Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Warts and verrucas

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/warts-and-verrucas/

  Warts are not harmful, but some people find them itchy, painful or embarrassing. Verrucas are more likely to be painful like standing on a needle. […] You can treat warts if they bother you, keep coming back or are painful. […] You can buy creams, plasters and sprays from pharmacies to treat warts and verrucas. […] These treatments can take up to 3 months to complete, may irritate your skin and do not always work. You should not use these treatments on your face. […] Your pharmacist can give you advice about the best treatment for you. […] A GP may be able to freeze a wart or verruca so it falls off a few weeks later. Sometimes it takes a few sessions. […] If treatment has not worked or you have a wart on your face, the GP might refer you to a skin specialist (dermatologist). […] If you have a large or very painful verruca, you may be referred to a foot specialist (podiatrist). […] A podiatrist can provide a number of treatments including: stronger medicines than you can get from a pharmacist, freezing the verruca using liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy), surgery to remove the verruca using a scalpel or laser.

• #1 Common warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371131

  Most common warts go away without treatment, though it may take a year or two and new ones may develop nearby. Some people choose to have their warts treated by a healthcare professional because home treatment isn’t working and the warts are bothersome, spreading or a cosmetic concern. […] The goals of treatment are to destroy the wart, stimulate an immune system response to fight the virus or both. Treatment may take weeks or months. Even if warts clear up with treatment, they tend to come back or spread. Your healthcare professional will likely suggest starting treatment with the least painful method, particularly when treating young children. […] Treatment for common warts includes the following approaches. Which is best for you depends on the where the wart is, your symptoms and your preferences. These methods are sometimes combined with home treatments.

• #1 Common warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371131

  Prescription-strength peeling medicine. Wart medicines with salicylic acid work by removing layers of a wart a little bit at a time. Studies show that salicylic acid is more effective when combined with freezing or pulsed-dye laser treatment. […] 5-fluoruracil. This wart medicine is applied directly to the wart and keep under a bandage for 12 weeks. This method is often used with good results in children. […] Candida antigen. This method works by injecting candida antigen into a wart. It stimulates the immune system to fight warts, even those not close to the injection site. This is an off-label use of this medicine, which means that it doesn’t have FDA approval for removing warts. This method is often used with good results for people whose warts haven’t responded to other treatments.

• #1 Common warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371131

  Peeling medicine. Nonprescription wart removal products such as salicylic acid are available as pads, gels and liquids. For common warts, look for a 17% salicylic acid solution. These products (Compound W, Dr. Scholl’s Clear Away, others) are used daily, often for a few weeks. For best results, soak your wart in warm water for a few minutes before applying the product. […] Freezing. Some liquid nitrogen products are available in nonprescription liquid or spray form (Compound W Freeze Off, Dr. Scholl’s Freeze Away, others). […] Duct tape. Results from several small studies of duct tape for warts show that this treatment doesn’t work very well. If you’d like to try it, take these steps: Cover the wart with duct tape for six days. Then soak the wart in water and gently remove dead tissue with a pumice stone or disposable emery board. Leave the wart exposed for about 12 hours, and then repeat the process until the wart is gone.

• #1 Wart Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/dermatology/dermatology-resources/wart-treatment

  Over-the-counter salicylic acid is a commonly used medication to treat your warts. The salicylic acid is slowly and painlessly absorbed into the skin causing peeling of the skin cells that contain the wart virus. This is a very good way of getting rid of warts, but it should never be used to treat warts on the face, neck and genitals. […] Salicylic acid preparations can be found in most drugstores and some supermarkets. […] Thin down the wart with a pumice stone or nail file. […] Apply the solution or pad(s) to the wart(s). […] Cover with a Band-aid or duct tape. […] Repeat process every night before bed until your next appointment. […] This wart treatment should be well tolerated and easy to use at home. Some mild discomfort, burning, skin redness and peeling is expected while using the wart treatment. This means that the wart is going away.

• #1 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment

  A Cochrane review of treatments found the chance of clearance of warts with salicylic acid was 1.56 times greater compared with placebo. […] Salicylic acid should not be applied to warts on the face, intertriginous areas (where skin rubs together, such as the axilla), anogenital warts, moles or birthmarks, warts with hair or red edges, or to open lesions or broken skin. […] Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is suitable for adults and older children who are able to tolerate it. […] Treatment usually involves exposure to liquid nitrogen every two weeks for three to four months. […] Silver nitrate pencils are also available to treat cutaneous warts; however, there is no good evidence that this is effective. […] The Cochrane review also found no evidence that using duct tape to treat warts was more effective than placebo.

• #1 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment

  Lesions caused by human papilloma virus often do not require treatment, but need to be assessed to rule out more serious conditions. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. Treatment should be considered when the wart is uncomfortable, function is impaired or if the warts affect appearance (e.g. warts on the face). […] Most warts and verrucae can be treated in primary care. In some cases, referral to a hospital specialist may be necessary (e.g. if persistent warts show a poor response to treatment), however local policies may restrict treatment to symptomatic warts only. […] Treatment options include salicylic acid, often in combination with lactic acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and cryotherapy. […] Topical salicylic acid (15–50% w/w), applied to the wart daily for 12 weeks, is the treatment of choice for adults and older children.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-verrucas.aspx

  Self-care and treatment may be begun at home. The wart is first pared down, or filed with sandpaper and then the foot is soaked in warm water for at least 5 minutes. This softens the wart and helps treatment. This is to be repeated every night for at least 12 weeks and the surrounding normal skin should also be treated. Treatment is stopped for a day or two if the skin becomes tender. […] Those with mosaic warts may also begin treatment with a salicylic acid of formaldehyde containing gel. If there are a large number of small verrucae the area is soaked for 10 minutes at night in a weak formaldehyde solution. […] Medications like salicylic acid preparations can be used to treat verrucas. These are available as gels, paints, plasters, colloidion etc. These may be combined with podophyllum resin. Other preparations contain formaldehyde, glutraldehyde, tretinoin (Retinoic acid) or bezoyl peroxide.

• #1 Destructive therapies for cutaneous warts: A review of the evidence

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/october/destructive-therapies-for-cutaneous-warts

  This review summarises high-quality studies investigating the efficacy of chemical and physical destructive wart therapies. […] Salicylic acid chemically debrides the wart of excess keratin and induces an inflammatory response. […] A meta-analysis of six RCTs demonstrated that topical salicylic acid was more effective than placebo for cutaneous warts at all sites (relative risk [RR]: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20,2.03). […] Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen causes direct cell damage and subsequent inflammatory response. […] A meta-analysis of three RCTs surprisingly found no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy was different to placebo in the treatment of cutaneous warts (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.65, 3.23). […] Silver nitrate is a chemical cauteriser. […] A recent RCT investigating weekly applications of 95% silver nitrate for the treatment of Verruca pedis in adults found complete response in 37.5% of participants after 10 weeks.

• #1 Destructive therapies for cutaneous warts: A review of the evidence

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/october/destructive-therapies-for-cutaneous-warts

  In a trial of common warts of the hand comparing 80% phenol solution to cryotherapy in adults and children, weekly intervention demonstrated complete clearance of warts in 82.6% of phenol participants and 70% of cryotherapy patients after six weeks. […] Cantharidin is a vesicant that causes acantholysis and subsequent destruction of epithelial cells. […] A 2018 systematic review of cantharidin monotherapy for cutaneous warts found four studies evaluating topical cantharidin 0.7% monotherapy treatment of warts in adults and children, including 576 patients with 525 total lesions. […] Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid with keratolytic properties. […] Pyruvic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid with strong keratolytic properties. […] Citric acid has keratolytic and disinfecting properties.

• #1 Nongenital Warts Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-treatment

  Several topical agents are available that can be applied by trained personnel in a physician’s office. Cantharidin is an extract of the blister beetle that causes epidermal necrosis and blistering. Dibutyl squaric acid, also known as squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE), and diphencyclopropenone (DCP) are contact sensitizers. Trichloroacetic acid is a caustic compound that causes tissue necrosis. Podophyllin is a cytotoxic compound used more commonly in the treatment of genital warts. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a photosensitizer that has been successfully used topically in combination with blue light to treat flat warts. […] Several prescription medications have proven beneficial in treating warts. These can be applied at home by the patient. Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved for the treatment of genital warts. Reports indicate successful treatment of common warts.

• #1 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is repeated at one to two-week intervals to cause peeling of the surface layer. It is uncomfortable and results in blistering for several days or weeks. Treatment is required frequently to prevent the wart regrowing between appointments. Success is in the order of 70% after 3-4 months of regular freezing. […] Electrosurgery (curettage and cautery) has been used for large and resistant warts. Under local anaesthetic, the growth is pared away and the base burned. The wound heals in two weeks or longer (depending on the site); even then 20% of warts can be expected to recur within a few months. […] Other treatments for recurrent, resistant or extensive warts include: The immune modulator, imiquimod cream – is approved for treating anogenital warts but is usually ineffective for cutaneous warts, Bleomycin injections, Pulsed dye laser destruction of feeding blood vessels, Photodynamic therapy, Laser vaporisation, Diphencyprone, dinitrochlorobenzene, or squaric acid to cause localised allergic contact dermatitis over the wart, Microwave therapy for plantar warts.

• #1 Treatment of Nongenital Cutaneous Warts | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0801/p288.html

  Cryotherapy requires fewer applications than salicylic acid. […] Most trials comparing cryotherapy with salicylic acid found no difference in effectiveness, with overall cure rates of 50 to 70 percent after three or four treatments. […] Intralesional injections of the antigens induce a localized, cell-mediated and HPV-specific response that may target the injected wart as well as more distant warts. […] Two high-quality RCTs including 45 and 67 patients, respectively, with recalcitrant cutaneous warts reported cure rates of 56 to 75 percent with phototherapy plus aminolevulinic acid versus 23 to 42 percent with placebo phototherapy after four months. […] Although curettage or cautery is used to remove warts, no RCT has been published. Success rates are reported to be between 65 and 85 percent, but scarring and recurrence occur in up to 30 percent of patients.

• #1 Plantar wart – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_wart

  Fluorouracil cream, a chemotherapy agent sometimes used to treat skin cancer, can be used on particularly resistant warts, by blocking viral DNA and RNA production and repair. […] Bleomycin, a more potent chemotherapy drug, can be injected into deep warts, destroying the viral DNA or RNA. Bleomycin is notably not US FDA approved for this purpose. Possible side effects include necrosis of the digits, nail loss, and Raynaud syndrome. The usual treatment is one or two injections. […] Immunotherapy, as intralesional injection of antigens (mumps, candida or trichophytin antigens USP), is a wart treatment that may trigger a host immune response to the wart virus, resulting in wart resolution. It is now recommended as a second-line therapy. […] Liquid nitrogen and similar cryosurgery methods are common surgical treatments, which act by freezing the external cell structure of the warts, destroying the live tissue.

• #1 Warts: Pictures, Causes, Types, Removal, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-warts

  Cantharidin „Painting” a wart with this liquid makes a blister form underneath it, lifting it off the skin. When the blister dries (after about a week), the wart comes off with the blistered skin. Cantharidin is often the way to treat young children because it doesn’t hurt at first, though it may tingle, itch, burn, or swell a few hours later. […] Burning and Cutting Doctors may use one or both of these methods after they numb the area. Electrosurgery burns the wart with an electric charge through the tip of a needle. It’s good for common warts, filiform warts, and foot warts. Your doctor could also use a laser. Curettage is scraping off the wart with a sharp knife or small, spoon-shaped tool. Another option is excision, slicing the wart off or cutting it out with a sharp blade. […] Prescription Creams For stubborn warts, peeling creams with glycolic acid, stronger salicylic acid, or tretinoin could do the trick. Diphencyprone (DCP) and imiquimod (Aldara) irritate your skin to encourage your immune system to go to work there. 5-Fluorouracil is a cancer medicine that may stop your body from making extra skin cells the same way it stops tumors from growing.

• #1 Common warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371131

  Freezing. Freezing therapy administered at the office of a healthcare professional involves applying liquid nitrogen to a wart. This method also is called cryotherapy. It works by causing a blister to form under and around the wart, killing the tissue. The dead tissue sloughs off in a week or so. You’ll likely need repeat treatments. […] Side effects of cryotherapy include pain, blistering and scarring. Because this technique can be painful, it usually isn’t used to treat the warts of young children. […] Other acids. If salicylic acid or freezing isn’t working, your healthcare professional might suggest trichloroacetic acid or other acids. With this method, the wart is shaved and then the acid is applied with a wooden toothpick. You’ll need repeat treatments every week or so until the wart goes away.

• #1 Destructive therapies for cutaneous warts: A review of the evidence

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/october/destructive-therapies-for-cutaneous-warts

  Formic acid acts similarly to formalin by dehydrating and finally destroying the infected tissue. […] Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a caustic agent that destroys warts by chemical coagulation of proteins. […] Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is a caustic agent that destroys warts by chemical coagulation of proteins. […] Zinc oxide and nitriczinc complex solution (NZCS) is a topically applied solution that induces a painless caustic effect. […] CO2 lasers emit infrared light at 10,600 nm and act to destroy the epidermis. […] Excisional surgery is used in certain cases, but it is generally avoided because of its invasive nature, potential for significant scarring and recurrence of lesions in up to 30% of cases. […] Removal of warts by curettage, followed by cautery, has been reported to have success rates of 6585%, but scarring and recurrence occur in up to 30% of patients. […] Very few of the treatment options discussed here have been tested by RCTs. […] Appropriate and effective treatments in primary care generally include salicylic acid and cryotherapy.

• #1 Treatment of Warts in Pediatrics: A Review

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-132.php?jid=jfmdp

  Cantharidin is also known as „beetle juice” as it is derived from secretions of blister beetles of the family Meloidae. This substance causes destruction of epithelial cells by generating a blister formation around the affected area. […] Duct tape is an all-purpose adhesive with a variety of household uses. It serves as a convenient and cheap alternative that patients are able to attempt at home. […] Photodynamic therapy uses a wavelength of light that exogenously targets the tissue by stimulating photosensitive agents, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid to create oxidative stress on the cells, causing destruction. […] CO2 lasers function by emitting an infrared wavelength to thermally destroy tissue in a focused or defocused beam. […] Er:YAG lasers are 10 times more selective for water than CO2 lasers, therefore minimizing the thermal damage causing the severe side effects associated with CO2 lasers.

• #1 Nongenital Warts Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-treatment

  Liquid nitrogen (-196C) is the most effective method of cryosurgery. Apply liquid nitrogen using a cotton bud applicator or cryospray to the recommended 1-2 mm rim of normal skin tissue around the wart. Repeat every 1-4 weeks for approximately 3 months, as needed. Cure rates of 50-80% have been reported. […] Although electrodesiccation and curettage may be more effective than cryosurgery, it is painful, more likely to scar, and HPV can be isolated from the plume. Avoid using surgical excision in most circumstances because of the risks of scarring and recurrence.

• #1 Plantar wart – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_wart

  Electrodesiccation and surgical excision may produce scarring. […] Laser surgery is generally a last resort treatment, as it is expensive and painful, but may be necessary for large, hard-to-cure warts. […] Cauterization may be effective as a prolonged treatment. As a short-term treatment, cauterization of the base with anesthetic can be effective, but this method risks scarring or keloids. Subsequent surgical removal, if necessary, also risks keloids and/or recurrence in the operative scar.

• #1 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, are common lesions causing considerable pain during weightbearing activity. Although current treatment modalities have low success rates, microwave therapy has been introduced as a promising intervention. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts and to determine the clinical factors associated with plantar wart resolution. […] Of the total 150 plantar warts treated with microwave therapy, 125 (83.3%) warts resolved and 25 (17%) warts did not resolve. […] This retrospective study has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations. […] A pilot cohort study undertaken in the UK involving 32 adults with 54 refractory plantar warts demonstrated high resolution rates (75.9%) using microwave therapy.

• #1 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  How can viral warts be prevented? Vaccines against human papillomavirus are available to prevent anogenital warts. Anecdotally, these have been reported to result in the clearance of non-genital warts in some people without definite evidence that the vaccine is the cause of remission. […] What is the outcome for cutaneous viral warts? No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.

• #1 Warts: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-warts-1068906

  Salicylic acid is a common and effective over-the-counter (OTC) wart removal treatment. It can be found in several forms, including oils, drops, and infused adhesive pads or strips. […] When OTC remedies aren’t effective, there are topical medications available by prescription that can be applied to warts at home: Imiquimod is a topical cream that treats non-melanoma skin cancers and anal or genital warts. Retin-A (tretinoin) is a topical cream that is particularly effective in treating flat warts. […] Larger warts or those that resist treatment may require in-office care by a dermatologist. Some of the treatments are applied topically or injected into a wart to break down tissues. Others directly ablate (remove) tissues with either cold or heat. […] Treatment-resistant warts tend to benefit from a combination of immunotherapy and topical or injected therapies. Doing so nearly doubles the chances of success compared to a single treatment.

• #1 Warts: Pictures, Causes, Types, Removal, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-warts

  Duct Tape Yes, you may be able to get a remedy for warts at the hardware store! Study results are mixed, but covering warts with duct tape may peel away layers of skin and irritate it to kick-start your immune system. Soak, sand, and put duct tape on the area (use silver stuff because it’s stickier). Remove and re-do the process every 5-6 days until the wart is gone. If it works for you, the wart should be gone within 4 weeks. […] When to See the Doctor If you’re not sure your skin growth is a wart (some skin cancers look like them), it doesn’t get better with home treatment, it hurts, or you have a lot of them, check with your doctor. If you have diabetes or a weakened immune system, you should have a doctor take a look before you treat a wart yourself. […] Cryosurgery For adults and older children with common warts, your doctor will likely want to freeze them off with liquid nitrogen. (Because the nitrogen is so cold, it can cause a stabbing pain for a little while, which is why it’s not used for small children.) You’ll probably need more than one session. It works better when you follow up with a salicylic acid treatment after the area heals. Cryosurgery can cause light spots on people who have dark skin.

• #1 Warts and Verrucas

  https://www.grmc.nhs.uk/warts-and-verrucas

  Warts can be contagious but the risk of passing them on is low, needing close skin to skin contact. […] There is no need to treat warts if they are not causing you any problems. Without treatment, about 3 in 10 warts have gone within 10 weeks, and most warts will have gone within 1-2 years and leave no scar (particularly in young people). […] Over the counter treatments from pharmacists include: […] Duct Tape is a simple method of treating warts. […] In the study, 85% of the warts disappeared with this treatment and most did so within 4 weeks. […] Wart paint for hand and feet warts: For warts, buy some wart paint from a pharmacy. […] Overall, salicylic acid wart paint cures about 75% of warts (British Medical Journal 2002; 235:461-4). […] Other types of wart paint or gel are worth trying if you have been using the salicylic acid wart paint for 3 months and the wart has not gone.

• #1 Medinfo: Warts and verrucas

  https://www.medinfo.com/conditions/warts.html

  A treatment that was found to be helpful in a research project (published in Plastic Reconstructive Surgery in 1981), involved the use of banana skin. The inner side of a fresh piece of banana skin is placed over the wart and held in place with tape. This is changed daily after washing the affected area. As with other treatments, you should rub down the area regularly with a pumice stone or an emery board. […] Another simple treatment that has been found to be effective is applying a piece of duct tape over the wart. You leave this on for 6 days then take it off, soak the area in water and clear off the dead skin with an emery board or pumice stone (as with the other treatments). Leave it open for 12 hours, then repeat the whole process again. This method seemed effective, painless and safe in the rather small medical trial which was published in American Family Physician.

• #1 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24899-plantar-warts

  Salicylic acid: Salicylic acid breaks down layers of thick skin. A higher percentage of salicylic acid (20% to 40%) is most effective. You should be able to scrub out or pull out your plantar wart after several weeks. […] Apple cider vinegar: Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid, which kills off bacteria (antibacterial), and malic acid, which is an alpha hydroxyl acid that naturally exfoliates your skin. Apply apple cider vinegar at least twice a day. After several weeks, you can scrub out or pull out your wart. […] Over-the-counter treatments can get rid of plantar warts as quickly as two weeks. Without treatment, your immune system usually fights off the HPV infection after one to two years. […] If you have plantar warts, it’s a good idea to use caution when touching them so you don’t spread them to other parts of your body or other people.

• #1 Treatment of Warts and Verrucas – Victoriahealth.com Ltd

  https://victoriahealth.com/editorial/treatment-of-warts-and-verrucas

  Warts are small protrusions or raised lumps, which are caused by a viral infection often arising as a result of broken skin or a compromised immune system. There are several methods for the treatment of warts and these include the use of salicylic acid, freezing of warts known as cryotherapy, and other chemical treatments for warts. […] Because warts are viral infections, I normally tend to recommend the use of L-Lysine by Lamberts for the treatment of warts. Take one tablet of lysine three times a day on an empty stomach. […] Topical and at home remedies are very common practice for the treatment of warts. I would recommend the use of Organic Lemon Myrtle Oil. […] Dilute one drop of Organic Lemon Myrtle Oil with any carrier oil and apply to the area twice a day making sure you cover the wart with some tape. Lemon Myrtle Oil is especially effective for resilient warts and for recurring warts where other treatments have not been successful such as freezing or the use of less effective topical products.

• #1 14 home remedies for warts and verrucas | Guides

  https://www.chemist-4-u.com/guides/skin-care/14-home-remedies-for-warts-and-verrucas/

  Using a banana peel for warts is based on the idea that compounds in the peel could be helpful. […] The peel contains enzymes and mild acids, like salicylic acid found in wart treatments, which might break down the wart tissue. […] Moisture in the peel could soften the skin and nutrients might aid healing. […] Some believe the peel could trigger the body’s immune system response to address the wart. […] Using an orange peel for wart treatment involves placing a small piece of the inner side of the orange peel (the white part) onto the wart. […] You secure it with tape and leave it on for a few hours or overnight, repeating daily. […] Orange peels are thought to have natural compounds that might affect warts, but scientific proof is limited. […] Using garlic for wart treatment involves placing a small piece of fresh garlic onto the wart, securing it with tape and leaving it on for around 10-15 minutes.

• #1 16 Home Remedies for Warts You Can Try Today

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-warts

  While conventional medical treatments are the most effective for removing warts, some popular home remedies are also available; however, most are not backed by science. […] Medical treatments include cantharidin, cryotherapy, chemical peels, and electrosurgery. […] Conventional treatments include chemical peels, surgery, freezing, and laser surgery, but these treatments can be expensive and cause skin irritation. […] If natural remedies aren’t working to rid you of warts, you may want to pursue conventional medical treatment with a doctor. […] Some of the most effective and popular medical treatments for wart removal include: Cantharidin. Your doctor may treat your wart by covering it with cantharidin, a substance that will cause a blister to form under the wart. […] Cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is the most common treatment and involves a doctor freezing off your wart, but you may need to repeat treatments.

• #1 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Direct antiviral effects can be achieved with intralesional injection of bleomycin and interferon alfa-2b, but these treatments are reserved for the most recalcitrant warts. […] In immunocompetent patients, common warts usually spontaneously regress within 2 to 4 years, but some linger for many years. […] Numerous treatments are available. Destructive methods include electrocautery, cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen, and laser surgery. […] Salicylic acid (SCA) is the most common topical agent used. […] Cantharidin can be used alone or in combination with SCA. […] Cryosurgery, also called cryotherapy, uses liquid nitrogen, and is extremely effective. […] Treatment of plantar warts is vigorous maceration with 40% SCA plaster kept in place for several days. […] Combination therapy with liquid nitrogen and imiquimod 5% cream, tretinoin, or SCA is effective and usually safer than liquid nitrogen alone or cautery.

• #1 Warts and All: A Treatment Update for Verruca Vulgaris

  https://practicaldermatology.com/topics/general-topics/warts-and-all-a-treatment-update-for-verruca-vulgaris/21451/

  Cryotherapy, which entails administering cold damage to warts, usually with liquid nitrogen, has long been performed by dermatologists and primary care physicians alike. […] As with many therapies in dermatology, however, combinations are commonly used. Cryotherapy once or twice per month in the office is often paired with daily SA home therapy. […] Intralesional injection of bleomycin has been shown in several studies to be more effective than cryotherapy. […] The evidence for propolis—the resinous substance that honey bees collect from plants and use as a glue of sorts—is thus a strangely compelling alternative. […] Similarly, zinc has been shown to have some effect on warts, both topically and orally. […] Topical SA, cryotherapy, intralesional bleomycin, oral propolis, and topical and oral zinc represent a large and varied armamentarium for the challenges of warts in the clinical setting, with reasonable evidence to justify their use.

• #1 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. […] Results There was no evidence of a difference between the salicylic acid and cryotherapy groups in the proportions of participants with complete clearance of all plantar warts at 12 weeks (17/119 (14%) v 15/110 (14%), difference 0.65% (95% CI 8.33 to 9.63), P=0.89). […] Conclusions Salicylic acid and the cryotherapy were equally effective for clearance of plantar warts. […] We compared the clinical effectiveness of cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen and 50% salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts and found no evidence of a difference in effectiveness. However, cryotherapy was associated with higher costs per cured patient, which leads to salicylic acid being a more attractive treatment.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-verrucas.aspx

  Verrucas or plantar warts normally go away on their own in a year or two in most people. In around half individuals the warts resolve in a year. In two thirds the warts resolve within two years. In the remaining one third however the warts may persist and may be resistant to treatment. […] Treatment for verruca is recommended in only some special cases. For the rest prevention of recurrence and spread are the only measures that are adopted. […] Treatment is recommended in: Those with suppressed immunity like after a kidney or liver transplant and those with diseases like AIDS that causes suppression of immune functions. Those in which the warts have become painful and have led to difficulty in walking and bearing weight necessitating treatment. Patients who desire therapy. […] Verrucae are curable but no single treatment can be guaranteed to be effective in every case. In addition not all verrucae need to be treated.

• #1 Warts and verrucas | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/w/warts-and-verrucas/

  Warts usually go away without treatment, but treatments are available if they are painful, spreading or you dont like they way they look. […] Treatment can be helpful if warts are painful, spread too much or you dont like the way they look. However, treatment can be uncomfortable and may need to be continued for several months. […] Some of the treatments used to treat warts include: topical paints or gels, cryotherapy or freezing treatment, other treatments such as surgery. […] Topical paints or gels contain salicylic acid. You can buy these from your pharmacy. […] They are usually applied directly onto the wart once a day for several weeks. […] Cryotherapy or freezing treatment is when liquid nitrogen is sprayed or applied to the wart. […] If the above treatment options dont clear your warts, other methods such as surgery or laser treatment may be helpful.

• #1 Nongenital Warts Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-treatment

  Multiple modalities are available for the treatment of warts, but none is uniformly effective. Start with the least painful, least expensive, and least time-consuming methods. Reserve the more expensive and invasive procedures for refractory extensive warts. Various treatment methods are available. The British Association of Dermatologists has treatment guidelines for cutaneous warts. […] Providing no treatment at all is certainly safe and cost effective. Consider this as an option, since 65% of warts may regress spontaneously within 2 years. Without treatment, however, patients risk warts that may enlarge or spread to other areas. Treatment is recommended for patients with extensive, spreading, or symptomatic warts or warts that have been present for more than 2 years. […] Salicylic acid is a first-line therapy used to treat warts. It is available without a prescription and can be applied by the patient at home. Cure rates from 70-80% are reported.

• #1 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  What is the treatment for viral warts? Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. Indications for active treatment include: Immunosuppression, Presence of complications, Patient preference. Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. Persistence with the treatment and patience is essential! Remember HPV infects the basal cell layer of the epidermis so warts recur rapidly if the virus has not been eradicated. […] Topical treatment includes wart paints, pastes, or patches containing salicylic acid, podophyllin, or similar compounds, which work by removing the surface skin cells. Topical treatment is applied once daily to the wart. Treatment with wart paint usually makes the wart smaller and less uncomfortable; 70% of warts resolve within twelve weeks of daily applications.

• #1 Verruca & Wart | Scholl Australia

  https://scholl.com.au/blogs/foot-conditions/verruca-wart

  Cryotherapy treats by freezing the wart. Your doctor may also use liquid nitrogen to freeze the wart or verruca. Over-the-counter options such as the Scholl Freeze Verruca Wart Remover use a mixture of dimethyl ether and propane to rapidly freeze warts and verrucas in the comfort of your own home. […] If you are concerned about your wart or verruca or if your wart or verruca persists after home treatment, you should speak to your GP. […] ALWAYS READ THE LABEL. USE ONLY AS DIRECTED. See your doctor if symptoms persist. […] With that said, there are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing a wart: […] Avoid walking barefoot, particularly in communal showers and changing rooms. Maintain good personal and skin hygiene. Keep your feet dry and change your socks every day, to avoid getting warts on your feet. Do not share towels in public locations such as gyms. Wear gloves when using shared gym equipment. Do not touch, scratch, or pick at your (or someone else’s) wart or verruca.

• #1 Warts Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/warts

  Nutritional and herbal support may enhance immune function and minimize recurrence of HPV, the virus that causes warts. Work with a knowledgeable physician to find the therapies or supplements that are right for you. Natural supplements may interact with a variety of medications. Always inform all of your providers about any supplements or therapies you are using. […] Topical applications may also be effective for treating warts. Stop any topical application if irritation develops in the surrounding skin. For plantar, flat, and common warts use the following applications: Banana peel patch. Cut a piece of banana peel and place it over the wart before going to bed. Tape in place. Raw garlic patch. Cover the wart and surrounding skin with a thin layer of castor oil or olive oil. Apply a thin slice of fresh garlic and tape in place.

• #1 Warts: Pictures, Causes, Types, Removal, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-warts

  To Treat or Not to Treat? Most warts are harmless, and you don’t need to do anything — unless, of course, they’re painful or embarrassing. Waiting for warts to go away could backfire, though: A wart might get bigger, new warts may appear, or you could give them to someone else. The best treatment depends on your age and health and the type of wart. But there’s no cure for HPV, so some of the virus might stay in your skin after the wart is gone and reappear later. […] Peeling Products Over-the-counter gels, liquids, and pads with salicylic acid work by peeling away the dead skin cells of the wart to gradually dissolve it. For better results, soak the wart in warm water, then gently sand it with a disposable emery board before you apply the product. Be sure to use a new emery board each time. Be patient — it can take several months.

• #1 Destructive therapies for cutaneous warts: A review of the evidence

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/october/destructive-therapies-for-cutaneous-warts

  Non-genital warts are benign cutaneous growths caused by infection with the human papillomavirus. […] This review summarises high-quality studies investigating the efficacy of chemical and physical destructive wart therapies. […] Fifteen therapies were evaluated and included salicylic acid, cryotherapy, silver nitrate, phenol, cantharidin, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, formic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, zinc, laser, surgery and electrocautery. Very few treatment options have been studied through RCTs. […] Important considerations when treating patients with warts include the location of the wart, the evidence supporting the proposed treatment and potential adverse effects of treatment. […] Treatment for cutaneous warts can be painful, scar, cause pigmentary disturbances and might not be effective.

• #2 Common warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371131

  Most common warts go away without treatment, though it may take a year or two and new ones may develop nearby. Some people choose to have their warts treated by a healthcare professional because home treatment isn’t working and the warts are bothersome, spreading or a cosmetic concern. […] The goals of treatment are to destroy the wart, stimulate an immune system response to fight the virus or both. Treatment may take weeks or months. Even if warts clear up with treatment, they tend to come back or spread. Your healthcare professional will likely suggest starting treatment with the least painful method, particularly when treating young children. […] Treatment for common warts includes the following approaches. Which is best for you depends on the where the wart is, your symptoms and your preferences. These methods are sometimes combined with home treatments.

• #2 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  How can viral warts be prevented? Vaccines against human papillomavirus are available to prevent anogenital warts. Anecdotally, these have been reported to result in the clearance of non-genital warts in some people without definite evidence that the vaccine is the cause of remission. […] What is the outcome for cutaneous viral warts? No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. In children, even without treatment, 50% of warts disappear within six months, and 90% are gone in 2 years. Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients. Recurrence is more frequent in tobacco smokers. Immunity to HPV is likely to be type-specific.

• #2 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  What is the treatment for viral warts? Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. Indications for active treatment include: Immunosuppression, Presence of complications, Patient preference. Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. Persistence with the treatment and patience is essential! Remember HPV infects the basal cell layer of the epidermis so warts recur rapidly if the virus has not been eradicated. […] Topical treatment includes wart paints, pastes, or patches containing salicylic acid, podophyllin, or similar compounds, which work by removing the surface skin cells. Topical treatment is applied once daily to the wart. Treatment with wart paint usually makes the wart smaller and less uncomfortable; 70% of warts resolve within twelve weeks of daily applications.

• #2 Destructive therapies for cutaneous warts: A review of the evidence

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2022/october/destructive-therapies-for-cutaneous-warts

  This review summarises high-quality studies investigating the efficacy of chemical and physical destructive wart therapies. […] Salicylic acid chemically debrides the wart of excess keratin and induces an inflammatory response. […] A meta-analysis of six RCTs demonstrated that topical salicylic acid was more effective than placebo for cutaneous warts at all sites (relative risk [RR]: 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20,2.03). […] Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen causes direct cell damage and subsequent inflammatory response. […] A meta-analysis of three RCTs surprisingly found no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy was different to placebo in the treatment of cutaneous warts (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.65, 3.23). […] Silver nitrate is a chemical cauteriser. […] A recent RCT investigating weekly applications of 95% silver nitrate for the treatment of Verruca pedis in adults found complete response in 37.5% of participants after 10 weeks.

• #2 Wart Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/dermatology/dermatology-resources/wart-treatment

  Over-the-counter salicylic acid is a commonly used medication to treat your warts. The salicylic acid is slowly and painlessly absorbed into the skin causing peeling of the skin cells that contain the wart virus. This is a very good way of getting rid of warts, but it should never be used to treat warts on the face, neck and genitals. […] Salicylic acid preparations can be found in most drugstores and some supermarkets. […] Thin down the wart with a pumice stone or nail file. […] Apply the solution or pad(s) to the wart(s). […] Cover with a Band-aid or duct tape. […] Repeat process every night before bed until your next appointment. […] This wart treatment should be well tolerated and easy to use at home. Some mild discomfort, burning, skin redness and peeling is expected while using the wart treatment. This means that the wart is going away.

• #2 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment

  Lesions caused by human papilloma virus often do not require treatment, but need to be assessed to rule out more serious conditions. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. Treatment should be considered when the wart is uncomfortable, function is impaired or if the warts affect appearance (e.g. warts on the face). […] Most warts and verrucae can be treated in primary care. In some cases, referral to a hospital specialist may be necessary (e.g. if persistent warts show a poor response to treatment), however local policies may restrict treatment to symptomatic warts only. […] Treatment options include salicylic acid, often in combination with lactic acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and cryotherapy. […] Topical salicylic acid (15–50% w/w), applied to the wart daily for 12 weeks, is the treatment of choice for adults and older children.

• #2 Cutaneous Warts: An Evidence-Based Approach to Therapy | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0815/p647.html

  Another review supports the use of cryotherapy as an effective treatment for common and plantar warts (paring with two cycles of freezing) and for flat warts. […] Imiquimod has demonstrated potential efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant nongenital warts. […] One review found fair evidence supporting the use of topical retinoids based on one cohort study that examined the effectiveness of topical retinoids using a number of case reports and a limited number of trials of systemic retinoids. […] Intralesional immunotherapy is a promising treatment that warrants more clinical trials to further evaluate its effectiveness.

• #2 Warts: Pictures, Causes, Types, Removal, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/ss/slideshow-warts

  Cantharidin „Painting” a wart with this liquid makes a blister form underneath it, lifting it off the skin. When the blister dries (after about a week), the wart comes off with the blistered skin. Cantharidin is often the way to treat young children because it doesn’t hurt at first, though it may tingle, itch, burn, or swell a few hours later. […] Burning and Cutting Doctors may use one or both of these methods after they numb the area. Electrosurgery burns the wart with an electric charge through the tip of a needle. It’s good for common warts, filiform warts, and foot warts. Your doctor could also use a laser. Curettage is scraping off the wart with a sharp knife or small, spoon-shaped tool. Another option is excision, slicing the wart off or cutting it out with a sharp blade. […] Prescription Creams For stubborn warts, peeling creams with glycolic acid, stronger salicylic acid, or tretinoin could do the trick. Diphencyprone (DCP) and imiquimod (Aldara) irritate your skin to encourage your immune system to go to work there. 5-Fluorouracil is a cancer medicine that may stop your body from making extra skin cells the same way it stops tumors from growing.

• #2 Nongenital Warts Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-treatment

  Cidofovir is an antiviral agent used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in HIV patients. Several reports describe successful treatment of recalcitrant warts using various concentrations of topical cidofovir. […] 5-Fluorouracil is a topical chemotherapeutic agent primarily used to treat actinic keratoses. It has been reported to be effective in treating warts when used under occlusion daily for up to 1 month. It has been used in children. […] When warts are persistent and refractory to topical agents, consider intralesional injections as an alternative. […] Intralesional immunotherapy using injections of Candida, mumps, or Trichophyton skin test antigens has been shown to be effective in the treatment of warts, with reports of success in up to 74% of patients. […] Bleomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis in cells and viruses. Cure rates have ranged from 33-92%.

• #2 Treatment of Warts in Pediatrics: A Review

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-132.php?jid=jfmdp

  Cantharidin is also known as „beetle juice” as it is derived from secretions of blister beetles of the family Meloidae. This substance causes destruction of epithelial cells by generating a blister formation around the affected area. […] Duct tape is an all-purpose adhesive with a variety of household uses. It serves as a convenient and cheap alternative that patients are able to attempt at home. […] Photodynamic therapy uses a wavelength of light that exogenously targets the tissue by stimulating photosensitive agents, such as 5-aminolevulinic acid to create oxidative stress on the cells, causing destruction. […] CO2 lasers function by emitting an infrared wavelength to thermally destroy tissue in a focused or defocused beam. […] Er:YAG lasers are 10 times more selective for water than CO2 lasers, therefore minimizing the thermal damage causing the severe side effects associated with CO2 lasers.

• #2 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is repeated at one to two-week intervals to cause peeling of the surface layer. It is uncomfortable and results in blistering for several days or weeks. Treatment is required frequently to prevent the wart regrowing between appointments. Success is in the order of 70% after 3-4 months of regular freezing. […] Electrosurgery (curettage and cautery) has been used for large and resistant warts. Under local anaesthetic, the growth is pared away and the base burned. The wound heals in two weeks or longer (depending on the site); even then 20% of warts can be expected to recur within a few months. […] Other treatments for recurrent, resistant or extensive warts include: The immune modulator, imiquimod cream – is approved for treating anogenital warts but is usually ineffective for cutaneous warts, Bleomycin injections, Pulsed dye laser destruction of feeding blood vessels, Photodynamic therapy, Laser vaporisation, Diphencyprone, dinitrochlorobenzene, or squaric acid to cause localised allergic contact dermatitis over the wart, Microwave therapy for plantar warts.

• #2 Treatment of Nongenital Cutaneous Warts | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0801/p288.html

  Cryotherapy requires fewer applications than salicylic acid. […] Most trials comparing cryotherapy with salicylic acid found no difference in effectiveness, with overall cure rates of 50 to 70 percent after three or four treatments. […] Intralesional injections of the antigens induce a localized, cell-mediated and HPV-specific response that may target the injected wart as well as more distant warts. […] Two high-quality RCTs including 45 and 67 patients, respectively, with recalcitrant cutaneous warts reported cure rates of 56 to 75 percent with phototherapy plus aminolevulinic acid versus 23 to 42 percent with placebo phototherapy after four months. […] Although curettage or cautery is used to remove warts, no RCT has been published. Success rates are reported to be between 65 and 85 percent, but scarring and recurrence occur in up to 30 percent of patients.

• #2 Plantar warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352697

  Possible side effects of cryotherapy are pain, blisters and permanent changes in skin color (hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation), particularly in people with brown or Black skin. […] Prescription-strength wart medications with salicylic acid work by removing a wart a layer at a time. They may also boost your immune system’s ability to fight the wart. […] If salicylic acid and freezing medicine don’t work, your health care provider may suggest one or more of the following treatments: […] Your health care provider cuts away the wart or destroys it by using an electric needle (electrodesiccation and curettage). This method can be painful, so your health care provider will numb your skin first. […] Your health care provider applies cantharidin, which causes a blister under the wart. You may need to return to the clinic in about a week to have the dead wart clipped off.

• #2 Plantar Warts: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Removal

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24899-plantar-warts

  Plantar warts often go away on their own after one to two years, after your immune system fights off the virus. However, because plantar warts can spread, cause pain and make you feel self-conscious, your healthcare provider may recommend treatment. Plantar wart treatment options include: […] Cryotherapy: Your healthcare provider applies extreme cold to freeze and destroy the plantar wart. To create the severe cold, your healthcare provider will use a substance like liquid nitrogen or argon gas. […] Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps your immune system fight HPV. This process involves a topical chemical, such as diphencyprone (DCP). DCP causes a mild allergic reaction that makes the plantar wart go away. […] Laser treatment: Your healthcare provider uses laser light to heat and destroy the tiny blood vessels inside your plantar wart. The treatment cuts off the blood supply, which kills the plantar wart.

• #2 Plantar wart – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar_wart

  Electrodesiccation and surgical excision may produce scarring. […] Laser surgery is generally a last resort treatment, as it is expensive and painful, but may be necessary for large, hard-to-cure warts. […] Cauterization may be effective as a prolonged treatment. As a short-term treatment, cauterization of the base with anesthetic can be effective, but this method risks scarring or keloids. Subsequent surgical removal, if necessary, also risks keloids and/or recurrence in the operative scar.

• #2 Verruca Treatment | Forest Foot and Health

  https://www.forestfootandhealth.com/verruca-treatment

  A verruca is a very common foot complaint and is essentially a wart which develops on the foot. […] Our New Forest podiatry clinic offers effective verruca treatments to help you find relief. […] Although there is no wonder cure for healing verruca, traditional treatments generally aim to cause a breakdown in the skin to enable removal of the infected tissue. We provide a full range of verruca treatments in the New Forest, tailored to your needs. […] A new treatment of verrucas is now available which is a much cleaner, called SWIFT microwave technology. […] This promotes the release of heat proteins, which pass into the bloodstream and initiates an immune reaction. This causes your body to fight the virus and is a completely different way of tackling the verruca, from the traditional methods, discussed above, that merely cause a breakdown.

• #2 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Compared with other commonly used therapies, which can result in pain, bleeding, secondary infection and ulceration, participants receiving microwave therapy in this study required no post-treatment recovery period. […] The complete resolution rate of 83.3% is consistent with the resolution rate of 75.9% reported in a previous pilot study involving 32 patients with 54 recalcitrant plantar warts who were treated with microwave therapy. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #2 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Several methods are available for the treatment of recalcitrant warts, but their long-term value and risks are not fully understood. […] Intralesional injection of small amounts of a 0.1% solution of bleomycin in saline often cures stubborn plantar and periungual warts. […] The 9-valent HPV vaccine has been reported as useful for recalcitrant warts in children, but efficacy of this intervention is not proved.

• #2 Topical treatments for skin warts | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD001781/SKIN_topical-treatments-skin-warts

  Other treatments covered by this review include 5-fluorouracil, dinitrochlorobenzene, intralesional bleomycin, intralesional interferon, photodynamic therapy, and intralesional antigen. None of these treatments are used commonly, even by skin specialists, and there is much less evidence for their effectiveness. […] Data from two new trials comparing SA and cryotherapy have allowed a better appraisal of their effectiveness. The evidence remains more consistent for SA, but only shows a modest therapeutic effect. Overall, trials comparing cryotherapy with placebo showed no significant difference in effectiveness, but the same was also true for trials comparing cryotherapy with SA. […] None of the other reviewed treatments appeared safer or more effective than SA and cryotherapy. […] Dinitrochlorobenzene was more than twice as effective as placebo in 2 trials with 80 participants (RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.26). […] Two trials of clear duct tape with 193 participants demonstrated no advantage over placebo (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.51 to 4.05).

• #2 14 home remedies for warts and verrucas | Guides

  https://www.chemist-4-u.com/guides/skin-care/14-home-remedies-for-warts-and-verrucas/

  Home remedies for warts and verrucas can be effective for some individuals, but their success varies, along with limited scientific evidence. […] Factors like the type and severity of the wart or verruca play a role in how effective the treatments are. […] Results may take time and require patience, as well as proper hygiene and care during treatment. […] However, there’s no guarantee of success, and potential risks like skin irritation or allergic reactions should be considered, too. […] Explore these 7 wart removal home remedies. From common kitchen ingredients to age-old practices, these remedies offer alternatives to medical treatments. […] Apple cider vinegar is thought to work on warts because of its acidic nature, primarily due to a substance called acetic acid. […] The acid is believed to have a few effects on the wart: it might help break down the outer layers of the wart, act as a gentle exfoliator by removing dead skin cells, potentially affect the virus causing warts (HPV), and possibly stimulate a localised immune response.

• #2

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/verrucas

  Salicylic acid: Among the many topical treatments available, the most effective are the ones containing salicylic acid. […] Cryotherapy: A trained nurse, doctor or podiatrist can apply liquid nitrogen to the verruca in order to freeze and destroy the affected skin cells. […] Duct tape: In a 2002 research article, involving 51 patients and published in the Journal of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (USA), it was suggested that duct tape is 85 per cent effective in removing verrucas. […] Oils: Thuja oil, lemon oil and tea tree oil have also been claimed to be effective in removing verrucas. However, no research trials have been done to back these claims.

• #2 Warts Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/warts

  Nutritional and herbal support may enhance immune function and minimize recurrence of HPV, the virus that causes warts. Work with a knowledgeable physician to find the therapies or supplements that are right for you. Natural supplements may interact with a variety of medications. Always inform all of your providers about any supplements or therapies you are using. […] Topical applications may also be effective for treating warts. Stop any topical application if irritation develops in the surrounding skin. For plantar, flat, and common warts use the following applications: Banana peel patch. Cut a piece of banana peel and place it over the wart before going to bed. Tape in place. Raw garlic patch. Cover the wart and surrounding skin with a thin layer of castor oil or olive oil. Apply a thin slice of fresh garlic and tape in place.

• #2 Warts Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/warts

  Two well designed trials evaluating the use of homeopathy in the treatment of common and plantar warts found that the remedies were no more effective than placebo in reducing the number of warts. […] Even with treatment, some warts may return. Genital warts are more likely to return because there is no cure for the virus that causes them, and because warts are more difficult to control in a moist environment.

• #2 Warts and All: A Treatment Update for Verruca Vulgaris

  https://practicaldermatology.com/topics/general-topics/warts-and-all-a-treatment-update-for-verruca-vulgaris/21451/

  Cryotherapy, which entails administering cold damage to warts, usually with liquid nitrogen, has long been performed by dermatologists and primary care physicians alike. […] As with many therapies in dermatology, however, combinations are commonly used. Cryotherapy once or twice per month in the office is often paired with daily SA home therapy. […] Intralesional injection of bleomycin has been shown in several studies to be more effective than cryotherapy. […] The evidence for propolis—the resinous substance that honey bees collect from plants and use as a glue of sorts—is thus a strangely compelling alternative. […] Similarly, zinc has been shown to have some effect on warts, both topically and orally. […] Topical SA, cryotherapy, intralesional bleomycin, oral propolis, and topical and oral zinc represent a large and varied armamentarium for the challenges of warts in the clinical setting, with reasonable evidence to justify their use.

• #2 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  There is no evidence to suggest that cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen was more clinically effective than patient self treatment with 50% salicylic acid in clearing plantar warts. […] Since cryotherapy is substantially more expensive than treatment with salicylic acid, this makes salicylic acid the more cost effective treatment.

• #2 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-verrucas.aspx

  Verrucas or plantar warts normally go away on their own in a year or two in most people. In around half individuals the warts resolve in a year. In two thirds the warts resolve within two years. In the remaining one third however the warts may persist and may be resistant to treatment. […] Treatment for verruca is recommended in only some special cases. For the rest prevention of recurrence and spread are the only measures that are adopted. […] Treatment is recommended in: Those with suppressed immunity like after a kidney or liver transplant and those with diseases like AIDS that causes suppression of immune functions. Those in which the warts have become painful and have led to difficulty in walking and bearing weight necessitating treatment. Patients who desire therapy. […] Verrucae are curable but no single treatment can be guaranteed to be effective in every case. In addition not all verrucae need to be treated.

• #2 Warts: How To Identify, Causes, Types, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15045-warts

  Your provider uses laser light to heat and destroy tiny blood vessels inside the wart. […] Certain at-home remedies may help you get rid of warts, like covering the wart with duct tape and over-the-counter products. […] Yes, about 65% of warts go away on their own after two years. […] There’s no surefire way to prevent warts. […] If you have a wart, do the following to help keep it from spreading: […] Once you have a strain of HPV that causes warts, there’s no sure way to keep warts from returning. […] Most warts go away without any significant problems. […] If over-the-counter treatments haven’t helped to give your wart the boot, talk to your healthcare provider, especially if the wart is affecting your life. […] The good news is that there’s a variety of treatments.

• #2 Plantar warts – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352697

  Nonprescription medicines that freeze the wart include Compound W Freeze Off and Dr. Scholl’s Freeze Away. […] Using duct tape to remove warts is a harmless but unproven approach. […] If a plantar wart goes away after treatment and another wart grows, it could be because the area was exposed again to HPV.

• #2 16 Home Remedies for Warts You Can Try Today

  https://www.healthline.com/health/home-remedies-for-warts

  While conventional medical treatments are the most effective for removing warts, some popular home remedies are also available; however, most are not backed by science. […] Medical treatments include cantharidin, cryotherapy, chemical peels, and electrosurgery. […] Conventional treatments include chemical peels, surgery, freezing, and laser surgery, but these treatments can be expensive and cause skin irritation. […] If natural remedies aren’t working to rid you of warts, you may want to pursue conventional medical treatment with a doctor. […] Some of the most effective and popular medical treatments for wart removal include: Cantharidin. Your doctor may treat your wart by covering it with cantharidin, a substance that will cause a blister to form under the wart. […] Cryotherapy. Cryotherapy is the most common treatment and involves a doctor freezing off your wart, but you may need to repeat treatments.

• #2 Medinfo: Warts and verrucas

  https://www.medinfo.com/conditions/warts.html

  Very occasionally the wart or verruca does not respond to any of these treatments, and your doctor may refer you to a specialist (dermatologist) to consider stronger treatments. […] Warts on the genital areas (genital warts) need a specific type of treatment (usually a paint) and you should consult with your doctor if you have these. They can spread to sexual contacts, so unprotected sexual contact should be avoided until they have been treated.

• #3 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  What is the treatment for viral warts? Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. Indications for active treatment include: Immunosuppression, Presence of complications, Patient preference. Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. Persistence with the treatment and patience is essential! Remember HPV infects the basal cell layer of the epidermis so warts recur rapidly if the virus has not been eradicated. […] Topical treatment includes wart paints, pastes, or patches containing salicylic acid, podophyllin, or similar compounds, which work by removing the surface skin cells. Topical treatment is applied once daily to the wart. Treatment with wart paint usually makes the wart smaller and less uncomfortable; 70% of warts resolve within twelve weeks of daily applications.

• #3 Wart and verruca treatment options

  https://patient.info/news-and-features/warts-and-verrucca-treatment-options

  Warts are very common and usually harmless. Warts on the feet are called verrucas (or verrucae) and are sometimes painful. Warts and verrucas usually disappear without treatment but can remain for a long time. There are a number of different treatments that can help to get rid of them more quickly. […] There are three options for the management of warts and verrucas (warts on the soles of the feet): […] Do not treat them. If warts don’t bother you, there is no reason for active treatment. […] Use home treatment. There are a number of home treatments to try, including: […] Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy (intensive freezing) or minor surgery. […] There is no perfect treatment with no risks so it’s important to consider which treatment (if any) is best for you. The following information may help you compare and weigh up the different options.

• #3 Warts and verrucas: assessment and treatment – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/warts-and-verrucas-assessment-and-treatment

  Lesions caused by human papilloma virus often do not require treatment, but need to be assessed to rule out more serious conditions. […] Most warts will resolve spontaneously within two years, although some cases can take five to ten years to resolve. Treatment should be considered when the wart is uncomfortable, function is impaired or if the warts affect appearance (e.g. warts on the face). […] Most warts and verrucae can be treated in primary care. In some cases, referral to a hospital specialist may be necessary (e.g. if persistent warts show a poor response to treatment), however local policies may restrict treatment to symptomatic warts only. […] Treatment options include salicylic acid, often in combination with lactic acid, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and cryotherapy. […] Topical salicylic acid (15–50% w/w), applied to the wart daily for 12 weeks, is the treatment of choice for adults and older children.

• #3 Treatment of Nongenital Cutaneous Warts | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0801/p288.html

  Numerous treatments for nongenital cutaneous warts are available, although no single therapy has been established as completely curative. […] Salicylic acid has the best evidence to support its effectiveness, but it is slow to work and requires frequent application for up to 12 weeks. […] Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is a favorable option for many patients, with cure rates of 50 to 70 percent after three or four treatments. […] For recalcitrant warts, Candida or mumps skin antigen can be injected into the wart every three to four weeks for up to three treatments. […] Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid has the best evidence of effectiveness compared with pulsed dye laser, intralesional bleomycin, and surgical removal using curettage or cautery. […] Salicylic acid is the treatment option with the best evidence to support its effectiveness. Combined results from five RCTs showed a 73 percent cure rate with six to 12 weeks of salicylic acid treatment, compared with a 48 percent cure rate with placebo.

• #3 Salicylic acid wart removal: Effectiveness and how to use

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324732

  Warts are small, raised bumps on the skin. They may have small dots on their surface, which are blood vessels. Salicylic acid is a common treatment in wart removal. […] Salicylic is an over-the-counter treatment option for wart removal that some may find effective. Learn more about its use here. […] Regular application of salicylic acid may help reduce wart size and appearance over time. […] Salicylic acid peels the skin away in layers, which removes the wart over time. The acid also irritates the wart area, encouraging the immune system to respond to the virus. […] Salicylic acid treatments come in many forms, including gels, liquids, and plasters/pads. […] People should stop using the product if it causes pain, bleeding, or blisters. If this happens, see a doctor for advice and alternative treatment options.

• #3 Nongenital Warts Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-treatment

  Liquid nitrogen (-196C) is the most effective method of cryosurgery. Apply liquid nitrogen using a cotton bud applicator or cryospray to the recommended 1-2 mm rim of normal skin tissue around the wart. Repeat every 1-4 weeks for approximately 3 months, as needed. Cure rates of 50-80% have been reported. […] Although electrodesiccation and curettage may be more effective than cryosurgery, it is painful, more likely to scar, and HPV can be isolated from the plume. Avoid using surgical excision in most circumstances because of the risks of scarring and recurrence.

• #3 Verruca Treatment | Forest Foot and Health

  https://www.forestfootandhealth.com/verruca-treatment

  Swift provides our team with a new and highly precise way of treating verrucae / wart soft tissue lesions on feet and hands. […] Swift microwave treatment causes water molecules in the verruca cells to become agitated and this activates the release of harmless heat shock proteins into the body. […] Treatments are carried out at monthly intervals – for 3 months and then we carry out a Free of Charge Review 3 months after the last treatment. […] This patient had 3 treatments, one month apart and the lesions fully resolved 9 months after the final Swift treatment. […] We are constantly reviewing our figures for patient data at the clinic and current resolution for Swift at The Forest Foot and Health clinic is 86% this is above national average which stands at 77%. […] This painless treatment comprises of a topical solution that is based on a Nitric Zinc complex and is applied to the skin using a fine capillary tube following preparation of the area(s) to be treated.

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