Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gallstones/causes/

  Gallstones are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver to help digestion. […] It’s unclear what causes the chemical imbalance, but gallstones can form if there are unusually high levels of: cholesterol inside the gallbladder (about 4 out of 5 gallstones are made of cholesterol) […] a waste product called bilirubin inside the gallbladder (about 1 in 5 gallstones is made of bilirubin). […] These chemical imbalances cause tiny crystals to develop in the bile.

• #2 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Gallstones form when bile sediment collects and crystallizes. Often, the sediment is an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. […] Gallstones form when there’s an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. The excess ingredient turns to sediment at the bottom of your gallbladder or bile ducts, and the sediment gradually hardens into stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type. Pigment (bilirubin) stones are the other. […] A variety of factors may be involved in this process, including: Excess cholesterol. Your liver extracts cholesterol from your blood to make bile. If there’s too much cholesterol in your blood, the proportions in your bile will be off. Bile needs a balance of lipids and acids to hold all the ingredients together. Any excess will fall by the wayside.

• #3 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are thought to develop because of an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. In most cases the levels of cholesterol in bile become too high and the excess cholesterol forms into stones. […] Gallstones are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver to aid digestion. […] Its still unclear exactly what leads to this imbalance, but gallstones can form if: there are unusually high levels of cholesterol inside the gallbladder (about 4 in every 5 gallstones are made up of cholesterol) […] there are unusually high levels of a waste product called bilirubin inside the gallbladder (about 1 in every 5 gallstones is made up of bilirubin). […] These chemical imbalances cause tiny crystals to develop in the bile. These can gradually grow (often over many years) into solid stones that can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pebble.

• #4 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #5 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones

  Gallstones can happen when: […] Doctors arent sure exactly what causes gallstones, but they might happen when: […] Theres too much cholesterol in your bile. Your body needs bile for digestion. It usually dissolves cholesterol. But when it cant do that, the extra cholesterol might build up and form stones. […] Theres too much bilirubin in your bile. Conditions such as liver disease, infections, and blood disorders can cause your liver to make too much bilirubin. […] Your gallbladder doesnt empty all the way. This can make your bile very concentrated.

• #6

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/gallstones/

  Gallstones are thought to develop because of an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. […] In most cases the levels of cholesterol in bile become too high and the excess cholesterol forms into stones. […] You’re more at risk of developing gallstones if you’re: […] overweight or obese […] female (particularly if you have had children) […] 40 or over (the risk increases as you get older).

• #7 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  Gallstones (also known as cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like deposits that can form in your gallbladder, a pear-shaped digestive organ beneath the liver. […] You can develop gallstones for several reasons. They can often result from internal imbalances, such as too much cholesterol, bilirubin (a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown), or bile within the gallbladder. However, various health conditions and lifestyle habits can also raise your risk of forming gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are the most common type, making up about 80-90% of all gallstone cases. […] Certain health conditions can cause your liver to make too much bilirubin, which can cause your gallbladder to form pigment stones. […] If the gallbladder can’t empty itself like it should, bile can build up inside.

• #8 Gallstones: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones

  Gallstones are formed when substances found in bile, such as bilirubin and cholesterol, crystalize and harden. […] The cause of gallstones is thought to be due to having too much cholesterol or bilirubin in your gallbladder. […] Too much cholesterol in your bile can lead to yellow cholesterol stones, which may develop if your liver makes more cholesterol than your bile can dissolve. […] Approximately 4 in 5 gallstones are made from cholesterol. […] This chemical is produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. […] These hard stones are often dark brown or black and form when your gallbladder cant break down the excess bilirubin. […] Gallstones may also happen if your gallbladder fails to properly empty its bile content. […] Gallbladder symptoms can sometimes happen after eating high fat foods, too.

• #9 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Excess bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of broken-down old red blood cells. You might have an excess of bilirubin if you have a blood disorder that destroys too many red blood cells, or if your liver is impaired in some way and struggling to process its normal load of bilirubin into bile. […] Not enough bile acids (bile salts). Certain diseases can cause bile acid malabsorption, which means that you lose bile acids in your poop. If you lose too many, your liver won’t have enough left to make bile with. The lack of bile acids creates an excess of lipids (cholesterol) in your bile. […] Cholestasis or gallbladder stasis. Stasis means inactivity. If your bile ducts or gallbladder aren’t moving bile effectively through your biliary tract, the bile is more likely to form sediment. This might be an issue with the muscles or with the chemical signaling that tells them to move.

• #10 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Excess bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of broken-down old red blood cells. You might have an excess of bilirubin if you have a blood disorder that destroys too many red blood cells, or if your liver is impaired in some way and struggling to process its normal load of bilirubin into bile. […] Not enough bile acids (bile salts). Certain diseases can cause bile acid malabsorption, which means that you lose bile acids in your poop. If you lose too many, your liver won’t have enough left to make bile with. The lack of bile acids creates an excess of lipids (cholesterol) in your bile. […] Cholestasis or gallbladder stasis. Stasis means inactivity. If your bile ducts or gallbladder aren’t moving bile effectively through your biliary tract, the bile is more likely to form sediment. This might be an issue with the muscles or with the chemical signaling that tells them to move.

• #11 Symptoms & Causes of Gallstones – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gallstones/symptoms-causes

  Gallstones may form if bile contains too much cholesterol, too much bilirubin, or not enough bile salts. […] Researchers do not fully understand why these changes in bile occur. […] Gallstones also may form if the gallbladder does not empty completely or often enough. […] Certain people are more likely to have gallstones than others because of their risk factors for gallstones, including obesity and certain kinds of dieting.

• #12 Gallstones symptoms and causes explained | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/men-s-health/gallstones-symptoms-and-causes-explained/

  It isnt entirely clear what causes gallstones to form, however, doctors think there could be a few different causes. […] Too much cholesterol in your bile […] If your liver excretes too much cholesterol, the bile in your gallbladder cant effectively dissolve it. As a result, the excess cholesterol may become solid, forming crystals that can eventually turn into stones. […] This type of gallstone is the most common, making up around 80% of all gallstones. […] Too much bilirubin in your bile […] Having too much of this chemical in your bile can cause gallstones to form. […] Your gallbladder doesnt empty properly […] This can then contribute to gallstone formation.

• #13 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are thought to develop because of an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. In most cases the levels of cholesterol in bile become too high and the excess cholesterol forms into stones. […] Gallstones are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver to aid digestion. […] Its still unclear exactly what leads to this imbalance, but gallstones can form if: there are unusually high levels of cholesterol inside the gallbladder (about 4 in every 5 gallstones are made up of cholesterol) […] there are unusually high levels of a waste product called bilirubin inside the gallbladder (about 1 in every 5 gallstones is made up of bilirubin). […] These chemical imbalances cause tiny crystals to develop in the bile. These can gradually grow (often over many years) into solid stones that can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pebble.

• #14 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Excess bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of broken-down old red blood cells. You might have an excess of bilirubin if you have a blood disorder that destroys too many red blood cells, or if your liver is impaired in some way and struggling to process its normal load of bilirubin into bile. […] Not enough bile acids (bile salts). Certain diseases can cause bile acid malabsorption, which means that you lose bile acids in your poop. If you lose too many, your liver won’t have enough left to make bile with. The lack of bile acids creates an excess of lipids (cholesterol) in your bile. […] Cholestasis or gallbladder stasis. Stasis means inactivity. If your bile ducts or gallbladder aren’t moving bile effectively through your biliary tract, the bile is more likely to form sediment. This might be an issue with the muscles or with the chemical signaling that tells them to move.

• #15 Gallstones, Gallbladder Stones – Symptoms, Causes, Complications PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/gallstones-gallbladder-stones-symptoms-causes-types-complications-and-prevention

  Gallbladder stasis: To break down fats in the small intestine, the gallbladder releases bile. Proper contraction of the gallbladder is necessary to expel bile properly. However, disability in the contraction of the gallbladder can cause a few quantities of bile to be left behind. These nominal quantities of bile, over time, progressively concentrate into a sludge-like substance. Upon crystallisation, stones are formed.

• #16 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones

  Gallstones can happen when: […] Doctors arent sure exactly what causes gallstones, but they might happen when: […] Theres too much cholesterol in your bile. Your body needs bile for digestion. It usually dissolves cholesterol. But when it cant do that, the extra cholesterol might build up and form stones. […] Theres too much bilirubin in your bile. Conditions such as liver disease, infections, and blood disorders can cause your liver to make too much bilirubin. […] Your gallbladder doesnt empty all the way. This can make your bile very concentrated.

• #17 What Causes Gallstones: Several Things That You Should Know – ADH – Windsor Center for Digestive Health

  https://windsordigestivehealth.com/what-causes-gallstones-several-things-that-you-should-know/

  An established theory has shown that gallstones are more likely to form if your bile is too concentrated. This means that there’s not enough water or other liquids in your bile to keep the cholesterol dissolved. As a result, the cholesterol may form crystals and eventually harden into gallstones. […] If your liver can’t process bilirubin efficiently, it can build up and harden, forming pigment stones. Conditions that may cause an increase in bilirubin levels include Gilbert’s syndrome and hemolytic anemia. […] The gallbladder may become inflamed for various reasons, such as an infection or the formation of gallstones. When this happens, it’s called cholecystitis. This condition can cause the gallbladder to release higher amounts of bile, which may lead to the formation of gallstones.

• #18 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Bacterial infiltration of the gallbladder is promoted by bile stasis and impaired gallbladder motility. […] The gut microbiome is altered by toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals, which may increase the risk of gallstones. […] Certain genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to gallstones, including those involved with hepatic cholesterol secretion, apolipoprotein genes, mucin genes, and fibroblast growth receptor genes.

• #19 Cholecystitis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20364867

  Most often, gallstones that block the tube leading out of the gallbladder cause cholecystitis. This results in a bile buildup that can cause inflammation. […] Cholecystitis is when your gallbladder is inflamed. Gallbladder inflammation can be caused by: […] Most often, cholecystitis is the result of hard particles of bile that can form in the gallbladder, called gallstones. Gallstones can block the tube that carries bile when it leaves the gallbladder, causing bile buildup in the gallbladder, leading to swelling and irritation. […] Stones or thickened bile and tiny particles called sludge can block the bile duct and lead to cholecystitis. Kinking or scarring of the bile ducts also can cause blockage. […] AIDS and other infections caused by viruses can cause gallbladder swelling and irritation. […] Very serious illness can damage blood vessels and lessen blood flow to the gallbladder. This can lead to cholecystitis.

• #20 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Other causes of gallbladder stasis associated with increased risk of gallstones include high spinal cord injuries, prolonged fasting with total parenteral nutrition, and rapid weight loss associated with severe caloric and fat restriction. […] A number of medications are associated with the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Estrogens administered for contraception or for the treatment of prostate cancer increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones by increasing biliary cholesterol secretion. […] About 25% of the predisposition to cholesterol gallstones appears to be hereditary, as judged from studies of identical and fraternal twins. […] Black pigment gallstones occur disproportionately in individuals with high heme turnover. […] Prerequisites for the formation of brown pigment gallstones include intraductal stasis and chronic colonization of bile with bacteria. […] Other illnesses or states that predispose to gallstone formation include burns, use of total parenteral nutrition, paralysis, ICU care, and major trauma. This is due, in general, to decreased enteral stimulation of the gallbladder with resultant biliary stasis and stone formation.

• #21 Gallstones | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/g/gallstones.html

  Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand or as big as a golf ball. […] Cholesterol stones form when your gallbladder doesnt empty the way it should. They also form when bile has: […] Health experts dont know what causes pigment stones to form. […] Cholesterol-lowering medicines. These medicines can increase the amount of cholesterol in bile. […] Gallstones that do cause symptoms should be treated. The likelihood of recurrent gallstone attacks is high. […] If your symptoms dont go away, your treatment may include: […] If stones are in your gallbladder, the gallbladder must generally be removed. This is a common surgery.

• #22 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are more common if you: are female, particularly if youve had children, are taking the combined Pill, or are undergoing high-dose oestrogen therapy […] are overweight or obese […] are aged 40 years or older (the older you are, the more likely you are to develop gallstones) […] have a condition that affects the flow of bile such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), primary sclerosing cholangitis, or obstetric cholestasis […] have Crohns disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) […] have a close family member whos also had gallstones […] have recently lost weight (from either dieting or weight-loss surgery) […] are taking an antibiotic called ceftriaxone.

• #23 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #24 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. […] The cause of gallstones varies. There are two main types of gallstones: […] Stones made of cholesterol — This is the most common type. Cholesterol gallstones are not related to cholesterol level in the blood. […] Stones made of bilirubin — These are called pigment stones. They occur when red blood cells are destroyed and too much bilirubin is in the bile. […] Gallstones are more common in: […] Female sex […] Native Americans and people of Hispanic descent […] People over age 40 […] People who are overweight […] People with family history of gallstones. […] The following factors also make you more likely to develop gallstones: […] Bone marrow or solid organ transplant

• #25 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/gallstones-cholelithiasis

  Gallstones are solid deposits of digestive fluid in the gallbladder, a small organ that sits just below the liver. […] The most common causes in children include: Abnormalities in the production of red blood cells, Prolonged fasting due to illness, Use of contraceptives, Pregnancy, Long-term parenteral nutrition. […] Girls are at higher risk than boys of developing gallstones.

• #26 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #27 Causes of Gallbladder Stones: Key Risk Factors & Prevention

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/gallbladder-stones-causes

  People with diabetes or metabolic syndrome often have higher triglyceride levels, which can lead to gallstone formation. Insulin resistance also plays a role in disrupting bile composition. […] Elderly individuals confront enhanced probabilities of getting gallbladder stones due to deteriorating organ efficiency. […] Females, predominantly those with pregnancies, display greater inclinations towards gallstones attributable to varying hormones. […] A higher incidence of gallbladder stones is noticed among Native Americans and Mexican Americans compared to other ethnic communities.

• #28 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #29 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. […] The cause of gallstones varies. There are two main types of gallstones: […] Stones made of cholesterol — This is the most common type. Cholesterol gallstones are not related to cholesterol level in the blood. […] Stones made of bilirubin — These are called pigment stones. They occur when red blood cells are destroyed and too much bilirubin is in the bile. […] Gallstones are more common in: […] Female sex […] Native Americans and people of Hispanic descent […] People over age 40 […] People who are overweight […] People with family history of gallstones. […] The following factors also make you more likely to develop gallstones: […] Bone marrow or solid organ transplant

• #30 Risks and causes of gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gallbladder-cancer/risks-causes

  Gallbladder cancer is rare. We don’t know what causes most gallbladder cancers but there are some known risk factors. […] Gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) are the most common risk factors for gallbladder cancer. […] The risk of gallbladder cancer is around 5 times higher in people with a history of gallbladder conditions (mainly gallstones), compared to those who dont. […] People with a family history of gallbladder cancer are 5 times more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than those with no relatives with it. […] The risk of developing gallbladder cancer varies around the world and for different ethnicities. This is likely to be due to factors such as infection, gallstones, inflammation or diet. […] People with this condition have an increased risk of gallbladder cancer, but its rare.

• #31 Gallstone disease – symptoms, causes and diagnosis at different stages of cholelithiasis

  https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/gallstones

  Women are known to be much more susceptible to the disease than men. The female sex hormone oestrogen is thought to contribute to the development of stones. Therefore, in particular, the risk is increased in women taking hormone replacement therapy. Other risk factors are obesity and age (40+). Diabetes, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism and chronic inflammatory bowel disease also contribute to the appearance of stones. […] The disease can also be associated with severe weight loss and some weight loss procedures (bariatric surgery). The likelihood of getting the disease is significantly increased after gastric bypass surgery. […] In addition, genetic predisposition also plays a role. It is now known that there is a gene variant that significantly increases the risk of gallstones. Every tenth European has this variant in their gene set.

• #32 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #33 Gallstone disease – symptoms, causes and diagnosis at different stages of cholelithiasis

  https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/gallstones

  Over the course of a lifetime, such people are 2-3 times more likely to develop gallstones than others. The gene contains the scheme of a molecular „pump” that transports cholesterol from liver cells to the bile ducts. Genetic modification, apparently, makes this pump constantly work at full capacity.

• #34 What Causes Gallbladder Issues?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/digestive-health/what-causes-gallbladder-issues/

  Gallstones are made of hardened deposits of substances in bile (typically cholesterol) that accumulate in your gallbladder. […] Women are more than twice as likely as men to have gallstones, Lazar says. […] Research suggests that pregnant women and those who take hormone replacement therapy have an even higher risk, due to the elevated levels of estrogen. […] Experts believe that the higher prevalence of gallbladder disease in the older population could be because they’ve had more time for bile to build up in the body. […] Generally, a high-cholesterol, high-fat, and low-fiber diet can contribute to your risk for gallstones, says Lazar. […] Being overweight or having obesity is another risk factor for developing gallbladder problems. […] Gallstones can be influenced by genetic factors, according to Dr. Kosari.

• #35 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #36 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #37 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #38 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #39 Gallstones: Types, Risk, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/gi-surgery/disease/gallstones

  Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because excess fat in the body can cause the liver to produce more cholesterol, which can lead to the formation of gallstones. […] Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because the body produces more estrogen, which can lead to an increase in cholesterol in the bile. […] Family history: Gallstones can run in families, suggesting that genetics may play a role in their development. […] Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of developing gallstones.

• #40 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Diabetes […] Failure of the gallbladder to empty bile properly (this is more likely to happen during pregnancy) […] Liver cirrhosis and biliary tract infections (pigmented stones) […] Medical conditions that cause too many red blood cells to be destroyed […] Rapid weight loss from eating a very low-calorie diet, or after weight loss surgery […] Receiving nutrition through a vein for a long period of time (intravenous feedings) […] Taking birth control pills.

• #41 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are more common if you: are female, particularly if youve had children, are taking the combined Pill, or are undergoing high-dose oestrogen therapy […] are overweight or obese […] are aged 40 years or older (the older you are, the more likely you are to develop gallstones) […] have a condition that affects the flow of bile such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), primary sclerosing cholangitis, or obstetric cholestasis […] have Crohns disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) […] have a close family member whos also had gallstones […] have recently lost weight (from either dieting or weight-loss surgery) […] are taking an antibiotic called ceftriaxone.

• #42 Gallstone disease – symptoms, causes and diagnosis at different stages of cholelithiasis

  https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/gallstones

  Women are known to be much more susceptible to the disease than men. The female sex hormone oestrogen is thought to contribute to the development of stones. Therefore, in particular, the risk is increased in women taking hormone replacement therapy. Other risk factors are obesity and age (40+). Diabetes, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism and chronic inflammatory bowel disease also contribute to the appearance of stones. […] The disease can also be associated with severe weight loss and some weight loss procedures (bariatric surgery). The likelihood of getting the disease is significantly increased after gastric bypass surgery. […] In addition, genetic predisposition also plays a role. It is now known that there is a gene variant that significantly increases the risk of gallstones. Every tenth European has this variant in their gene set.

• #43 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #44 “GALLSTONES” might be more severe if it is left untreated! | Bangkok Hospital Headquarter

  https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/content/gall-stone

  Gallstones are one of the most common digestive diseases which small stones are formed in the gallbladder. […] The stones are mainly caused from the precipitation of either calcium salts or cholesterol in bile. […] Major causes might originate from the abnormalities of blood such as hemolytic anemia and liver diseases such as jaundice and cirrhosis. […] Mixed gallstones are the mixture of both cholesterol and pigment gallstones with a sticky mud-like appearance. […] The risk to develop gallbladder cancer is strongly associated with a larger size of gallstones. […] Amazingly, cholesterol gallstones have been commonly found in women above 40 mainly owning to elevated estrogen levels, resulting in increased hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol and cholesterol supersaturated bile. […] If gallstones remain negligently untreated, it might lead to life-threatening conditions such as cholecystitis and sepsis. Moreover, it might potentially trigger the risk to develop gallbladder cancer in the future.

• #45 Gallbladder Disease: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/gallbladder-disease-causes-and-risk-factors-4163883

  Lastly, gallstones may form if the gallbladder does not empty bile properly (this is called bile stasis). […] Some of the risk factors for developing gallstones include: Female gender, Age older than 40, Pregnancy, Obesity, Diets high in cholesterol, refined carbohydrates (for example, white bread), and saturated fats (for example cheese, butter, and red meat), Sedentary lifestyle, Rapid weight loss, Underlying diseases (for example, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cirrhosis, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or a spinal cord injury), Medications that contain estrogen, like oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, Other medications such as Sandostatin (octreotide), ceftriaxone, and thiazide diuretics like Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide). […] Gallstones are the major cause of gallbladder disease. These hardened stones most often result when the gallbladder doesn’t empty properly and the cholesterol in bile form crystals. Gallstones cause symptoms when they block a bile duct, triggering biliary colic (a „gallbladder attack”).

• #46 Gallstones: Types, Risk, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/gi-surgery/disease/gallstones

  Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because excess fat in the body can cause the liver to produce more cholesterol, which can lead to the formation of gallstones. […] Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because the body produces more estrogen, which can lead to an increase in cholesterol in the bile. […] Family history: Gallstones can run in families, suggesting that genetics may play a role in their development. […] Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of developing gallstones.

• #47 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  Evidence suggests genetics can play a significant role in the development of gallstones. […] Several underlying health conditions and lifestyle factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones. […] In people assigned female at birth, high levels of the hormone estrogen can raise gallstone risk. […] Obesity can significantly affect your liver and gallbladder function. […] Rapidly losing weight can also raise your risk. […] Severe liver scarring (medically known as cirrhosis) can often occur due to hepatitis infections and excessive alcohol use. […] Anemia is a group of blood disorders that causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. […] Diabetes mellitus makes it difficult for your body to break down and digest glucose (sugar) which can raise your blood sugar levels.

• #48 Risks and causes of gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gallbladder-cancer/risks-causes

  People who smoke increase their risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of many types of cancers, including gallbladder cancer. […] Being overweight or obese also means you are more likely to develop gallstones which increases your risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Some abnormalities of the pancreas and bile duct increase your risk of getting gallbladder cancer. […] Having this condition increases your risk of getting gallbladder cancer in the future. […] If you have diabetes, you might have an increased risk of gallbladder cancer or cancer of the bile duct. […] Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Ionising radiation increases your risk of gallbladder cancer.

• #49 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #50 Gallstones: Causes, Treatment and Prevention | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34726-gallstones-symptoms-treatment.html

  People who have significant fluctuations in weight, such as from a pregnancy or operation, are also at risk of developing gallstones, Bencsath said. […] Gallstones occur more frequently in people at two opposite ends of the weight spectrum those who are overweight or obese, and those who fast or lose a lot of weight quickly. In addition, research published in the journal Gut in 2005 suggests that high intake of carbohydrate, a fluctuating glycemic load and glycemic index increase the risk of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. Therefore, it is important to adopt a healthy diet and stick to regular meal times.

• #51 What are The Causes of Gallstones in Adults? | FreeFromPiles

  https://www.freefrompiles.com/health-tips/causes-of-gallstones-in-adults/

  Losing weight too quickly, especially through crash diets or extreme measures, can trigger the formation of gallstones. Rapid weight loss causes the liver to release more cholesterol into the bile, overwhelming the gallbladders ability to process it effectively. […] A diet rich in refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats, and low in fiber can increase the risk of gallstone formation. Consuming excessive amounts of cholesterol-laden foods, such as fried and fatty foods, can contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the bile. […] Leading a sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical activity can impair the gallbladders ability to empty itself regularly. Regular exercise helps promote healthy bile flow and reduces the risk of gallstone formation. […] Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen levels, can impact the gallbladders functioning. Estrogen dominance, often seen in pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, or certain birth control methods, can increase the risk of gallstone formation.

• #52 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Chronic diseases can cause gallstones, such as advanced cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This late-stage liver disease can slow bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder, causing buildup. […] Certain medications can cause gallstones. These are Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic), thiazide diuretics, and statins. […] Rapid weight loss or bariatric surgery is associated with gallstones developing in 30-71% of such individuals (1).

• #53 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Obesity is an established risk for gallstone disease. At least 25% of morbidly obese individuals have evidence of gallstone disease (1). […] The frequency of gallstones increases with age, escalating after age 40 to become 10-40 times more likely in older adults (1). […] The female sex is almost twice as likely to form gallstones until menopause, and then men start to catch up. The underlying mechanism is the female sex hormones. […] Family history and genetics significantly influence gallstone risk factors. Familial studies reveal an increased frequency of nearly five times elevated risk in relatives of gallstone patients (1). […] These ethnicities have an up to 70% likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for gallstone disease.

• #54 Gallstone disease – symptoms, causes and diagnosis at different stages of cholelithiasis

  https://medconsonline.com/en/blog/gallstones

  Women are known to be much more susceptible to the disease than men. The female sex hormone oestrogen is thought to contribute to the development of stones. Therefore, in particular, the risk is increased in women taking hormone replacement therapy. Other risk factors are obesity and age (40+). Diabetes, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism and chronic inflammatory bowel disease also contribute to the appearance of stones. […] The disease can also be associated with severe weight loss and some weight loss procedures (bariatric surgery). The likelihood of getting the disease is significantly increased after gastric bypass surgery. […] In addition, genetic predisposition also plays a role. It is now known that there is a gene variant that significantly increases the risk of gallstones. Every tenth European has this variant in their gene set.

• #55 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  Evidence suggests genetics can play a significant role in the development of gallstones. […] Several underlying health conditions and lifestyle factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones. […] In people assigned female at birth, high levels of the hormone estrogen can raise gallstone risk. […] Obesity can significantly affect your liver and gallbladder function. […] Rapidly losing weight can also raise your risk. […] Severe liver scarring (medically known as cirrhosis) can often occur due to hepatitis infections and excessive alcohol use. […] Anemia is a group of blood disorders that causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. […] Diabetes mellitus makes it difficult for your body to break down and digest glucose (sugar) which can raise your blood sugar levels.

• #56 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  As gallstones often occur from excess cholesterol, high cholesterol levels in your blood can also increase the risk of gallstones. […] Metabolic syndrome is a term for a combination of several health concerns, which can occur when you have three of the following: Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), Hypertension (high blood pressure), Obesity, Raised triglyceride levels (a type of fat), Low HDL cholesterol. […] Certain inflammatory bowel conditions, such as Crohn’s disease, can affect this function and your overall digestion. […] Alongside underlying health conditions, your lifestyle habits can also influence your likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Chemical imbalances in your bile are the main reason why gallstones develop. Underlying health conditions like liver and bile duct infections, obesity, and hormonal changes can all increase your risk of getting gallstones.

• #57 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Chronic diseases can cause gallstones, such as advanced cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This late-stage liver disease can slow bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder, causing buildup. […] Certain medications can cause gallstones. These are Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic), thiazide diuretics, and statins. […] Rapid weight loss or bariatric surgery is associated with gallstones developing in 30-71% of such individuals (1).

• #58 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-gallstones-1742784

  Gallstones (also called cholelithiasis) form when there is an imbalance in the composition of bile in the gallbladder. […] Cholesterol stones result from bile made of too much cholesterol or bilirubin and not enough bile salts. […] People who develop pigment stones typically have cirrhosis of the liver, biliary tract infections, or hereditary blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia. […] Gallstones can form in the gallbladder when bile hardens into a stone-like material, which can happen if there are too much bile salts, cholesterol, or bilirubin in it. […] There are a variety of reasons why gallstones may form. These factors have been associated with gallstones: Obesity, Lack of exercise, High-fat diets and refined carbohydrates, Tobacco use, Genetic predisposition. […] The possibility of developing gallstones increases with age. In addition, females are more likely to have gallstones than males are due to hormonal factors. Obesity, diet, and lifestyle all may play a role in whether you develop gallstones or not. Chronic illnesses (including diabetes) and the medications you take also may play a role. […] Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be caused be gallstones.

• #59 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #60 Causes of Gallbladder Stones: Key Risk Factors & Prevention

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/gallbladder-stones-causes

  People with diabetes or metabolic syndrome often have higher triglyceride levels, which can lead to gallstone formation. Insulin resistance also plays a role in disrupting bile composition. […] Elderly individuals confront enhanced probabilities of getting gallbladder stones due to deteriorating organ efficiency. […] Females, predominantly those with pregnancies, display greater inclinations towards gallstones attributable to varying hormones. […] A higher incidence of gallbladder stones is noticed among Native Americans and Mexican Americans compared to other ethnic communities.

• #61 Gallstones: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment | GHCA

  https://www.giwebmd.com/gallstones

  Pigment (bilirubin) gallstones are found most often in patients with severe liver disease and patients with some blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia. […] Cholesterol gallstones are found most often in women over 20, especially pregnant women, and men over 60 years old, overweight men and women, people on crash diets who lose a lot of weight quickly, patients who use certain medications including birth control pills and cholesterol-lowering agents, and Native-Americans and Mexican-Americans.

• #62 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-gallstones-1742784

  Gallstones (also called cholelithiasis) form when there is an imbalance in the composition of bile in the gallbladder. […] Cholesterol stones result from bile made of too much cholesterol or bilirubin and not enough bile salts. […] People who develop pigment stones typically have cirrhosis of the liver, biliary tract infections, or hereditary blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia. […] Gallstones can form in the gallbladder when bile hardens into a stone-like material, which can happen if there are too much bile salts, cholesterol, or bilirubin in it. […] There are a variety of reasons why gallstones may form. These factors have been associated with gallstones: Obesity, Lack of exercise, High-fat diets and refined carbohydrates, Tobacco use, Genetic predisposition. […] The possibility of developing gallstones increases with age. In addition, females are more likely to have gallstones than males are due to hormonal factors. Obesity, diet, and lifestyle all may play a role in whether you develop gallstones or not. Chronic illnesses (including diabetes) and the medications you take also may play a role. […] Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be caused be gallstones.

• #63 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are more common if you: are female, particularly if youve had children, are taking the combined Pill, or are undergoing high-dose oestrogen therapy […] are overweight or obese […] are aged 40 years or older (the older you are, the more likely you are to develop gallstones) […] have a condition that affects the flow of bile such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), primary sclerosing cholangitis, or obstetric cholestasis […] have Crohns disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) […] have a close family member whos also had gallstones […] have recently lost weight (from either dieting or weight-loss surgery) […] are taking an antibiotic called ceftriaxone.

• #64 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  As gallstones often occur from excess cholesterol, high cholesterol levels in your blood can also increase the risk of gallstones. […] Metabolic syndrome is a term for a combination of several health concerns, which can occur when you have three of the following: Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), Hypertension (high blood pressure), Obesity, Raised triglyceride levels (a type of fat), Low HDL cholesterol. […] Certain inflammatory bowel conditions, such as Crohn’s disease, can affect this function and your overall digestion. […] Alongside underlying health conditions, your lifestyle habits can also influence your likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Chemical imbalances in your bile are the main reason why gallstones develop. Underlying health conditions like liver and bile duct infections, obesity, and hormonal changes can all increase your risk of getting gallstones.

• #65 Gallbladder Cancer Causes & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/gallbladder-cancer/gallbladder-cancer-causes-risk-factors

  People who have been repeatedly infected with salmonella (the bacteria that causes typhoid) are six times more likely to develop gallbladder cancer. […] Many people who develop gallbladder cancer are overweight or obese. They often have a high-carbohydrate or low-fiber diet. […] A family history of gallbladder cancer seems to increase a persons chances of developing the disease, although the risk is still low.

• #66 What Are Common Gallbladder Problems? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gallbladder/guide/

  Gallbladder problems are usually due to a blockage in your bile ducts, the tubes that let bile travel between your liver, gallbladder, and small intestine. The most common source of blockage is gallstones (cholelithiasis), which develop when substances in bile crystallize. […] It’s often unclear exactly why gallstones form, but there are a number of factors that increase your risk of developing them, including the following: Being a woman, Older age, Obesity, High cholesterol, Taking medications that contain estrogen, Losing weight quickly, Diabetes, Pregnancy. […] One ongoing area of research is the role of the gallbladder microbiome—the bacteria that live in and around the organ—in gallstones and other gallbladder problems. One study found that the bacteria Helicobacter and Salmonella may contribute to gallstone formation. […] Risk factors for gallbladder cancer, an uncommon cause of bile duct blockage, include the following: Being a woman, Older age, History of gallstones, History of other gallbladder problems, such as polyps or infection.

• #67 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #68 Gallstones: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment | GHCA

  https://www.giwebmd.com/gallstones

  Pigment (bilirubin) gallstones are found most often in patients with severe liver disease and patients with some blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia. […] Cholesterol gallstones are found most often in women over 20, especially pregnant women, and men over 60 years old, overweight men and women, people on crash diets who lose a lot of weight quickly, patients who use certain medications including birth control pills and cholesterol-lowering agents, and Native-Americans and Mexican-Americans.

• #69 Gallstones | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gallstones

  Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like masses that form in your gallbladder, below your liver. […] You’re more likely to get gallstones if you’re female, aged over 40 and living with overweight or obesity. […] It is not fully understood why gallstones form. However, you are more likely to get gallstones if you’re: female, aged over 40 years, living with overweight or obesity, or are inactive, pregnant or taking the contraceptive pill, if you lose weight quickly, if you have diabetes, have a family history of gallstones. […] Although diet doesn’t directly cause gallbladder problems or cure them choosing a healthy diet may help prevent gallstones from forming. It may also help you avoid discomfort if gallstones develop. […] Choose a diet that’s low in fat and cholesterol and high in fibre, as this is the most likely to reduce your chance of gallstones.

• #70 What Causes Gallstones?: Desert West Surgery : Minimally Invasive Surgeons

  https://www.desertwestsurgery.com/blog/what-causes-gallstones

  Diet plays a role in the development of gallstones because its the major factor in what you weigh. Eating a high-fat, low-fiber diet (a lot of processed foods that come in boxes and not enough vegetables and fruits) places you at higher risk for gallstones. If you love meat and eat it all the time, you may be at higher risk because of an excess of iron. […] Ironically, medications you might be on to lower your cholesterol can actually increase cholesterol in your bile. […] Diabetes, Crohns disease and other conditions such as sickle cell anemia increase your risk of developing gallstones.

• #71 Causes of gallbladder problems, and when to see a doctorSearchSearchFacebookYouTubeBlogTwitter

  https://www.logansportmemorial.org/blog/gallbladder-problems

  In many cases, gallbladder problems can be minor and not require any treatment. […] The majority of gallbladder problems involve gallstones and inflammation. Gallstones are formed when cholesterol in the bile stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of stone-like material. […] Gallstones are very common. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 10–15% of Americans will be diagnosed with gallstones, and about a quarter of those cases require treatment. […] Certain foods can contribute to gallbladder problems, most notably: Foods high in trans fats, Highly-processed food, Refined carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, sugar).

• #72 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Gallstones typically form in the gallbladder and may result in symptoms if they block the biliary system. […] Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. […] The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. […] Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile salts. […] Researchers believe that gallstones may be caused by a combination of factors, including inherited body chemistry, body weight, gallbladder motility (movement), and low-calorie diet. […] Nutritional factors that may increase risk of gallstones include constipation; eating fewer meals per day; low intake of the nutrients folate, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C; low fluid consumption; and, at least for men, a high intake of carbohydrate, a high glycemic load, and high glycemic index diet.

• #73 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Gallstones typically form in the gallbladder and may result in symptoms if they block the biliary system. […] Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. […] The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. […] Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile salts. […] Researchers believe that gallstones may be caused by a combination of factors, including inherited body chemistry, body weight, gallbladder motility (movement), and low-calorie diet. […] Nutritional factors that may increase risk of gallstones include constipation; eating fewer meals per day; low intake of the nutrients folate, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C; low fluid consumption; and, at least for men, a high intake of carbohydrate, a high glycemic load, and high glycemic index diet.

• #74 Causes of Gallbladder Stones: Key Risk Factors & Prevention

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/gallbladder-stones-causes

  Consuming a diet high in fats and cholesterol may increase the possibility of gallbladder stones, as it leads to extra cholesterol in the bile that results in crystal formation and clustering. […] Insufficient fibre-rich foods and poor hydration can cause intestinal troubles, ultimately condensing the bile and raising the likelihood of crystal formation. […] While advantageous for overall health, swift weight loss regimes should be prevented, given their strong correlation with gallstone formation. […] Bilirubin is a substance produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. Certain medical conditions increase bilirubin levels, leading to gallstone formation. These include: […] If the gallbladder does not empty completely or frequently, bile becomes concentrated and promotes stone formation. Contributing factors include:

• #75 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. […] The cause of gallstones varies. There are two main types of gallstones: […] Stones made of cholesterol — This is the most common type. Cholesterol gallstones are not related to cholesterol level in the blood. […] Stones made of bilirubin — These are called pigment stones. They occur when red blood cells are destroyed and too much bilirubin is in the bile. […] Gallstones are more common in: […] Female sex […] Native Americans and people of Hispanic descent […] People over age 40 […] People who are overweight […] People with family history of gallstones. […] The following factors also make you more likely to develop gallstones: […] Bone marrow or solid organ transplant

• #76 What are The Causes of Gallstones in Adults? | FreeFromPiles

  https://www.freefrompiles.com/health-tips/causes-of-gallstones-in-adults/

  Losing weight too quickly, especially through crash diets or extreme measures, can trigger the formation of gallstones. Rapid weight loss causes the liver to release more cholesterol into the bile, overwhelming the gallbladders ability to process it effectively. […] A diet rich in refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats, and low in fiber can increase the risk of gallstone formation. Consuming excessive amounts of cholesterol-laden foods, such as fried and fatty foods, can contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the bile. […] Leading a sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical activity can impair the gallbladders ability to empty itself regularly. Regular exercise helps promote healthy bile flow and reduces the risk of gallstone formation. […] Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen levels, can impact the gallbladders functioning. Estrogen dominance, often seen in pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, or certain birth control methods, can increase the risk of gallstone formation.

• #77 What Causes Gallstones: Several Things That You Should Know – ADH – Windsor Center for Digestive Health

  https://windsordigestivehealth.com/what-causes-gallstones-several-things-that-you-should-know/

  An established theory has shown that gallstones are more likely to form if your bile is too concentrated. This means that there’s not enough water or other liquids in your bile to keep the cholesterol dissolved. As a result, the cholesterol may form crystals and eventually harden into gallstones. […] If your liver can’t process bilirubin efficiently, it can build up and harden, forming pigment stones. Conditions that may cause an increase in bilirubin levels include Gilbert’s syndrome and hemolytic anemia. […] The gallbladder may become inflamed for various reasons, such as an infection or the formation of gallstones. When this happens, it’s called cholecystitis. This condition can cause the gallbladder to release higher amounts of bile, which may lead to the formation of gallstones.

• #78 Causes of Gallbladder Stones: Key Risk Factors & Prevention

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/gallbladder-stones-causes

  Consuming a diet high in fats and cholesterol may increase the possibility of gallbladder stones, as it leads to extra cholesterol in the bile that results in crystal formation and clustering. […] Insufficient fibre-rich foods and poor hydration can cause intestinal troubles, ultimately condensing the bile and raising the likelihood of crystal formation. […] While advantageous for overall health, swift weight loss regimes should be prevented, given their strong correlation with gallstone formation. […] Bilirubin is a substance produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. Certain medical conditions increase bilirubin levels, leading to gallstone formation. These include: […] If the gallbladder does not empty completely or frequently, bile becomes concentrated and promotes stone formation. Contributing factors include:

• #79 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Gallstones typically form in the gallbladder and may result in symptoms if they block the biliary system. […] Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. […] The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. […] Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not enough bile salts. […] Researchers believe that gallstones may be caused by a combination of factors, including inherited body chemistry, body weight, gallbladder motility (movement), and low-calorie diet. […] Nutritional factors that may increase risk of gallstones include constipation; eating fewer meals per day; low intake of the nutrients folate, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C; low fluid consumption; and, at least for men, a high intake of carbohydrate, a high glycemic load, and high glycemic index diet.

• #80 Gallstones: Causes, Treatment and Prevention | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34726-gallstones-symptoms-treatment.html

  People who have significant fluctuations in weight, such as from a pregnancy or operation, are also at risk of developing gallstones, Bencsath said. […] Gallstones occur more frequently in people at two opposite ends of the weight spectrum those who are overweight or obese, and those who fast or lose a lot of weight quickly. In addition, research published in the journal Gut in 2005 suggests that high intake of carbohydrate, a fluctuating glycemic load and glycemic index increase the risk of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. Therefore, it is important to adopt a healthy diet and stick to regular meal times.

• #81 Gallbladder Cancer Causes & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/gallbladder-cancer/gallbladder-cancer-causes-risk-factors

  People who have been repeatedly infected with salmonella (the bacteria that causes typhoid) are six times more likely to develop gallbladder cancer. […] Many people who develop gallbladder cancer are overweight or obese. They often have a high-carbohydrate or low-fiber diet. […] A family history of gallbladder cancer seems to increase a persons chances of developing the disease, although the risk is still low.

• #82 What Causes Gallbladder Issues?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/digestive-health/what-causes-gallbladder-issues/

  Experts believe that about one-quarter of gallbladder disease cases may be hereditary. […] If you have certain co-occurring medical issues, you may be more likely to have gallbladder problems. […] Some medicines that can make gallbladder issues more likely are: Drugs that contain estrogen, such as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. […] Gallbladder issues can be caused by factors such as sex, age, lifestyle habits, genetics, and certain medications, among others.

• #83 What Causes Gallbladder Disease?: Surgical Associates of North Texas: Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeons

  https://www.surgicalassociatesofnorthtexas.com/blog/what-causes-gallbladder-disease

  Gallbladder disease typically occurs because your system gets overwhelmed by too much cholesterol or bilirubin. […] When these substances dont dissolve as they should, stones can form. Some people also produce gallstones if their gallbladder doesnt empty properly. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones, including: Being female or over age 40, Having a sedentary lifestyle, Being pregnant or obese, Experiencing rapid weight loss, Consuming a diet high in refined carbs, cholesterol, and saturated fat, Living with other underlying conditions, such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, or cirrhosis. […] Taking certain medications such as diuretics or substances that contain estrogen can also increase your chances of developing gallstones.

• #84 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Other causes of gallbladder stasis associated with increased risk of gallstones include high spinal cord injuries, prolonged fasting with total parenteral nutrition, and rapid weight loss associated with severe caloric and fat restriction. […] A number of medications are associated with the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Estrogens administered for contraception or for the treatment of prostate cancer increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones by increasing biliary cholesterol secretion. […] About 25% of the predisposition to cholesterol gallstones appears to be hereditary, as judged from studies of identical and fraternal twins. […] Black pigment gallstones occur disproportionately in individuals with high heme turnover. […] Prerequisites for the formation of brown pigment gallstones include intraductal stasis and chronic colonization of bile with bacteria. […] Other illnesses or states that predispose to gallstone formation include burns, use of total parenteral nutrition, paralysis, ICU care, and major trauma. This is due, in general, to decreased enteral stimulation of the gallbladder with resultant biliary stasis and stone formation.

• #85 Gallstones | Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/gallstones-and-bile

  Gallstones are common but cause no symptoms in two out of three people who have them. […] About one in eight people develop gallstones at some stage in their lives. Gallstones are 2-3 times more common in women than in men. Gallstones become more common with increasing age. […] Gallstones are more common if you are female, particularly if you have had children. Gallstones are more likely if you have recently lost weight (from either dieting or weight loss surgery). Other risk factors for gallstones include obesity and a family history of gallstones. […] You are more likely to develop gallstones if you have Crohn’s disease, liver cirrhosis or diabetes. Certain blood disorders such as sickle cell anaemia also increase the risk of developing gallstones. […] Taking certain medicines such as the contraceptive pill and hormone replacement therapy also increase the risk of gallstones.

• #86 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Rapid weight loss increases risk of gallstones. […] Cholesterol modifying medications can affect gallstone formation. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis and there is evidence that their use may decrease the risk of getting gallstones. […] Fibrates increase cholesterol concentration in bile and their use has been associated with an increased risk of gallstones.

• #87 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Chronic diseases can cause gallstones, such as advanced cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This late-stage liver disease can slow bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder, causing buildup. […] Certain medications can cause gallstones. These are Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic), thiazide diuretics, and statins. […] Rapid weight loss or bariatric surgery is associated with gallstones developing in 30-71% of such individuals (1).

• #88 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are more common if you: are female, particularly if youve had children, are taking the combined Pill, or are undergoing high-dose oestrogen therapy […] are overweight or obese […] are aged 40 years or older (the older you are, the more likely you are to develop gallstones) […] have a condition that affects the flow of bile such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), primary sclerosing cholangitis, or obstetric cholestasis […] have Crohns disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) […] have a close family member whos also had gallstones […] have recently lost weight (from either dieting or weight-loss surgery) […] are taking an antibiotic called ceftriaxone.

• #89 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Chronic diseases can cause gallstones, such as advanced cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This late-stage liver disease can slow bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder, causing buildup. […] Certain medications can cause gallstones. These are Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic), thiazide diuretics, and statins. […] Rapid weight loss or bariatric surgery is associated with gallstones developing in 30-71% of such individuals (1).

• #90 Gallbladder Disease: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/gallbladder-disease-causes-and-risk-factors-4163883

  Lastly, gallstones may form if the gallbladder does not empty bile properly (this is called bile stasis). […] Some of the risk factors for developing gallstones include: Female gender, Age older than 40, Pregnancy, Obesity, Diets high in cholesterol, refined carbohydrates (for example, white bread), and saturated fats (for example cheese, butter, and red meat), Sedentary lifestyle, Rapid weight loss, Underlying diseases (for example, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cirrhosis, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, or a spinal cord injury), Medications that contain estrogen, like oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, Other medications such as Sandostatin (octreotide), ceftriaxone, and thiazide diuretics like Microzide (hydrochlorothiazide). […] Gallstones are the major cause of gallbladder disease. These hardened stones most often result when the gallbladder doesn’t empty properly and the cholesterol in bile form crystals. Gallstones cause symptoms when they block a bile duct, triggering biliary colic (a „gallbladder attack”).

• #91 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Chronic diseases can cause gallstones, such as advanced cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. […] This late-stage liver disease can slow bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder, causing buildup. […] Certain medications can cause gallstones. These are Ceftriaxone (an antibiotic), thiazide diuretics, and statins. […] Rapid weight loss or bariatric surgery is associated with gallstones developing in 30-71% of such individuals (1).

• #92 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Bacterial infiltration of the gallbladder is promoted by bile stasis and impaired gallbladder motility. […] The gut microbiome is altered by toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals, which may increase the risk of gallstones. […] Certain genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to gallstones, including those involved with hepatic cholesterol secretion, apolipoprotein genes, mucin genes, and fibroblast growth receptor genes.

• #93 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Rapid weight loss increases risk of gallstones. […] Cholesterol modifying medications can affect gallstone formation. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis and there is evidence that their use may decrease the risk of getting gallstones. […] Fibrates increase cholesterol concentration in bile and their use has been associated with an increased risk of gallstones.

• #94 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Gallstones form when bile sediment collects and crystallizes. Often, the sediment is an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. […] Gallstones form when there’s an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. The excess ingredient turns to sediment at the bottom of your gallbladder or bile ducts, and the sediment gradually hardens into stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type. Pigment (bilirubin) stones are the other. […] A variety of factors may be involved in this process, including: Excess cholesterol. Your liver extracts cholesterol from your blood to make bile. If there’s too much cholesterol in your blood, the proportions in your bile will be off. Bile needs a balance of lipids and acids to hold all the ingredients together. Any excess will fall by the wayside.

• #95 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #96 Cholelithiasis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/cholelithiasis

  Risk factors for gallstones include female sex, obesity, increased age, American Indian ethnicity, a Western diet, rapid weight loss, and a family history. […] Cholesterol stones account for 85% of gallstones in the Western world. For cholesterol gallstones to form, bile must be supersaturated with cholesterol. […] Black pigment stones are small, hard gallstones composed of calcium bilirubinate and inorganic calcium salts. Factors that accelerate stone development include alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hemolysis, and older age. […] Brown pigment stones are soft and greasy, consisting of bilirubinate and fatty acids. They form during infection, inflammation, and parasitic infestation. […] Gallstones grow at about 1 to 2 mm/year, taking 5 to 20 years before becoming large enough to cause problems. […] Patients with asymptomatic gallstones become symptomatic at a rate of about 2% per year. The symptom that develops most commonly is biliary colic rather than a major biliary complication.

• #97 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-gallstones-1742784

  Gallstones (also called cholelithiasis) form when there is an imbalance in the composition of bile in the gallbladder. […] Cholesterol stones result from bile made of too much cholesterol or bilirubin and not enough bile salts. […] People who develop pigment stones typically have cirrhosis of the liver, biliary tract infections, or hereditary blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia. […] Gallstones can form in the gallbladder when bile hardens into a stone-like material, which can happen if there are too much bile salts, cholesterol, or bilirubin in it. […] There are a variety of reasons why gallstones may form. These factors have been associated with gallstones: Obesity, Lack of exercise, High-fat diets and refined carbohydrates, Tobacco use, Genetic predisposition. […] The possibility of developing gallstones increases with age. In addition, females are more likely to have gallstones than males are due to hormonal factors. Obesity, diet, and lifestyle all may play a role in whether you develop gallstones or not. Chronic illnesses (including diabetes) and the medications you take also may play a role. […] Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be caused be gallstones.

• #98 Gallstones symptoms and causes explained | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/men-s-health/gallstones-symptoms-and-causes-explained/

  It isnt entirely clear what causes gallstones to form, however, doctors think there could be a few different causes. […] Too much cholesterol in your bile […] If your liver excretes too much cholesterol, the bile in your gallbladder cant effectively dissolve it. As a result, the excess cholesterol may become solid, forming crystals that can eventually turn into stones. […] This type of gallstone is the most common, making up around 80% of all gallstones. […] Too much bilirubin in your bile […] Having too much of this chemical in your bile can cause gallstones to form. […] Your gallbladder doesnt empty properly […] This can then contribute to gallstone formation.

• #99 What Causes Gallstones? Symptoms, Risk Factors, and How to Treat Them

  https://albanygi.com/gallstones-and-what-causes-them/

  Gallstones are small, hard deposits formed inside the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. These stones can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. They are primarily made up of cholesterol or bilirubin, which comes from bile, a fluid your liver produces and your gallbladder stores. […] The exact reasons why some people form gallstones and others do not are still being studied, but it’s known that certain factors increase the risk of developing them. […] The formation of gallstones can be attributed to several factors. […] Firstly, too much cholesterol in the bile can cause cholesterol stones to develop, the most common type of gallstone. When the liver excretes more cholesterol into the bile than it can dissolve, these excess crystals can form stones.

• #100 What Causes Gallstones: Several Things That You Should Know – ADH – Windsor Center for Digestive Health

  https://windsordigestivehealth.com/what-causes-gallstones-several-things-that-you-should-know/

  At a time when chronic healthcare problems such as blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer have taken center stage, gallstones have remained an Achilles’ heel to a significant share of the global population. In the United States alone, nearly 1 million people are diagnosed with gallstones yearly. This worrying trend has put at least 25 million people struggling with this problem. […] Over the years, researchers have failed to pinpoint the actual causes of it. However, some advanced research studies have established that the bile’s chemical imbalance inside the gallbladder plays a role. There are other few causes of gallstones that have been discussed for several years. […] Traditionally, gallstones have been thought to form when there’s too much cholesterol in your bile. This means that your liver produces more cholesterol than your bile can dissolve. When this happens, the excess cholesterol may form crystals. These crystals can grow and eventually harden into gallstones.

• #101 Gallbladder Disease: Symptoms, Treatment & What it Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22976-gallbladder-disease

  Gallstones are the most common cause of gallbladder problems, but they dont always cause problems. Gallstones develop when excess bile products in your gallbladder usually cholesterol accumulate into lumps, which can continue to grow and accumulate. […] Gallstones affect as much as 15% of the population, but only 20% of those with gallstones will have complications or symptoms. […] Gallstones are the most common cause of gallbladder problems, but they dont always cause problems. When they do, its usually because they block the flow of bile in your gallbladder, bile ducts or both. Less commonly, bile may back up because the emptying function of your gallbladder is sluggish, or because some other condition has made your bile ducts too narrow. Backed-up bile is the most common cause of gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), but sometimes a separate infection causes it. Inflammation makes your gallbladder swell and builds up pressure inside it. This can also cause bile to back up as a secondary effect.

• #102 Gallstones, Gallbladder Stones – Symptoms, Causes, Complications PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/gallstones-gallbladder-stones-symptoms-causes-types-complications-and-prevention

  Gallbladder stones (Gallstones) are common and are frequently discovered incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Although their spontaneous disappearance is a rare event—except for stones that formed during pregnancy or weight reduction – gallstone disease will remain “silent” in more than two-thirds of individuals. […] Some of the causes of gallbladder stones (gallstones) are as follows: Cholesterolemia (excess cholesterol in blood): Cholesterolemia causes higher cholesterol content in the bile. While the bile chemicals (lecithin and bile salts) can dissolve cholesterol, either the lack of the same or the increase of cholesterol can cause stones. About 75% of gallstone cases are made up due to excess cholesterol. […] Hyperbilirubinemia (excess bilirubin): During the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver, bilirubin is produced. There are a few medical disorders and infections which can induce the liver to produce extra bilirubin. Hyperbilirubinemia also causes gallstones.

• #103

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/gallstones/symptoms-causes

  Gallstones are the result of an imbalance in bile and an unhealthy gallbladder. When an imbalance occurs, the high cholesterol content in bile crystalises and sticks to the walls of the gallbladder. Over time, they form gallstones which can start from grains of sand and grow to as large as a golf ball. These gallstones irritate the gallbladder and may block the gallbladder, bile ducts, liver or pancreas. […] Cholesterol gallstones are caused by increased levels of cholesterol and bilirubin in the bile, as well as reduced levels of bile salts. […] Pigment stones tend to occur in people who suffer from liver cirrhosis, infection of the biliary tract, and genetic blood disorders.

• #104 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Gallstones form when bile sediment collects and crystallizes. Often, the sediment is an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. […] Gallstones form when there’s an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. The excess ingredient turns to sediment at the bottom of your gallbladder or bile ducts, and the sediment gradually hardens into stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type. Pigment (bilirubin) stones are the other. […] A variety of factors may be involved in this process, including: Excess cholesterol. Your liver extracts cholesterol from your blood to make bile. If there’s too much cholesterol in your blood, the proportions in your bile will be off. Bile needs a balance of lipids and acids to hold all the ingredients together. Any excess will fall by the wayside.

• #105 Gallstones | Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/gallstones-and-bile

  Gallstones are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the chemicals in bile. Gallstones can form if there are high levels of cholesterol or bilirubin in the bile. This can cause tiny crystals to develop. The crystals can grow slowly into solid stones that can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pebble. […] There are three main types of gallstone, which are cholesterol stones, bile pigment stones and gallstones that are a mixture of cholesterol and bile pigment. Cholesterol stones are typically yellow-green in colour, while pigment stones are darker (because of the bilirubin in pigment stones).

• #106 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Other causes of gallbladder stasis associated with increased risk of gallstones include high spinal cord injuries, prolonged fasting with total parenteral nutrition, and rapid weight loss associated with severe caloric and fat restriction. […] A number of medications are associated with the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Estrogens administered for contraception or for the treatment of prostate cancer increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones by increasing biliary cholesterol secretion. […] About 25% of the predisposition to cholesterol gallstones appears to be hereditary, as judged from studies of identical and fraternal twins. […] Black pigment gallstones occur disproportionately in individuals with high heme turnover. […] Prerequisites for the formation of brown pigment gallstones include intraductal stasis and chronic colonization of bile with bacteria. […] Other illnesses or states that predispose to gallstone formation include burns, use of total parenteral nutrition, paralysis, ICU care, and major trauma. This is due, in general, to decreased enteral stimulation of the gallbladder with resultant biliary stasis and stone formation.

• #107 Cholelithiasis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/cholelithiasis

  Risk factors for gallstones include female sex, obesity, increased age, American Indian ethnicity, a Western diet, rapid weight loss, and a family history. […] Cholesterol stones account for 85% of gallstones in the Western world. For cholesterol gallstones to form, bile must be supersaturated with cholesterol. […] Black pigment stones are small, hard gallstones composed of calcium bilirubinate and inorganic calcium salts. Factors that accelerate stone development include alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hemolysis, and older age. […] Brown pigment stones are soft and greasy, consisting of bilirubinate and fatty acids. They form during infection, inflammation, and parasitic infestation. […] Gallstones grow at about 1 to 2 mm/year, taking 5 to 20 years before becoming large enough to cause problems. […] Patients with asymptomatic gallstones become symptomatic at a rate of about 2% per year. The symptom that develops most commonly is biliary colic rather than a major biliary complication.

• #108 Cholelithiasis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/cholelithiasis

  Risk factors for gallstones include female sex, obesity, increased age, American Indian ethnicity, a Western diet, rapid weight loss, and a family history. […] Cholesterol stones account for 85% of gallstones in the Western world. For cholesterol gallstones to form, bile must be supersaturated with cholesterol. […] Black pigment stones are small, hard gallstones composed of calcium bilirubinate and inorganic calcium salts. Factors that accelerate stone development include alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hemolysis, and older age. […] Brown pigment stones are soft and greasy, consisting of bilirubinate and fatty acids. They form during infection, inflammation, and parasitic infestation. […] Gallstones grow at about 1 to 2 mm/year, taking 5 to 20 years before becoming large enough to cause problems. […] Patients with asymptomatic gallstones become symptomatic at a rate of about 2% per year. The symptom that develops most commonly is biliary colic rather than a major biliary complication.

• #109 Gallstones: Causes, Treatment and Prevention | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34726-gallstones-symptoms-treatment.html

  Gallstones occur when there’s an imbalance in the bile transportation process. Cholesterol stones can form when bile contains too much cholesterol, too much bilirubin or not enough bile salts, according to the NIDDKD. […] Gallstones can also occur when the gallbladder does not empty into the common bile duct completely or often enough. Women are twice as likely as men to develop gallstones because excess estrogen from pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, and birth control pills may increase cholesterol levels and decrease gallbladder movement, which can facilitate gallstones. […] Black pigment stones usually consist of bilirubin polymers and calcium carbonate, and they rarely contain cholesterol. These stones are mostly found in the gallbladder, and can develop as a result of liver damage, alcoholic liver disease, hemolytic anemia and old age, according to the University of Maryland.

• #110 Cholelithiasis – Hepatic and Biliary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hepatic-and-biliary-disorders/gallbladder-and-bile-duct-disorders/cholelithiasis

  Risk factors for gallstones include female sex, obesity, increased age, American Indian ethnicity, a Western diet, rapid weight loss, and a family history. […] Cholesterol stones account for 85% of gallstones in the Western world. For cholesterol gallstones to form, bile must be supersaturated with cholesterol. […] Black pigment stones are small, hard gallstones composed of calcium bilirubinate and inorganic calcium salts. Factors that accelerate stone development include alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hemolysis, and older age. […] Brown pigment stones are soft and greasy, consisting of bilirubinate and fatty acids. They form during infection, inflammation, and parasitic infestation. […] Gallstones grow at about 1 to 2 mm/year, taking 5 to 20 years before becoming large enough to cause problems. […] Patients with asymptomatic gallstones become symptomatic at a rate of about 2% per year. The symptom that develops most commonly is biliary colic rather than a major biliary complication.

• #111 What Causes Gallstones? Symptoms, Risk Factors, and How to Treat Them

  https://albanygi.com/gallstones-and-what-causes-them/

  Secondly, too much bilirubin in the bile, known as hyperbilirubinemia, can cause pigment stones. This often occurs in individuals with certain liver diseases, infections, or blood disorders that cause increased bilirubin production. […] Finally, a gallbladder that does not empty correctly can lead to gallstones. If the gallbladder does not empty its bile content regularly or thoroughly, bile may become very concentrated, contributing to the formation of stones. […] Each of these causes underscores the complex biochemical and physiological processes that influence gallstone formation.

• #112

  https://www.gleneagles.com.sg/conditions-diseases/gallstones/symptoms-causes

  Gallstones are the result of an imbalance in bile and an unhealthy gallbladder. When an imbalance occurs, the high cholesterol content in bile crystalises and sticks to the walls of the gallbladder. Over time, they form gallstones which can start from grains of sand and grow to as large as a golf ball. These gallstones irritate the gallbladder and may block the gallbladder, bile ducts, liver or pancreas. […] Cholesterol gallstones are caused by increased levels of cholesterol and bilirubin in the bile, as well as reduced levels of bile salts. […] Pigment stones tend to occur in people who suffer from liver cirrhosis, infection of the biliary tract, and genetic blood disorders.

• #113 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #114 What Are Common Gallbladder Problems? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gallbladder/guide/

  Gallbladder problems are usually due to a blockage in your bile ducts, the tubes that let bile travel between your liver, gallbladder, and small intestine. The most common source of blockage is gallstones (cholelithiasis), which develop when substances in bile crystallize. […] It’s often unclear exactly why gallstones form, but there are a number of factors that increase your risk of developing them, including the following: Being a woman, Older age, Obesity, High cholesterol, Taking medications that contain estrogen, Losing weight quickly, Diabetes, Pregnancy. […] One ongoing area of research is the role of the gallbladder microbiome—the bacteria that live in and around the organ—in gallstones and other gallbladder problems. One study found that the bacteria Helicobacter and Salmonella may contribute to gallstone formation. […] Risk factors for gallbladder cancer, an uncommon cause of bile duct blockage, include the following: Being a woman, Older age, History of gallstones, History of other gallbladder problems, such as polyps or infection.

• #115 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Bacterial infiltration of the gallbladder is promoted by bile stasis and impaired gallbladder motility. […] The gut microbiome is altered by toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals, which may increase the risk of gallstones. […] Certain genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to gallstones, including those involved with hepatic cholesterol secretion, apolipoprotein genes, mucin genes, and fibroblast growth receptor genes.

• #116 What Are Common Gallbladder Problems? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/gallbladder/guide/

  Gallbladder problems are usually due to a blockage in your bile ducts, the tubes that let bile travel between your liver, gallbladder, and small intestine. The most common source of blockage is gallstones (cholelithiasis), which develop when substances in bile crystallize. […] It’s often unclear exactly why gallstones form, but there are a number of factors that increase your risk of developing them, including the following: Being a woman, Older age, Obesity, High cholesterol, Taking medications that contain estrogen, Losing weight quickly, Diabetes, Pregnancy. […] One ongoing area of research is the role of the gallbladder microbiome—the bacteria that live in and around the organ—in gallstones and other gallbladder problems. One study found that the bacteria Helicobacter and Salmonella may contribute to gallstone formation. […] Risk factors for gallbladder cancer, an uncommon cause of bile duct blockage, include the following: Being a woman, Older age, History of gallstones, History of other gallbladder problems, such as polyps or infection.

• #117 Gallbladder Cancer Causes & Risk Factors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/gallbladder-cancer/gallbladder-cancer-causes-risk-factors

  People who have been repeatedly infected with salmonella (the bacteria that causes typhoid) are six times more likely to develop gallbladder cancer. […] Many people who develop gallbladder cancer are overweight or obese. They often have a high-carbohydrate or low-fiber diet. […] A family history of gallbladder cancer seems to increase a persons chances of developing the disease, although the risk is still low.

• #118 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Bacterial infiltration of the gallbladder is promoted by bile stasis and impaired gallbladder motility. […] The gut microbiome is altered by toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals, which may increase the risk of gallstones. […] Certain genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to gallstones, including those involved with hepatic cholesterol secretion, apolipoprotein genes, mucin genes, and fibroblast growth receptor genes.

• #119 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Bacterial infiltration of the gallbladder is promoted by bile stasis and impaired gallbladder motility. […] The gut microbiome is altered by toxins such as pesticides and heavy metals, which may increase the risk of gallstones. […] Certain genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to gallstones, including those involved with hepatic cholesterol secretion, apolipoprotein genes, mucin genes, and fibroblast growth receptor genes.

• #120 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #121 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #122 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #123 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Obesity is an established risk for gallstone disease. At least 25% of morbidly obese individuals have evidence of gallstone disease (1). […] The frequency of gallstones increases with age, escalating after age 40 to become 10-40 times more likely in older adults (1). […] The female sex is almost twice as likely to form gallstones until menopause, and then men start to catch up. The underlying mechanism is the female sex hormones. […] Family history and genetics significantly influence gallstone risk factors. Familial studies reveal an increased frequency of nearly five times elevated risk in relatives of gallstone patients (1). […] These ethnicities have an up to 70% likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for gallstone disease.

• #124 Gallstones: Treatments, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153981

  Gallstones may form when the chemicals in the gallbladder are out of balance, such as cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate. […] Cholesterol gallstones may form if there is too much cholesterol in the bile. They are the main type of gallstones in the United States. […] Pigment gallstones form when the bile has too much bilirubin. They are more common among people with liver disease, infected bile tubes, or blood disorders, such as sickle-cell anemia. […] Experts are not completely sure why some people develop the chemical imbalance in their gallbladder that causes gallstones, while others do not. […] However, gallstones are more common among people with obesity, especially women. A study revealed that having a waist size of 36 inches or more almost doubles a woman’s chances of developing gallstones and the need for surgery to remove them.

• #125 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #126 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #127 Gallstones: Types, Risk, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/gurugram-hospital/speciality/gi-surgery/disease/gallstones

  Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because excess fat in the body can cause the liver to produce more cholesterol, which can lead to the formation of gallstones. […] Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of developing gallstones. This may be because the body produces more estrogen, which can lead to an increase in cholesterol in the bile. […] Family history: Gallstones can run in families, suggesting that genetics may play a role in their development. […] Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and Crohn’s disease can increase the risk of developing gallstones.

• #128 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  As gallstones often occur from excess cholesterol, high cholesterol levels in your blood can also increase the risk of gallstones. […] Metabolic syndrome is a term for a combination of several health concerns, which can occur when you have three of the following: Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), Hypertension (high blood pressure), Obesity, Raised triglyceride levels (a type of fat), Low HDL cholesterol. […] Certain inflammatory bowel conditions, such as Crohn’s disease, can affect this function and your overall digestion. […] Alongside underlying health conditions, your lifestyle habits can also influence your likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Chemical imbalances in your bile are the main reason why gallstones develop. Underlying health conditions like liver and bile duct infections, obesity, and hormonal changes can all increase your risk of getting gallstones.

• #129 Causes of Gallbladder Stones: Key Risk Factors & Prevention

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/gallbladder-stones-causes

  People with diabetes or metabolic syndrome often have higher triglyceride levels, which can lead to gallstone formation. Insulin resistance also plays a role in disrupting bile composition. […] Elderly individuals confront enhanced probabilities of getting gallbladder stones due to deteriorating organ efficiency. […] Females, predominantly those with pregnancies, display greater inclinations towards gallstones attributable to varying hormones. […] A higher incidence of gallbladder stones is noticed among Native Americans and Mexican Americans compared to other ethnic communities.

• #130 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Diabetes […] Failure of the gallbladder to empty bile properly (this is more likely to happen during pregnancy) […] Liver cirrhosis and biliary tract infections (pigmented stones) […] Medical conditions that cause too many red blood cells to be destroyed […] Rapid weight loss from eating a very low-calorie diet, or after weight loss surgery […] Receiving nutrition through a vein for a long period of time (intravenous feedings) […] Taking birth control pills.

• #131 What Causes Gallbladder Disease?: Surgical Associates of North Texas: Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeons

  https://www.surgicalassociatesofnorthtexas.com/blog/what-causes-gallbladder-disease

  Gallbladder disease typically occurs because your system gets overwhelmed by too much cholesterol or bilirubin. […] When these substances dont dissolve as they should, stones can form. Some people also produce gallstones if their gallbladder doesnt empty properly. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones, including: Being female or over age 40, Having a sedentary lifestyle, Being pregnant or obese, Experiencing rapid weight loss, Consuming a diet high in refined carbs, cholesterol, and saturated fat, Living with other underlying conditions, such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, or cirrhosis. […] Taking certain medications such as diuretics or substances that contain estrogen can also increase your chances of developing gallstones.

• #132 Gallbladder Disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatments

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/gallbladder-disease-causes-risk-factors-and-treatments

  Obesity is an established risk for gallstone disease. At least 25% of morbidly obese individuals have evidence of gallstone disease (1). […] The frequency of gallstones increases with age, escalating after age 40 to become 10-40 times more likely in older adults (1). […] The female sex is almost twice as likely to form gallstones until menopause, and then men start to catch up. The underlying mechanism is the female sex hormones. […] Family history and genetics significantly influence gallstone risk factors. Familial studies reveal an increased frequency of nearly five times elevated risk in relatives of gallstone patients (1). […] These ethnicities have an up to 70% likelihood of developing gallstones. […] Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are risk factors for gallstone disease.

• #133 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Rapid weight loss increases risk of gallstones. […] Cholesterol modifying medications can affect gallstone formation. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis and there is evidence that their use may decrease the risk of getting gallstones. […] Fibrates increase cholesterol concentration in bile and their use has been associated with an increased risk of gallstones.

• #134 Gallstones | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gallstones

  Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like masses that form in your gallbladder, below your liver. […] You’re more likely to get gallstones if you’re female, aged over 40 and living with overweight or obesity. […] It is not fully understood why gallstones form. However, you are more likely to get gallstones if you’re: female, aged over 40 years, living with overweight or obesity, or are inactive, pregnant or taking the contraceptive pill, if you lose weight quickly, if you have diabetes, have a family history of gallstones. […] Although diet doesn’t directly cause gallbladder problems or cure them choosing a healthy diet may help prevent gallstones from forming. It may also help you avoid discomfort if gallstones develop. […] Choose a diet that’s low in fat and cholesterol and high in fibre, as this is the most likely to reduce your chance of gallstones.

• #135 What are The Causes of Gallstones in Adults? | FreeFromPiles

  https://www.freefrompiles.com/health-tips/causes-of-gallstones-in-adults/

  Losing weight too quickly, especially through crash diets or extreme measures, can trigger the formation of gallstones. Rapid weight loss causes the liver to release more cholesterol into the bile, overwhelming the gallbladders ability to process it effectively. […] A diet rich in refined carbohydrates, and saturated fats, and low in fiber can increase the risk of gallstone formation. Consuming excessive amounts of cholesterol-laden foods, such as fried and fatty foods, can contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the bile. […] Leading a sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical activity can impair the gallbladders ability to empty itself regularly. Regular exercise helps promote healthy bile flow and reduces the risk of gallstone formation. […] Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen levels, can impact the gallbladders functioning. Estrogen dominance, often seen in pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, or certain birth control methods, can increase the risk of gallstone formation.

• #136 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-gallstones-1742784

  Gallstones (also called cholelithiasis) form when there is an imbalance in the composition of bile in the gallbladder. […] Cholesterol stones result from bile made of too much cholesterol or bilirubin and not enough bile salts. […] People who develop pigment stones typically have cirrhosis of the liver, biliary tract infections, or hereditary blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia. […] Gallstones can form in the gallbladder when bile hardens into a stone-like material, which can happen if there are too much bile salts, cholesterol, or bilirubin in it. […] There are a variety of reasons why gallstones may form. These factors have been associated with gallstones: Obesity, Lack of exercise, High-fat diets and refined carbohydrates, Tobacco use, Genetic predisposition. […] The possibility of developing gallstones increases with age. In addition, females are more likely to have gallstones than males are due to hormonal factors. Obesity, diet, and lifestyle all may play a role in whether you develop gallstones or not. Chronic illnesses (including diabetes) and the medications you take also may play a role. […] Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be caused be gallstones.

• #137 Gallstone – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone

  Rapid weight loss increases risk of gallstones. […] Cholesterol modifying medications can affect gallstone formation. Statins inhibit cholesterol synthesis and there is evidence that their use may decrease the risk of getting gallstones. […] Fibrates increase cholesterol concentration in bile and their use has been associated with an increased risk of gallstones.

• #138 GiKids – Gallstones

  https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/gallstones/

  Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a medication that may be useful in the management of cholelithiasis in select patients. The primary disadvantage with ursodeoxycholic acid therapy is the high chance of gallstone recurrence. Therefore, this treatment is not recommended in patients with symptomatic gallstones and is usually indicated only for patients unfit to undergo surgical intervention.

• #139 Gallstones | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gallstones

  Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like masses that form in your gallbladder, below your liver. […] You’re more likely to get gallstones if you’re female, aged over 40 and living with overweight or obesity. […] It is not fully understood why gallstones form. However, you are more likely to get gallstones if you’re: female, aged over 40 years, living with overweight or obesity, or are inactive, pregnant or taking the contraceptive pill, if you lose weight quickly, if you have diabetes, have a family history of gallstones. […] Although diet doesn’t directly cause gallbladder problems or cure them choosing a healthy diet may help prevent gallstones from forming. It may also help you avoid discomfort if gallstones develop. […] Choose a diet that’s low in fat and cholesterol and high in fibre, as this is the most likely to reduce your chance of gallstones.

• #140 Gallstones | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgicaloncology.ucsf.edu/condition/gallstones

  Other factors that affect a person’s risk of gallstones include obesity. People who are obese, especially women, have increased risk of developing gallstones. Obesity increases the amount of cholesterol in bile, which can cause stone formation. […] Research suggests diets high in calories and refined carbohydrates and low in fiber increase the risk of gallstones. […] Pigment stones tend to develop in people who have cirrhosis, infections in the bile ducts, or severe hemolytic anemias. […] If gallstones block the bile ducts, pressure increases in the gallbladder, causing a gallbladder attack. […] The usual treatment for gallstones is surgery to remove the gallbladder. If a person cannot undergo surgery, nonsurgical treatments may be used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones. […] Factors related to eating, diet, and nutrition that increase the risk of gallstones include obesity, rapid weight loss, and diets high in calories and refined carbohydrates and low in fiber.

• #141

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/gallstones

  Gallstones are caused by bile crystallization within the gallbladder or bile duct. Bile, a crucial digestive fluid, is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. […] Simple lifestyle changes could go a long way with gallstone prevention. Some ways to help reduce your risk of gallstones are: […] These practices can reduce your risk but may not prevent gallstones from forming.

• #142 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #143 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Gallstones form when bile sediment collects and crystallizes. Often, the sediment is an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. […] Gallstones form when there’s an excess of one of the main ingredients in bile. The excess ingredient turns to sediment at the bottom of your gallbladder or bile ducts, and the sediment gradually hardens into stones. Cholesterol stones are the most common type. Pigment (bilirubin) stones are the other. […] A variety of factors may be involved in this process, including: Excess cholesterol. Your liver extracts cholesterol from your blood to make bile. If there’s too much cholesterol in your blood, the proportions in your bile will be off. Bile needs a balance of lipids and acids to hold all the ingredients together. Any excess will fall by the wayside.

• #144 Gallstones | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/gallstones/

  Gallstones are thought to develop because of an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. In most cases the levels of cholesterol in bile become too high and the excess cholesterol forms into stones. […] Gallstones are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver to aid digestion. […] Its still unclear exactly what leads to this imbalance, but gallstones can form if: there are unusually high levels of cholesterol inside the gallbladder (about 4 in every 5 gallstones are made up of cholesterol) […] there are unusually high levels of a waste product called bilirubin inside the gallbladder (about 1 in every 5 gallstones is made up of bilirubin). […] These chemical imbalances cause tiny crystals to develop in the bile. These can gradually grow (often over many years) into solid stones that can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pebble.

• #145 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstones

  Gallstones can happen when: […] Doctors arent sure exactly what causes gallstones, but they might happen when: […] Theres too much cholesterol in your bile. Your body needs bile for digestion. It usually dissolves cholesterol. But when it cant do that, the extra cholesterol might build up and form stones. […] Theres too much bilirubin in your bile. Conditions such as liver disease, infections, and blood disorders can cause your liver to make too much bilirubin. […] Your gallbladder doesnt empty all the way. This can make your bile very concentrated.

• #146 Gallstones: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/gallstones

  Gallstones are formed when substances found in bile, such as bilirubin and cholesterol, crystalize and harden. […] The cause of gallstones is thought to be due to having too much cholesterol or bilirubin in your gallbladder. […] Too much cholesterol in your bile can lead to yellow cholesterol stones, which may develop if your liver makes more cholesterol than your bile can dissolve. […] Approximately 4 in 5 gallstones are made from cholesterol. […] This chemical is produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. […] These hard stones are often dark brown or black and form when your gallbladder cant break down the excess bilirubin. […] Gallstones may also happen if your gallbladder fails to properly empty its bile content. […] Gallbladder symptoms can sometimes happen after eating high fat foods, too.

• #147 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  Excess bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of broken-down old red blood cells. You might have an excess of bilirubin if you have a blood disorder that destroys too many red blood cells, or if your liver is impaired in some way and struggling to process its normal load of bilirubin into bile. […] Not enough bile acids (bile salts). Certain diseases can cause bile acid malabsorption, which means that you lose bile acids in your poop. If you lose too many, your liver won’t have enough left to make bile with. The lack of bile acids creates an excess of lipids (cholesterol) in your bile. […] Cholestasis or gallbladder stasis. Stasis means inactivity. If your bile ducts or gallbladder aren’t moving bile effectively through your biliary tract, the bile is more likely to form sediment. This might be an issue with the muscles or with the chemical signaling that tells them to move.

• #148 Gallstones, Gallbladder Stones – Symptoms, Causes, Complications PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact

  https://www.pacehospital.com/gallstones-gallbladder-stones-symptoms-causes-types-complications-and-prevention

  Gallbladder stasis: To break down fats in the small intestine, the gallbladder releases bile. Proper contraction of the gallbladder is necessary to expel bile properly. However, disability in the contraction of the gallbladder can cause a few quantities of bile to be left behind. These nominal quantities of bile, over time, progressively concentrate into a sludge-like substance. Upon crystallisation, stones are formed.

• #149 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/7313-gallstones

  A variety of diseases and conditions can affect your bile flow or your cholesterol, bilirubin or bile acid levels. But not everyone with gallstones has an underlying condition. Some of the most common risk factors are normal factors, like your age, genetic profile, hormone levels and weight fluctuations. […] Gallstones take time to develop and grow large enough to cause an obstruction. Males are more likely to get them after age 60. Females are more likely to get them during their fertile years, roughly between the ages of 20 and 50. […] Females are three times more likely to get gallstones. Their risk peaks and declines with their estrogen and progesterone levels. Estrogen increases cholesterol levels, while progesterone slows your gallbladder from emptying. […] Body fat releases estrogen, so having more of it raises your estrogen levels and your cholesterol levels. On the other hand, rapid weight loss, like after weight loss surgery, can also cause gallstones. Losing body fat quickly releases large loads of cholesterol into your bile. […] If you’re of Native American or Mexican descent, your genetic profile makes you more prone to higher cholesterol levels in your bile, leading to gallstones. If you have a family history of gallstones, you may be more likely to develop them, regardless of your racial heritage.

• #150 Gallstones: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000273.htm

  Gallstones are hard deposits that form inside the gallbladder. These may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. […] The cause of gallstones varies. There are two main types of gallstones: […] Stones made of cholesterol — This is the most common type. Cholesterol gallstones are not related to cholesterol level in the blood. […] Stones made of bilirubin — These are called pigment stones. They occur when red blood cells are destroyed and too much bilirubin is in the bile. […] Gallstones are more common in: […] Female sex […] Native Americans and people of Hispanic descent […] People over age 40 […] People who are overweight […] People with family history of gallstones. […] The following factors also make you more likely to develop gallstones: […] Bone marrow or solid organ transplant

• #151 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459370/

  Gallstones arise from metabolic, environmental, and genetic factors, and their composition depends on the etiology. […] Gallstones are formed from bile products that precipitate out of solution, including cholesterol, breakdown products of red blood cells, and a mixture of calcium bilirubinate, phosphate, carbonate, palmitate, and cholesterol. […] Cholesterol is the main component of the most common type of gallstone. […] Cholesterol stones are prevalent in individuals with diabetes and other metabolic dysfunctions. […] Genetic factors are believed to account for 25% to 30% of the risk of gallstone formation. […] Estrogen levels have been shown to correlate with bile cholesterol and a decrease in gallbladder contractility. […] Medications, phospholipid homeostasis, gut microbiome, diet, metabolic syndrome, hormonal and bacterial milieu, genetics, and even high altitude contribute to gallstone formation.

• #152 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175667-overview

  Cholesterol gallstones, black pigment gallstones, and brown pigment gallstones have different pathogeneses and different risk factors. […] Cholesterol gallstones are associated with female sex, European or Native American ancestry, and increasing age. Other risk factors include the following: Obesity, Pregnancy, Gallbladder stasis, Drugs, Heredity. […] The metabolic syndrome of truncal obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia is associated with increased hepatic cholesterol secretion and is a major risk factor for the development of cholesterol gallstones. […] Cholesterol gallstones are more common in women who have experienced multiple pregnancies. A major contributing factor is thought to be the high progesterone levels of pregnancy. Progesterone reduces gallbladder contractility, leading to prolonged retention and greater concentration of bile in the gallbladder.

• #153 Causes and Risk Factors of Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

  https://www.health.com/gallstones-causes-8653245

  Evidence suggests genetics can play a significant role in the development of gallstones. […] Several underlying health conditions and lifestyle factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones. […] In people assigned female at birth, high levels of the hormone estrogen can raise gallstone risk. […] Obesity can significantly affect your liver and gallbladder function. […] Rapidly losing weight can also raise your risk. […] Severe liver scarring (medically known as cirrhosis) can often occur due to hepatitis infections and excessive alcohol use. […] Anemia is a group of blood disorders that causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. […] Diabetes mellitus makes it difficult for your body to break down and digest glucose (sugar) which can raise your blood sugar levels.

• #154 Risks and causes of gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/gallbladder-cancer/risks-causes

  People who smoke increase their risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of many types of cancers, including gallbladder cancer. […] Being overweight or obese also means you are more likely to develop gallstones which increases your risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Some abnormalities of the pancreas and bile duct increase your risk of getting gallbladder cancer. […] Having this condition increases your risk of getting gallbladder cancer in the future. […] If you have diabetes, you might have an increased risk of gallbladder cancer or cancer of the bile duct. […] Drinking alcohol can increase your risk of gallbladder cancer. […] Ionising radiation increases your risk of gallbladder cancer.

• #155 Gallstones: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment | GHCA

  https://www.giwebmd.com/gallstones

  Pigment (bilirubin) gallstones are found most often in patients with severe liver disease and patients with some blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia. […] Cholesterol gallstones are found most often in women over 20, especially pregnant women, and men over 60 years old, overweight men and women, people on crash diets who lose a lot of weight quickly, patients who use certain medications including birth control pills and cholesterol-lowering agents, and Native-Americans and Mexican-Americans.

• #156 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-gallstones-1742784

  Gallstones (also called cholelithiasis) form when there is an imbalance in the composition of bile in the gallbladder. […] Cholesterol stones result from bile made of too much cholesterol or bilirubin and not enough bile salts. […] People who develop pigment stones typically have cirrhosis of the liver, biliary tract infections, or hereditary blood disorders, including sickle cell anemia. […] Gallstones can form in the gallbladder when bile hardens into a stone-like material, which can happen if there are too much bile salts, cholesterol, or bilirubin in it. […] There are a variety of reasons why gallstones may form. These factors have been associated with gallstones: Obesity, Lack of exercise, High-fat diets and refined carbohydrates, Tobacco use, Genetic predisposition. […] The possibility of developing gallstones increases with age. In addition, females are more likely to have gallstones than males are due to hormonal factors. Obesity, diet, and lifestyle all may play a role in whether you develop gallstones or not. Chronic illnesses (including diabetes) and the medications you take also may play a role. […] Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, which can be caused be gallstones.

• #157 Causes of gallbladder problems, and when to see a doctorSearchSearchFacebookYouTubeBlogTwitter

  https://www.logansportmemorial.org/blog/gallbladder-problems

  In many cases, gallbladder problems can be minor and not require any treatment. […] The majority of gallbladder problems involve gallstones and inflammation. Gallstones are formed when cholesterol in the bile stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of stone-like material. […] Gallstones are very common. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 10–15% of Americans will be diagnosed with gallstones, and about a quarter of those cases require treatment. […] Certain foods can contribute to gallbladder problems, most notably: Foods high in trans fats, Highly-processed food, Refined carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, sugar).

• #158 Gallstones: Causes, Treatment and Prevention | Live Science

  https://www.livescience.com/34726-gallstones-symptoms-treatment.html

  People who have significant fluctuations in weight, such as from a pregnancy or operation, are also at risk of developing gallstones, Bencsath said. […] Gallstones occur more frequently in people at two opposite ends of the weight spectrum those who are overweight or obese, and those who fast or lose a lot of weight quickly. In addition, research published in the journal Gut in 2005 suggests that high intake of carbohydrate, a fluctuating glycemic load and glycemic index increase the risk of symptomatic gall stone disease in men. Therefore, it is important to adopt a healthy diet and stick to regular meal times.

• #159 What Causes Gallbladder Issues?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/digestive-health/what-causes-gallbladder-issues/

  Experts believe that about one-quarter of gallbladder disease cases may be hereditary. […] If you have certain co-occurring medical issues, you may be more likely to have gallbladder problems. […] Some medicines that can make gallbladder issues more likely are: Drugs that contain estrogen, such as oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy. […] Gallbladder issues can be caused by factors such as sex, age, lifestyle habits, genetics, and certain medications, among others.

• #160 What Causes Gallbladder Disease?: Surgical Associates of North Texas: Advanced Laparoscopic Surgeons

  https://www.surgicalassociatesofnorthtexas.com/blog/what-causes-gallbladder-disease

  Gallbladder disease typically occurs because your system gets overwhelmed by too much cholesterol or bilirubin. […] When these substances dont dissolve as they should, stones can form. Some people also produce gallstones if their gallbladder doesnt empty properly. […] Several factors can increase your risk of developing gallstones, including: Being female or over age 40, Having a sedentary lifestyle, Being pregnant or obese, Experiencing rapid weight loss, Consuming a diet high in refined carbs, cholesterol, and saturated fat, Living with other underlying conditions, such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, or cirrhosis. […] Taking certain medications such as diuretics or substances that contain estrogen can also increase your chances of developing gallstones.

• #161

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/gallstones

  Gallstones are caused by bile crystallization within the gallbladder or bile duct. Bile, a crucial digestive fluid, is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. […] Simple lifestyle changes could go a long way with gallstone prevention. Some ways to help reduce your risk of gallstones are: […] These practices can reduce your risk but may not prevent gallstones from forming.

• #162 Gallstones | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/gallstones

  Gallstones (cholelithiasis) are hard, pebble-like masses that form in your gallbladder, below your liver. […] You’re more likely to get gallstones if you’re female, aged over 40 and living with overweight or obesity. […] It is not fully understood why gallstones form. However, you are more likely to get gallstones if you’re: female, aged over 40 years, living with overweight or obesity, or are inactive, pregnant or taking the contraceptive pill, if you lose weight quickly, if you have diabetes, have a family history of gallstones. […] Although diet doesn’t directly cause gallbladder problems or cure them choosing a healthy diet may help prevent gallstones from forming. It may also help you avoid discomfort if gallstones develop. […] Choose a diet that’s low in fat and cholesterol and high in fibre, as this is the most likely to reduce your chance of gallstones.

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