Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lumps, swelling and pain in the testicles and scrotum

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/mens-health/testicles-and-scrotum-lumps-swelling-and-pain

  Lumps and swelling in your testicles are fairly common and, in most cases, the cause is not serious. […] You should see your healthcare provider if you have: a lump in your testicles this can be a sign of testicular cancer and this is easier to treat when it is found early. […] Pain in the testicles can be caused by an infection in the testicles or any of the possible causes described here. […] A twisted testicle is sometimes caused by: injury, being in cold temperatures, vigorous exercise. […] Hydrocele is a collection of fluid in your scrotum that causes swelling. […] Varicocele is a swelling of a vein or veins in your scrotum. It is caused by the valves in the veins not working properly.

• #1 Scrotal Lumps – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/urology/presentations/scrotal-lumps/

  A scrotal lump is an abnormal mass or swelling within the scrotum. They can originate from either testicular or extra-testicular sources. […] The presentation covers a wide range of pathology, therefore a good understanding of the differentiating features can aid in diagnosis, planning of suitable investigations, and the subsequent management. […] For the majority of scrotal lumps, especially those testicular in origin, an ultrasound scan of the scrotum is the first line investigation. Additional blood tests or further imaging may be warranted, depending on the suspected underlying cause. […] Any mass arising from the testes will often need an urgent ultrasound scan to assess for testicular cancer. Unlike many other malignancies, a biopsy is not warranted for the diagnosis of testicular cancer (due to risk of seeding cancer), instead diagnosis is made purely on clinical features, ultrasound, and histopathological examination of the testis following orchidectomy.

• #1 Scrotal masses – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604

  Scrotal masses are lumps or swelling in the scrotum, the bag of skin that holds the testicles. […] It’s key to get a scrotal mass checked by a health care professional, even if you don’t have pain or other symptoms. Some masses could be cancer. Or they could be caused by another medical condition that affects the health of the testicles and how well they work. […] Many health conditions can cause a scrotal mass or an unusual change in the scrotum. These include: […] Testicular cancer. This is cancer that starts in the testicles. It often causes a painless lump or swelling in the scrotum. But some people with testicular cancer don’t have any symptoms. See your doctor or other health care professional if you notice a new lump in your scrotum. […] Hydrocele. This is when extra fluid collects between the layers of a sac that surrounds each testicle. Most often, there’s a small amount of fluid in this space. But the excess fluid of a hydrocele can lead to a painless swelling of the scrotum.

• #1 Scrotal masses – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scrotal-masses/symptoms-causes/syc-20352604

  Varicocele. This happens when the veins inside the scrotum get bigger. Varicocele is more common on the left side of the scrotum due to differences in how blood flows from each side. A varicocele might cause infertility, which is when you can’t get your partner pregnant after a year of unprotected sex. […] Testicular torsion. This is a painful problem that cuts off blood to the testicle. It happens due to a twisting of the spermatic cord. That’s a bundle of blood vessels, nerves and the tube that carries semen from the testicle to the penis. Without prompt treatment, testicular torsion can lead to the loss of the testicle.

• #1 Testicular lumps and scrotal swellings | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/testicular-lumps-and-scrotal-swellings

  Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles. It can be caused by either bacteria or a virus. […] An epididymal cyst is a fluid-filled sac that grows in the epididymis. […] Varicocele is a scrotal swelling caused by swollen veins in the spermatic cord. […] Hydrocele occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle.

• #1 Testicular lumps and swellings | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/

  Lumps and swellings in the testicles can have lots of different causes. […] The vast majority of testicular lumps and swellings are caused by non-cancerous (benign) conditions. Most of these may not need treatment. […] If you experience testicular lumps and swellings, they may be caused by: varicoceles soft lumps that develop gradually above the testicle and on the left side of the scrotum, hydroceles swellings in the scrotum caused by a build-up of fluid, epididymal cysts a small, smooth fluid-filled swelling that slowly develops in the epididymis (a coil-like structure behind the testicles that helps to store and transport sperm), epididymo-orchitis inflammation in the epididymis and the testicle caused by bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mumps, inguinal hernias when fatty tissue or part of the bowel pokes through into the groin at the top of the inner thigh, testicular torsion a benign but serious condition caused by the spermatic cord (the cord that supplies blood to the testicles) becoming severely twisted, testicular cancer a more serious health condition.

• #1

  https://www.baus.org.uk/patients/conditions/12/testicular_lump/

  If you find a lump inside the scrotum, not arising from the skin of the scrotum itself, you should contact your GP immediately for further advice. […] The vast majority of swellings in the scrotum are benign and should not give cause for concern; […] If a lump is within the body of the testis itself, there is a 90% chance that it is a testicular cancer; […] Testicular cancer is the commonest malignant tumour in men between 20 and 50 years old; […] Testicular cancer is commoner in abnormal testicles e.g. previously undescended testicles, testicles which have been injured or infected and soft, atrophic testicles (sometimes seen in infertile men); and […] Early diagnosis and treatment mean that more than 95% of men can be cured of testicular cancer, even if it has spread beyond the testicle itself.

• #1 Testicular cancer | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/testicular-cancer

  Testicular cancer starts when something causes changes to the DNA of testicle cells. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes tell the cells to grow and multiply quickly. The cancer cells go on living when healthy cells would die as part of their natural life cycle. This causes a lot of extra cells in the testicle that can form a mass called a tumor. […] In time, the tumor can grow beyond the testicle. Some cells might break away and spread to other parts of the body. Testicular cancer most often spreads to the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. When testicular cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic testicular cancer. […] Nearly all testicular cancers begin in the germ cells. The germ cells in the testicle make sperm. It’s not clear what causes DNA changes in the germ cells.

• #1 Testicular Cancer | Health and Wellbeing

  https://www.healthandwellbeingwpcn.co.uk/testicular-cancer

  It’s important that undescended testicles move down into the scrotum during early childhood because boys with undescended testicles have a higher risk of developing testicular cancer than boys whose testicles descend normally. […] Men who have previously been diagnosed with testicular cancer are between 12 and 18 times more likely to develop it in the other testicle. […] Testicular cancer is 1 of the most treatable types of cancer, and the outlook is 1 of the best for cancers. Almost all men (99%) survive for a year or more after being diagnosed with testicular cancer, and 98% survive for 5 years or more after diagnosis.

• #1 Testicular Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management with Focus on Endocrine Aspects – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278992/

  Testicular cancer comprises different neoplasms, depending on the cell of origin and the typical age at presentation, but germ cell-derived tumors constitute the vast majority of cases. […] Pathogenesis of TGCT associated with GCNIS partly overlaps with that of other developmental disorders of the male reproductive system within the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). […] Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) of young adults partly overlaps with that of other developmental disorders of the male reproductive system, within the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). […] The association of testicular cancer with poor testicular function, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and abnormal testicular development led to a hypothesis that poor gonadal development and testicular neoplasia are etiologically linked.

• #1 Scrotal Lumps, Pain and Swelling: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mens-health/scrotal-lumps-pain-and-swelling

  There are many causes of lumps or pain in the scrotum, including hydrocele, varicocele, and testicular torsion. […] Swellings in the scrotum can be due to: Extra fluid inside. […] Abnormal tissue growing. […] Normal tissue which has become swollen, inflamed, or hard. […] Common causes of pain or swelling in the scrotum include: Torsion of the testis. […] Epididymo-orchitis and orchitis. […] Hydroceles (see Hydrocele in Adults and Hydrocele in Children). […] Varicocele. […] Testicular cancer. […] Your doctor will often be able to tell what kind of swelling it is just from examining you. […] You will usually have an ultrasound scan to be sure of the cause and to find out whether you need any treatment. […] The treatment totally depends on the cause. Often no treatment at all is needed. Other times – for example, in testicular torsion or testicular cancer – treatment is needed urgently.

• #1 Scrotal Swelling – Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/symptoms-of-kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/scrotal-swelling

  Painless swelling of the scrotum can be caused by generally harmless conditions or they can be a sign of cancer. […] Cancer of a testis is the most concerning cause of painless scrotal swelling. Most often swelling does not turn out to be cancer. But cancer of a testis is the most common solid cancer in men younger than 40 years and it also can occur in younger and older men, so any testicular swelling or lump should be checked by a doctor. […] Testing for testicular cancer includes blood tests and sometimes computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, pelvis, and chest.

• #1 Lump on Testicle: Cyst vs. Cancer and Other Causes

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/symptoms/testicular-lumps

  Its important for men to pay attention to their reproductive health, which includes regular self-examinations to check for any changes, especially in the testicular and scrotal area. If a scrotal mass or lump is found during a self-examination, it’s important to keep in mind that most testicular lumps are not cancerous. […] A testicular lump may feel hard or soft to the touch and vary in size. It also may feel painful, tender or swollen, but some lumps may be completely painless. […] The different types of testicular lumps are categorized based on whether theyre benign (noncancerous), precancerous or cancerous. […] Sometimes, a testicular lump is precancerous, which means it isnt cancer but may develop into cancer in the future. […] A testicular cancer diagnosis is made through procedures including imaging tests, blood tests for tumor markers, and a type of surgery known as a radical inguinal orchiectomy (in which the testicle is removed and a biopsy is performed to detect cancer).

• #1 Symptoms of testicular cancer, lump on your testicle | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/testicular-cancer/symptoms

  A lump or swelling in part of one testicle is the most common symptom of a testicular cancer. […] Most testicular lumps are not cancer. […] Your doctor may shine a strong light through your scrotum. This test is called transillumination. This is useful because light shows through a harmless, fluid filled cyst (for example a hydrocoele) […] light can’t show through a cancer, which is a solid lump. […] Testicular cancer is not usually painful. But the first symptom for some men is a sharp pain in the testicle or scrotum. […] Testicular cancer can usually be cured, even if it has spread to other parts of the body when it is diagnosed. […] Many testicular cancers make hormones that can show up in blood tests. Occasionally, men with testicular cancer have tender or swollen breasts because of these hormones.

• #1 Testicular Swelling – Urology Waikato

  https://urologywaikato.co.nz/services/testicular-swelling/

  A benign testicular swelling is basically a swelling in your testicles, which may slowly get larger over time. […] The swelling can be due to a number of things, but the two most common causes are a hydrocele and an epididymal cyst. […] A hydrocele is collection of fluid around the testes. […] An epididymal cyst is a cyst that grows out of the tube that takes sperm from the testes to the vas. […] Sometimes the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, much like a varicose vein, this is known as a varicocoele. […] A varicocoele usually occurs on the left-hand side and is often described as a bag of worms. […] Though it is common to do ultrasounds on the scrotum, the doctor can usually diagnose your condition based on how the lump feels and by shining a light through the fluid collection. […] If the lumps are small, they should be left alone. […] If the lump is large, then surgery is probably the best option. […] If the lump is a varicocoele, there are many treatments, which aim to block off the vein.

• #1 Swollen Testicles & Testicular Lumps | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/swollen-testicles/

  If you have troublesome varicoceles, your doctor may suggest surgery to reduce the swelling or remove the affected veins. […] Testicular torsion needs urgent surgery to restore blood flow to your affected testicle. Your testicular tissue will start to die if you don’t receive treatment within a few hours.

• #1 Testicle lumps and swelling | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/t/testicle-lumps-and-swelling/

  Lumps and swelling in your testicles (balls) are fairly common and there are many causes. […] A less common but more serious cause could be testicular cancer. You should always see a healthcare provider if you notice any lumps or swelling in your testicles. If it’s painful, seek advice urgently. […] If there’s a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. […] Testicular cancer requires urgent treatment. This may include surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

• #1 Scrotal Lumps – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/urology/presentations/scrotal-lumps/

  Whilst the vast majority of scrotal lumps are benign, with any testicular mass it is always vital to assess for features of testicular cancer. Classically, testicular tumours are described as painless lumps arising from the testis. […] Testicular torsion is a twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord, leading to ischaemia. It presents with sudden-onset very severe unilateral scrotal pain, often with associated nausea or vomiting. […] Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency and must be acted on immediately, with scrotal exploration and fixation of both testes, to prevent irreversible testicular damage.

• #1 Testicular Lumps and Swellings | The Pelvic Specialists

  https://thepelvicspecialists.co.uk/conditions-treated/mens-health/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/

  A testicle lump or swelling is an abnormal mass that can form in or around the testicles, sometimes referred to as scrotal swelling. […] Most scrotal lumps are benign or non-cancerous in nature and require no treatment, but they can also indicate a serious underlying medical problem such as testicular cancer. […] Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon, accounting for just 1% of all cancers in men, with around 2,300 men diagnosed each year in the UK. […] Typical symptoms of testicular cancer are a painless lump on the testicle or a change in the shape or texture of the testicle. […] Evaluation for a suspected testicular tumour involves examining the scrotum and an ultrasound scan of the scrotum. […] Treatment for testicular cancer is usually very successful, with very favourable outcomes compared to most cancers. […] Treatment almost always includes surgery to remove the affected testicle (radical orchidectomy).

• #1

  https://www.baus.org.uk/patients/conditions/12/testicular_lump/

  Swellings of the scrotum are usually cystic (fluid-filled), inflammatory or solid. Clinical examination and ultrasound scanning can usually differentiate between the possible causes. […] If the lump is within the testicle itself, it may be a testicular tumour. […] If you are found to have testicular cancer, you will be referred urgently to the urology clinic. Following further investigations, you will normally be advised to have the testicle removed as soon as possible. […] The need for further treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) is determined by the pathology results, the results of your tumour marker blood tests the findings on a CT scan.

• #1 Swollen or painful testicle | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/swollen-or-painful-testicle

  Swollen or painful testicles can be caused by many different things. […] It’s important to regularly check your testicles for new lumps or swellings. […] Scrotal swelling or pain is caused by many things, including: an injury, an infection such as mumps, a urinary tract infection (UTI) or sexually transmitted infection (STI), inflammation, such as from epididymitis, testicular cancer, a varicocele (a lumpy area caused by swollen veins in the scrotum), a cyst. […] Testicular torsion is another cause of swelling and pain. This happens when a testicle twists in the scrotum and cuts off the blood supply and causes swelling. This is a medical emergency unless the condition is treated quickly, the testicle can die. […] It’s important to regularly check your testicles for new lumps or swellings. Your doctor can show you how to do this if you are unsure. Most lumps are not cancer, but it’s important to have them checked out. […] The complications of swollen or painful testicles depend on what they are caused by. […] Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that can cause loss of your testicle if not treated as soon as possible.

• #1 Should You Worry About Swollen Testicles? | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/healthfeed/2024/11/should-you-worry-about-swollen-testicles

  The testicles are a very sensitive part of the body, and discovering that one or both testicles are swollen can be a cause for alarm. […] There are several reasons why a testicle would be swollen: […] Testicular cancer can cause the testicle to swell up and feel hard, but often without causing pain. […] Swollen testicles can potentially impact fertility or the ability of the testicle to make testosterone (particularly if the reason is cancer), severe trauma, infection, or varicocele. […] No pain, along with a firm, swollen testicle, could be a warning sign of cancer.

• #1 Lump On Testicle (Scrotal Mass): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21026-scrotal-masses

  Lumps or swelling on your testicles (scrotal masses) are usually benign. But in rare cases, they may be a sign of cancer. A testicular lump can be a symptom of other medical conditions, most of which aren’t serious. Most scrotal masses are benign (not cancerous). However, some testicle lumps can affect fertility. In some cases, they can even be a sign of a serious condition, such as testicular cancer. […] Testicular cancer is when cancer cells develop in the tissues of one or both of your testicles. […] Testicular cancer warning signs include: A lump on your testicle. Your testicle swells or becomes larger. Pain in your testicle or scrotum. A feeling of heaviness in your scrotum. […] Testicular cancer can also cause infertility. Without treatment, it can also be fatal.

• #1 Testicle Lump: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321980

  Possible causes of testicular lumps include cysts, varicoceles, testicular torsion, and more. […] The majority of lumps found in the testicle are not caused by cancer. Testicle lumps are more commonly caused by fluid collecting, an infection, or swelling of skin or veins. […] A lump or swelling can be one of the first symptoms of testicular cancer. Most tumors do not cause any pain. […] The lump will usually form on the front or side of a testicle. It will often feel hard, and the entire testicle may feel firmer than usual. […] Several factors can increase a person’s risk of developing testicular cancer. […] Rarely, the lump may be a sign of testicular cancer. […] Regularly checking the testicles for lumps can help spot the early signs of testicular cancer. […] However, if a person notices a lump in one or both testicles, it’s important to talk to a doctor to determine the cause, as it could be an early sign of testicular cancer and several other serious conditions.

• #1 Testicular care teenagers, testical cancer young people | Milton Keynes Childrens Health

  https://www.mkchildrenshealth.cnwl.nhs.uk/young-people/health-and-wellbeing-zone/testicular-care/

  Lumps and swellings in the testicles are a relatively common symptom in boys and men, and can have a number of different causes. […] There are many possible reasons why your testicles may become swollen or develop a lump. Some of the main causes are: […] A sudden and severely painful swelling in one of your testicles can be a sign of a condition called testicular torsion, which is where the blood supply to a testicle is interrupted. […] In rare cases, testicular lumps can be a sign of testicular cancer. […] The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a hard lump in the testicles. […] If caught early, testicular cancer is 98% curable. […] Its really important to look after your testicles and perform testicular self-examination on a regular basis at least once a month. […] Rather than wait around and worry about an unusual lump, bump or abnormality in either testicle, get your GP to check it out at the earliest opportunity.

• #2 Testicular lumps and swellings | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/

  Lumps and swellings in the testicles can have lots of different causes. […] The vast majority of testicular lumps and swellings are caused by non-cancerous (benign) conditions. Most of these may not need treatment. […] If you experience testicular lumps and swellings, they may be caused by: varicoceles soft lumps that develop gradually above the testicle and on the left side of the scrotum, hydroceles swellings in the scrotum caused by a build-up of fluid, epididymal cysts a small, smooth fluid-filled swelling that slowly develops in the epididymis (a coil-like structure behind the testicles that helps to store and transport sperm), epididymo-orchitis inflammation in the epididymis and the testicle caused by bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and mumps, inguinal hernias when fatty tissue or part of the bowel pokes through into the groin at the top of the inner thigh, testicular torsion a benign but serious condition caused by the spermatic cord (the cord that supplies blood to the testicles) becoming severely twisted, testicular cancer a more serious health condition.

• #2 Testicle Lump: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/testicle-lump

  There are multiple possible causes of testicular lumps, including injury, birth defects, infection and other factors. […] Testicular torsion occurs when the testicles become twisted, typically due to an injury or accident. This condition most often occurs in boys between the ages of 13 and 17 years old, but it can affect men of all ages. […] Some lumps indicate the growth of testicular cancer. Only a doctor can determine if a lump is cancerous. […] Testicular cancer is treated using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and other methods. Your specific course of treatment will depend on how early your cancer is detected and other factors. […] Most cases of testicular lumps aren’t serious or cancerous. Testicular cancer is rare. It’s also highly treatable, and it’s curable if you find it early.

• #2 Lumps in the scrotum: Symptoms & Treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/scrotal-lumps

  A hydrocele is a swelling in the scrotum caused by a buildup of fluid around one or both of your testes. […] Hydroceles are usually a consequence of how your body developed before birth, especially when they occur in babies and young boys. […] In older males, hydroceles can be caused by injury, infection or inflammation. Very rarely, hydroceles can be a sign of testicular cancer in young men. […] A varicocele occurs when the veins in the scrotum that drain blood from the testis (testicle) become abnormally dilated and large. […] Varicoceles are commonly found in men who have fertility problems, and surgery to fix the varicocele improves fertility in some of these men. […] Epididymitis is caused by infection, irritation or injury of the epididymitis. […] In younger men, epididymitis usually occurs in association with a sexually transmitted infection. In older men, infections by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract are more common causes of epididymitis.

• #2 Common Causes of Testicular Lumps and Swellings – London Andrology

  https://london-andrology.co.uk/news/common-causes-testicular-lumps-swellings/

  Testicular lumps are abnormal masses that can be found in the male testicles. This is a relatively common condition that lots of men will experience at least once in their lives, from young children to fully grown men. Testicular lumps have many different causes and the vast majority of them are harmless or at least non-life-threatening. […] The exact cause and reasons why varicoceles come to be is still unknown or unclear in the medical world. […] Epididymal cysts happen when sperm pools in the epididymis. Medical professionals arent exactly sure what causes this and you may experience spermatoceles for no specific reason at all. […] This is a simple build-up of fluid within the testicles, which may have a variety of causes, although most commonly the cause is never found. […] There are no certain causes of testicular cancer, only factors that medical professionals presume may increase your risk of the disease. This includes family history, age and fertility issues to name just a few. […] If testicular cancer is detected early enough, treatment can be very successful. This is why its important for men to regularly self-examine and talk to their doctors if they find something abnormal.

• #2 Scrotal Lumps – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/urology/presentations/scrotal-lumps/

  Whilst the vast majority of scrotal lumps are benign, with any testicular mass it is always vital to assess for features of testicular cancer. Classically, testicular tumours are described as painless lumps arising from the testis. […] Testicular torsion is a twisting of the testis on the spermatic cord, leading to ischaemia. It presents with sudden-onset very severe unilateral scrotal pain, often with associated nausea or vomiting. […] Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency and must be acted on immediately, with scrotal exploration and fixation of both testes, to prevent irreversible testicular damage.

• #2 Lumps in the scrotum: Symptoms & Treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/scrotal-lumps

  Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles that causes testicular pain, swelling and redness. […] The mumps virus is a common cause of orchitis but it can be caused by other viruses and bacteria. […] Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord within the scrotum that reduces or completely stops blood flow to the testicle. […] Testicular torsion requires immediate surgery to correct the problem. […] Lumps that sit within the scrotum may be caused by an accumulation of fluids, the growth of abnormal tissue, injury, or inflammation due to infection. […] Lumps on the testicle(s) may be caused by injury, infection, birth defects or as a symptom of a more serious underlying health condition, such as testicular cancer.

• #2 Testicular Lumps and Swellings | The Pelvic Specialists

  https://thepelvicspecialists.co.uk/conditions-treated/mens-health/testicular-lumps-and-swellings/

  A testicle lump or swelling is an abnormal mass that can form in or around the testicles, sometimes referred to as scrotal swelling. […] Most scrotal lumps are benign or non-cancerous in nature and require no treatment, but they can also indicate a serious underlying medical problem such as testicular cancer. […] Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon, accounting for just 1% of all cancers in men, with around 2,300 men diagnosed each year in the UK. […] Typical symptoms of testicular cancer are a painless lump on the testicle or a change in the shape or texture of the testicle. […] Evaluation for a suspected testicular tumour involves examining the scrotum and an ultrasound scan of the scrotum. […] Treatment for testicular cancer is usually very successful, with very favourable outcomes compared to most cancers. […] Treatment almost always includes surgery to remove the affected testicle (radical orchidectomy).

• #2 Testicular cancer | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/testicular-cancer

  Testicular cancer starts when something causes changes to the DNA of testicle cells. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes tell the cells to grow and multiply quickly. The cancer cells go on living when healthy cells would die as part of their natural life cycle. This causes a lot of extra cells in the testicle that can form a mass called a tumor. […] In time, the tumor can grow beyond the testicle. Some cells might break away and spread to other parts of the body. Testicular cancer most often spreads to the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. When testicular cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic testicular cancer. […] Nearly all testicular cancers begin in the germ cells. The germ cells in the testicle make sperm. It’s not clear what causes DNA changes in the germ cells.

• #2

  https://www.baus.org.uk/patients/conditions/12/testicular_lump/

  If you find a lump inside the scrotum, not arising from the skin of the scrotum itself, you should contact your GP immediately for further advice. […] The vast majority of swellings in the scrotum are benign and should not give cause for concern; […] If a lump is within the body of the testis itself, there is a 90% chance that it is a testicular cancer; […] Testicular cancer is the commonest malignant tumour in men between 20 and 50 years old; […] Testicular cancer is commoner in abnormal testicles e.g. previously undescended testicles, testicles which have been injured or infected and soft, atrophic testicles (sometimes seen in infertile men); and […] Early diagnosis and treatment mean that more than 95% of men can be cured of testicular cancer, even if it has spread beyond the testicle itself.

• #2 Testicular Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management with Focus on Endocrine Aspects – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278992/

  A concept of TDS was proposed, in which testicular cancer is one of the symptoms, in addition to other phenotypes, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, shortened anogenital distance (AGD), reduced Leydig cell function, and decreased spermatogenesis. […] The mechanisms of neoplastic transformation of early germ cell are not known. There is a growing consensus that there may be multiple mechanisms and testicular cancer is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder. […] A disturbance in the fetal programming of gonadal development may be a result of an intrauterine hormonal imbalance, which in turn may be caused by a genetic disorder or by an impact of an exogenous factor targeting a key pathway, e.g., androgen signaling, KIT-KITLG signaling, DMRT1 signaling and regulation of meiosis, the TGF-beta superfamily regulation (including Nodal pathway) or the WNT pathway, leading to a delay in the testis development and maturation of fetal gonocytes.

• #2 Swollen Testicles (Testicular Swelling): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22518-swollen-testicles-scrotal-swelling

  Swollen testicles (also known as scrotal swelling) can be a sign of a variety of things, including injury, infection or a testicular tumor. […] Many conditions can cause swelling in one or sometimes both testicles. These include: […] Trauma (injury) can cause swollen testicles. […] Hydrocele (pronounced hy-dra-sel) is when your scrotum fills with extra fluid, making it look swollen. […] Epididymitis (pronounced e-pe-di-de-mi-tis) is a medical term for swelling and irritation of your epididymis, a tube at the back of your testicle that carries sperm. […] Inguinal hernia is when fatty tissue or part of your intestine pokes into your groin at the top of your inner thigh. […] Varicocele (pronounced ver-e-kol-sel) is a condition that affects the veins inside your scrotum. […] Orchitis (pronounced or-kit-es) is a swelling in one or both testicles.

• #2

  https://www.baus.org.uk/patients/conditions/12/testicular_lump/

  Swellings of the scrotum are usually cystic (fluid-filled), inflammatory or solid. Clinical examination and ultrasound scanning can usually differentiate between the possible causes. […] If the lump is within the testicle itself, it may be a testicular tumour. […] If you are found to have testicular cancer, you will be referred urgently to the urology clinic. Following further investigations, you will normally be advised to have the testicle removed as soon as possible. […] The need for further treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy) is determined by the pathology results, the results of your tumour marker blood tests the findings on a CT scan.

• #2 Lump on Testicle: Cyst vs. Cancer and Other Causes

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/symptoms/testicular-lumps

  Its important for men to pay attention to their reproductive health, which includes regular self-examinations to check for any changes, especially in the testicular and scrotal area. If a scrotal mass or lump is found during a self-examination, it’s important to keep in mind that most testicular lumps are not cancerous. […] A testicular lump may feel hard or soft to the touch and vary in size. It also may feel painful, tender or swollen, but some lumps may be completely painless. […] The different types of testicular lumps are categorized based on whether theyre benign (noncancerous), precancerous or cancerous. […] Sometimes, a testicular lump is precancerous, which means it isnt cancer but may develop into cancer in the future. […] A testicular cancer diagnosis is made through procedures including imaging tests, blood tests for tumor markers, and a type of surgery known as a radical inguinal orchiectomy (in which the testicle is removed and a biopsy is performed to detect cancer).

• #2 Testicular Swelling – Urology Waikato

  https://urologywaikato.co.nz/services/testicular-swelling/

  A benign testicular swelling is basically a swelling in your testicles, which may slowly get larger over time. […] The swelling can be due to a number of things, but the two most common causes are a hydrocele and an epididymal cyst. […] A hydrocele is collection of fluid around the testes. […] An epididymal cyst is a cyst that grows out of the tube that takes sperm from the testes to the vas. […] Sometimes the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, much like a varicose vein, this is known as a varicocoele. […] A varicocoele usually occurs on the left-hand side and is often described as a bag of worms. […] Though it is common to do ultrasounds on the scrotum, the doctor can usually diagnose your condition based on how the lump feels and by shining a light through the fluid collection. […] If the lumps are small, they should be left alone. […] If the lump is large, then surgery is probably the best option. […] If the lump is a varicocoele, there are many treatments, which aim to block off the vein.

• #2 Swollen Testicles & Testicular Lumps | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/swollen-testicles/

  If you have troublesome varicoceles, your doctor may suggest surgery to reduce the swelling or remove the affected veins. […] Testicular torsion needs urgent surgery to restore blood flow to your affected testicle. Your testicular tissue will start to die if you don’t receive treatment within a few hours.

• #2 Scrotal masses // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/scrotal-masses

  Scrotal masses are lumps or swelling in the scrotum, the bag of skin that holds the testicles. […] Many health conditions can cause a scrotal mass or an unusual change in the scrotum. These include: Testicular cancer. This is cancer that starts in the testicles. It often causes a painless lump or swelling in the scrotum. […] If your scrotal mass is caused by cancer that starts in a testicle, you’ll likely see a cancer doctor called an oncologist. The oncologist may recommend treatments based on whether the cancer is in the testicle or has spread to other body parts. […] The main treatment choices include: Radical inguinal orchiectomy. This is the main treatment for testicular cancer. It’s surgery to remove the affected testicle and the spermatic cord through a cut in the groin. […] Most cases of early testicular cancer can be cured. And even if the disease spreads beyond the testicle, it still may be curable.

• #2 Testicular Cancer | Health and Wellbeing

  https://www.healthandwellbeingwpcn.co.uk/testicular-cancer

  It’s important that undescended testicles move down into the scrotum during early childhood because boys with undescended testicles have a higher risk of developing testicular cancer than boys whose testicles descend normally. […] Men who have previously been diagnosed with testicular cancer are between 12 and 18 times more likely to develop it in the other testicle. […] Testicular cancer is 1 of the most treatable types of cancer, and the outlook is 1 of the best for cancers. Almost all men (99%) survive for a year or more after being diagnosed with testicular cancer, and 98% survive for 5 years or more after diagnosis.

• #2 Swollen or painful testicle | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/swollen-or-painful-testicle

  Swollen or painful testicles can be caused by many different things. […] It’s important to regularly check your testicles for new lumps or swellings. […] Scrotal swelling or pain is caused by many things, including: an injury, an infection such as mumps, a urinary tract infection (UTI) or sexually transmitted infection (STI), inflammation, such as from epididymitis, testicular cancer, a varicocele (a lumpy area caused by swollen veins in the scrotum), a cyst. […] Testicular torsion is another cause of swelling and pain. This happens when a testicle twists in the scrotum and cuts off the blood supply and causes swelling. This is a medical emergency unless the condition is treated quickly, the testicle can die. […] It’s important to regularly check your testicles for new lumps or swellings. Your doctor can show you how to do this if you are unsure. Most lumps are not cancer, but it’s important to have them checked out. […] The complications of swollen or painful testicles depend on what they are caused by. […] Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that can cause loss of your testicle if not treated as soon as possible.

• #2 Testicular care teenagers, testical cancer young people | Milton Keynes Childrens Health

  https://www.mkchildrenshealth.cnwl.nhs.uk/young-people/health-and-wellbeing-zone/testicular-care/

  Lumps and swellings in the testicles are a relatively common symptom in boys and men, and can have a number of different causes. […] There are many possible reasons why your testicles may become swollen or develop a lump. Some of the main causes are: […] A sudden and severely painful swelling in one of your testicles can be a sign of a condition called testicular torsion, which is where the blood supply to a testicle is interrupted. […] In rare cases, testicular lumps can be a sign of testicular cancer. […] The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a hard lump in the testicles. […] If caught early, testicular cancer is 98% curable. […] Its really important to look after your testicles and perform testicular self-examination on a regular basis at least once a month. […] Rather than wait around and worry about an unusual lump, bump or abnormality in either testicle, get your GP to check it out at the earliest opportunity.

• #3 Testicular lumps: a guide to causes, diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.benendenhospital.org.uk/health-news/mens-health/a-guide-to-testicular-lumps/

  Lumps or swellings in the testicles are a relatively common occurrence and the majority of these are benign i.e. non-cancerous. […] Hydrocele in adults is generally unknown in cause. So, it can be due to infection or trauma or other things. But in the vast majority of men, there’s no obvious cause. It’s just accumulation of fluid, and we don’t really know why. […] In very rare cases, testicular lumps can be an early sign of testicular cancer, although Cancer Research UK estimates that less than 4% of testicular lumps are cancerous. […] Treatment for a testicular lump will depend on the underlying cause of the lump.

• #3 Testicular Swelling – Urology Waikato

  https://urologywaikato.co.nz/services/testicular-swelling/

  A benign testicular swelling is basically a swelling in your testicles, which may slowly get larger over time. […] The swelling can be due to a number of things, but the two most common causes are a hydrocele and an epididymal cyst. […] A hydrocele is collection of fluid around the testes. […] An epididymal cyst is a cyst that grows out of the tube that takes sperm from the testes to the vas. […] Sometimes the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, much like a varicose vein, this is known as a varicocoele. […] A varicocoele usually occurs on the left-hand side and is often described as a bag of worms. […] Though it is common to do ultrasounds on the scrotum, the doctor can usually diagnose your condition based on how the lump feels and by shining a light through the fluid collection. […] If the lumps are small, they should be left alone. […] If the lump is large, then surgery is probably the best option. […] If the lump is a varicocoele, there are many treatments, which aim to block off the vein.

• #3 Testicle Lump: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/testicle-lump

  There are multiple possible causes of testicular lumps, including injury, birth defects, infection and other factors. […] Testicular torsion occurs when the testicles become twisted, typically due to an injury or accident. This condition most often occurs in boys between the ages of 13 and 17 years old, but it can affect men of all ages. […] Some lumps indicate the growth of testicular cancer. Only a doctor can determine if a lump is cancerous. […] Testicular cancer is treated using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and other methods. Your specific course of treatment will depend on how early your cancer is detected and other factors. […] Most cases of testicular lumps aren’t serious or cancerous. Testicular cancer is rare. It’s also highly treatable, and it’s curable if you find it early.

• #3 Lumps in the scrotum: Symptoms & Treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/scrotal-lumps

  A hydrocele is a swelling in the scrotum caused by a buildup of fluid around one or both of your testes. […] Hydroceles are usually a consequence of how your body developed before birth, especially when they occur in babies and young boys. […] In older males, hydroceles can be caused by injury, infection or inflammation. Very rarely, hydroceles can be a sign of testicular cancer in young men. […] A varicocele occurs when the veins in the scrotum that drain blood from the testis (testicle) become abnormally dilated and large. […] Varicoceles are commonly found in men who have fertility problems, and surgery to fix the varicocele improves fertility in some of these men. […] Epididymitis is caused by infection, irritation or injury of the epididymitis. […] In younger men, epididymitis usually occurs in association with a sexually transmitted infection. In older men, infections by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract are more common causes of epididymitis.

• #3 Swollen Testicles & Testicular Lumps | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/symptoms/swollen-testicles/

  Testicular lumps and swellings are quite common and can affect males of any age. They can be caused by an injury or an underlying medical condition, which leads to a build-up of fluid, inflammation or an abnormal growth. […] A swollen testicle or a lump in your testicle isnt usually a sign of a serious condition. However, testicular pain should always be checked by your GP as it can be a symptom of an underlying condition. […] Swollen, enlarged testicles can also be caused by spermatoceles or epididymal cysts. A spermatocele is an abnormal fluid-filled sac (cyst) in the epididymis, which contains sperm. Epididymal cysts are very similar but do not contain sperm. Both conditions cause testicular pain and a feeling of heaviness. […] A swelling or lump on a testicle is the most common symptom of testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is rare and is most likely to affect men in their early 30s.

• #3 Common Causes of Testicular Lumps and Swellings – London Andrology

  https://london-andrology.co.uk/news/common-causes-testicular-lumps-swellings/

  Testicular lumps are abnormal masses that can be found in the male testicles. This is a relatively common condition that lots of men will experience at least once in their lives, from young children to fully grown men. Testicular lumps have many different causes and the vast majority of them are harmless or at least non-life-threatening. […] The exact cause and reasons why varicoceles come to be is still unknown or unclear in the medical world. […] Epididymal cysts happen when sperm pools in the epididymis. Medical professionals arent exactly sure what causes this and you may experience spermatoceles for no specific reason at all. […] This is a simple build-up of fluid within the testicles, which may have a variety of causes, although most commonly the cause is never found. […] There are no certain causes of testicular cancer, only factors that medical professionals presume may increase your risk of the disease. This includes family history, age and fertility issues to name just a few. […] If testicular cancer is detected early enough, treatment can be very successful. This is why its important for men to regularly self-examine and talk to their doctors if they find something abnormal.

• #3 Testicular cancer | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/testicular-cancer

  Testicular cancer starts when something causes changes to the DNA of testicle cells. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. The changes tell the cells to grow and multiply quickly. The cancer cells go on living when healthy cells would die as part of their natural life cycle. This causes a lot of extra cells in the testicle that can form a mass called a tumor. […] In time, the tumor can grow beyond the testicle. Some cells might break away and spread to other parts of the body. Testicular cancer most often spreads to the lymph nodes, liver and lungs. When testicular cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic testicular cancer. […] Nearly all testicular cancers begin in the germ cells. The germ cells in the testicle make sperm. It’s not clear what causes DNA changes in the germ cells.

• #3 Testicular Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management with Focus on Endocrine Aspects – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278992/

  Testicular cancer comprises different neoplasms, depending on the cell of origin and the typical age at presentation, but germ cell-derived tumors constitute the vast majority of cases. […] Pathogenesis of TGCT associated with GCNIS partly overlaps with that of other developmental disorders of the male reproductive system within the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). […] Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) of young adults partly overlaps with that of other developmental disorders of the male reproductive system, within the testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). […] The association of testicular cancer with poor testicular function, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and abnormal testicular development led to a hypothesis that poor gonadal development and testicular neoplasia are etiologically linked.

• #3 Testicular Cancer: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management with Focus on Endocrine Aspects – Endotext – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278992/

  A concept of TDS was proposed, in which testicular cancer is one of the symptoms, in addition to other phenotypes, including cryptorchidism, hypospadias, shortened anogenital distance (AGD), reduced Leydig cell function, and decreased spermatogenesis. […] The mechanisms of neoplastic transformation of early germ cell are not known. There is a growing consensus that there may be multiple mechanisms and testicular cancer is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder. […] A disturbance in the fetal programming of gonadal development may be a result of an intrauterine hormonal imbalance, which in turn may be caused by a genetic disorder or by an impact of an exogenous factor targeting a key pathway, e.g., androgen signaling, KIT-KITLG signaling, DMRT1 signaling and regulation of meiosis, the TGF-beta superfamily regulation (including Nodal pathway) or the WNT pathway, leading to a delay in the testis development and maturation of fetal gonocytes.

• #3 What is causing your testicle lump? Find out your options

  https://www.ultrasound-direct.com/information-hub/health/testes-lump

  Testicular cancer symptoms include a lump or swelling in part of one of the testicles. […] Testicular cancer is usually diagnosed by examination, blood tests and an ultrasound scan of the testes and scrotum. […] A scan can differentiate between a solid tumour and other types of benign lumps. […] Treatment involves removal of the affected testicle, a procedure called orchidectomy.

• #3 Testicular care teenagers, testical cancer young people | Milton Keynes Childrens Health

  https://www.mkchildrenshealth.cnwl.nhs.uk/young-people/health-and-wellbeing-zone/testicular-care/

  Lumps and swellings in the testicles are a relatively common symptom in boys and men, and can have a number of different causes. […] There are many possible reasons why your testicles may become swollen or develop a lump. Some of the main causes are: […] A sudden and severely painful swelling in one of your testicles can be a sign of a condition called testicular torsion, which is where the blood supply to a testicle is interrupted. […] In rare cases, testicular lumps can be a sign of testicular cancer. […] The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a hard lump in the testicles. […] If caught early, testicular cancer is 98% curable. […] Its really important to look after your testicles and perform testicular self-examination on a regular basis at least once a month. […] Rather than wait around and worry about an unusual lump, bump or abnormality in either testicle, get your GP to check it out at the earliest opportunity.

• #4 Lumps in the scrotum: Symptoms & Treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/scrotal-lumps

  A hydrocele is a swelling in the scrotum caused by a buildup of fluid around one or both of your testes. […] Hydroceles are usually a consequence of how your body developed before birth, especially when they occur in babies and young boys. […] In older males, hydroceles can be caused by injury, infection or inflammation. Very rarely, hydroceles can be a sign of testicular cancer in young men. […] A varicocele occurs when the veins in the scrotum that drain blood from the testis (testicle) become abnormally dilated and large. […] Varicoceles are commonly found in men who have fertility problems, and surgery to fix the varicocele improves fertility in some of these men. […] Epididymitis is caused by infection, irritation or injury of the epididymitis. […] In younger men, epididymitis usually occurs in association with a sexually transmitted infection. In older men, infections by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract are more common causes of epididymitis.

• #4 Evaluation of Scrotal Masses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/1115/p1165.html

  Torsion of the testis is most common in males 10 to 25 years of age. […] Suspected torsion is a surgical emergency; the testicular salvage rate for detorsion is 90 percent if performed within six hours of symptom onset, but drops to 50 percent after 12 hours, and to only 10 percent after 24 hours. […] Orchitis can occur when organisms travel up the vas deferens from the urinary tract, or it can be caused by systemic infections; potential pathogens include chlamydia, salmonella, mumps, brucellosis, and tuberculosis. […] Epididymitis, acute infection of the epididymis, is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases or common genitourinary pathogens, including gonorrhea and chlamydia.

• #4 Common Causes of Testicular Lumps and Swellings – London Andrology

  https://london-andrology.co.uk/news/common-causes-testicular-lumps-swellings/

  Testicular lumps are abnormal masses that can be found in the male testicles. This is a relatively common condition that lots of men will experience at least once in their lives, from young children to fully grown men. Testicular lumps have many different causes and the vast majority of them are harmless or at least non-life-threatening. […] The exact cause and reasons why varicoceles come to be is still unknown or unclear in the medical world. […] Epididymal cysts happen when sperm pools in the epididymis. Medical professionals arent exactly sure what causes this and you may experience spermatoceles for no specific reason at all. […] This is a simple build-up of fluid within the testicles, which may have a variety of causes, although most commonly the cause is never found. […] There are no certain causes of testicular cancer, only factors that medical professionals presume may increase your risk of the disease. This includes family history, age and fertility issues to name just a few. […] If testicular cancer is detected early enough, treatment can be very successful. This is why its important for men to regularly self-examine and talk to their doctors if they find something abnormal.

• #4 Lump on Testicle: Cyst vs. Cancer and Other Causes

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/testicular-cancer/symptoms/testicular-lumps

  More than 90 percent of cancerous lumps of the testicle originate in the germ cells, according to the ACS. […] If a man feels a lump in his testicle, or is concerned about a change in its shape or size, he should discuss this with a doctor. […] Often, testicular lumps are caused by something other than testicular cancer. Sometimes, an infection may cause swelling and tenderness. […] A doctor won’t be able to tell whether a testicular lump is cancerous or if it’s a cyst just by feeling it. Instead, they will perform a series of tests and exams as part of the diagnostic process.

• #5 Lumps, swelling and pain in the testicles and scrotum

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/mens-health/testicles-and-scrotum-lumps-swelling-and-pain

  Lumps and swelling in your testicles are fairly common and, in most cases, the cause is not serious. […] You should see your healthcare provider if you have: a lump in your testicles this can be a sign of testicular cancer and this is easier to treat when it is found early. […] Pain in the testicles can be caused by an infection in the testicles or any of the possible causes described here. […] A twisted testicle is sometimes caused by: injury, being in cold temperatures, vigorous exercise. […] Hydrocele is a collection of fluid in your scrotum that causes swelling. […] Varicocele is a swelling of a vein or veins in your scrotum. It is caused by the valves in the veins not working properly.

• #5 Lumps in the scrotum: Symptoms & Treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/scrotal-lumps

  Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles that causes testicular pain, swelling and redness. […] The mumps virus is a common cause of orchitis but it can be caused by other viruses and bacteria. […] Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord within the scrotum that reduces or completely stops blood flow to the testicle. […] Testicular torsion requires immediate surgery to correct the problem. […] Lumps that sit within the scrotum may be caused by an accumulation of fluids, the growth of abnormal tissue, injury, or inflammation due to infection. […] Lumps on the testicle(s) may be caused by injury, infection, birth defects or as a symptom of a more serious underlying health condition, such as testicular cancer.

• #6 Testicular Swelling, Swollen Testicle Causes, Hydrocele | University of Utah Health | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/mens-health/conditions/hydrocele-swollen-testicle

  Doctors also refer to a swollen testicle as testicular enlargement. It occurs when the scrotum (the sac surrounding the testicles) grows abnormally large. […] Testicular swelling occurs when fluid starts to accumulate around the testicle or within other parts of the scrotum. […] Testicular torsion can occur at any time in a man’s life but is most common in young boys between the ages of 12 to 18. […] The most common symptoms for this condition include: sudden, severe pain in one testicle, a red scrotum in the area of the twisted testicle, swelling on one side of the scrotum, nausea or vomiting, a testicle lump, blood in the semen, or the testicle is pulled to a higher position in the scrotum. […] Hydroceles are much more common in infant boys, but they can occur in adult men too. […] The hallmark sign of a hydrocele is a painless, round, swollen testicle that can occur on either one or both sides.

• #6 Evaluation of Scrotal Masses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/1115/p1165.html

  Torsion of the testis is most common in males 10 to 25 years of age. […] Suspected torsion is a surgical emergency; the testicular salvage rate for detorsion is 90 percent if performed within six hours of symptom onset, but drops to 50 percent after 12 hours, and to only 10 percent after 24 hours. […] Orchitis can occur when organisms travel up the vas deferens from the urinary tract, or it can be caused by systemic infections; potential pathogens include chlamydia, salmonella, mumps, brucellosis, and tuberculosis. […] Epididymitis, acute infection of the epididymis, is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases or common genitourinary pathogens, including gonorrhea and chlamydia.

• #7 Evaluation of Scrotal Masses | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/1115/p1165.html

  Torsion of the testis is most common in males 10 to 25 years of age. […] Suspected torsion is a surgical emergency; the testicular salvage rate for detorsion is 90 percent if performed within six hours of symptom onset, but drops to 50 percent after 12 hours, and to only 10 percent after 24 hours. […] Orchitis can occur when organisms travel up the vas deferens from the urinary tract, or it can be caused by systemic infections; potential pathogens include chlamydia, salmonella, mumps, brucellosis, and tuberculosis. […] Epididymitis, acute infection of the epididymis, is usually caused by sexually transmitted diseases or common genitourinary pathogens, including gonorrhea and chlamydia.

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