Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Outcome is related to the extent and duration of lead exposure. Effects of lead on the physiology of the kidneys and blood are generally reversible; its effects on the central nervous system are not. While peripheral effects in adults often go away when lead exposure ceases, evidence suggests that most of lead’s effects on a child’s central nervous system are irreversible. Children with lead poisoning may thus have adverse health, cognitive, and behavioral effects that follow them into adulthood. […] Lead encephalopathy is a medical emergency and causes permanent brain damage in 70-80% of children affected by it, even those that receive the best treatment. The mortality rate for people who develop cerebral involvement is about 25%, and of those who survive who had lead encephalopathy symptoms by the time chelation therapy was begun, about 40% have permanent neurological problems such as cerebral palsy.

• #2 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Exposure to lead may also decrease lifespan and have health effects in the long term. Death rates from a variety of causes have been found to be higher in people with elevated blood lead levels; these include cancer, stroke, and heart disease, and general death rates from all causes. Lead is considered a possible human carcinogen based on evidence from animal studies. Evidence also suggests that age-related mental decline and psychiatric symptoms are correlated with lead exposure. Cumulative exposure over a prolonged period may have a more important effect on some aspects of health than recent exposure. Some health effects, such as high blood pressure, are only significant risks when lead exposure is prolonged (over about one year). Furthermore, the neurological effects of lead exposure have been shown to be exacerbated and long lasting in low income children in comparison to those of higher economic standing. This does not imply that being wealthy can prevent lead from causing long-term mental health issues.

• #3 Neonatal blood lead concentration predicts medium term lead-related outcomes in children ≤5 years old with congenital lead poisoning: A retrospective cohort study in Northern Nigeria | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001644

  Neonatal blood lead concentration predicts medium term lead-related outcomes in children 5 years old with congenital lead poisoning: A retrospective cohort study in Northern Nigeria. […] We aimed to describe the prevalence of congenital lead poisoning in this cohort and analyse the association between neonatal blood lead concentration (BLC) and medium-term lead-related outcomes during the study period. […] For every doubling in neonatal BLC, there was an almost 8-fold increase in adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the composite lead-related outcome (p0.001). […] A neonatal BLC 15.0 g/dL had 95% sensitivity for identifying children who went on to have the composite outcome (with specificity 67%; positive likelihood ratio 2.86). […] Congenital lead poisoning predicts ongoing exposure in this population, even after environmental remediation.

• #4 Neonatal blood lead concentration predicts medium term lead-related outcomes in children ≤5 years old with congenital lead poisoning: A retrospective cohort study in Northern Nigeria | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001644

  Understanding whether neonatal BLC is a reliable predictor of outcome in an acute lead poisoning outbreak is potentially useful for pragmatic resource management in low resource settings. […] This suggests a complex, early, multidisciplinary approach to source control and exposure management is required when elevated neonatal BLC is observed in lead poisoning clusters in low-and-middle-income contexts.

• #5 Prediction the prognosis of the poisoned patients undergoing hemodialysis using machine learning algorithms

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10845715/

  Prediction of hemodialysis outcomes depends on many factors and is different in different populations. […] Risk prediction models are created to estimate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome, such as mortality, based on various variables including demographic and clinical factors. […] Traditional techniques like proportional hazards regression (Cox regression) and logistic regression assume a linear relationship between these variables and the outcomes. […] In recent times, machine learning techniques have emerged as more sophisticated and reliable approaches for predicting outcomes, provided that there is a sufficient amount of data available for analysis. […] The results demonstrated that the HGB classifier outperforms the other classifiers in this study, as indicated by its superior Kappa metrics and lower error rate. […] Thus, given these findings, the HGB classifier is considered the optimal algorithm for building a CDSS interface to predict the prognosis of poisoned patients who may need dialysis.

• #6 Prediction the prognosis of the poisoned patients undergoing hemodialysis using machine learning algorithms

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10845715/

  Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment used to eliminate toxins and metabolites from the body during poisoning. […] This study aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap by developing a machine-learning prediction model for forecasting the prognosis of the poisoned patient undergoing hemodialysis. […] The experimental results showed that ten variables had a significant influence on prognosis outcomes including age, intubation, acidity (PH), previous medical history, bicarbonate (HCO3), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute kidney injury, and potassium. […] ML-based predictive models can predict the prognosis of poisoned patients undergoing hemodialysis with high performance. […] The developed ML models demonstrate valuable potential for providing frontline clinicians with data-driven, evidence-based tools to guide time-sensitive prognosis evaluations and care decisions for poisoned patients in need of hemodialysis.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13755-023-00257-4

  Lead poisoning is very much preventable with adequate and timely action. […] A significant contribution to an infant’s BLL load is caused by maternal lead transfer during pregnancy. […] The built prediction model can be beneficial in improving the point of care and hence reducing the cost and the risk involved. […] It is envisaged that in future, the proposed methodology will become a part of a screening process to assist healthcare experts at the point of evaluating the lead toxicity level in pregnant women. […] Therefore, lead exposure in pregnant women is a rising concern and requires an early risk assessment for better care planning. […] The economic costs associated with childhood exposure to lead are substantial. […] The effects of lead exposure need to be characterised to enable the delivery of an appropriate public healthcare system to lead-exposed women and newborn infants.

• #8

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13755-023-00257-4

  Quantifying sociodemographic factors and assessing early-stage lead toxicity levels in pregnant women could be beneficial in taking timely measures and reducing the effect of lead on the developing foetus. […] The analysis established a correlation between specific features and higher lead concentration with a certain degree of certainty. […] The initial set of models was built with an 18 features dataset. […] The 8-feature models obtained from the multinomial logistic regression analysis achieved improved accuracy. […] The models built with 12 features from the Boruta algorithm achieved slightly higher accuracy. […] The focus of our work is to analyse the pregnant women’s background for the potential risk of lead toxicity. […] The current work describes the initial framework for lead prediction modelling that can underpin, in future, an analytical tool in the form of a mobile screening app with a more detailed set of data and improved accuracy.

• #9

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13755-023-00257-4

  If a high exposure is detected, pre-emptive measures can be taken to minimise the effects of lead exposure. […] The early detection and prevention of lead-related risk levels will help in a lower percentage of low-birth-weight babies, enhanced health facilities, and lower infant and mother mortality rates.

• #10 Lead poisoning as a differential diagnosis in pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain: a case–control study in Tehran-Iran | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text

  https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-024-03337-1

  Lead poisoning could be a possible cause of children’s chronic abdominal pain. […] The logistic regression analysis demonstrated a meaningful positive relationship between chronic abdominal pain and blood lead level (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.17) (P value=0.001). […] This study showed that lead poisoning is still a serious problem in Iran, despite the precautions against utilizing lead in different industries. Lead poisoning could result in various symptoms in children, including chronic abdominal pain, poor appetite, and growth failure. These results should be taken seriously as a health concern, especially for children. Neglecting the risks of lead exposure in pediatrics might have irreversible effects.

• #11

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. […] There is no known safe blood lead concentration; even blood lead concentrations as low as 3.5 g/dL may be associated with decreased intelligence in children, behavioural difficulties and learning problems. […] Lead exposure causes a significant burden of disease. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) estimates that more than 1.5 million deaths globally were attributed to lead exposure in 2021, primarily due to cardiovascular effects. […] In 2021, WHO published Guidelines on clinical management exposure to lead. The guidelines recommend that for individuals with blood lead concentration equal to or greater than 5 g/dL, the source of lead exposure should be identified, and appropriate action taken to terminate exposure.

• #12 Lead exposure and poisoning | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is caused by very high levels of lead in your blood. […] In severe cases, lead poisoning can cause seizures, coma, and death. […] Lead poisoning can be prevented by identifying potential sources of lead and removing them. […] If your blood tests show that you have a very high blood lead level, your doctor may recommend chelation therapy. These medicines attach to lead in your blood, so your kidneys can remove it from your body.

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