Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pathology Outlines – Warts (verrucae)

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skinnontumorwarts.html

  Epidemiology […] – 7 – 12% of population, children more than adults (Ann Fam Med 2013;11:437) […] – Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (STI) […] – Most common STI in U.S.; affects ~40% of sexually active individuals (Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013;27:765)

• #2 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #3 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart.

• #4 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #5 10 wart and verruca facts – Health Service Navigator

  https://www.myhsn.co.uk/top-tip/10-wart-and-verruca-facts/

  Warts are common, affecting up to 20% of schoolchildren and 10% of adults. […] Verrucas affect up to 10% of the general population. […] Warts are more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.

• #6 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart.

• #7 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #8 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #9 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #10 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] Age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] Immunocompromised. […] Ethnicity: whites. […] Activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] Close contact with another sufferer. […] Time of year: commoner in winter. […] Unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #11 Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16400

  Cutaneous warts are common lesions in children caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and for most lesions spontaneously resolve within months of the initial infection, regardless of treatment. The infection is most prevalent in the second decade of life affecting over 40% of children. […] A cross-sectional study of the hands and feet of 1465 children aged between 4 and 15 from four Dutch schools showed a prevalence of 33% with most children having only one or two lesions with no gender predilection. Prevalence rates within this study demonstrated a 15% prevalence in four-year-old school children rising significantly to 44% in eleven-year-olds. […] Data on prevalence rates in older children and young adults are scarce but one study of over 15 000 Chinese college students suggested a prevalence of around 1.4%.

• #12 Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16400

  Cutaneous warts are common lesions in children caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and for most lesions spontaneously resolve within months of the initial infection, regardless of treatment. The infection is most prevalent in the second decade of life affecting over 40% of children. […] A cross-sectional study of the hands and feet of 1465 children aged between 4 and 15 from four Dutch schools showed a prevalence of 33% with most children having only one or two lesions with no gender predilection. Prevalence rates within this study demonstrated a 15% prevalence in four-year-old school children rising significantly to 44% in eleven-year-olds. […] Data on prevalence rates in older children and young adults are scarce but one study of over 15 000 Chinese college students suggested a prevalence of around 1.4%.

• #13 Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16400

  Cutaneous warts are common lesions in children caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and for most lesions spontaneously resolve within months of the initial infection, regardless of treatment. The infection is most prevalent in the second decade of life affecting over 40% of children. […] A cross-sectional study of the hands and feet of 1465 children aged between 4 and 15 from four Dutch schools showed a prevalence of 33% with most children having only one or two lesions with no gender predilection. Prevalence rates within this study demonstrated a 15% prevalence in four-year-old school children rising significantly to 44% in eleven-year-olds. […] Data on prevalence rates in older children and young adults are scarce but one study of over 15 000 Chinese college students suggested a prevalence of around 1.4%.

• #14 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). The prevalence tended to be negatively associated with maternal and paternal education levels (p for trend test=0.070 and 0.014, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male gender was associated with an increased risk of warts (aOR=2.06; 95% CI, 1.552.74). The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts.

• #15 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart.

• #16 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #17 Nongenital Warts: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1133317-overview

  Warts are widespread in the worldwide population. Although the frequency is unknown, warts are estimated to affect approximately 7-12% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is 10-20%. An increased frequency also is seen among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Although warts may affect any race, common warts appear approximately twice as frequently in whites as in blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent among American Indians and Inuit. […] Male-to-female ratio approaches 1:1. […] Warts can occur at any age. They are unusual in infancy and early childhood, increase in incidence among school-aged children, and peak at 12-16 years.

• #18 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #19 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooo7IUcikZfpN-MUzGStNszeC6PqpinGkPujsnN0MktgV4saIaA

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #20 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #21 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). The prevalence tended to be negatively associated with maternal and paternal education levels (p for trend test=0.070 and 0.014, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male gender was associated with an increased risk of warts (aOR=2.06; 95% CI, 1.552.74). The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts.

• #22 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). The prevalence tended to be negatively associated with maternal and paternal education levels (p for trend test=0.070 and 0.014, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male gender was associated with an increased risk of warts (aOR=2.06; 95% CI, 1.552.74). The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts.

• #23 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14% in the general population. […] Risk factors center about increased exposure to HPV, increased risk of epidermal barrier penetration, and inappropriate immune responses. […] It is estimated that 40% of the population is infected with HPV, and in 7% to 12%, a wart develops. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart.

• #24 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooo7IUcikZfpN-MUzGStNszeC6PqpinGkPujsnN0MktgV4saIaA

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #25 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #26

  https://step2.medbullets.com/dermatology/120054/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] children and young adults […] Risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] Often spontaneously resolves in children […] Often require several sessions of treatment in adults

• #27

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  demographics […] children and young adults […] risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] transmitted through contact with infected skin of mucous membranes […] warts contain high viral load […] virus invades epidermal basal layer through microabrasions and are confined to epidermis […] incubation period is 2-6 months

• #28 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #29 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooo7IUcikZfpN-MUzGStNszeC6PqpinGkPujsnN0MktgV4saIaA

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #30 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] Age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] Immunocompromised. […] Ethnicity: whites. […] Activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] Close contact with another sufferer. […] Time of year: commoner in winter. […] Unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #31 Verrucae (Plantar Warts and Myrmecia Verrucae) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/verrucae

  Warts are very common and thought to affect 7-12% of the population. No large studies are available; however, small studies suggest up to 30% of children and young adults may have warts. There are no high-quality epidemiological studies on prevalence of verrucae specifically. […] Verrucae are more common in young people regularly using swimming pools and communal washing/changing areas.

• #32

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  demographics […] children and young adults […] risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] transmitted through contact with infected skin of mucous membranes […] warts contain high viral load […] virus invades epidermal basal layer through microabrasions and are confined to epidermis […] incubation period is 2-6 months

• #33 Plantar wart | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/plantar-wart?lang=us

  Plantar warts, also known as plantar verruca or verruca plantaris, refer to superficially based benign epithelial lesions occurring in the dermal/subdermal layers of the skin. […] There are many known risk factors for developing plantar warts including sex: more common in female children and men. […] Age: children 5 years and adolescents, peak incidence: 12-16 years. […] Immunocompromised. […] Ethnicity: whites. […] Activities: walking barefoot, especially in communal showers, locker areas and swimming pools, and sports in which bare feet training is common e.g. gymnastics. […] Close contact with another sufferer. […] Time of year: commoner in winter. […] Unsatisfactory personal hygiene. […] Plantar warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.

• #34 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts or verrucae plantaris are skin lesions that develop on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. […] Most people are asymptomatic carriers of HPV, however, 2% of the general population will seek medical care for warts annually due to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. Plantar warts demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 14%. The majority of cases occur in children and adolescents. However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts. […] HPV can survive for months to years on surfaces. Infection often requires direct contact with the viral particles. […] As the virus tends to thrive in warm and moist environments, places like shower floors, locker rooms and public swimming areas are ideal places for transmission.

• #35 Wart – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431047/

  Warts are a common medical problem, especially in Whites. […] Warts are common worldwide and affect approximately 10% of the population. In school-aged children, the prevalence is as high as 10% to 20%. They are more common among immunosuppressed patients and meat handlers. […] Warts can occur at any age. Although rare in infancy and early childhood, prevalence increases among school-aged children and peaks at 12 to 16 years. […] Warts are twice as common in Whites as in Blacks or Asians. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck disease) is more prevalent in Inuit and American Indians.

• #36 10 wart and verruca facts – Health Service Navigator

  https://www.myhsn.co.uk/top-tip/10-wart-and-verruca-facts/

  Warts are common, affecting up to 20% of schoolchildren and 10% of adults. […] Verrucas affect up to 10% of the general population. […] Warts are more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.

• #37 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #38 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Warts are common, benign, epidermal lesions caused by human papillomavirus infection. They can appear anywhere on the body in a variety of morphologies. Diagnosis is by examination. Warts are usually self limited but may be treated by destructive methods (eg, excision, cautery, cryotherapy, liquid nitrogen) and topical or injected agents. […] Warts are almost universal in the population; they affect patients of all ages but are most common among children and are uncommon among older adults. […] Local and systemic immune factors also appear to influence spread; immunosuppressed patients (especially those with suppressed cellular immunity, [eg, HIV infection or a kidney transplant or those with a history of tumor-suppressive immunotherapy]) are at particular risk of developing generalized lesions that are difficult to treat.

• #39 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #40 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #41

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  demographics […] children and young adults […] risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] transmitted through contact with infected skin of mucous membranes […] warts contain high viral load […] virus invades epidermal basal layer through microabrasions and are confined to epidermis […] incubation period is 2-6 months

• #42 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Skin warts are benign tumours caused by infection of keratinocytes with HPV, visible as well-defined hyperkeratotic protrusions. […] Over 200 distinct subtypes of HPV Association exists between HPV type and clinical disease caused. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include: atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (e.g. acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Non genital warts transmitted through direct skin to skin contact and autoinoculation (pseudo Koebners phenomenon). […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months (2-6 months usually). […] Frequent in children and young adults. […] Anogenital warts Sexual transmission both heterosexual and homosexual. […] More common in adolescents and adults.

• #43 Paediatric Cutaneous Warts and Verrucae: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/24/16400

  The presence of verrucae in a group of children with rheumatological disease showed a prevalence no higher than the prevalence in healthy children, even though most were known to be taking immune modifying medication. Lesions in these patients were no more numerous or atypical compared to other children.

• #44 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #45

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  demographics […] children and young adults […] risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] transmitted through contact with infected skin of mucous membranes […] warts contain high viral load […] virus invades epidermal basal layer through microabrasions and are confined to epidermis […] incubation period is 2-6 months

• #46

  https://step2.medbullets.com/dermatology/120054/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] children and young adults […] Risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] Often spontaneously resolves in children […] Often require several sessions of treatment in adults

• #47 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #48 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #49 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #50 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #51 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #52 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #53 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en

  Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #54 Plantar Warts: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management

  https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOooo7IUcikZfpN-MUzGStNszeC6PqpinGkPujsnN0MktgV4saIaA

  Verrucae plantaris (plantar warts) are common cutaneous lesions of the plantar aspect of the foot that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). […] Plantar warts exhibit an annual incidence of 14%. […] Plantar wart incidence varies with age, sex, race, and health status. […] It is estimated that only 0.84% of the United States population have plantar warts, whereas 12.9% of the Russian population has been shown to have plantar warts. […] Two percent of the adult population and 6% of the pediatric population seek care for a plantar wart annually. […] Two of the most significant risk factors for developing plantar warts are (1) having a preexistent wart and (2) having close contact with someone who has a preexistent wart. […] Plantar warts have a very high viral load, which increases the rate of viral shedding and the likelihood of contaminating adjacent body surfaces, inanimate communal surfaces, or close contacts. […] Athletes have been observed to have higher rates of warts, including plantar warts, compared with the general population. […] Immunocompromised patients have higher rates of plantar warts, along with increased severity and duration of the lesions.

• #55 Swimming Pools and Plantar Warts – Foot and Ankle Specialists of the Mid-Atlantic

  https://footandankle-usa.com/swimming-pools-and-plantar-warts/

  Plantar warts or verrucae plantaris are skin lesions that develop on the plantar (bottom) aspect of the foot. […] Most people are asymptomatic carriers of HPV, however, 2% of the general population will seek medical care for warts annually due to pain, embarrassment, and, in rare cases, cancer. Plantar warts demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 14%. The majority of cases occur in children and adolescents. However, other populations, such as immunocompromised patients, are at increased risk for acquiring plantar warts. […] HPV can survive for months to years on surfaces. Infection often requires direct contact with the viral particles. […] As the virus tends to thrive in warm and moist environments, places like shower floors, locker rooms and public swimming areas are ideal places for transmission.

• #56 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #57

  https://step1.medbullets.com/dermatology/112092/cutaneous-warts-verrucae

  demographics […] children and young adults […] risk factors […] atopic dermatitis […] immunosuppression […] walking barefoot in communal swimming areas […] occupations […] handlers of meat and fish […] […] […] HPVs […] over 150 subtypes […] […] […] transmitted through contact with infected skin of mucous membranes […] warts contain high viral load […] virus invades epidermal basal layer through microabrasions and are confined to epidermis […] incubation period is 2-6 months

• #58 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Warts are particularly common in: […] People with drug-induced immunosuppression such as with long-term azathioprine or ciclosporin use, or have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. […] Warts are due to infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a double-stranded DNA virus. […] The most common HPV types infecting the skin are types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 27, 29, and 57. […] HPV is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or autoinoculation; if a wart is scratched or picked, a wart may develop under the fingernail (subungual wart) or virus may be spread to another area of skin. […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months, depending on the amount of virus inoculated. […] Viral warts are infectious to the patient and others. […] In epidermodysplasia verruciformis the specific HPV types involved can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.

• #59 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Skin warts are benign tumours caused by infection of keratinocytes with HPV, visible as well-defined hyperkeratotic protrusions. […] Over 200 distinct subtypes of HPV Association exists between HPV type and clinical disease caused. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include: atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (e.g. acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Non genital warts transmitted through direct skin to skin contact and autoinoculation (pseudo Koebners phenomenon). […] The incubation period can be as long as twelve months (2-6 months usually). […] Frequent in children and young adults. […] Anogenital warts Sexual transmission both heterosexual and homosexual. […] More common in adolescents and adults.

• #60 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #61 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Vertical transmission during vaginal delivery, mother with anogenital warts can transmit infection to new born. […] Anogenital Warts: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmitted both hetero and hemosexually and vertically during vaginal delivery. […] Diagnosis usually clinical (rough, dry stippled surface). […] Presence of HPV DNA and specific HPV types can be determined on smears and lesional biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization. […] Prognosis: In healthy individuals, most warts resolve spontaneously (30% in 6 months and 60% in 1 year). […] Recurrence is common. […] In immunocompromised individuals, warts are persistent, extensive and may have an oncogenic potential. […] Some HPV (16,18) frequently associated with anogenital squamous atypia, less frequently with invasive carcinoma. […] Oncogenic potential enhanced in presence of HIV induced immune suppression.

• #62 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  Of the 15,384 students, 215 were diagnosed with cutaneous warts, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI, 1.21.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in male than in female students (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P0.0001) and in students from rural than those from urban areas (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P=0.03). The prevalence tended to be negatively associated with maternal and paternal education levels (p for trend test=0.070 and 0.014, respectively). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, male gender was associated with an increased risk of warts (aOR=2.06; 95% CI, 1.552.74). The majority of patients had only one wart on the hand or foot and the majority of warts were 1cm in diameter. Slightly over half of patients experienced spontaneous resolution of warts within two years after the initial survey. Patients age, sleep quality, and paternal education level were shown to be independently associated with the resolution of warts.

• #63 Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Cutaneous Warts in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-33511-x

  In this study, we found that 1.4% of college students were affected with warts on their hands and/or feet. The spontaneous resolution rate of warts within 1 and 2 years was reported to be 50% and 67% in children, respectively. By contrast, less than one-third and slightly over half of our patients recovered spontaneously within 1 and 2 years after the initial survey, respectively, suggesting a lower likelihood of spontaneous resolution of warts in young adults compared to children.

• #64 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #65 Cutaneous warts (common, plantar, and flat warts) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cutaneous-warts-common-plantar-and-flat-warts

  Cutaneous warts occur most commonly in children and young adults and are more common among certain occupations, such as handlers of meat, poultry, and fish. […] Predisposing conditions for extensive or recalcitrant involvement include atopic dermatitis and conditions associated with decreased cell-mediated immunity (eg, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], organ transplantation). […] Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) occurs by direct skin contact, with maceration or sites of trauma predisposing patients to inoculation. […] The reservoir for HPV appears to be individuals with clinical or subclinical infection. […] The incubation period is approximately two to six months. […] Spontaneous remission of warts occurs in two-thirds of children within two years; spontaneous resolution in adults tends to be slower and may take up to several years or longer. […] Warts in patients with intact cellular immunity are the most likely to regress without therapy. […] Recurrence is common.

• #66 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Vertical transmission during vaginal delivery, mother with anogenital warts can transmit infection to new born. […] Anogenital Warts: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmitted both hetero and hemosexually and vertically during vaginal delivery. […] Diagnosis usually clinical (rough, dry stippled surface). […] Presence of HPV DNA and specific HPV types can be determined on smears and lesional biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization. […] Prognosis: In healthy individuals, most warts resolve spontaneously (30% in 6 months and 60% in 1 year). […] Recurrence is common. […] In immunocompromised individuals, warts are persistent, extensive and may have an oncogenic potential. […] Some HPV (16,18) frequently associated with anogenital squamous atypia, less frequently with invasive carcinoma. […] Oncogenic potential enhanced in presence of HIV induced immune suppression.

• #67 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Vertical transmission during vaginal delivery, mother with anogenital warts can transmit infection to new born. […] Anogenital Warts: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmitted both hetero and hemosexually and vertically during vaginal delivery. […] Diagnosis usually clinical (rough, dry stippled surface). […] Presence of HPV DNA and specific HPV types can be determined on smears and lesional biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization. […] Prognosis: In healthy individuals, most warts resolve spontaneously (30% in 6 months and 60% in 1 year). […] Recurrence is common. […] In immunocompromised individuals, warts are persistent, extensive and may have an oncogenic potential. […] Some HPV (16,18) frequently associated with anogenital squamous atypia, less frequently with invasive carcinoma. […] Oncogenic potential enhanced in presence of HIV induced immune suppression.

• #68 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Diagnosis of warts is based on clinical appearance; biopsy is rarely needed. […] Many warts regress spontaneously (particularly common warts); others may persist for years and recur at the same or different sites, even with treatment. Factors influencing recurrence appear to be related to the patients overall immune status as well as local factors. […] HPV vaccines protect against some of the types of HPV that cause warts and cancer.

• #69 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Vertical transmission during vaginal delivery, mother with anogenital warts can transmit infection to new born. […] Anogenital Warts: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmitted both hetero and hemosexually and vertically during vaginal delivery. […] Diagnosis usually clinical (rough, dry stippled surface). […] Presence of HPV DNA and specific HPV types can be determined on smears and lesional biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization. […] Prognosis: In healthy individuals, most warts resolve spontaneously (30% in 6 months and 60% in 1 year). […] Recurrence is common. […] In immunocompromised individuals, warts are persistent, extensive and may have an oncogenic potential. […] Some HPV (16,18) frequently associated with anogenital squamous atypia, less frequently with invasive carcinoma. […] Oncogenic potential enhanced in presence of HIV induced immune suppression.

• #70 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cutaneous viral warts are usually diagnosed clinically. […] Dermoscopy assists visualisation of the papillary capillaries of a viral wart, and can distinguish other verrucous lesions such as a seborrhoeic keratosis. […] Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. […] Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. […] No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients.

• #71 Warts (Verruca) by Dr. Aryan | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/warts-verruca-by-dr-aryan-238512882/238512882

  Vertical transmission during vaginal delivery, mother with anogenital warts can transmit infection to new born. […] Anogenital Warts: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmitted both hetero and hemosexually and vertically during vaginal delivery. […] Diagnosis usually clinical (rough, dry stippled surface). […] Presence of HPV DNA and specific HPV types can be determined on smears and lesional biopsy specimens by in situ hybridization. […] Prognosis: In healthy individuals, most warts resolve spontaneously (30% in 6 months and 60% in 1 year). […] Recurrence is common. […] In immunocompromised individuals, warts are persistent, extensive and may have an oncogenic potential. […] Some HPV (16,18) frequently associated with anogenital squamous atypia, less frequently with invasive carcinoma. […] Oncogenic potential enhanced in presence of HIV induced immune suppression.

• #72 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #73 Warts – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/viral-skin-diseases/warts

  Diagnosis of warts is based on clinical appearance; biopsy is rarely needed. […] Many warts regress spontaneously (particularly common warts); others may persist for years and recur at the same or different sites, even with treatment. Factors influencing recurrence appear to be related to the patients overall immune status as well as local factors. […] HPV vaccines protect against some of the types of HPV that cause warts and cancer.

• #74 HPV: the whole story, warts and allfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2014/09/16/hpv-the-whole-story-warts-and-all/

  Most of us will be infected with human papillomavirus at some point in our lives. There are more than 100 different types of the virus, most of which cause no symptoms and go away by themselves without treatment. Other types cause harmless growths such as verrucas and warts. […] Together, these add up to more than 5,000 new cases of cancer every year in the UK. […] In 1995 the International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer group was set up to look at the bigger picture. Using samples from 22 countries, they found HPV in more than nine out of every ten cervical cancer samples (93 per cent), and this figure was consistent across the globe. […] But because these cancers are caused by a virus, this brings hope for prevention – through vaccination. […] HPV vaccines are now being rolled out across the world. Although it’s too early to show that vaccination has cut cancer rates, promising early results from Scotland, Australia and Denmark show that fewer vaccinated women have abnormal cervical cells (which can turn into cancer) detected during cervical screening compared to unvaccinated women. […] Thanks to the NHS Screening Programme, thousands fewer women in the UK every year are losing their lives to cervical cancer – something that urgently needs to be addressed in lower and middle income countries.

• #75 HPV: the whole story, warts and allfacebook icontwitter iconlinkedin iconfacebook icontwitter iconinstagram iconlinkedin iconyoutube iconfundraising regulator icon

  https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2014/09/16/hpv-the-whole-story-warts-and-all/

  Most of us will be infected with human papillomavirus at some point in our lives. There are more than 100 different types of the virus, most of which cause no symptoms and go away by themselves without treatment. Other types cause harmless growths such as verrucas and warts. […] Together, these add up to more than 5,000 new cases of cancer every year in the UK. […] In 1995 the International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer group was set up to look at the bigger picture. Using samples from 22 countries, they found HPV in more than nine out of every ten cervical cancer samples (93 per cent), and this figure was consistent across the globe. […] But because these cancers are caused by a virus, this brings hope for prevention – through vaccination. […] HPV vaccines are now being rolled out across the world. Although it’s too early to show that vaccination has cut cancer rates, promising early results from Scotland, Australia and Denmark show that fewer vaccinated women have abnormal cervical cells (which can turn into cancer) detected during cervical screening compared to unvaccinated women. […] Thanks to the NHS Screening Programme, thousands fewer women in the UK every year are losing their lives to cervical cancer – something that urgently needs to be addressed in lower and middle income countries.

• #76 Cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of plantar warts (verrucae): a randomised controlled trial | The BMJ

  https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d3271

  Verrucae (or plantar warts) are extremely common, being experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Studies that have examined the prevalence of warts or verrucae have produced a wide range of estimates from 0.84% in the US, 3.3% to 4.7% in the UK, and up to 24% in 16-18 year olds in Australia. […] Almost two million people in England and Wales see their general practitioner for the treatment of cutaneous warts each year, at an annual cost of at least 40m. […] A Cochrane systematic review assessed the effects of different local treatments of cutaneous, non-genital warts and highlighted considerable uncertainty around the optimal treatment. […] The Cochrane systematic review further highlighted the lack of good quality evidence on which to inform clinical decision making.

• #77 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #78 Treatment of Warts in Pediatrics: A Review

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-132.php?jid=jfmdp

  The goal of this paper is to review the different treatments that are beneficial and safe to use for warts in the pediatric population. We will break down the adverse effects, benefits, and efficacy of each of the options. […] Salicylic acid is the only approved treatment by the FDA and is therefore the standardized first line treatment for warts. For pediatric patients, topical alternatives are generally better tolerated and there for favored over injected treatments due to decreased pain. The efficacy and safety of many treatments discussed have not been thoroughly established and require larger randomized trials to determine statistically significant results.

• #79 Treatment of Warts in Pediatrics: A Review

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jfmdp/journal-of-family-medicine-and-disease-prevention-jfmdp-6-132.php?jid=jfmdp

  The goal of this paper is to review the different treatments that are beneficial and safe to use for warts in the pediatric population. We will break down the adverse effects, benefits, and efficacy of each of the options. […] Salicylic acid is the only approved treatment by the FDA and is therefore the standardized first line treatment for warts. For pediatric patients, topical alternatives are generally better tolerated and there for favored over injected treatments due to decreased pain. The efficacy and safety of many treatments discussed have not been thoroughly established and require larger randomized trials to determine statistically significant results.

• #80 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cutaneous viral warts are usually diagnosed clinically. […] Dermoscopy assists visualisation of the papillary capillaries of a viral wart, and can distinguish other verrucous lesions such as a seborrhoeic keratosis. […] Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. […] Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. […] No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients.

• #81 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cutaneous viral warts are usually diagnosed clinically. […] Dermoscopy assists visualisation of the papillary capillaries of a viral wart, and can distinguish other verrucous lesions such as a seborrhoeic keratosis. […] Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. […] Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. […] No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients.

• #82 Warts, verrucas, human papillomavirus infection

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/viral-wart

  Cutaneous viral warts are usually diagnosed clinically. […] Dermoscopy assists visualisation of the papillary capillaries of a viral wart, and can distinguish other verrucous lesions such as a seborrhoeic keratosis. […] Treatment may not be required in all cases as most warts resolve spontaneously especially in children. […] Treatments do not kill the virus, but work by removing virus-containing skin. […] No treatment is universally effective at eradicating viral warts. […] Viral warts are more persistent in adults, but they clear up eventually. […] They are likely to recur in patients that are immunosuppressed, for example, organ transplant recipients.

• #83 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

• #84 Microwave therapy for the treatment of plantar warts | Journal of Foot and Ankle Research | Full Text

  https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-023-00638-8

  Plantar warts, or verrucae plantaris, result from infection of epithelial keratinocytes by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Approximately 40% of the population is infected with HPV with a 14% annual incidence of plantar warts. The highest occurrence is seen in children and adolescents. […] Few controlled studies have investigated treatment options for recalcitrant plantar warts, with many associated with adverse effects. […] The analysis has also shown that lesion resolution is associated with a younger age which is consistent with existing research where both natural resolution and therapeutic cure rates for plantar warts across a number of different therapies are higher in younger populations. […] In conclusion, this retrospective study of 45 participants has shown that plantar warts may be resolved with two to three sessions of microwave therapy, which may be more successful in younger populations.

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