Guzy i obrzęki jąder
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Guzy i obrzęki jąder mają zróżnicowane etiologie, z przewagą zmian łagodnych, jednak każdy wykryty guz wymaga specjalistycznej oceny ze względu na ryzyko raka jądra, najczęstszego nowotworu u mężczyzn w wieku 15-35 lat. Charakterystycznym objawem jest bezbolesny guz jądra, choć bolesne powiększenie również może wskazywać na nowotwór. Rokowanie w raku jądra jest bardzo dobre, z ponad 95% skutecznością leczenia i wzrostem do 98% przy wczesnej diagnozie. W Anglii 5-letnia przeżywalność wynosi około 95%, a 10-letnia około 90%. Kluczowe czynniki prognostyczne to typ histologiczny (nasieniaki vs nienasieniaki), lokalizacja pierwotna guza, stopień zaawansowania i obecność przerzutów, zajęcie węzłów chłonnych zaotrzewnowych oraz poziomy markerów nowotworowych. System klasyfikacji IGCCCG dzieli guzy na grupy rokownicze, różnicując rokowanie i plan leczenia.

Guzy i obrzęki jąder – Rokowanie (przewidywanie wyniku)

Guzy i obrzęki jąder mogą mieć różne przyczyny i w zależności od ich źródła, rokowanie może się znacząco różnić. Większość guzów i obrzęków jąder jest spowodowana przez niezłośliwe (łagodne) zmiany, które mogą nie wymagać leczenia.1 Jednak niektóre guzy mogą wskazywać na poważniejsze schorzenia, jak rak jądra, dlatego kluczowe jest, aby każdy wykryty guz jądra został zbadany przez specjalistę, nawet przy braku bólu czy innych objawów.2

Rak jąder – rokowanie

Rak jąder jest najczęstszym nowotworem dotykającym mężczyzn w wieku 15-35 lat. Najczęstszym objawem, na który należy zwrócić uwagę, jest bezbolesny guz w jądrze, choć wbrew tradycyjnemu przekonaniu, bolesne powiększenie jądra również może być silnym predyktorem raka jądra.34

Rokowanie w przypadku raka jąder jest jednym z najlepszych wśród wszystkich nowotworów. Skuteczność leczenia przekracza 95% przypadków, a w przypadku wczesnego wykrycia i leczenia wskaźnik wyleczeń wzrasta do 98%.56 W Anglii około 95% mężczyzn przeżywa co najmniej 5 lat po diagnozie, a około 90% mężczyzn przeżywa 10 lat lub więcej.7

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Rokowanie w przypadku raka jąder zależy od wielu czynników. Czynnik prognostyczny to aspekt nowotworu, który lekarz bierze pod uwagę przy określaniu rokowania. Czynnik predykcyjny wpływa na to, jak nowotwór zareaguje na określone leczenie. Oba te elementy odgrywają rolę w ustalaniu planu leczenia i prognozy.8

Główne czynniki wpływające na rokowanie obejmują:

  • Rodzaj histologiczny raka – Nasieniaki (seminoma) zazwyczaj lepiej reagują na leczenie niż nienasieniaki (non-seminoma), co przekłada się na lepsze rokowanie.9
  • Umiejscowienie pierwotne guza – Nienasieniaki, które rozpoczynają się w jądrze lub z tyłu jamy brzusznej (przestrzeń zaotrzewnowa), mają lepsze rokowanie niż pozagonadalne guzy zarodkowe rozpoczynające się w śródpiersiu.10
  • Stopień zaawansowania i rozsiew choroby – Rak jądra, który rozprzestrzenił się (przerzuty) do narządów innych niż płuca, zazwyczaj ma gorsze rokowanie. Miejsce przerzutów jest głównym czynnikiem prognostycznym dla nasieniaków.11
  • Zajęcie węzłów chłonnych zaotrzewnowych – Lekarze oceniając rokowanie biorą pod uwagę liczbę zajętych węzłów chłonnych zaotrzewnowych oraz ich wielkość.12
  • Poziom markerów nowotworowych – Wysokie poziomy markerów nowotworowych są związane z gorszym rokowaniem w przypadku nienasieniaków.13

System klasyfikacji rokowania IGCCCG

Międzynarodowa Grupa Konsensusu ds. Nowotworów Komórek Rozrodczych (International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group – IGCCCG) opracowała system klasyfikacji oparty na czynnikach prognostycznych, który opisuje przewidywaną odpowiedź nowotworu na leczenie.14

IGCCCG dzieli guzy zarodkowe jąder na 3 grupy prognostyczne:15

Rokowanie dla nasieniaków (seminoma)

W przypadku nasieniaków istnieją tylko dwie kategorie rokowania – nie ma grupy o złym rokowaniu:16

  • Dobre rokowanie – oznacza, że nasieniak rozprzestrzenił się tylko do węzłów chłonnych lub płuc, bez przerzutów do innych lokalizacji.17
  • Pośrednie rokowanie – oznacza, że nasieniak rozprzestrzenił się poza płuca lub węzły chłonne do innych części ciała, takich jak mózg lub wątroba.18
Rokowanie dla nienasieniaków (non-seminoma)

Dla nienasieniaków, które się rozprzestrzeniły, wyróżnia się trzy kategorie rokowania:19

  • Dobre rokowanie – pierwotny nowotwór znajdował się w jądrze lub z tyłu żołądka/jamy brzusznej (przestrzeń zaotrzewnowa). Mógł rozprzestrzenić się do płuc lub węzłów chłonnych, ale nie do innych miejsc w ciele.20
  • Pośrednie rokowanie – podobnie jak przy dobrym rokowaniu, ale z umiarkowanie wyższymi poziomami markerów nowotworowych.21
  • Złe rokowanie – występuje, gdy pierwotny nowotwór znajduje się w klatce piersiowej (śródpiersiu) lub nowotwór rozprzestrzenił się do innych miejsc w ciele niż płuca, takich jak wątroba czy mózg. Również może być związane z bardzo wysokim poziomem co najmniej jednego markera nowotworowego.2223

Potencjalne konsekwencje guzów i obrzęków jąder

Nie wszystkie guzy jąder prowadzą do długotrwałych schorzeń. Jednak każda masa, która wpływa na zdrowie lub funkcję jądra, może skutkować:24

  • Opóźnionym lub nieprawidłowym rozwojem w okresie dojrzewania
  • Niepłodnością

Leczenie i jego wpływ na rokowanie

W przypadku diagnozy raka jąder, pacjent zostanie objęty opieką zespołu klinicystów, którzy pomogą w wyborze najlepszego leczenia. W większości przypadków zalecana jest operacja usunięcia zajętego jądra, po której może następować chemioterapia lub radioterapia.25

Wczesne wykrycie i leczenie mają ogromny wpływ na rokowanie. Im wcześniej pacjent zgłosi się do lekarza i otrzyma diagnozę, tym większe są szanse na całkowite wyleczenie.26

Rak jąder może być śmiertelny, ale jest to rzadkie. Nawet pacjenci z niekorzystnymi czynnikami ryzyka mają średnio 50% szans na wyleczenie.27

Wnioski

Rokowanie w przypadku guzów i obrzęków jąder zależy przede wszystkim od ich przyczyny. W przypadku raka jąder, który jest jednym z poważniejszych powodów guzów jąder, rokowanie jest wyjątkowo dobre – ponad 95% przypadków jest skutecznie leczonych, zwłaszcza gdy diagnoza i leczenie nastąpią wcześnie.2829

Kluczowe jest regularne samobadanie jąder i niezwłoczne zgłaszanie się do lekarza w przypadku wykrycia jakichkolwiek guzów lub zmian w obrębie moszny, nawet jeśli nie towarzyszą im objawy bólowe czy inne dolegliwości.30

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Testicular lumps and swellings | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/
    Lumps and swellings in the testicles can have lots of different causes. […] The vast majority of testicular lumps and swellings are caused by non-cancerous (benign) conditions. Most of these may not need treatment. […] If you have been diagnosed with testicular cancer, you will be cared for by a team of clinicians who will help decide the best treatment for you. Surgery to remove the affected testicle will be recommended in most cases and this may sometimes be followed by a course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
  • #2 Scrotal masses – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604
    Scrotal masses are lumps or swelling in the scrotum, the bag of skin that holds the testicles. […] It’s key to get a scrotal mass checked by a health care professional, even if you don’t have pain or other symptoms. Some masses could be cancer. Or they could be caused by another medical condition that affects the health of the testicles and how well they work. […] Many health conditions can cause a scrotal mass or an unusual change in the scrotum. These include: […] Testicular cancer. This is cancer that starts in the testicles. It often causes a painless lump or swelling in the scrotum. But some people with testicular cancer don’t have any symptoms. See your doctor or other health care professional if you notice a new lump in your scrotum. […] Not all scrotal masses lead to long-term medical conditions. But any mass that affects the health or function of the testicle can result in: Delayed or poor development during puberty. Infertility.
  • #3 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer that’s diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured. […] Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #4 Testicular cancer: symptoms for urgent referral are identified | The BMJ
    https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k2900
    Contrary to traditional teaching, painful testicular enlargement is a strong predictor of testicular cancer, a general practice study has shown. […] The research, published in the British Journal of General Practice, found that testicular enlargement—a lump or swelling—was the biggest risk factor for testicular cancer.
  • #5 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer that’s diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured. […] Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #6 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Survival for testicular cancer is very high. […] The outlook for testicular cancer is one of the best for all cancers. […] Generally in England: around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more after they are diagnosed; around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more after diagnosis; around 90 out of 100 men (around 90%) will survive their cancer for 10 years or more after diagnosis. […] Your prognosis is worked out slightly differently, depending on whether you have: pure seminoma testicular cancer; non seminoma testicular cancer. […] There are two categories of outlook for pure seminoma testicular cancer. These are good prognosis and intermediate prognosis. No one with pure seminoma is classified as having a poor prognosis.
  • #7 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Survival for testicular cancer is very high. […] The outlook for testicular cancer is one of the best for all cancers. […] Generally in England: around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more after they are diagnosed; around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more after diagnosis; around 90 out of 100 men (around 90%) will survive their cancer for 10 years or more after diagnosis. […] Your prognosis is worked out slightly differently, depending on whether you have: pure seminoma testicular cancer; non seminoma testicular cancer. […] There are two categories of outlook for pure seminoma testicular cancer. These are good prognosis and intermediate prognosis. No one with pure seminoma is classified as having a poor prognosis.
  • #8 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    If you have testicular cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis. […] A prognostic factor is an aspect of the cancer that the doctor will consider when making a prognosis. A predictive factor influences how a cancer will respond to a certain treatment. Prognostic and predictive factors are often discussed together. They both play a part in deciding on a treatment plan and a prognosis.
  • #9 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #10 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #11 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #12 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #13 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #14 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    Non-seminomas that start in the testicle or in the back of the abdomen (called the retroperitoneum) have a better prognosis than an extragonadal germ cell tumour that starts in the middle of the chest between the lungs (called the mediastinum). […] Seminomas often respond better to treatment than non-seminomas. As a result, seminomas usually have a better prognosis. […] Testicular cancer that has spread (metastasized) to organs other than the lungs usually has a poor prognosis. Where the cancer has spread is the main prognostic factor for seminomas. […] When doctors estimate prognosis, they consider how many retroperitoneal lymph nodes have cancer cells in them and how big those lymph nodes are. […] High tumour marker levels are linked with a poor prognosis with a non-seminoma. […] The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (IGCCCG) developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It describes how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment.
  • #15 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    IGCCCG divides testicular germ cell tumours into 3 prognosis groups: […] There is no poor prognosis grouping for seminoma testicular cancer. At least one of the following must be true: The primary tumour is in the area between the lungs. The tumour has spread to organs other than the lungs. At least one tumour marker level is very high.
  • #16 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Survival for testicular cancer is very high. […] The outlook for testicular cancer is one of the best for all cancers. […] Generally in England: around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more after they are diagnosed; around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more after diagnosis; around 90 out of 100 men (around 90%) will survive their cancer for 10 years or more after diagnosis. […] Your prognosis is worked out slightly differently, depending on whether you have: pure seminoma testicular cancer; non seminoma testicular cancer. […] There are two categories of outlook for pure seminoma testicular cancer. These are good prognosis and intermediate prognosis. No one with pure seminoma is classified as having a poor prognosis.
  • #17 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #18 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #19 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #20 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #21 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #22 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Good prognosis means that the seminoma has spread only to the lymph nodes or the lungs. It has not spread anywhere else. […] Intermediate prognosis means that the seminoma has spread beyond the lung or lymph nodes. It has spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain or liver. […] There are three categories of outlook for non seminoma testicular cancer that has spread. These are good prognosis, intermediate prognosis and poor prognosis. […] Good prognosis means that your primary cancer was in your testicle, or at the back of your stomach or abdomen (retroperitoneal). It may have spread to the lungs or lymph nodes but has not spread to anywhere else in your body. […] Intermediate prognosis is the same as a good prognosis. But your markers are moderately higher. […] Poor prognosis means that: the primary cancer is in your chest (mediastinum) or the cancer has spread to somewhere in your body other than the lungs, such as the liver or brain. […] Your outlook depends on the stage of the cancer when it was diagnosed. This means: whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other parts of your body; the level of certain substances (tumour markers) in your blood. […] The type and size of your testicular cancer also affects your likely survival.
  • #23 Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
    https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/testicular/prognosis-and-survival
    IGCCCG divides testicular germ cell tumours into 3 prognosis groups: […] There is no poor prognosis grouping for seminoma testicular cancer. At least one of the following must be true: The primary tumour is in the area between the lungs. The tumour has spread to organs other than the lungs. At least one tumour marker level is very high.
  • #24 Scrotal masses – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604
    Scrotal masses are lumps or swelling in the scrotum, the bag of skin that holds the testicles. […] It’s key to get a scrotal mass checked by a health care professional, even if you don’t have pain or other symptoms. Some masses could be cancer. Or they could be caused by another medical condition that affects the health of the testicles and how well they work. […] Many health conditions can cause a scrotal mass or an unusual change in the scrotum. These include: […] Testicular cancer. This is cancer that starts in the testicles. It often causes a painless lump or swelling in the scrotum. But some people with testicular cancer don’t have any symptoms. See your doctor or other health care professional if you notice a new lump in your scrotum. […] Not all scrotal masses lead to long-term medical conditions. But any mass that affects the health or function of the testicle can result in: Delayed or poor development during puberty. Infertility.
  • #25 Testicular lumps and swellings | NHS inform
    https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/
    Lumps and swellings in the testicles can have lots of different causes. […] The vast majority of testicular lumps and swellings are caused by non-cancerous (benign) conditions. Most of these may not need treatment. […] If you have been diagnosed with testicular cancer, you will be cared for by a team of clinicians who will help decide the best treatment for you. Surgery to remove the affected testicle will be recommended in most cases and this may sometimes be followed by a course of chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
  • #26 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer that’s diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured. […] Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #27 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer that’s diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured. […] Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #28 Testicular Cancer: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12183-testicular-cancer
    Testicular cancer is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15 to 35. The most common sign to look out for is a painless lump in your testicle. Testicular cancer that’s diagnosed and treated early has an excellent cure rate. […] Like any cancer, testicle cancer is a serious condition. Fortunately, testicular cancer is highly treatable and curable. […] The prognosis for testicular cancer is excellent. This form of cancer is treated successfully in more than 95% of cases. Even people with unfavorable risk factors have, on average, a 50% chance of being cured. […] Testicular cancer is curable. While a cancer diagnosis is always serious, the good news about testicular cancer is that it is treated successfully in 95% of cases. If treated early, the cure rate rises to 98%. […] Testicular cancer can be fatal, but this is rare. Still, early detection makes a big difference in your prognosis. The earlier you see your provider and receive a diagnosis, the greater your chances of being cancer-free.
  • #29 Survival | Testicular cancer | Cancer Research UK
    https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/survival
    Survival for testicular cancer is very high. […] The outlook for testicular cancer is one of the best for all cancers. […] Generally in England: around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more after they are diagnosed; around 95 out of 100 men (around 95%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more after diagnosis; around 90 out of 100 men (around 90%) will survive their cancer for 10 years or more after diagnosis. […] Your prognosis is worked out slightly differently, depending on whether you have: pure seminoma testicular cancer; non seminoma testicular cancer. […] There are two categories of outlook for pure seminoma testicular cancer. These are good prognosis and intermediate prognosis. No one with pure seminoma is classified as having a poor prognosis.
  • #30 Scrotal masses – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604
    Scrotal masses are lumps or swelling in the scrotum, the bag of skin that holds the testicles. […] It’s key to get a scrotal mass checked by a health care professional, even if you don’t have pain or other symptoms. Some masses could be cancer. Or they could be caused by another medical condition that affects the health of the testicles and how well they work. […] Many health conditions can cause a scrotal mass or an unusual change in the scrotum. These include: […] Testicular cancer. This is cancer that starts in the testicles. It often causes a painless lump or swelling in the scrotum. But some people with testicular cancer don’t have any symptoms. See your doctor or other health care professional if you notice a new lump in your scrotum. […] Not all scrotal masses lead to long-term medical conditions. But any mass that affects the health or function of the testicle can result in: Delayed or poor development during puberty. Infertility.