Brodawki i kurzajki
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Brodawki i kurzajki, wywołane przez wirusa HPV, wykazują zróżnicowane rokowanie zależne od stanu immunologicznego pacjenta, typu wirusa oraz lokalizacji zmian. U dzieci około 50% brodawek ustępuje samoistnie w ciągu 6 miesięcy, a 90% w ciągu 2 lat, natomiast u dorosłych proces ten jest wolniejszy, z około 2/3 zmian ustępujących bez leczenia w ciągu 2 lat. U pacjentów immunokompetentnych rokowanie jest korzystniejsze, podczas gdy u osób immunokompromitowanych brodawki są bardziej oporne na leczenie, utrzymują się dłużej, a ryzyko powikłań, w tym transformacji nowotworowej do raka kolczystokomórkowego, jest zwiększone. W diagnostyce i prognozowaniu odpowiedzi na terapię pomocna jest dermoskopia, gdzie obecność kropek, wyraźnych łusek i rumienia okołozmianowego koreluje z lepszą skutecznością krioterapii.

Prognoza brodawek i kurzajek

Brodawki i kurzajki (brodawki podeszwowe) są powszechnym problemem dermatologicznym wywołanym przez infekcję wirusem brodawczaka ludzkiego (HPV). Rokowanie w przypadku tych zmian jest zróżnicowane i zależy od wielu czynników, w tym stanu immunologicznego pacjenta, typu wirusa HPV oraz lokalizacji infekcji.12

Samoistna regresja brodawek

Znacząca liczba brodawek ustępuje samoistnie bez interwencji terapeutycznej, szczególnie u osób z prawidłowo funkcjonującym układem odpornościowym:34

  • U dzieci – około 50% brodawek znika w ciągu 6 miesięcy, a 90% ustępuje w przeciągu 2 lat5
  • U dorosłych – brodawki są bardziej oporne, ale również ostatecznie ustępują samoistnie6
  • Około 2/3 wszystkich brodawek znika bez leczenia w ciągu 2 lat7
  • W niektórych przypadkach proces samoistnej regresji może trwać od 5 do 10 lat8

Badania pokazują, że samoistna regresja jest skuteczna tylko u około 40% pacjentów w ciągu 2 lat, co skłania wielu chorych do poszukiwania aktywnych form leczenia zamiast czekania na naturalną eliminację wirusa.9

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie brodawek i kurzajek

Skuteczność leczenia i szybkość ustępowania zmian zależą od kilku istotnych czynników:1011

  • Stan układu immunologicznego – u osób z prawidłową odpornością rokowanie jest lepsze12
  • Typ wirusa HPV – niektóre typy HPV mogą być bardziej oporne na leczenie13
  • Lokalizacja zmian – brodawki w określonych lokalizacjach mogą trudniej poddawać się leczeniu14
  • Palenie tytoniu – u palaczy częściej dochodzi do nawrotów zmian15
  • Cechy dermoskopowe brodawek – określone obrazy w badaniu dermoskopowym mogą przewidywać lepszą odpowiedź na leczenie1617

Rokowanie u osób z niedoborami odporności

Pacjenci z zaburzeniami odporności stanowią szczególną grupę, w której brodawki mogą być znacznie bardziej problematyczne:1819

Brodawki mogą być również objawem nierozpoznanych chorób wpływających na odporność, takich jak zakażenie HIV, chłoniak czy limfocytopenia CD4, co dodatkowo podkreśla potrzebę konsultacji dermatologicznej u pacjentów z obniżoną odpornością.24

Skuteczność metod leczenia a rokowanie

Badania porównujące różne metody terapeutyczne dostarczają istotnych informacji na temat przewidywanego efektu leczenia:2526

  • Krioterapia vs kwas salicylowy – badania wykazały brak istotnych różnic w skuteczności tych dwóch popularnych metod:
    • Całkowite ustąpienie wszystkich brodawek podeszwowych po 12 tygodniach leczenia obserwowano u 14% pacjentów zarówno w grupie leczonej krioterapią, jak i kwasem salicylowym (różnica 0,65%, 95% CI 8,33-9,63, P=0,89)2728
    • Po 6 miesiącach również nie odnotowano znaczących różnic (31% vs 34%, różnica 3,15%, 95% CI 16,31-10,02, P=0,64)29
    • Współczynnik szans dla wyleczenia wynosi 1,07 (95% CI 0,63-1,79), co wskazuje na podobne prawdopodobieństwo eliminacji kurzajek przy zastosowaniu obu metod30
  • Kwas salicylowy – przy prawidłowym stosowaniu preparatów z kwasem salicylowym codziennie istnieje rozsądna szansa na wyleczenie brodawek w ciągu trzech miesięcy31
  • Metoda nakłuwania brodawek podeszwowych (verruca needling) – może być bardzo skuteczna w przypadku opornych zmian, z wyleczeniem 70% długotrwałych kurzajek po pojedynczym zabiegu32
  • Metoda Swift (wykorzystująca energię mikrofalową) – badania wykazały skuteczność w przypadku ponad 75% długotrwałych, opornych brodawek, które nie reagowały na wcześniejsze leczenie33

Należy podkreślić, że żadna metoda leczenia nie jest uniwersalnie skuteczna w eliminacji brodawek wirusowych, a konwencjonalne terapie stosowane w codziennej praktyce mają ograniczoną skuteczność i mogą wiązać się z obawami dotyczącymi bezpieczeństwa.3435

Predykcja odpowiedzi na leczenie

Najnowsze badania wskazują, że dermoskopia może mieć istotne znaczenie w przewidywaniu odpowiedzi brodawek na leczenie, szczególnie krioterapię:3637

  • Cechy predykcyjne dobrej odpowiedzi na krioterapię obejmują:
    • Obecność kropek widocznych w badaniu dermoskopowym
    • Wyraźne łuski powierzchniowe
    • Dobrze zdefiniowane brzegi zmiany
  • Specyficzne dla kurzajek podeszwowych – odpowiedź na krioterapię jest lepsza przy obecności rumienia okołozmianowego
  • Specyficzne dla brodawek zwykłych – lepsza odpowiedź na krioterapię występuje przy obecności unaczynienia i wyraźnych łusek powierzchniowych
  • Cechy związane z gorszą odpowiedzią – minimalne łuski powierzchniowe korelują z mniejszą skutecznością leczenia (p=0,001)38

Przewiduje się, że w przyszłości praktyka kliniczna będzie wymagała określenia typu HPV dla każdej brodawki, aby odpowiednio ukierunkować leczenie. Jednakże konieczne są dalsze badania w celu ustalenia tych korelacji.39

Potencjalne powikłania i ryzyko transformacji nowotworowej

Zakażenie HPV wiąże się z pewnymi ryzykami, które należy uwzględnić w długoterminowym rokowaniu:40

  • Związek z rakiem kolczystokomórkowym – infekcja HPV jest powiązana z rozwojem raka kolczystokomórkowego i stanów przedrakowych
  • Zwiększone ryzyko transformacji nowotworowej występuje u osób z:
    • Łagodnymi niedoborami odporności
    • Nosicieli określonych typów HPV

W przypadku pacjentów z obniżoną odpornością, w tym osób zakażonych wirusem HIV, po przeszczepach lub z innymi zaburzeniami immunologicznymi, zalecana jest konsultacja dermatologiczna ze względu na zwiększone ryzyko powikłań i oporności na standardowe leczenie.41

Wnioski praktyczne

Na podstawie dostępnych danych można sformułować następujące wnioski praktyczne dotyczące rokowania brodawek i kurzajek:424344

  • U większości immunokompetentnych pacjentów brodawki ustępują samoistnie w ciągu 2 lat
  • Zarówno krioterapia, jak i leczenie 50% kwasem salicylowym wykazują podobną skuteczność w leczeniu kurzajek podeszwowych
  • Pacjenci z upośledzoną odpornością wymagają szczególnego nadzoru i często bardziej agresywnego podejścia terapeutycznego
  • Cechy dermoskopowe mogą pomóc w przewidywaniu odpowiedzi na leczenie i personalizacji terapii
  • Leczenie nie zawsze jest konieczne, zwłaszcza jeśli brodawki nie powodują dolegliwości bólowych, dyskomfortu lub problemów estetycznych
  • W najbardziej opornych przypadkach warto rozważyć metody specjalistyczne, takie jak nakłuwanie brodawek czy terapia Swift

Należy pamiętać, że obecnie stosowane metody leczenia nie gwarantują całkowitego wyleczenia, a aktualnie prowadzone badania koncentrują się na metodach immunomodulacyjnych, które mogą przynieść przełom w terapii brodawek wirusowych w przyszłości.4546

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #2 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #3
  • #4 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #5 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #6 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #7 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #8 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #9 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #10 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #11 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #12 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #13 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #14 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #15 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #16 Predictive dermoscopic features of cryotherapy treatment response in cutaneous warts | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80608-7
    The utility of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of cutaneous warts is well known. However, its role in predicting the outcome of cryotherapy for cutaneous warts remains unexplored. […] Dermoscopic features, such as dots, marked surface scales, and well-defined margins, predict a favorable cryotherapy response in cutaneous warts. Plantar warts respond positively in the presence of perilesional erythema, whereas common warts exhibit vascularity and marked surface scales for a better response to cryotherapy. […] In terms of dermoscopic characteristics, the complete response group frequently exhibited marked surface scales (p=0.001) and well-defined margins (p=0.006). Minimal surface scales were less common in this group (p=0.001). […] Warts with marked surface scales, well-defined margins, and dots were more likely to respond favorably to treatment.
  • #17 Predictive dermoscopic features of cryotherapy treatment response in cutaneous warts | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80608-7
    This study provides valuable insights into the predictive role of dermoscopy in determining the treatment response of cutaneous warts to cryotherapy. We found that specific dermoscopic features, such as the presence of dots, marked surface scales, and well-defined margins, are associated with a favorable response to cryotherapy in cutaneous warts.
  • #18 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #19 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #20 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #21 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #22 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #23 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #24 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #25 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3109952/
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] The odds ratio for cure is 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.79), indicating that the odds of clearance of plantar warts is similar with either treatment.
  • #26 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ
    https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months (29/95 (31%) v 33/98 (34%), difference 3.15% (16.31 to 10.02), P=0.64) or in time to clearance (hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.25), P=0.33). […] The primary outcome was complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks after randomisation. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] There is no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was more clinically effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid in clearing plantar warts.
  • #27 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3109952/
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] The odds ratio for cure is 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.79), indicating that the odds of clearance of plantar warts is similar with either treatment.
  • #28 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ
    https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months (29/95 (31%) v 33/98 (34%), difference 3.15% (16.31 to 10.02), P=0.64) or in time to clearance (hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.25), P=0.33). […] The primary outcome was complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks after randomisation. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] There is no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was more clinically effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid in clearing plantar warts.
  • #29 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ
    https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in self reported clearance of plantar warts at six months (29/95 (31%) v 33/98 (34%), difference 3.15% (16.31 to 10.02), P=0.64) or in time to clearance (hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.25), P=0.33). […] The primary outcome was complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks after randomisation. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] There is no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was more clinically effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid in clearing plantar warts.
  • #30 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3109952/
    There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] We found no evidence that cryotherapy is more effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] The odds ratio for cure is 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.79), indicating that the odds of clearance of plantar warts is similar with either treatment.
  • #31 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #32 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #33 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #34 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #35 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #36 Predictive dermoscopic features of cryotherapy treatment response in cutaneous warts | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80608-7
    The utility of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of cutaneous warts is well known. However, its role in predicting the outcome of cryotherapy for cutaneous warts remains unexplored. […] Dermoscopic features, such as dots, marked surface scales, and well-defined margins, predict a favorable cryotherapy response in cutaneous warts. Plantar warts respond positively in the presence of perilesional erythema, whereas common warts exhibit vascularity and marked surface scales for a better response to cryotherapy. […] In terms of dermoscopic characteristics, the complete response group frequently exhibited marked surface scales (p=0.001) and well-defined margins (p=0.006). Minimal surface scales were less common in this group (p=0.001). […] Warts with marked surface scales, well-defined margins, and dots were more likely to respond favorably to treatment.
  • #37 Predictive dermoscopic features of cryotherapy treatment response in cutaneous warts | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80608-7
    This study provides valuable insights into the predictive role of dermoscopy in determining the treatment response of cutaneous warts to cryotherapy. We found that specific dermoscopic features, such as the presence of dots, marked surface scales, and well-defined margins, are associated with a favorable response to cryotherapy in cutaneous warts.
  • #38 Predictive dermoscopic features of cryotherapy treatment response in cutaneous warts | Scientific Reports
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-80608-7
    The utility of dermoscopy for the diagnosis of cutaneous warts is well known. However, its role in predicting the outcome of cryotherapy for cutaneous warts remains unexplored. […] Dermoscopic features, such as dots, marked surface scales, and well-defined margins, predict a favorable cryotherapy response in cutaneous warts. Plantar warts respond positively in the presence of perilesional erythema, whereas common warts exhibit vascularity and marked surface scales for a better response to cryotherapy. […] In terms of dermoscopic characteristics, the complete response group frequently exhibited marked surface scales (p=0.001) and well-defined margins (p=0.006). Minimal surface scales were less common in this group (p=0.001). […] Warts with marked surface scales, well-defined margins, and dots were more likely to respond favorably to treatment.
  • #39 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    This literature review has highlighted a variety of treatments for non-venereal warts shown to be effective. […] The prediction is that future clinical practice will require the HPV type for each wart to target treatment accordingly; however, further research is required to determine these correlations.
  • #40 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #41 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal
    https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment
    Warts can last longer in patients who are immunocompromised, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency. […] In patients with severely impaired immune function (e.g. patients treated with immunosuppressants after organ or bone marrow transplant), warts may be large, extensive and resistant to treatment. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. […] HPV infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and pre-malignancy. […] The likelihood of squamous cell carcinoma is increased in mild immunodeficiency and carriers of certain HPV types. […] Warts can also be a presenting complaint of patients with undiagnosed conditions such as HIV, lymphoma and CD4 lymphocytopenia. […] All patients with warts who are immunocompromised should be referred to a dermatologist.
  • #42 Warts and Verrucas: Causes and Treatment
    https://patient.info/skin-conditions/warts-and-verrucas-leaflet
    Warts and verrucas usually clear in time without treatment. […] About two-thirds of warts go away without treatment within two years. […] So, treatment for warts and verrucas isn’t always necessary, although some people choose to get treatment if they are unsightly, or causing pain, discomfort, or other problems. […] If you put the acid on correctly each day you have a reasonable chance of clearing the warts within three months. […] Verruca needling can be very effective for stubborn verrucas, curing 7 in 10 long-standing verrucas after a single treatment. […] In studies, Swift successfully cleared more than 3 out of 4 long-lasting, stubborn warts which hadn’t responded to previous treatment. […] Treatment is not usually available on the NHS to treat warts and verrucas unless there are complications or they are very severe.
  • #43 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #44 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection
    https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart
    No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. […] Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. […] Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.
  • #45 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    Non-venereal warts are a frequent dermatological presentation with potential spontaneous regression in immunocompetent adults and children within 2 years. […] Evidence shows that conventional wart treatments are not a guaranteed treatment modality and can carry concerns regarding safety. […] In immunocompetent individuals, spontaneous regression of warts is influenced by the rate of resolution, for example, host immunity, HPV type, and site of infection. However, treatment for instant eradication is favored over spontaneous resolution as natural resolution is found to be successful in only 40% of patients within 2 years. […] The literature has shown that conventional treatments used in everyday practice are uniformly unsuccessful and carry concerns regarding safety. […] Current verruca vulgaris research is focusing on immune-manipulation methods to determine their effectiveness.
  • #46 The Effectiveness of Cutaneous Wart Resolution with Current Treatment Modalities
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7335473/
    This literature review has highlighted a variety of treatments for non-venereal warts shown to be effective. […] The prediction is that future clinical practice will require the HPV type for each wart to target treatment accordingly; however, further research is required to determine these correlations.