degree of obesity and the presence of comorbid disorders, obesity is associated with an estimated 2-20 year shorter life expectancy.

• #19 Obesity – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity

  Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. The mortality risk is lowest at a BMI of 20-25 kg/m2 in non-smokers and at 24-27 kg/m2 in current smokers, with risk increasing along with changes in either direction. In 2021, the World Health Organization estimated that obesity caused at least 2.8 million deaths annually. On average, obesity reduces life expectancy by six to seven years, a BMI of 30-35 kg/m2 reduces life expectancy by two to four years, while severe obesity (BMI 40 kg/m2) reduces life expectancy by ten years.

• #20 What are the Signs and Symptoms of Obesity?

  https://www.hexahealth.com/blog/symptoms-of-obesity

  Obesity symptoms affect the body in several ways. A few may include mechanical effects on the body (extra weight, too much pressure on the joints). In contrast, other symptoms of obesity are more subtle and appear over a long time, such as chemical changes in the body (increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke). […] Obesity can lead to heart diseases like congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart attack and stroke. These diseases may further aggravate due to the factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, inflammation, and high blood sugar. […] Obesity specifically increases the risk of type II diabetes by 20% for every additional score you gain on the BMI scale.

• #20 What are the Signs and Symptoms of Obesity?

  https://www.hexahealth.com/blog/symptoms-of-obesity

  Obesity is a long-term, complex disorder caused by several medical conditions, leading to excessive body fat and poor health. Body fat is not a disease, but excess body fat can negatively affect overall health. Excess body fat leads to changes in the body, which worsen over time, causing adverse health effects. […] The most visible obesity symptoms and signs are excess body fat and an increase in weight. A person may also experience other signs and symptoms of obesity, like: Difficulty in sleeping (daytime drowsiness, sleep apnoea), Joint pain, Excessive sweating, Shortness of breath, Infections in the skin folds, Intolerance to heat, Fatigue, Depression, Irregular menstrual cycles. […] The late symptoms of obesity often occur due to the magnitude of weight gain; as a result, a person may notice the following: Swelling and varicose veins in the legs, Acanthosis nigricans: a skin condition characterised by hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis in the armpits and skin folds, Stretch marks due to rupture of the skin’s elastic fibres, High blood pressure, Body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2, Waist circumference: more than 88 cm in women; more than 94 cm in men.

• #21 Health Risks of Overweight & Obesity – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks

  NAFLD and NASH most often affect people who have overweight or obesity. […] Overweight and obesity may raise your risk of developing certain types of cancer. […] Overweight and obesity can also affect how well your lungs work, and excess weight increases your risk for breathing problems. […] Obesity is a common cause of sleep apnea in adults. […] Obesity can increase your risk of developing asthma, experiencing worse symptoms, and having a harder time managing the condition. […] Obesity is a leading risk factor for osteoarthritis in the knees, hips, and ankles. […] Having overweight or obesity may raise your risk of getting osteoarthritis by putting extra pressure on your joints and cartilage. […] Gout develops when crystals made of a substance called uric acid build up in your joints.

• #22 Health Risks of Overweight & Obesity – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/health-risks

  Overweight and obesity may raise your risk of getting gallbladder diseases, such as gallstones and cholecystitis. […] Obesity raises the risk of developing diabetes and high blood pressure, which are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). […] Overweight and obesity raise the risk of developing health problems during pregnancy that can affect the pregnancy and the baby’s health. […] Obesity increases the risk of developing infertility. […] Obesity may also increase the risk of developing sexual function problems. […] In addition to increasing the risk for developing physical health problems, obesity can also affect mental health, increasing the risk for developing long-term stress, body image problems, low self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders.

• #23 Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS): MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000085.htm

  Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) causes poor breathing in some people with obesity. It leads to lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide levels in the blood. […] The main symptoms of OHS are due to lack of sleep and include: Poor sleep quality, Sleep apnea, Daytime sleepiness, Depression, Headaches, Tiredness. Symptoms of low blood oxygen level (chronic hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide can occur. Symptoms include shortness of breath or feeling tired after little effort. […] Untreated, OHS can lead to serious heart and blood vessel problems, severe disability, or death. […] OHS complications related to a lack of sleep may include: Depression, agitation, irritability, Increased risk for accidents or mistakes at work, Problems with intimacy and sex. OHS can also cause heart problems, such as: High blood pressure (hypertension), Right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale), High blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension).

• #24 Stay Informed | OA and Obesity Risks

  https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/related-conditions/other-diseases/how-fat-affects-osteoarthritis

  Excess weight can make OA worse and increase your risk for other health problems. […] The increase in the prevalence of OA is directly attributable to the rise in obesity, he says. […] Being just 10 pounds overweight puts an extra 15 to 50 pounds of pressure on your knees. This makes it more likely to you’ll develop osteoarthritis (OA) or make the disease worse if you already have it. […] For people with OA, obesity is a one-two punch. […] Constant, low-grade inflammation makes your joints more likely to develop OA. […] Hand OA is about twice as common among obese people as it is in leaner people. […] OA gets worse faster and is more severe in obese people than in those who weigh less. […] The goal is to reduce weight and inflammation before surgery. […] Obese people with OA are almost three times more likely than those in the general population to have metabolic syndrome.

• #25 Progression to Obesity: Variations in Patterns of Metabolic Fluxes, Fat Accumulation, and Gastrointestinal Responses

  https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/9/1016

  Obesity is a multifactorial disorder that is remarkably heterogeneous. It presents itself in a variety of phenotypes that can be metabolically unhealthy or healthy, associate with no or multiple metabolic risk factors, gain extreme body weight (super-responders), as well as resist obesity despite the obesogenic environment (non-responders). […] Progression to obesity is ultimately linked to the overall energy balance of the body when energy intake (EI) exceeds energy expenditure (EE). The excess energy is deposited in body tissues, including conventional adipose depots as well as ectopic accumulation in the non-target organs, such as liver and muscle, based on the individual hypothetical body weight set points and patterns of fat accumulation. […] The variety of individual responses to obesogenic environment and the onset of obesity and their relationship to various health outcomes are not fully understood.

• #26 Progression to Obesity: Variations in Patterns of Metabolic Fluxes, Fat Accumulation, and Gastrointestinal Responses

  https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/9/1016

  Adipose weight gain may appear at any age with certain trends in different age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults, with differences between genders. It is modulated through dietary intake, physical activity, and metabolism, all which are affected by genetic traits. […] Progression to obesity is ultimately linked to the overall energy balance of the body when energy intake (EI) exceeds energy expenditure (EE).

• #27 Obesity | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/nutritional/obesity/

  The term obese describes a person whos very overweight, with a lot of body fat. […] Obesity can also affect your quality of life and lead to psychological problems, such as depression and low self-esteem. […] Obesity can cause a number of further problems, including difficulties with daily activities and serious health conditions. […] Being obese can also increase your risk of developing many potentially serious health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis, asthma, metabolic syndrome, several types of cancer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, reduced fertility, osteoarthritis, sleep apnoea, liver disease and kidney disease, pregnancy complications. […] Obesity reduces life expectancy by an average of 3 to 10 years, depending on how severe it is.

• #28 Obesity (Excessively Overweight): Health Effects and Next Steps

  https://www.webmd.com/obesity/what-obesity-is

  Even moderate obesity (defined as having a BMI of 30-35) can shorten your lifespan by 3 years. Severe obesity (a BMI of 40-50), could take 10 years off your life. That’s about the same as a lifetime of smoking. […] Weight loss can prevent and sometimes reverse most of the health problems linked to obesity. But losing weight and keeping it off takes commitment and time.

• #29 Childhood obesity — How to recognize it and help your child | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/childhood-obesity-how-recognize-it-and-help-your-child

  Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, and it isnt limited to adults. In the U.S., almost 15 million children and teens about one in five kids have obesity. The number has tripled since the 1970s. […] Excessive body weight is just one sign of obesity. Children with obesity often have additional symptoms, including: Extreme sweating, Fatigue, Gastroesophageal reflux (acid reflux), Joint pain, Puberty abnormalities (delayed puberty in boys and early puberty in girls), Shortness of breath, Sleep apnea and snoring. […] Obesity is a chronic disease that can require lifelong management. Children who are overweight or obese tend to stay that way in adulthood. […] But obesity in childhood also increases the risk of developing associated weight-related diseases and conditions at a younger age, including: Asthma, Heart disease, Joint pain, Sleep disorders, Type 2 diabetes.

• #30 Childhood obesity – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20354827

  Childhood obesity is a serious health condition that involves having excess body fat early in life. The extra weight often starts children on the path to other health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Childhood obesity also can lead to poor self-esteem and depression. […] The symptoms of childhood obesity aren’t straightforward or simply based on how children look. […] The symptoms of childhood obesity aren’t clear-cut. Not all children who carry extra pounds are overweight. […] A measurement called the body mass index (BMI) helps healthcare professionals check for overweight status and obese status. […] If you’re worried that your child is putting on too much weight, talk with your child’s healthcare professional. Get a healthcare checkup right away if your child also has any of the following symptoms: High blood pressure.

• #31 Obesity in Children and Teens

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/obesity-in-children-and-teens

  Obesity is when a person has too much body fat. Without treatment, obesity can become a serious, long-term disease. […] Too much body fat is the main symptom of obesity. But its hard to directly measure body fat. A guideline called the body mass index (BMI) is used to estimate it. The BMI uses a teens weight and height to come up with a result. The result is then compared with standards for children of the same gender between the ages of 2 and 19. […] A teen who is overweight has a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile for age and gender. They are obese if the BMI is at or greater than the 95th percentile for age and gender. […] Obesity is diagnosed by a healthcare provider. BMI is often used to define obesity. […] There are 3 categories of obesity in children and teens: Severe obesity. BMI greater than or equal to 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex. Obesity. BMI at the 95th percentile or more for age and sex. Overweight. BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile for age and sex.

• #32 Childhood obesity – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20354827

  Physical complications of childhood obesity can include: Type 2 diabetes. This long-term condition affects the way the body uses sugar, also called glucose. Obesity and an inactive lifestyle raise the risk of type 2 diabetes. […] Children who have obesity may get teased or bullied by their peers. As a result, they may lose self-esteem. They also can have a higher risk of depression, anxiety and eating disorders. […] If your child’s BMI rises a lot over one year, your child may be at risk of becoming overweight.

• #33

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity

  Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adults and children. […] Obesity is one side of the double burden of malnutrition, and today more people are obese than underweight in every region except the South-East Asia Region. […] Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. […] Obesity in childhood is associated with a wide range of serious health complications and an increased risk of premature onset of related illnesses. […] The risk of these noncommunicable diseases increases even when a person is only slightly overweight and grows more serious as the body mass index (BMI) climbs. […] Studies have found that without intervention, children and adolescents with obesity will likely continue to be obese into adulthood.

• #34 Being overweight during pregnancy | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/being-overweight-during-pregnancy

  Being overweight during pregnancy can cause complications for you and your baby. The more overweight you are, the more likely you are to have pregnancy complications. […] If you’re overweight or obese during pregnancy, you’re more likely to have these complications: High blood pressure, preeclampsia and blood clotting problems. […] If you’re obese, you’re more likely to have other complications, including: Infections during pregnancy, like urinary tract infections. […] Yes. If you’re overweight or obese during pregnancy, your baby is more likely to have these conditions: Preterm birth. […] If you have gestational diabetes, your baby may have problems with breathing, low glucose levels and jaundice.

• #35 Hypothalamic Obesity | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/h/hypothalamic-obesity

  Hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) is a complicated medical condition. It can happen from the growth of rare brain tumors. It can also happen from other types of injury to the hypothalamus. […] When the hypothalamus is injured, the brain and the gut have a hard time understanding each others signals. The brain cannot hear the messages from the body fat, trying to tell the brain to turn off hunger. This mix up in the brain leaves the person always feeling hungry. Because the person is hungry, they will eat more and more. The body will store the extra energy from the food as fat. This can cause one to two pounds of weight gain a week. […] As more and more weight is gained, the body begins to store fat in places that it usually does not, like muscles, the liver, and in and around other important organs in the belly. This can make it hard for these important organs to work right and it can harm the persons health. […] Besides the feeling of non-stop hunger, the person may feel short-tempered or grouchy because the body makes more insulin. […] After surgery, the person loses weight. The body makes less insulin. The constant feelings of hunger are under better control.

• #36 Hypothalamic Obesity | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/hypothalamic-obesity

  Hypothalamic obesity is a type of obesity that is caused when the hypothalamus doesnt function normally. […] Abnormal hypothalamic function contributes to obesity in at least two fundamental ways: A child may have an abnormally high drive to eat (hyperphagia), and they may have a slow metabolism, which leads to decreased energy production, so they dont burn as many calories. When both of these occur together, it can result in a rapid onset of weight gain. […] Rapid, sustained, excessive weight gain can indicate hypothalamic obesity. Children with hypothalamic obesity often continue to gain weight even when their food intake is limited, which can be different from children with other forms of obesity. […] Other symptoms include a low metabolic rate (the internal process of how the body expends energy and burns calories), less physical activity and excessive daytime sleepiness.

• #37 Monogenic obesity — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/monogenic-obesity/

  Obesity affects more than 26% of adults and more than 23% of 10- to 11-year-old children in the UK. […] Individuals with monogenic obesity often develop obesity before the age of five, so early onset symptoms are key when deciding whether to consider genomic testing. […] Children and adults whose obesity is severe, such as a child whose BMI is more than three standard deviations (3SD) above the mean or an adult whose BMI is higher than 40, is a common feature of monogenic obesity. […] Individuals with monogenic obesity often have significant hyperphagia and may report having very large appetites and/or disordered eating behaviours. […] Individuals with monogenic obesity may have a reduced energy expenditure, with a weight trajectory not apparently explained by dietary intake. […] Affected individuals are at an increased risk of a number of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease and sleep apnoea.

• #38 Identifying Rare Genetic Diseases of Obesity | Rare Obesity

  https://rareobesity.com/hallmark-symptoms/

  Rare genetic diseases of obesity present with a variety of clinical characteristics such as hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, renal abnormalities, and developmental delays. However, 2 hallmark symptoms common to many of these rare genetic diseases help separate them from more common forms of obesity: Early-onset, severe obesity […] Hyperphagia: These patients present with defining behaviors, including: Heightened and prolonged hunger […] Longer time to reach satiety […] Shorter duration of satiety […] Severe preoccupation with food […] Excessive food-seeking behaviors (night eating, stealing food, foraging for food in trash) […] Significant distress and inappropriate response if denied food. Some rare genetic diseases of obesity can be diagnosed clinically, while genetic testing can aid in the diagnosis of others. Certain syndromic rare genetic diseases of obesity can be diagnosed clinically based on specific clinical characteristics. In addition to early-onset, severe obesity and hyperphagia, these diseases can also present with visual impairment, cognitive impairment, postaxial polydactyly, renal anomalies, hypogonadism, or other possible clinical characteristics. For non-syndromic rare genetic diseases of obesity, genetic testing can help you and your patients better understand a primary cause of their obesity by identifying relevant genetic variants. This knowledge can inform: Possible diagnosis […] Appropriate disease management options […] Potential eligibility for clinical studies.

• #39 Monogenic obesity — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/monogenic-obesity/

  Testing for severe early-onset obesity should be undertaken after careful consideration, ideally by clinicians working in a dedicated weight management service. […] The appropriate clinical indication to select within the National Genomic Test Directory is R149 Severe early-onset obesity, which is currently comprised of 33 genes. […] This condition may be identified before any symptoms appear for example, through the Generation Study. […] Individualised patient treatment plans should be facilitated by an multidisciplinary team with experience of genomic obesity. […] Standard pharmacological interventions can be used, as many patients with genomically confirmed severe early-onset obesity do derive metabolic benefit. […] This condition may be identified before any symptoms appear, for example through the Generation Study. Therefore, management of these individuals may differ from those presenting symptomatically.

• #40 Obesity In Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/obesity/

  Pediatric obesity occurs when a child weighs significantly more than he or she should based on height and gender. It is a serious medical condition on its own, but is particularly important because of the other medical problems that can develop from it, called co-morbidities. These include type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, arthritis and obstructive sleep apnea. […] Unlike many other common childhood diseases, obesity may not be associated with physical problems or complaints until late in the illness. Although most of us feel that we can easily recognize an obese child or adult when we seen one, the reality is that from a medical standpoint a child has typically passed from being „overweight” to „obese” long before their parents recognize it. […] Like adults, the other physical complications of childhood obesity often go unrecognized until they are at advanced stages. Subtle indicators that a child’s weight may be excessive and impacting their health may include: Poor physical endurance or ability to keep up with friends, Shortness of breath with exertion, Snoring or long pauses in breathing while sleeping, Consistent complaints of pain in their knees, ankles or hips, Swelling or fluid accumulation in their lower legs or feet.

• #41 Obesity In Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/obesity/

  In addition, increasing weight may cause worsening of known health issues such as asthma or gastroesophageal reflux/heartburn. Other worrisome signs or symptoms that may indicate medical problems caused by obesity include headaches, abdominal pain, daytime sleepiness, absent or irregular menstruation, persistently elevated blood pressures and depression.

• #42 GERD and Obesity – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/esophageal-diseases/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease/gerd-and-obesity

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem in people with obesity. In fact, your risk for developing GERD rises as your weight increases. […] Carrying extra weight on your body puts added pressure on your stomach. This can lead to more stomach acid traveling up into your esophagus. This causes heartburn, belching, chest pain, and other uncomfortable GERD symptoms. […] Yes. Even losing just a few pounds may improve your heartburn and other GERD symptoms. Some people notice that their GERD goes away after they lose weight. […] If you have a lot of weight to lose, you may be a candidate for bariatric surgery, which can also reduce your GERD symptoms. […] If you have a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or greater or have diabetes and suffer from GERD, you may benefit from weight loss surgery, also known as bariatric surgery. One type of surgery called a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can help you lose weight and reduce your GERD symptoms.

• #43 Obesity | MS Trust

  https://mstrust.org.uk/a-z/obesity

  Obesity makes some MS symptoms worse and also puts you at increased risk of developing other conditions unrelated to your MS. This is called co-morbidity, and results in a complex health situation that is harder to treat and more difficult to live with. […] Obesity is associated with a higher relapse rate, faster disease progression and increased disability in people with MS at all ages. […] The connections between obesity and MS progression are currently being researched. It is thought that fatty tissue in the body may release excess hormones that put the body into a generally inflammatory state, promoting nerve damage and interfering with repair. Excess weight can also put stress on the muscles and skeleton, and lead to the accumulation of disability beyond that caused by MS.

• #44 Obesity Accelerates Disease Progression in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/obesity-accelerates-disease-progression-patients-ms

  A recent study presented at 2024 ACTRIMS Forum showed that body mass index may influence disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis. […] A new analysis on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from an incident population-based case-control study presented at the 2024 Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) Forum, February 29 to March 2, in West Palm Beach, Florida, showed that a high body mass index (BMI) was associated with a faster disease progression, suggesting that obesity can negatively influence patients with the disease. […] In 3249 patients with MS (mean age at baseline, 37.8 years; women, 74%), obesity was associated with a 0.022-point faster annual increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ( for EDSS x time 0.022; 95% CI, 0.003-0.041) compared with normal weight.

• #45

  https://journals.lww.com/cjasn/abstract/9900/overweight_and_obesity_and_progression_to.556.aspx

  Higher body mass index increased risk of progression to ESKD in patients with early-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. […] Higher body mass index did not increase the risk of progression to ESKD in patients with late-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. […] The number of ESKD events was greater with overweight and obesity in HALT study A versus normal weight but not in HALT study B. […] In fully adjusted models, higher BMI was associated with risk of progression to ESKD in study A but not in study B. […] Obesity was associated with increased risk of ESKD in study A only. […] Higher BMI, particularly obesity, increased the risk of progression to ESKD in patients with early-stage ADPKD but not in those with late-stage ADPKD.

• #46 Obesity Accelerates Disease Progression in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

  https://www.neurologylive.com/view/obesity-accelerates-disease-progression-patients-ms

  In addition, obesity was also associated with an increased risk of reaching EDSS 3 (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.75) and EDSS 4 (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.05-1.70). […] Higher BMI in patients with MS correlates with a 0.022-point faster annual increase in EDSS score, underlining the association between obesity and accelerated disease progression. […] Obesity is linked to increased risks of reaching EDSS 3 and EDSS 4 in patients with MS, suggesting a potential role of body weight in determining the severity of the disease. […] Cognitive disability worsening is notably higher (HR 1.47) among MS patients who are obese compared with those without obesity. […] Investigators also observed that obesity was associated with an increased risk of physical and psychological worsening in patients with MS.

• #47 Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity | Nature

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10809

  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. […] Twenty per cent of NAFLD individuals develop chronic hepatic inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) associated with cirrhosis, portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet the causes of progression from NAFLD to NASH remain obscure. […] Here, we show that the NLRP6 and NLRP3 inflammasomes and the effector protein IL-18 negatively regulate NAFLD/NASH progression, as well as multiple aspects of metabolic syndrome via modulation of the gut microbiota. […] Different mouse models reveal that inflammasome-deficiency-associated changes in the configuration of the gut microbiota are associated with exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation through influx of TLR4 and TLR9 agonists into the portal circulation, leading to enhanced hepatic tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)- expression that drives NASH progression.

• #48 Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity | Nature

  https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10809

  Thus, altered interactions between the gut microbiota and the host, produced by defective NLRP3 and NLRP6 inflammasome sensing, may govern the rate of progression of multiple metabolic syndrome-associated abnormalities, highlighting the central role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of heretofore seemingly unrelated systemic auto-inflammatory and metabolic disorders.

• #49 Obesity and overweight. Causes, symptoms and treatment. CUN

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/obesity

  Obesity is the most common metabolic disorder in developed society and affects 20% of the Spanish population. […] It can manifest itself at any stage of life and its prevalence increases progressively with age. Calculating the body mass index (BMI) is the most practical way to know if obesity exists. […] The symptoms produced by obesity are caused by the increase in body weight itself and by the consequences and complications that this entails, responsible for the reduction in the life expectancy of the obese person. […] Fatigue and difficulty in carrying out daily tasks are frequent limitations induced by obesity. […] In addition, it can lead to metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus, increased triglycerides, cholesterol and uric acid, which favor gout crises. […] It also decreases stress tolerance.

• #50 Obesity and overweight. Causes, symptoms and treatment. CUN

  https://www.cun.es/en/diseases-treatments/diseases/obesity

  It favors the appearance of arterial hypertension and is a vascular risk factor for the development of coronary insufficiency and cerebral vascular accidents. […] Joint complications, especially in the hips and knees, limit physical activity. […] When the excess of weight is very important, it can originate syndrome of apnea of the dream, that reduces the level of oxygen of the blood and causes suffering of the weaves of the organism. […] In addition, the obese ones present/display with greater frequency biliary lithiasis, hepatic steatosis and hiatus hernia. […] Morbid obesity is an extreme degree of overweight, with a body mass index over 35-40 (BMI = weight in kg/length in m2). […] It is a chronic disease that causes the individual to have a poor quality of life and a high risk of suffering severe complications, especially cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic complications, which compromise their life expectancy.

• #51 Obesity – Disorders of Nutrition – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/obesity-and-the-metabolic-syndrome/obesity

  Obesity is a chronic, recurring complex disorder characterized by excess body weight. […] The most obvious symptom of obesity is a change in the person’s appearance. […] Having obesity increases the risk of many health problems. Virtually every organ system can be affected. These weight-related health problems can cause symptoms, such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing during activity, snoring, skin abnormalities including stretch marks, and joint and back pain. […] Obesity increases the risk of the following: Abnormal levels of cholesterol and other fats (lipids), called dyslipidemia; High blood pressure (hypertension); Metabolic syndrome, which includes resistance to the effects of insulin (called insulin resistance), abnormal levels of cholesterol and other fats in the blood, and high blood pressure; Coronary artery disease; Heart failure; Diabetes or a high blood sugar level that is not high enough to be considered diabetes (prediabetes); Cancer of the breast, uterus, ovaries, colon, prostate, kidneys, or pancreas; Gallstones and other gallbladder disorders; Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD); A low testosterone level, erectile dysfunction, and reduced fertility in men; Menstrual disorders, infertility, increased risk of miscarriage in women, and polycystic ovary syndrome; Skin disorders; Varicose veins; Fatty liver and cirrhosis; Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism); Obstructive sleep apnea; Arthritis, gout, low back pain, and other joint disorders; Depression, anxiety, and body dysmorphic disorder.

• #52 Obesity – Disorders of Nutrition – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/obesity-and-the-metabolic-syndrome/obesity

  Obstructive sleep apnea can develop if excess fat in the neck compresses the airway during sleep. Breathing stops for a few moments, as often as hundreds of times a night. This disorder is often undiagnosed. It can cause loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness and increases the risk of high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, metabolic syndrome, heart attacks, heart failure, and strokes. […] Obesity can increase the risk of early death. The more severe the obesity, the higher the risk. It is the second most common cause of preventable death (cigarette smoking is the most common). Studies indicate that over a period of 15 years, the death rate is 30% lower for people who had weight loss surgery than for people who had not had it. […] If untreated, obesity tends to worsen, increasing the risk and severity of complications.

• #53 Obesity and dementia risk | Alzheimer’s Society

  https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/managing-the-risk-of-dementia/reduce-your-risk-of-dementia/obesity

  Obesity is associated with an increase in dementia risk. This could be because of its link to diabetes, high blood pressure and inflammation. […] Obesity between the ages of 35-65 can increase dementia risk in later-life by about 30%. […] Obesity is also linked to other dementia risk factors. People with obesity are two to three times more likely to have high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. […] The increased brain shrinkage associated with obesity has been suggested by some to age the brain by around 10 years. […] Obesity can also lower a persons resilience to the damage in the brain that Alzheimers disease causes, leading to worse symptoms and faster disease progression. […] In general, while maintaining a healthy weight may reduce a persons risk of developing dementia, it does not guarantee protection against dementia.

• #54 Obesity – symptoms, causes, BMI and complications | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/obesity

  Obesity is defined as excessive body fat that increases your risk of health problems. […] A person living with obesity has a body mass index (BMI) over 30, while a person living with overweight has a BMI between 25 and 30. […] The most visible sign of obesity is excess body fat. […] Living with overweight or obesity can increase your risk of complications such as cardiovascular (heart) disease, kidney disease, stroke, some cancers. […] Losing some weight, even 5-10% of your body weight can have significant health benefits and reduce your risk of complications.

• #55 Stay Informed | OA and Obesity Risks

  https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/related-conditions/other-diseases/how-fat-affects-osteoarthritis

  Compared with healthy-weight people with OA, obese people with OA take more medications, walk more slowly, are less physically active and are at higher risk of becoming disabled. […] Losing just 10% of your body weight can cut arthritis pain in half. Losing 20% can cut arthritis pain by another 25% or more, Dr. Messier says. It may also slow or even stop disease progression.

• #56 GERD and Obesity – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/conditions-services/esophageal-diseases/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease/gerd-and-obesity

  Gastric bypass can actually treat GERD. Many patients will experience relief of their symptoms after this type of weight loss surgery and can stop taking acid-suppression medications. […] Research has shown that most people notice an improvement in their GERD symptoms within nine months of having gastric bypass surgery. […] After bariatric surgery, most people have fewer GERD symptoms. If you dont notice an improvement, changing your eating habits can also help you manage your GERD.

• #57 Obesity Signs, Symptoms & Causes | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/obesity/

  Obesity symptoms include breathlessness and being very overweight with a lot of body fat. […] The day-to-day risks of obesity are caused by the extra strain put on your bones, joints and organs. They include: […] Obesity causes high blood pressure, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis (fatty deposits that narrow your arteries). These conditions all increase your risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. […] Overall, obesity reduces your life expectancy by, on average, three to 10 years, depending on its severity. Being overweight or obese is estimated to contribute to at least one in every 13 deaths in Europe. […] Even if you are unable to reach a healthy weight, losing any amount of excess weight and maintaining that weight loss will reduce your risk of obesity-related health conditions.

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