Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Exposure to lead can affect multiple body systems and is particularly harmful to young children and women of child-bearing age. […] Lead exposure was attributed to more than 1.5 million deaths globally in 2021, primarily due to cardiovascular effects. […] Young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning as they may absorb up to 45 times as much lead as adults from an ingested dose. […] Exposure to lead-contaminated soil and dust resulting from battery recycling and mining has caused outbreaks of mass lead poisoning, including deaths in young children, in some countries. […] Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. […] Lead exposure causes a significant burden of disease. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates that more than 1.5 million deaths globally were attributed to lead exposure in 2021, primarily due to cardiovascular effects. […] WHO identifies lead as one of 10 chemicals of major public health concern requiring action by Member States to protect the health of workers, children and women of reproductive age.

• #2 Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lead_poisoning_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics On the Web […] The incidence of lead poisoning is approximately one in 38 U.S. children in the United States. […] The prevalence of lead poisoning in children, according to the CDC, in the United States is estimated to be approximately half million children ages 1-5 with blood lead levels above 5 micrograms per deciliter (g/dL). […] The case-fatality rate of lead poisoning is approximately 400,000 U.S. deaths per year. […] The incidence of lead poisoning is higher in children; the median age at diagnosis is 1-5 years. […] Lead-contaminated household dust is the major source of lead exposure to children in the U.S. […] Although children are at greater risk from lead exposure, adult exposures can also result in harmful health effects. […] There is no racial predilection to lead poisoning.

• #3 Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention – Vital Strategies

  https://www.vitalstrategies.org/programs/childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention/

  Despite clear evidence of harm, many countries do not monitor lead exposure, and only 43% of countries have limits on lead in paint that are legally binding. […] 1 in 3 of the world’s children have elevated blood levels at or above WHO health-based guidelines. […] Vital has supported governments and organizations to initiate surveillance systems that help characterize the lead poisoning problem and inform policy actions, bringing strong expertise in environmental health surveillance to well-established government and technical partnerships. […] In Peru, Vital partnered with the Ministry of Health of Peru and its National Center for Disease Control and Prevention to design and launch the first national surveillance, which tested blood lead levels in over 1,000 children. […] Surveillance efforts are being expanded to Colombia, Indonesia, and other Indian states (e.g., Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra).

• #4 Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990–2019 | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15874-7

  Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease prevention. […] From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs resulting from lead exposure increased by 70.19% and 35.26%, respectively; however, the ASMR and ASDR decreased by 20.66% and 29.23%, respectively. […] High PAFs occurred mainly in South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. […] Our findings showed that the global impact of lead exposure and its burden increased from 1990 to 2019 and varied significantly according to age, sex, region, and resulting disease. Effective public health measures and policies should be adopted to prevent and control lead exposure. […] Strong epidemiological evidence, such as a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the disease burden attributable to lead exposure, would aid the development of effective prevention strategies that reduce the hazards of lead exposure.

• #5 Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990–2019 | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15874-7

  Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease prevention. […] From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs resulting from lead exposure increased by 70.19% and 35.26%, respectively; however, the ASMR and ASDR decreased by 20.66% and 29.23%, respectively. […] High PAFs occurred mainly in South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. […] Our findings showed that the global impact of lead exposure and its burden increased from 1990 to 2019 and varied significantly according to age, sex, region, and resulting disease. Effective public health measures and policies should be adopted to prevent and control lead exposure. […] Strong epidemiological evidence, such as a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the disease burden attributable to lead exposure, would aid the development of effective prevention strategies that reduce the hazards of lead exposure.

• #6

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Exposure to lead can affect multiple body systems and is particularly harmful to young children and women of child-bearing age. […] Lead exposure was attributed to more than 1.5 million deaths globally in 2021, primarily due to cardiovascular effects. […] Young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning as they may absorb up to 45 times as much lead as adults from an ingested dose. […] Exposure to lead-contaminated soil and dust resulting from battery recycling and mining has caused outbreaks of mass lead poisoning, including deaths in young children, in some countries. […] Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. […] Lead exposure causes a significant burden of disease. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates that more than 1.5 million deaths globally were attributed to lead exposure in 2021, primarily due to cardiovascular effects. […] WHO identifies lead as one of 10 chemicals of major public health concern requiring action by Member States to protect the health of workers, children and women of reproductive age.

• #7 Lead Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1009587-overview

  Children are more likely than adults to have elevated blood lead levels (BLLs). More hand-to-mouth behavior and better gastrointestinal absorption of lead are some factors contributing to higher BLLs in children. In fact, lead poisoning is said to be the most common environmental illness of children in the United States. The incidence varies with age, socioeconomic status, the population of a given community, race, and the age of the home. […] Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) is a program that works with states to accurately measure trends in work-related adult BLLs, to better target interventions and prevent lead exposures. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in 2015 designated 5 g/dl of whole blood, in a venous blood sample, as the reference BLL for adults. A BLL 5 g/dL is considered abnormal.

• #8 Lead Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1009587-overview

  Children younger than 3 years are at the greatest risk for lead poisoning. […] Adults are now believed to be affected at a lower level of exposure than was once assumed. […] Because of occupational exposures, men have higher lead levels than women. No sex difference in incidence is reported in children. […] Although no compelling evidence exists that any particular race is biologically predisposed to lead toxicity, covariant conditions such as poor nutrition and lower socioeconomic status clearly are associated with chronic lead poisoning. […] Overall, black non-Hispanic children appear to have the greatest risk of developing lead poisoning.

• #9

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2023

  Case notification to UKHSA is voluntary but encouraged for case management and surveillance purposes. […] The majority of cases in 2022 were male (68%), similar to the 2015 to 2021 proportion (63%). […] Seventy-two per cent of cases in 2022 lived in areas in the 2 most deprived quintiles of IMD, similar to the previous 6-year average (71%). Just over 50% of 2022 cases lived in the most deprived areas (Q5). […] The median blood lead concentration (BLC) in 2022 was 0.37 mol/L (7.6 g/dL), much lower than the 2015 to 2020 median of 0.61 mol/L (12.6 g/dL). […] The findings of this audit will be presented to stakeholders and summary findings will be included in the next annual report.

• #10

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  The higher proportion of cases in 2023 were male (n=148, 65%), similar to previous years. […] The highest case detection rate was in children aged 1 to 4 years old, for both males and females. […] Sixty-six per cent of cases (n=148) in 2023 lived in areas in the two most deprived quintiles of IMD, similar to the previous 8-year average (70%). […] The mean blood lead concentration (BLC) for 2023 was 0.55 mol/L (11.3 g/dL), similar to 2022 with 0.61 mol/L (12.6 g/dL). […] The median duration of the investigation in 2023 was 11 weeks, higher than 2022 (7 weeks), and higher than the median for 2015 to 2022 (10 weeks). […] Historical data has shown deaths from lead exposure in children to be very infrequent in England. […] A significant public health incident that occurred in 2022, managed by West Midlands HPT, is summarised below.

• #11 Lead Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1009587-overview

  Children younger than 3 years are at the greatest risk for lead poisoning. […] Adults are now believed to be affected at a lower level of exposure than was once assumed. […] Because of occupational exposures, men have higher lead levels than women. No sex difference in incidence is reported in children. […] Although no compelling evidence exists that any particular race is biologically predisposed to lead toxicity, covariant conditions such as poor nutrition and lower socioeconomic status clearly are associated with chronic lead poisoning. […] Overall, black non-Hispanic children appear to have the greatest risk of developing lead poisoning.

• #12 Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lead_poisoning_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Lead poisoning usually affects many people through household products, workplace, and lead paint, studies show that people of color and recent immigrants are at a much greater risk for high levels of exposure than whites. […] Lead poisoning affects men and women equally. […] The majority of lead poisoning cases are reported in the developing countries. […] According to the CDC and WHO in the United States, the phasing-out of leaded petrol between 1976 and 1995 was associated with a more than 90% reduction in mean blood lead concentration. […] According to the CDC and WHO by the late 2010, almost all countries have phased out leaded petrol, leaving 9 countries with leaded petrol.

• #13

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2023

  Case notification to UKHSA is voluntary but encouraged for case management and surveillance purposes. […] The majority of cases in 2022 were male (68%), similar to the 2015 to 2021 proportion (63%). […] Seventy-two per cent of cases in 2022 lived in areas in the 2 most deprived quintiles of IMD, similar to the previous 6-year average (71%). Just over 50% of 2022 cases lived in the most deprived areas (Q5). […] The median blood lead concentration (BLC) in 2022 was 0.37 mol/L (7.6 g/dL), much lower than the 2015 to 2020 median of 0.61 mol/L (12.6 g/dL). […] The findings of this audit will be presented to stakeholders and summary findings will be included in the next annual report.

• #14

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  The higher proportion of cases in 2023 were male (n=148, 65%), similar to previous years. […] The highest case detection rate was in children aged 1 to 4 years old, for both males and females. […] Sixty-six per cent of cases (n=148) in 2023 lived in areas in the two most deprived quintiles of IMD, similar to the previous 8-year average (70%). […] The mean blood lead concentration (BLC) for 2023 was 0.55 mol/L (11.3 g/dL), similar to 2022 with 0.61 mol/L (12.6 g/dL). […] The median duration of the investigation in 2023 was 11 weeks, higher than 2022 (7 weeks), and higher than the median for 2015 to 2022 (10 weeks). […] Historical data has shown deaths from lead exposure in children to be very infrequent in England. […] A significant public health incident that occurred in 2022, managed by West Midlands HPT, is summarised below.

• #15 Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lead_poisoning_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Lead poisoning usually affects many people through household products, workplace, and lead paint, studies show that people of color and recent immigrants are at a much greater risk for high levels of exposure than whites. […] Lead poisoning affects men and women equally. […] The majority of lead poisoning cases are reported in the developing countries. […] According to the CDC and WHO in the United States, the phasing-out of leaded petrol between 1976 and 1995 was associated with a more than 90% reduction in mean blood lead concentration. […] According to the CDC and WHO by the late 2010, almost all countries have phased out leaded petrol, leaving 9 countries with leaded petrol.

• #16 Lead Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1009587-overview

  Data from the NHANES show that the average BLL (geometric mean) of all adults in the United States in 2009-2010 was 1.2 g/dL. Over the last 18 years, a 54% decrease in the national prevalence rates of BLL 25 g/dL has been documented using ABLES surveillance data. […] The highest numbers of workers exposed to lead with BLLs of 25 g/dL or greater included employees in the storage battery manufacturing and lead and zinc ore mining industries, according to the ABLES report. […] Lead poisoning has been reported in almost every country on earth. Blood lead levels are higher in developing countries because of continued use or later phaseout of leaded gasoline and paint. Occupational exposure in these countries is higher as well. […] Young children who are independently mobile are at greatest neurologic risk from chronic exposure to low or moderate levels of lead.

• #17 Lead-Safe Wisconsin: Childhood Lead Poisoning Data and Data Analysis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/lead/data.htm

  The Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program collects data to help lead-poisoned children. Program staff analyze the data to identify at-risk communities and other trends. […] The percent of children poisoned is calculated as the number of children poisoned divided by the number of children tested. This measure is the most accurate one to use for comparisons between geographic areas of the state. […] While no safe blood lead level in children has been identified, the CDC uses a blood lead reference value to identify children with higher levels of lead in their blood compared to other children. […] Over time, the percentage of tested children who have a blood lead level greater than or equal to 5 g/dL has declined: In 2012, 6.2% of children who were tested for lead had a blood lead level greater than or equal to 5 g/dL, compared to 3.2% in 2023. However, CDCs updated blood lead reference value of 3.5 g/dL will double the number of children who will be considered lead poisoned: In 2023, 6.3% of children who were tested for lead had a blood lead level greater than or equal to 3.5 g/dL.

• #18 Lead-Safe Wisconsin: Childhood Lead Poisoning Data and Data Analysis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/lead/data.htm

  The Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program collects data to help lead-poisoned children. Program staff analyze the data to identify at-risk communities and other trends. […] The percent of children poisoned is calculated as the number of children poisoned divided by the number of children tested. This measure is the most accurate one to use for comparisons between geographic areas of the state. […] While no safe blood lead level in children has been identified, the CDC uses a blood lead reference value to identify children with higher levels of lead in their blood compared to other children. […] Over time, the percentage of tested children who have a blood lead level greater than or equal to 5 g/dL has declined: In 2012, 6.2% of children who were tested for lead had a blood lead level greater than or equal to 5 g/dL, compared to 3.2% in 2023. However, CDCs updated blood lead reference value of 3.5 g/dL will double the number of children who will be considered lead poisoned: In 2023, 6.3% of children who were tested for lead had a blood lead level greater than or equal to 3.5 g/dL.

• #19 Data and Statistics | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/data/index.html

  CDC uses available data and generates statistics to track progress towards the elimination of childhood lead poisoning in the United States. […] CDC collaborated with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to develop a national surveillance system. This system monitors blood lead levels (BLLs) in the United States. […] In 1995, reporting of blood lead levels became the first non-infectious condition to be notifiable at the national level. This information is used to monitor individual case management and identify local program needs and high-risk areas to target preventive interventions. […] At the state or local level, the primary source of blood lead surveillance data are usually the state-based Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) and/or the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology Surveillance (ABLES) Program.

• #20 Data and Statistics | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/data/index.html

  CDC uses available data and generates statistics to track progress towards the elimination of childhood lead poisoning in the United States. […] CDC collaborated with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to develop a national surveillance system. This system monitors blood lead levels (BLLs) in the United States. […] In 1995, reporting of blood lead levels became the first non-infectious condition to be notifiable at the national level. This information is used to monitor individual case management and identify local program needs and high-risk areas to target preventive interventions. […] At the state or local level, the primary source of blood lead surveillance data are usually the state-based Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) and/or the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology Surveillance (ABLES) Program.

• #21 Data and Statistics | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/data/index.html

  CDC uses available data and generates statistics to track progress towards the elimination of childhood lead poisoning in the United States. […] CDC collaborated with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) to develop a national surveillance system. This system monitors blood lead levels (BLLs) in the United States. […] In 1995, reporting of blood lead levels became the first non-infectious condition to be notifiable at the national level. This information is used to monitor individual case management and identify local program needs and high-risk areas to target preventive interventions. […] At the state or local level, the primary source of blood lead surveillance data are usually the state-based Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (CLPPP) and/or the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology Surveillance (ABLES) Program.

• #22 Data and Statistics | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/data/index.html

  CDC supports development of the Healthy Homes and Lead Poisoning Surveillance System (HHLPSS) as a data management platform for blood lead surveillance. […] Blood lead surveillance data are a valuable resource for program management. […] CDC uses data from states to prepare the State Surveillance and National Surveillance data sets. […] The childhood BLL data on CDC’s website are not a population-based estimate. […] Programs work hard to test children most likely to have high BLLs. […] Health agencies using CDC’s supported surveillance system or other childhood lead poisoning surveillance and data collection system can identify remaining at-risk geographic areas. […] CDC analyzed NHANES data of the blood lead values among U.S. children ages 1-5 years from 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 NHANES cycles to determine the 97.5th percentile of blood lead distribution in children. […] BLLs have continued to decline in the last 30 years, even in the most high-risk areas. The overall declining in children detected with BLLs at or above the reference value is in keeping with the national population-based estimate from NHANES, which has also declined over time.

• #23 Data and Statistics | Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/data/index.html

  CDC supports development of the Healthy Homes and Lead Poisoning Surveillance System (HHLPSS) as a data management platform for blood lead surveillance. […] Blood lead surveillance data are a valuable resource for program management. […] CDC uses data from states to prepare the State Surveillance and National Surveillance data sets. […] The childhood BLL data on CDC’s website are not a population-based estimate. […] Programs work hard to test children most likely to have high BLLs. […] Health agencies using CDC’s supported surveillance system or other childhood lead poisoning surveillance and data collection system can identify remaining at-risk geographic areas. […] CDC analyzed NHANES data of the blood lead values among U.S. children ages 1-5 years from 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 NHANES cycles to determine the 97.5th percentile of blood lead distribution in children. […] BLLs have continued to decline in the last 30 years, even in the most high-risk areas. The overall declining in children detected with BLLs at or above the reference value is in keeping with the national population-based estimate from NHANES, which has also declined over time.

• #24

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  LEICSS is a national surveillance system coordinated by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). The surveillance system notifies the Health Protection Teams (HPTs) of incident cases of elevated blood lead concentration in children aged 0 to 15 years in England. Notification initiates health protection case management and public health interventions to remove exposure sources. […] Following a review of the evidence of the harm of lead exposure in children, a UKHSA task and finish group recommended the lowering of the blood lead public health intervention concentration for England. Since 5 July 2021, the case definition for surveillance changed to half the original concentration, from 0.48 mol/L (equivalent to 10g/dL) to 0.24mol/L (equivalent to 5g/dL). As expected, this led to a steep increase in the number of cases being reported to LEICSS.

• #25 Lead Poisoning Surveillance: A Collaborative Effort between Epidemiology and WIC | Knowledge Repository

  https://knowledgerepository.syndromicsurveillance.org/lead-poisoning-surveillance-collaborative-effort-between-epidemiology-and-wic

  There is no safe level of lead in the body, and elevated lead in children can lead to decreased Intelligence Quotients (IQ) and behavioral problems. […] As recent events have shown, having an elevated lead poisoning surveillance system can be critical to ensure that there is not a community-wide lead exposure. […] Per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, the Sedgwick County Health Department Epidemiology program (Epi) investigates anyone who has an elevated blood lead test (5 g/dL or greater).

• #26 Lead Poisoning Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/go/lead

  The New Mexico Lead Poisoning Prevention Program collects blood lead level data and provides case management services to Children and Adults with elevated blood lead levels. […] Lead exposure in children can cause behavioral and learning problems, hearing loss, and at very high levels, seizures, coma, and death. […] Developing fetuses and growing children are highly susceptible to leads toxic effects. […] Children exposed to even small amounts of lead can suffer adverse health affects, most notably a lowered IQ, and may develop learning and behavior problems. […] Both Federal and State Medicaid regulations require that all children enrolled in Medicaid be tested at 12 months and again at 24 months of age. […] Even low levels of lead in blood have been shown to affect IQ, ability to pay attention, and academic achievement.

• #27 Lead Poisoning Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/go/lead

  The CDC Blood Lead Reference Value based on the 97.5th percentile of blood lead level distribution in US children aged 1-5 years, is 3.5 g/dL. A child is considered to have an elevated blood lead level (EBLL) at a concentration of 3.5 g/dL or greater. […] Despite increases in New Mexicos annual screening rates, only about 10% of children aged 1-5 years were tested for lead exposure in 2010. […] The rates of elevated blood lead levels among children aged 1-5 years have remained at relatively stable levels during the past few years. […] Fortunately, rates of elevated blood lead levels in New Mexican children are lower relative to US rates. […] Despite the federal requirement that Medicaid-eligible children are to be tested for lead exposure, this testing does not always occur. […] From 2006 to 2010, 10,119 New Mexican residents aged 16 and older reported blood lead levels to the NMDOH. Of these, 31 adults had elevated blood lead levels (25 g/dL, 8 of which reported blood lead levels at 40 g/dL or greater). Of the adults with elevated blood lead levels, 19 were due to occupational exposures.

• #28 Lead-Safe Wisconsin: Childhood Lead Poisoning Data and Data Analysis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/lead/data.htm

  Lead poisoning data are reported for Wisconsin residents under age 6. While no safe blood lead level in children has been identified, the CDC uses a blood lead reference value to identify children with higher levels of lead in their blood compared to other children. This value has changed over time.

• #29

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2023

  This report summarises the surveillance of cases of lead exposure in children in England from 1 January to 31 December 2022. It outlines 2022 case data and gives an update of the surveillance activities. […] Following a review of the evidence of the harm of lead exposure in children, a UKHSA task and finish group recommended the lowering of the blood lead public health intervention level for England. Since 5 July 2021, the case definition for surveillance changed to half the original concentration, from 0.48 mol/L (equivalent to 10g/dl) to 0.24mol/L (equivalent to 5g/dl). As expected, this led to a steep increase in the number of cases being reported to LEICSS. […] A total 191 cases of lead exposure in children that met the case definition were notified to UKHSA in 2022; most cases (160, 84%) were directly notified to LEICSS by participating laboratories, and 31 (16%) were notified by other routes, similar to other years. There were 58% more cases compared to the previous year, which had 121 cases.

• #30 Oklahoma Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology & Surveillance Program

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/services/children-family-health/screening-and-special-services/oklahoma-childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention-program/oklahoma-adult-blood-lead-epidemiology-and-surveillance-program.html

  Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) Program. […] In 1995, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) began participation in the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program, which is coordinated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH), a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] The ABLES program is a state-based surveillance system through which states provide information to the NIOSH on reported blood lead levels among adults. […] The mission of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to meet the Healthy People 2020 objective of Occupational Safety and Healthy 7 (OSH-7) which is to reduce by 10 percent the amount of persons who had elevated blood lead concentrations from work exposures. […] The purpose of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to: Maintain an adult blood lead surveillance system and to collect and analyze data to identify the incidence and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in the adult population (ages 16 or older).

• #31 Oklahoma Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology & Surveillance Program

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/services/children-family-health/screening-and-special-services/oklahoma-childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention-program/oklahoma-adult-blood-lead-epidemiology-and-surveillance-program.html

  Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) Program. […] In 1995, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) began participation in the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program, which is coordinated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH), a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] The ABLES program is a state-based surveillance system through which states provide information to the NIOSH on reported blood lead levels among adults. […] The mission of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to meet the Healthy People 2020 objective of Occupational Safety and Healthy 7 (OSH-7) which is to reduce by 10 percent the amount of persons who had elevated blood lead concentrations from work exposures. […] The purpose of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to: Maintain an adult blood lead surveillance system and to collect and analyze data to identify the incidence and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in the adult population (ages 16 or older).

• #32 Oklahoma Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology & Surveillance Program

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/services/children-family-health/screening-and-special-services/oklahoma-childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention-program/oklahoma-adult-blood-lead-epidemiology-and-surveillance-program.html

  Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) Program. […] In 1995, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) began participation in the Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance program, which is coordinated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH), a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] The ABLES program is a state-based surveillance system through which states provide information to the NIOSH on reported blood lead levels among adults. […] The mission of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to meet the Healthy People 2020 objective of Occupational Safety and Healthy 7 (OSH-7) which is to reduce by 10 percent the amount of persons who had elevated blood lead concentrations from work exposures. […] The purpose of the Oklahoma ABLES program is to: Maintain an adult blood lead surveillance system and to collect and analyze data to identify the incidence and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in the adult population (ages 16 or older).

• #33 Oklahoma Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology & Surveillance Program

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/services/children-family-health/screening-and-special-services/oklahoma-childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention-program/oklahoma-adult-blood-lead-epidemiology-and-surveillance-program.html

  Provide annual data to the NIOSH, which is included in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) articles regarding adult blood lead levels nationally. […] To assist the NIOSH in identifying hazardous industries and occupations in order to implement primary prevention strategies for the elimination of adult and related childhood lead poisoning.

• #34 Oklahoma Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology & Surveillance Program

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/services/children-family-health/screening-and-special-services/oklahoma-childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention-program/oklahoma-adult-blood-lead-epidemiology-and-surveillance-program.html

  Provide annual data to the NIOSH, which is included in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) articles regarding adult blood lead levels nationally. […] To assist the NIOSH in identifying hazardous industries and occupations in order to implement primary prevention strategies for the elimination of adult and related childhood lead poisoning.

• #35

  https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/healthyenvironments/workplacehealth/pages/work-related-lead-poisoning.aspx

  In the United States in 2007, over 9,800 adults were reported by 38 states to have elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than or equal to 25 micrograms per deciliter (g/dL). 95% of these adults with an identified exposure source to lead were exposed at work (1). The average BLL for the general population in the U.S. is 2 g/dL) (2,3). […] Adults exposed to lead can experience anemia, nervous system damage, kidney problems, hypertension, decreased fertility, and increased level of miscarriages. Often, workers with elevated BLLs do not appear sick; however, recent evidence suggests that lead exposure at levels previously believed to be of little concern can result in adverse chronic health effects if the exposure is maintained for many years (3). […] Oregon ABLES has been part of the national ABLES program through the National Institute for Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) since 1991. At that time, Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs) 333-017 and 333-018 were revised to make lead levels a reportable condition to the Public Health Division. The objectives of our program are to:

• #36

  https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/healthyenvironments/workplacehealth/pages/work-related-lead-poisoning.aspx

  In the United States in 2007, over 9,800 adults were reported by 38 states to have elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) greater than or equal to 25 micrograms per deciliter (g/dL). 95% of these adults with an identified exposure source to lead were exposed at work (1). The average BLL for the general population in the U.S. is 2 g/dL) (2,3). […] Adults exposed to lead can experience anemia, nervous system damage, kidney problems, hypertension, decreased fertility, and increased level of miscarriages. Often, workers with elevated BLLs do not appear sick; however, recent evidence suggests that lead exposure at levels previously believed to be of little concern can result in adverse chronic health effects if the exposure is maintained for many years (3). […] Oregon ABLES has been part of the national ABLES program through the National Institute for Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) since 1991. At that time, Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs) 333-017 and 333-018 were revised to make lead levels a reportable condition to the Public Health Division. The objectives of our program are to:

• #37

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  According to statistics from international population surveys, the number of cases reported to LEICSS are significantly lower than the estimated incidence of lead exposure in children in England. […] In 2023, the detection rate per million for children aged 0 to 15 in England was 21 cases per million, although there were large regional variations. The highest reporting rates were from Yorkshire and the Humber region (75 per million), and the lowest in the East of England region (8 per million). […] Evidence from LEICSS has shown lead exposure routes in England include ingesting lead-contaminated water, soil, or dust, as well as herbal medicine preparations, contaminated food and spices, and use of consumer products that do not meet regulatory standards. […] Cases of lead exposure are identified by means of a blood test to measure the BLC. Since the signs and symptoms of lead exposure are not specific, it can be easily overlooked and misdiagnosed in clinical settings.

• #38

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2023

  According to statistics from an international population survey, the number of cases reported to UKHSA was significantly lower than the estimated incidence of lead exposure. […] The average detection rate for England between 2015 and 2022 was 6 cases per million children aged 0 to 15 years, although there were large regional variations, with Yorkshire and the Humber having the highest and the South East of England having the lowest. […] Lead is a persistent environmental contaminant that can have toxic effect even at low blood lead concentrations (BLC). There is no known safe threshold for lead exposure. […] UKHSA lowered the public health intervention concentration for lead from 10g/dL (0.48mol/L) to 5g/dL (0.24mol/L) for children under 16 years and for pregnant women, with effect from 5 July 2021.

• #39

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  According to statistics from international population surveys, the number of cases reported to LEICSS are significantly lower than the estimated incidence of lead exposure in children in England. […] In 2023, the detection rate per million for children aged 0 to 15 in England was 21 cases per million, although there were large regional variations. The highest reporting rates were from Yorkshire and the Humber region (75 per million), and the lowest in the East of England region (8 per million). […] Evidence from LEICSS has shown lead exposure routes in England include ingesting lead-contaminated water, soil, or dust, as well as herbal medicine preparations, contaminated food and spices, and use of consumer products that do not meet regulatory standards. […] Cases of lead exposure are identified by means of a blood test to measure the BLC. Since the signs and symptoms of lead exposure are not specific, it can be easily overlooked and misdiagnosed in clinical settings.

• #40 Lead Poisoning Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/go/lead

  The CDC Blood Lead Reference Value based on the 97.5th percentile of blood lead level distribution in US children aged 1-5 years, is 3.5 g/dL. A child is considered to have an elevated blood lead level (EBLL) at a concentration of 3.5 g/dL or greater. […] Despite increases in New Mexicos annual screening rates, only about 10% of children aged 1-5 years were tested for lead exposure in 2010. […] The rates of elevated blood lead levels among children aged 1-5 years have remained at relatively stable levels during the past few years. […] Fortunately, rates of elevated blood lead levels in New Mexican children are lower relative to US rates. […] Despite the federal requirement that Medicaid-eligible children are to be tested for lead exposure, this testing does not always occur. […] From 2006 to 2010, 10,119 New Mexican residents aged 16 and older reported blood lead levels to the NMDOH. Of these, 31 adults had elevated blood lead levels (25 g/dL, 8 of which reported blood lead levels at 40 g/dL or greater). Of the adults with elevated blood lead levels, 19 were due to occupational exposures.

• #41

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2023

  Cases who fit the latest case definition, with a blood lead concentration above 5g/dL (0.24mol/L), should be notified to UKHSA health protection teams for public health case management. […] Surveillance of cases identified by clinicians offers a means of gathering intelligence to guide public health action to prevent further cases of exposure. […] UKHSA coordinates LEICSS, a national surveillance system for children residing in England. […] The SLiC study authors recommended implementation of a laboratory-based surveillance system in order to facilitate timely public health management of cases of lead poisoning in children. […] LEICSS aims are to facilitate timely public health action for individual cases, as the mainstay of treatment for cases of lead exposure is rapid removal of the putative source of exposure, and to meet population level surveillance objectives, to inform public health action that reduces the incidence of lead exposure in children in England.

• #42 Assistance Listing | HHS TAGGS

  https://taggs.hhs.gov/Detail/CFDADetail?arg_CFDA_NUM=93197

  Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Projects, State and Local Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention and Surveillance of Blood Lead Levels in Children […] Objectives: To (1) Develop and/or enhance a surveillance system that monitors all blood lead levels; (2) assure that children who are potentially exposed to lead receive follow up care; (3) assure awareness and action among the general public and affected professionals in relation to preventing childhood lead poisoning in high risk areas in collaboration with other government and community based organizations. […] This project will support activities to reduce lead exposure, including screening, data management, surveillance, reporting of blood lead data to CDC, and targeted population-based interventions. […] Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention and Surveillance of Blood Lead Levels in Children CDC-RFA-EH21-2102CONT24.

• #43 Lead Poisoning Prevention | Environmental Public Health Tracking | Health & Senior Services

  https://ephtn.dhss.mo.gov/EPHTN_Data_Portal/lead/index.php/1000

  Lead poisoning can affect anyone. […] Lead poisoning can occur with no obvious symptoms. […] Missouri requires all blood lead test results be reported. […] In 2019, blood lead levels were tested in 78,770 children under age 6 in Missouri. […] In 2019, elevated blood lead levels were confirmed in 1,426 Missouri children. […] Annual blood lead level data are available from Missouri’s MOPHIMS-EPHT blood lead query. […] Blood lead cohort data provide information on blood lead testing among children born in the same year, known as a birth cohort. […] These data and additional measures are available from the CDC Tracking Network Data Explorer. […] Missouri Lead Exposure Risk Tool provides information on childhood lead exposure risks at the county and zip code levels. […] Blood lead and related data are used to identify children at risk of blood lead poisoning. […] identify and monitor changes in risk and trends over time. […] direct testing efforts, outreach, and educational resources. […] identify and remediate sources of lead exposure. […] monitor progress towards lowering blood lead levels. […] Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance.

• #44 Lead Poisoning Prevention | Environmental Public Health Tracking | Health & Senior Services

  https://ephtn.dhss.mo.gov/EPHTN_Data_Portal/lead/index.php/1000

  Lead poisoning can affect anyone. […] Lead poisoning can occur with no obvious symptoms. […] Missouri requires all blood lead test results be reported. […] In 2019, blood lead levels were tested in 78,770 children under age 6 in Missouri. […] In 2019, elevated blood lead levels were confirmed in 1,426 Missouri children. […] Annual blood lead level data are available from Missouri’s MOPHIMS-EPHT blood lead query. […] Blood lead cohort data provide information on blood lead testing among children born in the same year, known as a birth cohort. […] These data and additional measures are available from the CDC Tracking Network Data Explorer. […] Missouri Lead Exposure Risk Tool provides information on childhood lead exposure risks at the county and zip code levels. […] Blood lead and related data are used to identify children at risk of blood lead poisoning. […] identify and monitor changes in risk and trends over time. […] direct testing efforts, outreach, and educational resources. […] identify and remediate sources of lead exposure. […] monitor progress towards lowering blood lead levels. […] Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance.

• #45 Lead Poisoning Prevention | Environmental Public Health Tracking | Health & Senior Services

  https://ephtn.dhss.mo.gov/EPHTN_Data_Portal/lead/index.php/1000

  Lead poisoning can affect anyone. […] Lead poisoning can occur with no obvious symptoms. […] Missouri requires all blood lead test results be reported. […] In 2019, blood lead levels were tested in 78,770 children under age 6 in Missouri. […] In 2019, elevated blood lead levels were confirmed in 1,426 Missouri children. […] Annual blood lead level data are available from Missouri’s MOPHIMS-EPHT blood lead query. […] Blood lead cohort data provide information on blood lead testing among children born in the same year, known as a birth cohort. […] These data and additional measures are available from the CDC Tracking Network Data Explorer. […] Missouri Lead Exposure Risk Tool provides information on childhood lead exposure risks at the county and zip code levels. […] Blood lead and related data are used to identify children at risk of blood lead poisoning. […] identify and monitor changes in risk and trends over time. […] direct testing efforts, outreach, and educational resources. […] identify and remediate sources of lead exposure. […] monitor progress towards lowering blood lead levels. […] Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance.

• #46 Lead Poisoning Reports, Publications and Surveillance Data – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-sets/lead-pubs.page

  NYC childhood lead data are available through the Environment and Health Data Portal. These data are derived from blood lead test results reported to the Health Department. […] Each year, the Health Department receives blood lead test results for more than 300,000 children younger than 6 years of age. Lead data available include testing data (children tested before age 3) and blood lead level data, including the number and rate of children younger than 6 with blood lead levels at or above 5 mcg/dL. […] The Health Department provides a range of services for children based on their blood lead level, age and exposure risk. […] Report to the New York City Council on Progress in Preventing Childhood Lead Poisoning In New York City, 2018 (PDF) […] Lead Poisoning in Children and Pregnant Women. […] Adults and Lead Poisoning.

• #47 Texas Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (TXCLPPP) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/blood-lead-surveillance-group/educational-materials/texas-childhood-lead-poisoning

  The Texas Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (TXCLPPP) maintains a surveillance system of blood lead results on children younger than 15 years of age. Texas law requires reporting of blood lead tests, elevated and non-elevated, for children 14 years or younger. Physicians, laboratories, hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities must report all blood lead tests to the Texas Child Lead Registry. […] The Texas CLPPP oversees the surveillance of blood lead results of children 14 years of age and younger. Using this data, Texas CLPPP can develop and evaluate current efforts to prevent lead poisoning across the state. Data is used to inform medical and health professionals on testing, reporting, and case management. Data is also used to inform outreach activities and educational materials for parents, educators, and health professionals.

• #48 Improving Speed and Accuracy of Childhood Lead Poisoning Surveillance | Altarum

  https://altarum.org/improving-speed-and-accuracy-childhood-lead-poisoning-surveillance

  Lead poisoning, although largely preventable, is highly prevalent. […] Tracking lead exposure is imperative if public health intervention programs are to be successful. […] The CLPPPs mission is to prevent childhood lead poisoning across the state through surveillance, outreach, and health services. […] Working with MDHHS, providers, and electronic health record (EHR) vendors, Altarum leads efforts to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the data that flow into the Michigan Childhood Lead Poisoning Surveillance System. […] Altarums work to efficiently track lead poisoning data for the MDHHS has led to an increase in the number and efficiency of participating providers. […] We are dedicated to supporting MDHHSs mission of preventing childhood lead poisoning across the state through surveillance, outreach, and health services as lead testing increases and the demand on the system continues to grow.

• #49

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  Progress on developing surveillance of lead cases has continued in 2023. […] The ESQ helps to scope in and out potential sources of lead for case management. […] The Environmental Public Health Surveillance System (EPHSS) collates and integrates data from selected databases on environmental hazards, exposures, and health outcome data. […] The LEPHIS Steering Group was surveyed to review existing priorities and propose additional priorities for lead exposure research and practice in 2024.

• #50 Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance

  https://www.pureearth.org/global-lead-program/health-surveillance/

  Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance […] Health Surveillance is Key to Pure Earth’s 5-Phase Approach to Solving Lead Poisoning. […] Conducting baseline blood lead level (BLL) testing and analysis is crucial to understanding prevalence, severity and locations of lead exposure. Pure Earth collaborates with governments to enhance health surveillance. Since 2018, Pure Earth has collaborated with nine countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, and the Philippines) to implement large scale blood lead level surveys. […] The assessments are groundbreaking, most of which are taking place for the first time in these impacted countries. The data and analyses provide the underpinnings for national action plans and baselines to track progress and identify potential new sources of lead exposures.

• #51 Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance

  https://www.pureearth.org/global-lead-program/health-surveillance/

  Pure Earth collaborates with governments to enhance health surveillance. Since 2018, Pure Earth has collaborated with nine countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, and the Philippines) to implement large scale blood lead level surveys. […] In Mexico, the National Health Service included BLL testing in its national health survey for the second time, providing critical surveillance continuity. In addition Pure Earth supported the National Health Service’s analysis of lead poisoning prevalence, disease burden and associated economic costs. […] By enhancing clinical education and guidelines, strengthening health surveillance technology, and educating teachers and parents on the dangers of lead, countries will be able to better protect children and future generations from lead poisoning.

• #52 Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance

  https://www.pureearth.org/global-lead-program/health-surveillance/

  Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance […] Health Surveillance is Key to Pure Earth’s 5-Phase Approach to Solving Lead Poisoning. […] Conducting baseline blood lead level (BLL) testing and analysis is crucial to understanding prevalence, severity and locations of lead exposure. Pure Earth collaborates with governments to enhance health surveillance. Since 2018, Pure Earth has collaborated with nine countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, and the Philippines) to implement large scale blood lead level surveys. […] The assessments are groundbreaking, most of which are taking place for the first time in these impacted countries. The data and analyses provide the underpinnings for national action plans and baselines to track progress and identify potential new sources of lead exposures.

• #53 Global Lead Program: Health Surveillance

  https://www.pureearth.org/global-lead-program/health-surveillance/

  Pure Earth collaborates with governments to enhance health surveillance. Since 2018, Pure Earth has collaborated with nine countries (Bangladesh, Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Peru, and the Philippines) to implement large scale blood lead level surveys. […] In Mexico, the National Health Service included BLL testing in its national health survey for the second time, providing critical surveillance continuity. In addition Pure Earth supported the National Health Service’s analysis of lead poisoning prevalence, disease burden and associated economic costs. […] By enhancing clinical education and guidelines, strengthening health surveillance technology, and educating teachers and parents on the dangers of lead, countries will be able to better protect children and future generations from lead poisoning.

• #54 Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention – Vital Strategies

  https://www.vitalstrategies.org/programs/childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention/

  Despite clear evidence of harm, many countries do not monitor lead exposure, and only 43% of countries have limits on lead in paint that are legally binding. […] 1 in 3 of the world’s children have elevated blood levels at or above WHO health-based guidelines. […] Vital has supported governments and organizations to initiate surveillance systems that help characterize the lead poisoning problem and inform policy actions, bringing strong expertise in environmental health surveillance to well-established government and technical partnerships. […] In Peru, Vital partnered with the Ministry of Health of Peru and its National Center for Disease Control and Prevention to design and launch the first national surveillance, which tested blood lead levels in over 1,000 children. […] Surveillance efforts are being expanded to Colombia, Indonesia, and other Indian states (e.g., Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra).

• #55 Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention – Vital Strategies

  https://www.vitalstrategies.org/programs/childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention/

  Despite clear evidence of harm, many countries do not monitor lead exposure, and only 43% of countries have limits on lead in paint that are legally binding. […] 1 in 3 of the world’s children have elevated blood levels at or above WHO health-based guidelines. […] Vital has supported governments and organizations to initiate surveillance systems that help characterize the lead poisoning problem and inform policy actions, bringing strong expertise in environmental health surveillance to well-established government and technical partnerships. […] In Peru, Vital partnered with the Ministry of Health of Peru and its National Center for Disease Control and Prevention to design and launch the first national surveillance, which tested blood lead levels in over 1,000 children. […] Surveillance efforts are being expanded to Colombia, Indonesia, and other Indian states (e.g., Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra).

• #56 Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lead_poisoning_epidemiology_and_demographics

  Lead poisoning epidemiology and demographics On the Web […] The incidence of lead poisoning is approximately one in 38 U.S. children in the United States. […] The prevalence of lead poisoning in children, according to the CDC, in the United States is estimated to be approximately half million children ages 1-5 with blood lead levels above 5 micrograms per deciliter (g/dL). […] The case-fatality rate of lead poisoning is approximately 400,000 U.S. deaths per year. […] The incidence of lead poisoning is higher in children; the median age at diagnosis is 1-5 years. […] Lead-contaminated household dust is the major source of lead exposure to children in the U.S. […] Although children are at greater risk from lead exposure, adult exposures can also result in harmful health effects. […] There is no racial predilection to lead poisoning.

• #57 Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas – Pure Earth

  https://www.pureearth.org/study-childhood-lead-poisoning-cases-linked-to-consumer-products-us/

  Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas […] Researchers call for a national tracking database and intervention in countries where the lead contamination originates. […] Researchers found that consumer products (e.g., spices, cosmetics, metal cookware, and ceramics) were a source of lead exposure in 15 to 38% of lead poisoning cases. […] The authors, a team of researchers from Pure Earth and local health authorities in the United States, issued an urgent call to establish a national tracking database to identify lead-containing consumer products that are associated with elevated blood lead levels in the US that can inform interventions in countries where the contamination originates. […] Conducted across four jurisdictions in California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, the study analyzed data from over 2,000 home investigations from 2010-2021.

• #58 Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas – Pure Earth

  https://www.pureearth.org/study-childhood-lead-poisoning-cases-linked-to-consumer-products-us/

  In this study, 15% to nearly 40% of the home investigations resulted in consumer products being identified as a potential source of lead exposure. […] The implications of the study’s findings extend far beyond the United States. […] By uncovering the global origins of these tainted products, the researchers emphasize the urgent need for international cooperation in addressing the lead poisoning crisis. […] The authors highlight the difficulty in ascribing a single lead exposure source to elevated blood lead levels, adding that children may face a combination of lead sources, including housing-related sources and contaminated consumer products. […] In the United States, an estimated 2.5% of children ages 1 to 5 suffer from lead poisoning (defined as having blood lead levels above CDC’s BLRV of 3.5 µg/dL).

• #59 Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas – Pure Earth

  https://www.pureearth.org/study-childhood-lead-poisoning-cases-linked-to-consumer-products-us/

  In this study, 15% to nearly 40% of the home investigations resulted in consumer products being identified as a potential source of lead exposure. […] The implications of the study’s findings extend far beyond the United States. […] By uncovering the global origins of these tainted products, the researchers emphasize the urgent need for international cooperation in addressing the lead poisoning crisis. […] The authors highlight the difficulty in ascribing a single lead exposure source to elevated blood lead levels, adding that children may face a combination of lead sources, including housing-related sources and contaminated consumer products. […] In the United States, an estimated 2.5% of children ages 1 to 5 suffer from lead poisoning (defined as having blood lead levels above CDC’s BLRV of 3.5 µg/dL).

• #60

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-reports-from-2021/lead-exposure-in-children-surveillance-system-leicss-annual-report-2024

  According to statistics from international population surveys, the number of cases reported to LEICSS are significantly lower than the estimated incidence of lead exposure in children in England. […] In 2023, the detection rate per million for children aged 0 to 15 in England was 21 cases per million, although there were large regional variations. The highest reporting rates were from Yorkshire and the Humber region (75 per million), and the lowest in the East of England region (8 per million). […] Evidence from LEICSS has shown lead exposure routes in England include ingesting lead-contaminated water, soil, or dust, as well as herbal medicine preparations, contaminated food and spices, and use of consumer products that do not meet regulatory standards. […] Cases of lead exposure are identified by means of a blood test to measure the BLC. Since the signs and symptoms of lead exposure are not specific, it can be easily overlooked and misdiagnosed in clinical settings.

• #61 Lead Poisoning Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/go/lead

  The CDC Blood Lead Reference Value based on the 97.5th percentile of blood lead level distribution in US children aged 1-5 years, is 3.5 g/dL. A child is considered to have an elevated blood lead level (EBLL) at a concentration of 3.5 g/dL or greater. […] Despite increases in New Mexicos annual screening rates, only about 10% of children aged 1-5 years were tested for lead exposure in 2010. […] The rates of elevated blood lead levels among children aged 1-5 years have remained at relatively stable levels during the past few years. […] Fortunately, rates of elevated blood lead levels in New Mexican children are lower relative to US rates. […] Despite the federal requirement that Medicaid-eligible children are to be tested for lead exposure, this testing does not always occur. […] From 2006 to 2010, 10,119 New Mexican residents aged 16 and older reported blood lead levels to the NMDOH. Of these, 31 adults had elevated blood lead levels (25 g/dL, 8 of which reported blood lead levels at 40 g/dL or greater). Of the adults with elevated blood lead levels, 19 were due to occupational exposures.

• #62 Lead Poisoning Prevention

  https://www.nmhealth.org/go/lead

  The CDC Blood Lead Reference Value based on the 97.5th percentile of blood lead level distribution in US children aged 1-5 years, is 3.5 g/dL. A child is considered to have an elevated blood lead level (EBLL) at a concentration of 3.5 g/dL or greater. […] Despite increases in New Mexicos annual screening rates, only about 10% of children aged 1-5 years were tested for lead exposure in 2010. […] The rates of elevated blood lead levels among children aged 1-5 years have remained at relatively stable levels during the past few years. […] Fortunately, rates of elevated blood lead levels in New Mexican children are lower relative to US rates. […] Despite the federal requirement that Medicaid-eligible children are to be tested for lead exposure, this testing does not always occur. […] From 2006 to 2010, 10,119 New Mexican residents aged 16 and older reported blood lead levels to the NMDOH. Of these, 31 adults had elevated blood lead levels (25 g/dL, 8 of which reported blood lead levels at 40 g/dL or greater). Of the adults with elevated blood lead levels, 19 were due to occupational exposures.

• #63 Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas – Pure Earth

  https://www.pureearth.org/study-childhood-lead-poisoning-cases-linked-to-consumer-products-us/

  Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas […] Researchers call for a national tracking database and intervention in countries where the lead contamination originates. […] Researchers found that consumer products (e.g., spices, cosmetics, metal cookware, and ceramics) were a source of lead exposure in 15 to 38% of lead poisoning cases. […] The authors, a team of researchers from Pure Earth and local health authorities in the United States, issued an urgent call to establish a national tracking database to identify lead-containing consumer products that are associated with elevated blood lead levels in the US that can inform interventions in countries where the contamination originates. […] Conducted across four jurisdictions in California, Oregon, New York City, and King County, Washington, the study analyzed data from over 2,000 home investigations from 2010-2021.

• #64 Study Shows up to 38% of Childhood Lead Poisoning Cases are Linked to Consumer Products in Four Key US Regions/Areas – Pure Earth

  https://www.pureearth.org/study-childhood-lead-poisoning-cases-linked-to-consumer-products-us/

  The first step, according to the authors, is to identify and rank those products most responsible. […] Such a repository of consumer products surveillance data collected by various jurisdictions during lead-poisoning investigations would help to identify a broader range of lead-containing consumer products impacting vulnerable communities in the US. […] Highlighting the importance of incorporating consumer product surveillance into lead poisoning prevention strategies, the researchers conclude with an urgent call for action: “Time is of essence and the groundwork for this repository must be implemented federally to make this process standardized and effective.”

• #65 EPA Research Supports National Lead Poisoning Prevention Week | US EPA

  https://www.epa.gov/land-research/epa-research-supports-national-lead-poisoning-prevention-week

  Each year, EPA joins the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other partners to celebrate National Lead Poisoning Prevention Weeka call to reduce childhood exposure to lead and to prevent lead poisoning. […] Unfortunately, data gaps have all too often masked exactly where these communities are located across the larger landscape, preventing action and leaving the children who live there at greater risk to serious health effects, including lead poisoning. […] This work will help EPA continue to advance its data analysis and mapping science for lead so that states and communities have the information they need to target and prioritize actions to reduce, prevent, and mitigate lead exposure risk, particularly for children.

• #66 EPA Research Supports National Lead Poisoning Prevention Week | US EPA

  https://www.epa.gov/land-research/epa-research-supports-national-lead-poisoning-prevention-week

  Keeping lead out of our drinking water is a critical part of preventing exposures and reducing health risks to children and others. […] The Clean Air Act requires Agency scientists to periodically review these standards through the comprehensive Lead Integrated Science Assessment (ISA). […] The assessment is a synthesis evaluation of the most policy relevant science that forms the scientific foundation for the primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) national ambient air quality standards for Lead (Pb). […] The Agency recently announced the availability of the 2023 External Review Draft of the Lead (Pb) Integrated Science Assessment (ISA). It outlines key policy-relevant conclusions, including those on the populations at increased risk of lead-related effects, the lead exposure concentrations at which such effects occur, and the overall strength of the evidence supporting relationships between lead exposures and health or welfare effects.

• #67 Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990–2019 | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15874-7

  Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease prevention. […] From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs resulting from lead exposure increased by 70.19% and 35.26%, respectively; however, the ASMR and ASDR decreased by 20.66% and 29.23%, respectively. […] High PAFs occurred mainly in South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. […] Our findings showed that the global impact of lead exposure and its burden increased from 1990 to 2019 and varied significantly according to age, sex, region, and resulting disease. Effective public health measures and policies should be adopted to prevent and control lead exposure. […] Strong epidemiological evidence, such as a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the disease burden attributable to lead exposure, would aid the development of effective prevention strategies that reduce the hazards of lead exposure.

• #68 Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990–2019 | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15874-7

  The burden of disease caused by lead exposure was negatively correlated with the SDI. […] Therefore, corresponding lead control strategies in low SDI countries should continue to be improved through measures such as strengthening blood lead monitoring in exposed populations and raising awareness of lead toxicity, while more multisectoral commitments are necessary to eliminate sources of lead and ultimately reduce the disease burden of lead exposure. […] The present study systematically quantified and comparatively assessed the global burden of 13 diseases resulting from lead exposure in different populations as well as their spatio-temporal trends. […] The number of deaths and DALYs resulting from all diseases except RHD increased significantly, whereas ASMRs and ASDRs decreased. […] The effects of lead exposure were most significant in low SDI regions, and the resulting disease burden was concentrated in South Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East.

• #69 Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention – Vital Strategies

  https://www.vitalstrategies.org/programs/childhood-lead-poisoning-prevention/

  Despite clear evidence of harm, many countries do not monitor lead exposure, and only 43% of countries have limits on lead in paint that are legally binding. […] 1 in 3 of the world’s children have elevated blood levels at or above WHO health-based guidelines. […] Vital has supported governments and organizations to initiate surveillance systems that help characterize the lead poisoning problem and inform policy actions, bringing strong expertise in environmental health surveillance to well-established government and technical partnerships. […] In Peru, Vital partnered with the Ministry of Health of Peru and its National Center for Disease Control and Prevention to design and launch the first national surveillance, which tested blood lead levels in over 1,000 children. […] Surveillance efforts are being expanded to Colombia, Indonesia, and other Indian states (e.g., Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra).

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