Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lead poisoning – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lead-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354717

  Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, often over months or years. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Children younger than 6 years are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development. At very high levels, lead poisoning can be fatal. […] Initially, lead poisoning can be hard to detect even people who seem healthy can have high blood levels of lead. Signs and symptoms usually don’t appear until dangerous amounts have accumulated. […] Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning in children include: Developmental delay, Learning difficulties, Irritability, Loss of appetite, Weight loss, Sluggishness and fatigue, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Constipation, Hearing loss, Seizures, Eating things, such as paint chips, that aren’t food (pica).

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. Exposure to very high levels of lead can severely damage the brain and central nervous system causing coma, convulsions and even death. […] At lower levels of exposure that may have no obvious symptoms, lead can lead to a spectrum of injury across multiple body systems. In particular, lead can permanently affect childrens brain development, resulting in reduced intelligence quotient (IQ), behavioural changes including reduced attention span and increased antisocial behaviour, and reduced educational attainment. Lead exposure also causes anaemia, hypertension, renal impairment, immunotoxicity and toxicity to the reproductive organs. […] There is no known safe blood lead concentration; even blood lead concentrations as low as 3.5 g/dL may be associated with decreased intelligence in children, behavioural difficulties and learning problems.

• #1 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11312-lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is caused by exposure to high levels of lead. Symptoms of lead poisoning include headaches, cramps and hyperactivity. […] Symptoms of lead poisoning in children can include: Cramps. Hyperactivity (restlessness, fidgeting and talking too much). Learning problems. Changes in behavior. Headaches. Vomiting. Fatigue. Anemia (not enough hemoglobin in their blood). […] Symptoms that may develop in adults include: Headaches. Abdominal pain. Personality changes. Anemia. Numbness in feet and legs. Loss of sex drive. Infertility. […] Sometimes, children and adults who’ve been exposed to lead have no symptoms. Other times, the symptoms of lead poisoning won’t appear right away. When they do occur, the symptoms may develop over several weeks or months. Sometimes, symptoms flare up sporadically (at irregular times).

• #1 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Early symptoms of lead poisoning in adults are commonly nonspecific and include depression, loss of appetite, intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and muscle pain. Other early signs in adults include malaise, fatigue, decreased libido, and problems with sleep. An unusual taste in the mouth and personality changes are also early signs. […] In adults, symptoms can occur at levels above 40 g/dL, but are more likely to occur only above 50-60 g/dL. Symptoms begin to appear in children generally at around 60 g/dL. However, the lead levels at which symptoms appear vary widely depending on unknown characteristics of each individual. […] At blood lead levels between 25 and 60 g/dL, neuropsychiatric effects such as delayed reaction times, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, as well as slowed motor nerve conduction and headache can occur. Anemia may appear at blood lead levels higher than 50 g/dL.

• #1 Lead Poisoning – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is most often a chronic disorder and may not cause acute symptoms. With or without acute symptoms, poisoning eventually has irreversible effects (eg, cognitive deficits, peripheral neuropathy, progressive renal dysfunction). […] Symptoms of lead poisoning are roughly proportional to lead levels, but there are no safe levels of lead. Risk of cognitive deficits increases when the whole blood lead level (PbB) is 10 mcg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) for an extended period, although the cutoff may be even lower. Other symptoms (eg, abdominal cramping, constipation, tremors, mood changes) may occur if PbB is 50 mcg/dL (2.4 micromol/L). Encephalopathy is likely if PbB is 100 mcg/dL (4.8 micromol/L). […] Acute lead poisoning may cause irritability, decreased attentiveness, and acute encephalopathy. Cerebral edema develops over 1 to 5 days, causing persistent and forceful vomiting, ataxic gait, seizures, altered consciousness, and, finally, intractable seizures and coma. Encephalopathy may be preceded by several weeks of irritability and decreased play activity.

• #1 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  In adults, abdominal colic, involving paroxysms of pain, may appear at blood lead levels greater than 80 g/dL. Signs that occur in adults at blood lead levels exceeding 100 g/dL include wrist drop and foot drop, and signs of encephalopathy (a condition characterized by brain swelling), such as those that accompany increased pressure within the skull, delirium, coma, seizures, and headache. […] In children, signs of encephalopathy such as bizarre behavior, discoordination, and apathy occur at lead levels exceeding 70 g/dL. For both adults and children, it is rare to be asymptomatic if blood lead levels exceed 100 g/dL. […] Chronic poisoning usually presents with symptoms affecting multiple systems, but is associated with three main types of symptoms: gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and neurological. Central nervous system and neuromuscular symptoms usually result from intense exposure, while gastrointestinal symptoms usually result from exposure over longer periods. Signs of chronic exposure include loss of short-term memory or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, and numbness and tingling in the extremities.

• #1 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  What are the symptoms of acute lead poisoning? Acute lead poisoning is caused by an intense exposure to lead over a short period of time. Symptoms include: Abdominal pain, Nausea or vomiting, Diarrhea or constipation, Loss of appetite, Metallic taste, Generalized pain, Muscle weakness, Pins and needles sensations. […] What are the signs of lead poisoning in children? Because of their smaller size, children are more likely to develop symptoms sooner and show more profound neurological signs, such as irritability, learning difficulties, sluggishness, clumsiness, hearing loss, and pica (eating non-food substances like dirt or paint chips). Developmental delays and seizures are also possible. […] Lead poisoning during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight. It can slow growth and weight gain in newborns and may cause damage to the child’s brain, kidneys, and nervous system. Conversely, lead poisoning can lower the sperm count and make it difficult to conceive.

• #1 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  Any delay in treatment could lead to severe and lifelong health issues, especially in young children. […] Because most cases of lead poisoning don’t have any symptoms, don’t wait until they appear to talk to your practitioner if you suspect lead poisoning or even exposure to lead. […] What are the symptoms of chronic lead poisoning? Chronic lead poisoning is caused by repeated low-level exposure to lead over a prolonged period of time. Common signs and symptoms include: Abdominal pain, Nausea, Headache, Fatigue, Short-term memory loss, Difficulty concentrating, Mood changes, including depression and stupor, Slurring, Numbness and tingling in the extremities, Loss of coordination, An unhealthy, grayish skin pallor, A blue line along the gums (called a Burton line), A bluish-black edging to teeth.

• #1 Symptoms of Lead Exposure

  https://www.nj.gov/health/childhood-lead/symptoms/

  Many children with lead poisoning have no symptoms. […] Even low levels of lead in the blood can lead to learning and behavioral problems. […] Getting your child tested is the best way to identify lead poisoning. […] Lead exposure symptoms can vary in children for many reasons, including the child’s age and the source of lead exposure. […] Symptoms of lead exposure in children include: Loss of appetite, Poor growth, Feeling constantly tired or irritable, Persistent nausea and vomiting, Constipation, Stomach pain, Joint pain and muscle weakness, Headaches. […] High lead levels can cause confusion, seizures, coma, and death. […] Lead exposure symptoms can vary based on a child’s age. Younger children might show different signs than older children. […] Lead exposure in infants may lead to delays in reaching developmental milestones, such as sitting up, crawling, or walking.

• #1 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11312-lead-poisoning

  Low blood lead levels in your child can affect virtually all the organs and systems in their body. These effects can include: Behavioral problems. Learning difficulties. Lowered IQ (intelligence quotient). Hyperactivity. Growth delay. Hearing problems. […] Higher blood lead levels can cause seizures and comas. In very rare cases, it can be fatal. […] Lead poisoning in adults can lead to serious health effects. These effects can include: High blood pressure (hypertension). Kidney problems. Reproductive issues.

• #1 Lead Poisoning Effects | Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital

  https://www.mwph.org/health-services/lead-treatment/poisoning-effects

  Checklist of Possible Neuropsychological Problems Associated with Lead: Delayed language or motor milestones (infant, toddler), Poor speech articulation, Poor language understanding or usage, Problems maintaining attention in school or home, High activity level (hyperactivity), Problems with learning and remembering new information, Rigid, inflexible problem-solving abilities, Delayed general intellectual abilities, Learning problems in school (reading, language, math, writing), Problems controlling behavior (e.g., aggressive, impulsive), Problems with fine or gross motor coordination. […] Poor Academic Learning and Performance: Learning disabilities, Problems paying attention, Disorganized approach to learning, Poor work completion, Increased risk to drop out. […] Poor Social Relationships: Communication deficits, Impulsive, hyperactive behavior, Problems sharing and taking turns, Increased aggression, Increased need for adult supervision.

• #1 Lead Poisoning – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  Chronic lead poisoning in children may cause intellectual disability, seizure disorders, aggressive behavior disorders, developmental regression, chronic abdominal pain, and anemia. […] Adults with occupational exposure characteristically develop symptoms (eg, personality changes, headache, abdominal pain, neuropathy) over several weeks or longer. Encephalopathy is unusual. Adults may develop loss of sex drive, infertility, and, in men, erectile dysfunction. […] Anemia may develop because lead interferes with the normal formation of hemoglobin. Children and adults who inhale tetra-ethyl or tetra-methyl lead (in leaded gasoline) may develop toxic psychosis in addition to more characteristic symptoms of lead poisoning.

• #1 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Lead poisoning can cause a variety of symptoms and signs which vary depending on the individual and the duration of lead exposure. Symptoms are nonspecific and may be subtle, and someone with elevated lead levels may have no symptoms. Symptoms usually develop over weeks to months as lead builds up in the body during a chronic exposure, but acute symptoms from brief, intense exposures also occur. Symptoms from exposure to organic lead, which is probably more toxic than inorganic lead due to its lipid solubility, occur rapidly. Poisoning by organic lead compounds has symptoms predominantly in the central nervous system, such as insomnia, delirium, cognitive deficits, tremor, hallucinations, and convulsions. […] Symptoms may be different in adults and children; the main symptoms in adults are headache, abdominal pain, memory loss, kidney failure, male reproductive problems, and weakness, pain, or tingling in the extremities.

• #1 Symptoms of Lead Exposure | Lead in the Workplace | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/lead/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of lead exposure are similar to other illnesses, so lead poisoning may be missed. […] Abdominal pain is one symptom of lead exposure. […] If you are exposed to high levels of lead over a short period of time, you may experience: Metallic taste, Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea or constipation, Dehydration, headache, exhaustion, irritability, weakness, Appetite loss, Memory loss, Pain or tingling in your hands or feet. […] If you are exposed to lead over long periods of time, you may experience: Abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation, Depression, irritability, and altered moods or behaviors, Distraction and forgetfulness, Increased blood pressure. […] Symptoms may occur slowly, so health professions may overlook lead poisoning as the cause.

• #1 Lead Poisoning Can Be Easily Misdiagnosed as Acute Porphyria and Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5467293/

  The abdominal pain generally does not occur until lead levels are very high. The blood lead levels associated with abdominal pain are reported in the literature to range from 46 to 200g/dL. […] At low blood levels (up to 10g/dL), nonspecific symptoms are common, including malaise, anorexia, and irritability. Extremely high blood lead levels (70g/dL) could result in cerebral edema, encephalopathy with confusion, drowsiness, coma or seizures, and even death. […] The classical features of LP include abdominal pain (lead colic), anemia with basophilic stippling of red cells, blue-black gum deposits (Burton line), and lead line on joint radiography. […] Making a diagnosis based on the classical clinical features such as abdominal pain and anemia is difficult because these are nonspecific features.

• #1 Lead poisoning – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lead-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354717

  Babies exposed to lead before birth might: Be born prematurely, Have lower birth weight, Have slowed growth. […] Although children are primarily at risk, lead poisoning is also dangerous for adults. Signs and symptoms in adults might include: High blood pressure, Joint and muscle pain, Difficulties with memory or concentration, Headache, Abdominal pain, Mood disorders, Reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm, Miscarriage, stillbirth or premature birth in pregnant women.

• #1 How Long Does It Take to Get Lead Poisoning?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_long_does_it_take_to_get_lead_poisoning/article.htm

  Lead poisoning usually takes months or years of exposure to a small amount of lead at home, work or daycare. When exposed to large amounts of lead, it can quickly lead to lead poisoning (acute poisoning). […] Lead poisoning signs and symptoms include high blood pressure, joint and muscle pain, headache, difficulties with memories or concentration, abdominal pain, mood disorders, reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm, miscarriage, stillbirth or premature birth in pregnant women, pain or tingling in feet, weakness, loss of appetite, constipation, tiredness, irritability, kidney and nervous system damage, seizures, unconsciousness, and death. […] Exposure to low levels of lead can lead to irreversible damage to brain development. The warning signs in children include developmental delay, learning difficulties, loss of appetite, irritability, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, hearing loss, constipation, seizures, laziness and fatigue, and pica (eating things that aren’t edible). […] At very high levels, lead poisoning can cause seizures, unconsciousness and even death.

• #1 Lead exposure and poisoning | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is caused by very high levels of lead in your blood. […] Symptoms of lead exposure can be difficult to recognise. The effects of lead exposure can depend on: your age, how much lead you are exposed to and for how long, your general health. […] Some symptoms associated with lead exposure are: abdominal (tummy) pain, constipation, headache, fatigue (tiredness), restless arms and legs, muscle and joint pain, sleep problems. […] Lead exposure can also cause anaemia. […] Lead exposure in children can lead to: reduced intelligence (IQ), hearing problems, decreased growth. […] Long-term exposure to low levels of lead may produce symptoms including irritability, lack of energy and loss of appetite.

• #1 Lead Poisoning – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  If the level of lead in the blood is high, symptoms of brain damage (encephalopathy) usually develop. Lower blood levels that are sustained for longer periods of time sometimes cause long-term intellectual deficits. […] Even after treatment, many children with encephalopathy develop some degree of permanent brain damage. Kidney damage is also sometimes permanent.

• #1 Chronic Lead Exposure: A Non-Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://biausa.org/public-affairs/public-awareness/news/chronic-lead-exposure-a-non-traumatic-brain-injury

  Adults who suffered childhood lead exposure were shown to have decreased brain volume, mainly in the prefrontal cortex, affecting fine motor control and executive functioning skills. […] Like other brain injuries, lead poisoning is a condition with long-lasting effects. Those who are exposed to the toxin early in life will need adequate resources and consistent support to help them cope with the various neurological deficits they will incur as they age.

• #1 Lead – Health Effects | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/lead/health-effects

  Workers today are still being exposed to lead that result in adverse health effects. […] Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that chronic exposure resulting in blood lead levels (BLL) as low as 10 µg/dL in adults are associated with impaired kidney function, high blood pressure, nervous system and neurobehavioral effects, cognitive dysfunction later in life, and subtle cognitive effects attributed to prenatal exposure. […] Chronic exposures leading to BLLs above 20 µg/dL can cause subclinical effects on cognitive functions as well as adverse effects on sperm/semen quality and delayed conception. BLLs between 20 to 40 µg/dL are associated with effects such as cognitive aging as well as deficits in visuomotor dexterity, lower reaction times and attention deficit. At BBLs above 40 µg/dL, workers begin to experience symptoms such as headache, fatigue, sleep disturbance, joint pain, myalgia, anorexia, and constipation.

• #1 Lead poisoning | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/parenthood/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning (high levels of lead in your body) can cause serious problems during pregnancy, like preterm birth and miscarriage. […] Exposure to high levels of lead before and during pregnancy can cause: […] Preterm birth. This is birth that happens too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy. […] Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning in children include: […] Developmental delays and learning problems. Developmental delays are when your child doesn’t reach developmental milestones when expected. […] Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning in adults include: […] Trouble concentrating or remembering things.

• #1 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  Even low levels of exposure can lead to kidney damage and hypertension and contribute to the onset of coronary artery disease. Exposure during childhood or pregnancy is linked to learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and antisocial behaviors. In adults, chronic lead exposure is linked to psychiatric problems and a decline in cognitive function. […] With chelation therapy (using agents that bind to lead and remove it from the body in urine), the effects of lead poisoning on the kidneys and blood may be reversed. However, damage to the brain and nervous system may be irreversible. […] Lead is a possible carcinogen, although studies are mixed as to the actual risk of cancer and at what level of exposure the risk increases. […] At high levels of exposure, lead poisoning can cause encephalitis (brain inflammation), leading to seizures, coma, and death from cardiorespiratory arrest. Chronic lead poisoning is associated with a reduced life expectancy, mainly due to heart disease.

• #1 Lead Poisoning – Center for Parent Information and Resources

  https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ohi-lead/

  Lead poisoning is diagnosed through a simple blood test. Results come back in a few days and show how much lead is in the bloodstream. A level of 10 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL) or greater is considered unsafe. […] Unfortunately, the signs that a child may have lead poisoning are rather nonspecific, sometimes making diagnosis more difficult. Symptoms can include: Irritability, Loss of appetite, Weight loss, Sluggishness, Abdominal pain, Vomiting, Constipation, Unusual paleness (pallor) from anemia, Learning difficulties.

• #1 Lead poisoning

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/emergencies-and-first-aid/lead-poisoning

  In extreme cases lead poisoning can cause convulsions, coma or death. […] High levels of lead exposure can cause symptoms such as: vomiting, stomach pains, difficulty sleeping, constipation, loss of appetite, reduced IQ, poor behaviour. […] If untreated, very high blood lead levels can cause more serious problems, and lead to brain damage or even death. […] Symptoms of lead poisoning are similar to many other health conditions. If you or your tamariki have any of these symptoms and think you may have had lead exposure, visit a healthcare provider or call Healthline on 0800 611 116. […] There is no safe blood level of lead. Depending on the results of the test, your healthcare provider will recommend future testing to check your levels. If your levels are very high they might suggest treatment.

• #1 Lead Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/815399-overview

  The effects of lead poisoning on the brain are manifold and include delayed or reversed development, permanent learning disabilities, seizures, coma, and even death. The long-term effect of lead exposure is maximal during the first 2 or 3 years of life, when the developing brain is in a critical formative stage. […] With exposure to high levels of lead, patients develop lethargy, progressing to coma and seizures. Death is uncommon with appropriate medical management. Long-term sequelae depend on the duration, as well as the amount, of exposure. Acute lead nephropathy is usually completely reversible with chelation therapy. […] With chronic exposure to low or moderate levels of lead, subacute symptoms develop. Patients with chronic lead nephropathy may have a progressive decline in kidney function and eventually require renal replacement therapy. […] Mounting evidence suggests that lead poisoning in childhood produces a long-term problem with learning, intelligence, and earning power. Asymptomatic lead poisoning has a far better prognosis.

• #1 Lead toxicity – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/755

  Lead toxicity occurs after occupational or home exposure to lead. There is no threshold level for toxicity. […] Lead toxicity causes neurodevelopmental dysfunction in children and a range of cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and haematological dysfunctions in adults. […] Acute symptoms resolve with treatment, but neurological impairments and cardiovascular toxicities are irreversible. […] Lead resides in bone for decades after exposure has ceased; all patients require long-term monitoring. […] Key diagnostic factors include cognitive impairment (children), behavioural changes (children), headaches (children), clumsiness and agitation (children), loss of appetite (children), constipation (children), somnolence (children), altered mental state, cerebellar signs, seizures, and coma. […] Other diagnostic factors include colicky abdominal pain (adults) and hypertension (adults).

• #2 Lead poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002473.htm

  Lead is a very strong poison. When a person swallows an object that has lead in it or breathes in lead dust, some of the poison can stay in the body and cause serious health problems. […] There are many possible symptoms of lead poisoning. Lead can affect many different parts of the body. A single high dose of lead can cause severe emergency symptoms. […] However, it is more common for lead poisoning to occur slowly over time. This results from repeated exposure to small amounts of lead. In this case, there may not be any obvious symptoms. Over time, even low levels of lead exposure can harm a child’s mental

• #2 Lead poisoning – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lead-poisoning/symptoms-causes/syc-20354717

  Babies exposed to lead before birth might: Be born prematurely, Have lower birth weight, Have slowed growth. […] Although children are primarily at risk, lead poisoning is also dangerous for adults. Signs and symptoms in adults might include: High blood pressure, Joint and muscle pain, Difficulties with memory or concentration, Headache, Abdominal pain, Mood disorders, Reduced sperm count and abnormal sperm, Miscarriage, stillbirth or premature birth in pregnant women.

• #2 Lead toxicity – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/755

  Lead toxicity occurs after occupational or home exposure to lead. There is no threshold level for toxicity. […] Lead toxicity causes neurodevelopmental dysfunction in children and a range of cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and haematological dysfunctions in adults. […] Acute symptoms resolve with treatment, but neurological impairments and cardiovascular toxicities are irreversible. […] Lead resides in bone for decades after exposure has ceased; all patients require long-term monitoring. […] Key diagnostic factors include cognitive impairment (children), behavioural changes (children), headaches (children), clumsiness and agitation (children), loss of appetite (children), constipation (children), somnolence (children), altered mental state, cerebellar signs, seizures, and coma. […] Other diagnostic factors include colicky abdominal pain (adults) and hypertension (adults).

• #2 Symptoms of Lead Exposure | Lead in the Workplace | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/lead/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of lead exposure are similar to other illnesses, so lead poisoning may be missed. […] Abdominal pain is one symptom of lead exposure. […] If you are exposed to high levels of lead over a short period of time, you may experience: Metallic taste, Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea or constipation, Dehydration, headache, exhaustion, irritability, weakness, Appetite loss, Memory loss, Pain or tingling in your hands or feet. […] If you are exposed to lead over long periods of time, you may experience: Abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation, Depression, irritability, and altered moods or behaviors, Distraction and forgetfulness, Increased blood pressure. […] Symptoms may occur slowly, so health professions may overlook lead poisoning as the cause.

• #2 Adult Lead Poisoning | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/lead-poisoning/adults.html

  Lead poisoning can be defined as exposure to high levels of lead typically associated with severe health effects. The amount of lead in the body and the tissue as well as the time course of exposure determines the toxicity and the signs and symptoms exhibited by an individual. […] In regards to the time of exposure, lead poisoning can be classified into acute lead poisoning (from intense exposure of short duration) or chronic lead poisoning (from repeat low-level exposure over a prolonged time period). […] Acute Poisoning signs and symptoms include pain, muscle weakness, paraesthesia (sensation of „pins” and „needles”), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, poor appetite, weight loss, symptoms associated with encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) (rare), lead’s effects on the mouth include astringency and a metallic taste, absorption of large amounts of lead over a short time can cause shock (insufficient fluid in the circulatory system) due to loss of water from the gastrointestinal tract, hemolysis (the rupture of red blood cells) due to acute poisoning can cause anemia and hemoglobin in the urine, and damage to kidneys can cause changes in urination (e.g., decreased urine output).

• #2 Lead Poisoning – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is most often a chronic disorder and may not cause acute symptoms. With or without acute symptoms, poisoning eventually has irreversible effects (eg, cognitive deficits, peripheral neuropathy, progressive renal dysfunction). […] Symptoms of lead poisoning are roughly proportional to lead levels, but there are no safe levels of lead. Risk of cognitive deficits increases when the whole blood lead level (PbB) is 10 mcg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) for an extended period, although the cutoff may be even lower. Other symptoms (eg, abdominal cramping, constipation, tremors, mood changes) may occur if PbB is 50 mcg/dL (2.4 micromol/L). Encephalopathy is likely if PbB is 100 mcg/dL (4.8 micromol/L). […] Acute lead poisoning may cause irritability, decreased attentiveness, and acute encephalopathy. Cerebral edema develops over 1 to 5 days, causing persistent and forceful vomiting, ataxic gait, seizures, altered consciousness, and, finally, intractable seizures and coma. Encephalopathy may be preceded by several weeks of irritability and decreased play activity.

• #2 Adult Lead Poisoning | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/lead-poisoning/adults.html

  Chronic poisoning usually presents with symptoms affecting multiple systems, it is associated with three main types of symptoms: gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and neurological. […] Signs of chronic exposure include loss of short-term memory or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, numbness and tingling in the extremities, fatigue, problems with sleep, headache, stupor, slurred speech, anemia, „lead hue” of the skin with pallor, a blue line along the gum, with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as burton line, high blood pressure, declines in mental functioning, memory loss, mood disorders, reduced sperm count, abnormal sperm, and miscarriage or premature birth in pregnant women.

• #2 Lead Poisoning – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning affects many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, and blood. Children are particularly susceptible because their nervous systems are still developing. […] Very high levels of lead in the blood may cause personality changes, headaches, loss of sensation, weakness, a metallic taste in the mouth, uncoordinated walking, digestive problems, and anemia. […] Many people with mild lead poisoning have no symptoms. Symptoms that do occur usually develop over several weeks or longer. Sometimes symptoms flare up periodically. […] Typical symptoms of lead poisoning include personality changes, headaches, loss of sensation, weakness, a metallic taste in the mouth, uncoordinated walking, poor appetite, vomiting, constipation, crampy abdominal pain, bone or joint pains, high blood pressure, and anemia.

• #2 5 Signs You Have Lead Poisoning And Should Take Legal Action

  https://www.napolilaw.com/en/article/5-signs-you-have-lead-poisoning-and-should-take-legal-action/

  Individuals with lead poisoning may not present any symptoms at first. […] Here are a few of the most common signs of lead poisoning: […] Experiencing discomfort in the abdomen is one of the most common signs of lead poisoning. In more severe cases, lead poisoning can contribute to nausea, constipation, or vomiting. […] In children, lead poisoning can inhibit learning and possibly contribute to developing mental disorders later in life like depression or schizophrenia. […] Lead poisoning causes various issues in the reproductive organs of both males and females. […] Lead poisoning can shorten the lifespan of red blood cells, potentially leading to anemia. […] By checking for unique epigenetic alterations to DNA, scientists have identified a correlation between prolonged lead exposure and the development of Parkinson’s.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11312-lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning is caused by exposure to high levels of lead. Symptoms of lead poisoning include headaches, cramps and hyperactivity. […] Symptoms of lead poisoning in children can include: Cramps. Hyperactivity (restlessness, fidgeting and talking too much). Learning problems. Changes in behavior. Headaches. Vomiting. Fatigue. Anemia (not enough hemoglobin in their blood). […] Symptoms that may develop in adults include: Headaches. Abdominal pain. Personality changes. Anemia. Numbness in feet and legs. Loss of sex drive. Infertility. […] Sometimes, children and adults who’ve been exposed to lead have no symptoms. Other times, the symptoms of lead poisoning won’t appear right away. When they do occur, the symptoms may develop over several weeks or months. Sometimes, symptoms flare up sporadically (at irregular times).

• #2 Lead Poisoning Effects | Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital

  https://www.mwph.org/health-services/lead-treatment/poisoning-effects

  Lead is a neurotoxic substance that has been shown in numerous research studies to affect brain function and development. Children who have been exposed to elevated levels of lead (5 ug/dl) are at increased risk for cognitive and behavioral problems during development (CDC, 2012). […] Exposure to lead can result in a variety of effects upon neuropsychological functioning including deficits in general intellectual functioning, ability to sustain attention on tasks, organization of thinking and behavior, speech articulation, language comprehension and production, learning and memory efficiency, fine motor skills, high activity level, reduced problem solving flexibility and poor behavioral self-control. […] The outcome of these neuropsychological deficits for the child is often quite debilitating and include poor academic learning and performance as well as problems with the development of appropriate social relationships.

• #2 Chronic Lead Exposure: A Non-Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://biausa.org/public-affairs/public-awareness/news/chronic-lead-exposure-a-non-traumatic-brain-injury

  Lead poisoning is not a threat of the past. It is a current, real danger. […] Lead exposure leads to reduced IQ in children, and this reduction in IQ carries on into adulthood. It also causes attention deficit disorders and has been linked to both Parkinson’s disease and, more recently, Alzheimer’s. […] All levels of lead exposure have adverse effects on the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that if this exposure happens early in life, it can cause neurodegeneration later in life. […] In children, signs of exposure can include behavioral symptoms such as aggression, hyperactivity, and refusal to play, as well as physical symptoms such as nausea, stomachaches, lethargy, and anemia. Chronic exposure may also result in a loss of coordination, numbness or tingling in the extremities, and difficulty concentrating.

• #2 Symptoms of Lead Exposure

  https://www.nj.gov/health/childhood-lead/symptoms/

  Infants might experience difficulties with feeding, including problems with sucking or swallowing. […] Lead exposure can contribute to delays in speech and language development, affecting the child’s ability to communicate effectively. […] Some preschoolers may exhibit increased levels of hyperactivity and have difficulty concentrating. […] Long-term exposure during this critical developmental stage may result in a lower IQ. […] Schedule regular check-ups for your child, even if they seem healthy. Routine blood tests can detect lead levels before symptoms show. […] Children don’t always show symptoms of lead poisoning. However, persistent stomach pain, nausea, and joint pain are a few symptoms to look out for.

• #2 Lead Poisoning Adults & Lead Poisoning – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/lead-poisoning-adults-and-lead-poisoning.page

  Lead exposure can cause high blood pressure and brain, kidney and reproductive health issues in adults. Symptoms of lead poisoning include headaches, stomach cramps, constipation, muscle/joint pain, trouble sleeping, fatigue, irritability, and loss of sex drive. Most adults with lead poisoning don’t look or feel sick. […] If you think you may have been exposed to lead, answer the questions in the self-assessment guide below. See your doctor for a venous blood lead test if you answer yes to any of the questions in the self-assessment guide. […] Pregnant women and their fetuses may also be at risk for lead poisoning.

• #2 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Early symptoms of lead poisoning in adults are commonly nonspecific and include depression, loss of appetite, intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and muscle pain. Other early signs in adults include malaise, fatigue, decreased libido, and problems with sleep. An unusual taste in the mouth and personality changes are also early signs. […] In adults, symptoms can occur at levels above 40 g/dL, but are more likely to occur only above 50-60 g/dL. Symptoms begin to appear in children generally at around 60 g/dL. However, the lead levels at which symptoms appear vary widely depending on unknown characteristics of each individual. […] At blood lead levels between 25 and 60 g/dL, neuropsychiatric effects such as delayed reaction times, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, as well as slowed motor nerve conduction and headache can occur. Anemia may appear at blood lead levels higher than 50 g/dL.

• #2 Uncommon Sources and Some Unsual Manifestations of Lead Poisoning in a Tropical Developing Country

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3289276/

  Lead poisoning has been known since ancient times and is recognized worldwide in adults and in children. The symptoms and signs of lead poisoning are not pathognomonic and are commonly encountered in other diseases. Chronic lead poisoning can manifest clinically in one of three forms: (1) the alimentary form characterized by anorexia, vomiting, a metallic taste, constipation or diarrhoea, colicky abdominal pain (lead colic) or abdominal wall rigidity. (2) The neuromuscular form, which is more commonly seen in adults, presents with muscle weakness, myalgias, arthralgias, wrist drop, peripheral neuritis, muscle atrophy, weakness and tremor of forearm extensors. (3) The cerebral or the neuropsychiatric form, more commonly seen in children, is characterized by irritability, sleeplessness, encephalopathy, headache, dizziness, memory problems, confusion, loss of vision and convulsions.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, Testing & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11312-lead-poisoning

  Low blood lead levels in your child can affect virtually all the organs and systems in their body. These effects can include: Behavioral problems. Learning difficulties. Lowered IQ (intelligence quotient). Hyperactivity. Growth delay. Hearing problems. […] Higher blood lead levels can cause seizures and comas. In very rare cases, it can be fatal. […] Lead poisoning in adults can lead to serious health effects. These effects can include: High blood pressure (hypertension). Kidney problems. Reproductive issues.

• #2 Lead poisoning

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/emergencies-and-first-aid/lead-poisoning

  In extreme cases lead poisoning can cause convulsions, coma or death. […] High levels of lead exposure can cause symptoms such as: vomiting, stomach pains, difficulty sleeping, constipation, loss of appetite, reduced IQ, poor behaviour. […] If untreated, very high blood lead levels can cause more serious problems, and lead to brain damage or even death. […] Symptoms of lead poisoning are similar to many other health conditions. If you or your tamariki have any of these symptoms and think you may have had lead exposure, visit a healthcare provider or call Healthline on 0800 611 116. […] There is no safe blood level of lead. Depending on the results of the test, your healthcare provider will recommend future testing to check your levels. If your levels are very high they might suggest treatment.

• #2 Lead poisoning

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/emergencies-and-first-aid/lead-poisoning

  Too much exposure to lead can cause lead poisoning and associated health problems. It can take months or years to develop lead poisoning if you are exposed to a small amount. A lot of lead exposure can quickly lead to more serious lead poisoning. […] The early stages of lead poisoning are not specific. They can affect your nervous system and cause symptoms such as: mood changes such as depression or irritability, memory issues, sleep issues, headaches, tingling and numbness in fingers and hands. […] Lead can also affect your stomach and intestinal symptoms. This can cause: lack of appetite, nausea, runny poos (diarrhoea), dry poos or difficulty pooing (constipation), stomach pains, weight loss, irritability or impaired mood. […] In later stages, lead poisoning can affect your blood, kidneys, bones, heart or reproductive systems.

• #2 Lead poisoning – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/lead-poisoning

  There are many possible symptoms of lead poisoning. Lead can affect many different parts of the body. A single high dose of lead can cause severe emergency symptoms. […] However, it is more common for lead poisoning to occur slowly over time. This results from repeated exposure to small amounts of lead. In this case, there may not be any obvious symptoms. Over time, even low levels of lead exposure can harm a child’s mental development. The health problems get worse as the level of lead in the blood gets higher. […] Lead is much more harmful to children than adults because it can affect children’s developing nerves and brains. The younger the child, the more harmful lead can be. Unborn children are the most vulnerable. […] The symptoms of lead poisoning may include: Abdominal pain and cramping (usually the first sign of a high, toxic dose of lead), Aggressive behavior, Anemia (low red blood cell count), Constipation, Difficulty getting pregnant, Difficulty sleeping, Headaches, Hearing loss, Irritability, Loss of previous developmental skills (in young children), Low appetite and energy, Reduced sensations. […] Very high levels of lead may cause vomiting, internal bleeding, staggering walk, muscle weakness, seizures, or coma.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  Most people with lead poisoning don’t present any symptoms at all, resulting in the vast majority of cases going undiagnosed. It’s not until a dangerous amount of lead has built up in the body that many of the signs and symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, and pain begin to appear. […] Because lead poisoning builds up over time, symptoms are often not as immediate or as recognizable as you would get with an infectious disease like a cold or the flu. […] How quickly they appear if they appear at all and how obvious they are when they do will depend on the person, and many of the symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to other things, making them easy to overlook or dismiss. […] That being said, there are a few things that could indicate a person has lead poisoning. These include: Decreased cognitive abilities, especially reduced ability to focus on, learn, and remember new things, Fatigue, Irritability, Abdominal pain or „stomach aches”, Headache, Constipation, Loss of appetite, Tingling in the hands or feet.

• #2

  https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=1203&toxid=22

  Exposure to high amounts can cause dullness, irritability, poor attention span, epigastric pain, constipation, vomiting, convulsions, coma, and death. High exposure in children can leave residual cognitive deficits. […] Exposure to high amounts of lead may induce encephalopathy. Symptoms develop after repeated exposures and may include dullness, irritability, poor attention span, epigastric pain, constipation, vomiting, convulsions, coma, and death. […] Children are more vulnerable to lead poisoning and more sensitive to the health effects of lead than adults. […] Symptoms of acute lead poisoning may include muscle weakness with muscle and joint pain, paresthesias, depression, and headache. More severe acute or chronic exposure may result in anxiety, delirium, hallucinations, memory loss, insomnia, loss of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and encephalopathy.

• #2

  https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=1203&toxid=22

  The main concern of long-term exposure to lead is the development of neurobehavioral alterations in children following prenatal (in utero) and/or postnatal exposure. Studies suggest that IQ declines with increasing blood lead concentrations and that decrements in IQ can occur at blood lead levels below 10 g/dL. […] Chronic lead exposure also has been associated with alterations in kidney function and anemia, and a slight but significant increase in systolic blood pressure in middle age individuals. […] Lead poisoning during infancy or childhood has resulted in diminished cognitive function and hypertension in adulthood.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/lead-poisoning

  A high, toxic dose of lead poisoning may result in emergency symptoms. These include: severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, muscle weakness, stumbling when walking, seizures, coma, encephalopathy, which manifests as confusion, coma, and seizures. […] Even with treatment, it can be hard to reverse the effects of chronic exposure. […] In children, recovery can take time. Even low lead exposure can cause permanent intellectual disability.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  Even low levels of exposure can lead to kidney damage and hypertension and contribute to the onset of coronary artery disease. Exposure during childhood or pregnancy is linked to learning disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and antisocial behaviors. In adults, chronic lead exposure is linked to psychiatric problems and a decline in cognitive function. […] With chelation therapy (using agents that bind to lead and remove it from the body in urine), the effects of lead poisoning on the kidneys and blood may be reversed. However, damage to the brain and nervous system may be irreversible. […] Lead is a possible carcinogen, although studies are mixed as to the actual risk of cancer and at what level of exposure the risk increases. […] At high levels of exposure, lead poisoning can cause encephalitis (brain inflammation), leading to seizures, coma, and death from cardiorespiratory arrest. Chronic lead poisoning is associated with a reduced life expectancy, mainly due to heart disease.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  What are the symptoms of acute lead poisoning? Acute lead poisoning is caused by an intense exposure to lead over a short period of time. Symptoms include: Abdominal pain, Nausea or vomiting, Diarrhea or constipation, Loss of appetite, Metallic taste, Generalized pain, Muscle weakness, Pins and needles sensations. […] What are the signs of lead poisoning in children? Because of their smaller size, children are more likely to develop symptoms sooner and show more profound neurological signs, such as irritability, learning difficulties, sluggishness, clumsiness, hearing loss, and pica (eating non-food substances like dirt or paint chips). Developmental delays and seizures are also possible. […] Lead poisoning during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and low birth weight. It can slow growth and weight gain in newborns and may cause damage to the child’s brain, kidneys, and nervous system. Conversely, lead poisoning can lower the sperm count and make it difficult to conceive.

• #2 Lead Poisoning Is Still a Major Problem — Here’s How it Impacts Our Health | Discover Magazine

  https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/lead-poisoning-is-still-a-major-problem-heres-how-it-impacts-our-health

  Lead poisoning can negatively affect all organs. The organ that is the most at the forefront is the brain, Goodwin says. [Lead is] evident in lowering IQs and causing personality changes. […] Children ages two to four years old with high lead levels had decreased motor skills and language development. They also displayed depression, aggression, and sleep problems. […] Another study in the review found that children ages six to twelve with high lead levels showed slow cognitive functioning and delayed reactions. They also had a flat affect, meaning they lacked facial expressions and voice intonations. […] Older adults were also affected. In one study, people ages 50 to 60 with lead poisoning had memory issues and difficulty learning new information. They struggled with problem-solving and executive functioning.

• #2 Unusual Sources of Lead Poisoning | Poison Control

  https://www.poison.org/articles/unusual-sources-of-lead-poisoning

  Symptoms of lead poisoning can be vague: stomach pain, fussiness, trouble concentrating, and loss of appetite could be due to many things besides lead. […] Lead poisoning damages the nervous system but the symptoms can be misleading. […] Unusual sources of lead can cause effects ranging from mild abdominal symptoms to seizures, coma, and death. […] Children with lead poisoning may have lower IQ scores, difficulty with reading and math, and such behavior issues as attention deficit disorders and delinquency. […] Lead poisoning is diagnosed with a blood test.

• #2 Lead Poisoning Can Be Easily Misdiagnosed as Acute Porphyria and Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5467293/

  The abdominal pain generally does not occur until lead levels are very high. The blood lead levels associated with abdominal pain are reported in the literature to range from 46 to 200g/dL. […] At low blood levels (up to 10g/dL), nonspecific symptoms are common, including malaise, anorexia, and irritability. Extremely high blood lead levels (70g/dL) could result in cerebral edema, encephalopathy with confusion, drowsiness, coma or seizures, and even death. […] The classical features of LP include abdominal pain (lead colic), anemia with basophilic stippling of red cells, blue-black gum deposits (Burton line), and lead line on joint radiography. […] Making a diagnosis based on the classical clinical features such as abdominal pain and anemia is difficult because these are nonspecific features.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. Exposure to very high levels of lead can severely damage the brain and central nervous system causing coma, convulsions and even death. […] At lower levels of exposure that may have no obvious symptoms, lead can lead to a spectrum of injury across multiple body systems. In particular, lead can permanently affect childrens brain development, resulting in reduced intelligence quotient (IQ), behavioural changes including reduced attention span and increased antisocial behaviour, and reduced educational attainment. Lead exposure also causes anaemia, hypertension, renal impairment, immunotoxicity and toxicity to the reproductive organs. […] There is no known safe blood lead concentration; even blood lead concentrations as low as 3.5 g/dL may be associated with decreased intelligence in children, behavioural difficulties and learning problems.

• #2 Lead poisoning

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/emergencies-and-first-aid/lead-poisoning

  For more severe cases of lead poisoning, your healthcare provider might recommend chelation therapy. […] Some adults with very high levels of lead, or tamariki who cannot tolerate the medicine may be treated with chelation medication given by injection. […] If you cannot remove lead from your environment, you might be able to reduce the chances of it causing issues.

• #2 Lead Poisoning – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  If the level of lead in the blood is high, symptoms of brain damage (encephalopathy) usually develop. Lower blood levels that are sustained for longer periods of time sometimes cause long-term intellectual deficits. […] Even after treatment, many children with encephalopathy develop some degree of permanent brain damage. Kidney damage is also sometimes permanent.

• #2 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/lead-poisoning-pro

  Lead poisoning symptoms […] The severity of lead poisoning symptoms often correlates with blood levels, and at high levels the following may be seen: […] Encephalopathy – more common in children, characterised by seizures, mania, delirium and coma, death. […] Chronic lead poisoning […] Aggression. […] Antisocial behaviour. […] Headaches. […] Hearing loss. […] Subfertility. […] Foot drop – due to motor peripheral neuropathy. […] Wrist drop – this is a late sign. […] Carpal tunnel syndrome. […] Gout. […] Autonomic dysfunction. […] Lead poisoning prognosis […] Cases of acute lead encephalopathy in children still occur and can result in severe neurological damage, seizure disorders, depressed school function and learning disabilities. […] Adults tend to fare better but long-term effects can include distal motor neuropathies, depressive disorders, aggressive behaviour, defects in sexual performance and fertility problems. […] Evidence suggests that childhood lead exposure may raise the risk of adult neurodegenerative disease, particularly dementia.

• #3 Lead poisoning – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/lead-poisoning

  There are many possible symptoms of lead poisoning. Lead can affect many different parts of the body. A single high dose of lead can cause severe emergency symptoms. […] However, it is more common for lead poisoning to occur slowly over time. This results from repeated exposure to small amounts of lead. In this case, there may not be any obvious symptoms. Over time, even low levels of lead exposure can harm a child’s mental development. The health problems get worse as the level of lead in the blood gets higher. […] Lead is much more harmful to children than adults because it can affect children’s developing nerves and brains. The younger the child, the more harmful lead can be. Unborn children are the most vulnerable. […] The symptoms of lead poisoning may include: Abdominal pain and cramping (usually the first sign of a high, toxic dose of lead), Aggressive behavior, Anemia (low red blood cell count), Constipation, Difficulty getting pregnant, Difficulty sleeping, Headaches, Hearing loss, Irritability, Loss of previous developmental skills (in young children), Low appetite and energy, Reduced sensations. […] Very high levels of lead may cause vomiting, internal bleeding, staggering walk, muscle weakness, seizures, or coma.

• #3 Adult Lead Poisoning | Florida Department of Health

  https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/lead-poisoning/adults.html

  Chronic poisoning usually presents with symptoms affecting multiple systems, it is associated with three main types of symptoms: gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and neurological. […] Signs of chronic exposure include loss of short-term memory or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, numbness and tingling in the extremities, fatigue, problems with sleep, headache, stupor, slurred speech, anemia, „lead hue” of the skin with pallor, a blue line along the gum, with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as burton line, high blood pressure, declines in mental functioning, memory loss, mood disorders, reduced sperm count, abnormal sperm, and miscarriage or premature birth in pregnant women.

• #3 Symptoms of Lead Exposure | Lead in the Workplace | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/lead/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Symptoms of lead exposure are similar to other illnesses, so lead poisoning may be missed. […] Abdominal pain is one symptom of lead exposure. […] If you are exposed to high levels of lead over a short period of time, you may experience: Metallic taste, Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea or constipation, Dehydration, headache, exhaustion, irritability, weakness, Appetite loss, Memory loss, Pain or tingling in your hands or feet. […] If you are exposed to lead over long periods of time, you may experience: Abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation, Depression, irritability, and altered moods or behaviors, Distraction and forgetfulness, Increased blood pressure. […] Symptoms may occur slowly, so health professions may overlook lead poisoning as the cause.

• #3 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  In adults, abdominal colic, involving paroxysms of pain, may appear at blood lead levels greater than 80 g/dL. Signs that occur in adults at blood lead levels exceeding 100 g/dL include wrist drop and foot drop, and signs of encephalopathy (a condition characterized by brain swelling), such as those that accompany increased pressure within the skull, delirium, coma, seizures, and headache. […] In children, signs of encephalopathy such as bizarre behavior, discoordination, and apathy occur at lead levels exceeding 70 g/dL. For both adults and children, it is rare to be asymptomatic if blood lead levels exceed 100 g/dL. […] Chronic poisoning usually presents with symptoms affecting multiple systems, but is associated with three main types of symptoms: gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, and neurological. Central nervous system and neuromuscular symptoms usually result from intense exposure, while gastrointestinal symptoms usually result from exposure over longer periods. Signs of chronic exposure include loss of short-term memory or concentration, depression, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of coordination, and numbness and tingling in the extremities.

• #3 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Fatigue, problems with sleep, headaches, stupor, slurred speech, and anemia are also found in chronic lead poisoning. A „lead hue” of the skin with pallor and/or lividity is another feature. A blue line along the gum with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as a Burton line, is another indication of chronic lead poisoning. […] The classic signs and symptoms in children are loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, constipation, anemia, kidney failure, irritability, lethargy, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. Slow development of normal childhood behaviors, such as talking and use of words, and permanent intellectual disability are both commonly seen.

• #3 Lead Poisoning Effects | Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital

  https://www.mwph.org/health-services/lead-treatment/poisoning-effects

  Checklist of Possible Neuropsychological Problems Associated with Lead: Delayed language or motor milestones (infant, toddler), Poor speech articulation, Poor language understanding or usage, Problems maintaining attention in school or home, High activity level (hyperactivity), Problems with learning and remembering new information, Rigid, inflexible problem-solving abilities, Delayed general intellectual abilities, Learning problems in school (reading, language, math, writing), Problems controlling behavior (e.g., aggressive, impulsive), Problems with fine or gross motor coordination. […] Poor Academic Learning and Performance: Learning disabilities, Problems paying attention, Disorganized approach to learning, Poor work completion, Increased risk to drop out. […] Poor Social Relationships: Communication deficits, Impulsive, hyperactive behavior, Problems sharing and taking turns, Increased aggression, Increased need for adult supervision.

• #3 Lead poisoning

  https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/emergencies-and-first-aid/lead-poisoning

  Too much exposure to lead can cause lead poisoning and associated health problems. It can take months or years to develop lead poisoning if you are exposed to a small amount. A lot of lead exposure can quickly lead to more serious lead poisoning. […] The early stages of lead poisoning are not specific. They can affect your nervous system and cause symptoms such as: mood changes such as depression or irritability, memory issues, sleep issues, headaches, tingling and numbness in fingers and hands. […] Lead can also affect your stomach and intestinal symptoms. This can cause: lack of appetite, nausea, runny poos (diarrhoea), dry poos or difficulty pooing (constipation), stomach pains, weight loss, irritability or impaired mood. […] In later stages, lead poisoning can affect your blood, kidneys, bones, heart or reproductive systems.

• #3 Lead Poisoning Can Be Easily Misdiagnosed as Acute Porphyria and Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5467293/

  Lead poisoning (LP) is less commonly encountered in emergency departments (ED). However, lead exposure still occurs, and new sources of poisoning have emerged. LP often goes unrecognized due to a low index of suspicion and nonspecific symptoms. […] Patients often present with nonspecific symptoms and signs such as abdominal pain, fatigue, anorexia, constipation, headache, irritability, and insomnia. […] The abdominal pain in our patient was characterized as diffuse, severe, intermittent, and colicky pain. This resulted in a misdiagnosis of NSAP. A recent report described that the abdominal pain in LP is usually severe, intermittent, and poorly localized. It is sometimes associated with cramping (i.e., lead colic). It is also associated with gastrointestinal problems such as constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sign of ileus such as abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds.

• #3 Lead Poisoning – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning

  Lead poisoning affects many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, and blood. Children are particularly susceptible because their nervous systems are still developing. […] Very high levels of lead in the blood may cause personality changes, headaches, loss of sensation, weakness, a metallic taste in the mouth, uncoordinated walking, digestive problems, and anemia. […] Many people with mild lead poisoning have no symptoms. Symptoms that do occur usually develop over several weeks or longer. Sometimes symptoms flare up periodically. […] Typical symptoms of lead poisoning include personality changes, headaches, loss of sensation, weakness, a metallic taste in the mouth, uncoordinated walking, poor appetite, vomiting, constipation, crampy abdominal pain, bone or joint pains, high blood pressure, and anemia.

• #3 Lead Poisoning: Signs, Symptoms, and Complications

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/lead-poisoning-signs-symptoms-and-complications-4160770

  It’s important to note that exposure to even low amounts of lead can affect how a person thinks, learns, and grows. For that reason, there is no level of lead that is considered to be safe especially for young children. […] The more lead a person is exposed to, and the more time they are exposed to it, the greater the severity of the symptoms. In rare cases, individuals can develop a purplish discoloration along the gums, commonly referred to as „lead lines,” after prolonged exposure to large amounts of lead. […] Other symptoms that can be seen after moderate or high doses of lead include: Constipation, Tremors, Unintentional weight loss, Vomiting, Severe abdominal cramping, Loss of consciousness, Nerve damage, include muscle weakness and paralysis, Brain injury, which can cause seizures or loss of consciousness.

• #3 Lead Poisoning Is Still a Major Problem — Here’s How it Impacts Our Health | Discover Magazine

  https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/lead-poisoning-is-still-a-major-problem-heres-how-it-impacts-our-health

  Lead poisoning can negatively affect all organs. The organ that is the most at the forefront is the brain, Goodwin says. [Lead is] evident in lowering IQs and causing personality changes. […] Children ages two to four years old with high lead levels had decreased motor skills and language development. They also displayed depression, aggression, and sleep problems. […] Another study in the review found that children ages six to twelve with high lead levels showed slow cognitive functioning and delayed reactions. They also had a flat affect, meaning they lacked facial expressions and voice intonations. […] Older adults were also affected. In one study, people ages 50 to 60 with lead poisoning had memory issues and difficulty learning new information. They struggled with problem-solving and executive functioning.

• #3 Chronic Lead Exposure: A Non-Traumatic Brain Injury

  https://biausa.org/public-affairs/public-awareness/news/chronic-lead-exposure-a-non-traumatic-brain-injury

  Adults who suffered childhood lead exposure were shown to have decreased brain volume, mainly in the prefrontal cortex, affecting fine motor control and executive functioning skills. […] Like other brain injuries, lead poisoning is a condition with long-lasting effects. Those who are exposed to the toxin early in life will need adequate resources and consistent support to help them cope with the various neurological deficits they will incur as they age.

• #3

  https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=1203&toxid=22

  The main concern of long-term exposure to lead is the development of neurobehavioral alterations in children following prenatal (in utero) and/or postnatal exposure. Studies suggest that IQ declines with increasing blood lead concentrations and that decrements in IQ can occur at blood lead levels below 10 g/dL. […] Chronic lead exposure also has been associated with alterations in kidney function and anemia, and a slight but significant increase in systolic blood pressure in middle age individuals. […] Lead poisoning during infancy or childhood has resulted in diminished cognitive function and hypertension in adulthood.

• #3 Lead Poisoning Is Still a Major Problem — Here’s How it Impacts Our Health | Discover Magazine

  https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/lead-poisoning-is-still-a-major-problem-heres-how-it-impacts-our-health

  Lead poisoning can also lead to a variety of physical issues, including stomach pain, nausea, headaches, and fatigue. Adults can also experience high blood pressure, kidney issues, anemia, and issues with their muscle coordination. […] The researchers looked at data from 1940 to 2015 and analyzed blood lead levels for children during this time. They found that exposure to lead increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). […] Similarly, a 2019 study in JAMA Psychiatry followed 579 New Zealand children over three decades and found that children exposed to lead were more likely to grow up to have anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, or substance abuse issues.

• #3 Lead Poisoning Can Be Easily Misdiagnosed as Acute Porphyria and Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5467293/

  Symptoms such as abdominal pain, subtle mood change, headache, irritability, or neuropathy warrant treatment with parenteral chelation. […] Chelation therapy is needed in more severe cases based on whole-blood lead levels and the presence of symptoms. […] Lead toxicity is reversible if diagnosed early by removal of the sources of exposure and early chelation therapy. LP may be fatal if the diagnosis is delayed or untreated. […] This report provides physicians with the awareness that LP can be misdiagnosed as NSAP and acute porphyria. Testing for heme precursors in urine is the key to the differential diagnosis between LP and acute porphyria.

• #4 Lead poisoning – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

  Fatigue, problems with sleep, headaches, stupor, slurred speech, and anemia are also found in chronic lead poisoning. A „lead hue” of the skin with pallor and/or lividity is another feature. A blue line along the gum with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as a Burton line, is another indication of chronic lead poisoning. […] The classic signs and symptoms in children are loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, constipation, anemia, kidney failure, irritability, lethargy, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. Slow development of normal childhood behaviors, such as talking and use of words, and permanent intellectual disability are both commonly seen.

• #4 Lead poisoning | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/lead-poisoning/

  Exposure to lead can be harmful especially to unborn babies and young children. Infants and young children absorb a greater proportion of ingested lead than adults. […] The signs and symptoms in young children can include: irritability and fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, hearing loss, developmental delay and learning difficulties. […] Although children are at increased risk of the effects of lead poisoning, exposure can also result in illness in adults. […] Symptoms in adults can include: high blood pressure, abdominal pain, constipation, joint and muscle pain, pain, numbness or tingling of the extremities, headache, miscarriage or premature birth in pregnant women, fatigue, memory loss. […] Even if you are experiencing these symptoms, it doesn’t always mean you have lead poisoning. If you or your children are experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your GP.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health

  Lead exposure can have serious consequences for the health of children. Exposure to very high levels of lead can severely damage the brain and central nervous system causing coma, convulsions and even death. […] At lower levels of exposure that may have no obvious symptoms, lead can lead to a spectrum of injury across multiple body systems. In particular, lead can permanently affect childrens brain development, resulting in reduced intelligence quotient (IQ), behavioural changes including reduced attention span and increased antisocial behaviour, and reduced educational attainment. Lead exposure also causes anaemia, hypertension, renal impairment, immunotoxicity and toxicity to the reproductive organs. […] There is no known safe blood lead concentration; even blood lead concentrations as low as 3.5 g/dL may be associated with decreased intelligence in children, behavioural difficulties and learning problems.

• #4 Lead Poisoning – Gynecological & Obstetrical Associates

  https://gynob.net/womens-health/health-library?DOCHWID=hw119898

  Lead poisoning occurs when you absorb too much lead by breathing or swallowing a substance with lead in it, such as paint, dust, water, or food. Lead can damage almost every organ system. […] In children, symptoms can include: Damage to the brain and nervous system. Children may be smaller than other kids the same age. Behavior problems, such as acting angry, moody, or hyperactive. Learning problems. Lack of energy, and not feeling hungry. Vomiting, constipation, or stomach pain. […] In adults, lead poisoning can cause: Changes in behavior, mood, personality, and sleep patterns. Memory loss and trouble thinking clearly. Weakness and muscle problems. Headaches. Vomiting, constipation, or stomach pain. Severe cases can cause seizures, paralysis, and coma.

• #4 Lead Poisoning Can Be Easily Misdiagnosed as Acute Porphyria and Nonspecific Abdominal Pain

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5467293/

  The abdominal pain generally does not occur until lead levels are very high. The blood lead levels associated with abdominal pain are reported in the literature to range from 46 to 200g/dL. […] At low blood levels (up to 10g/dL), nonspecific symptoms are common, including malaise, anorexia, and irritability. Extremely high blood lead levels (70g/dL) could result in cerebral edema, encephalopathy with confusion, drowsiness, coma or seizures, and even death. […] The classical features of LP include abdominal pain (lead colic), anemia with basophilic stippling of red cells, blue-black gum deposits (Burton line), and lead line on joint radiography. […] Making a diagnosis based on the classical clinical features such as abdominal pain and anemia is difficult because these are nonspecific features.

• #4 Lead – Health Effects | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  https://www.osha.gov/lead/health-effects

  Workers today are still being exposed to lead that result in adverse health effects. […] Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that chronic exposure resulting in blood lead levels (BLL) as low as 10 µg/dL in adults are associated with impaired kidney function, high blood pressure, nervous system and neurobehavioral effects, cognitive dysfunction later in life, and subtle cognitive effects attributed to prenatal exposure. […] Chronic exposures leading to BLLs above 20 µg/dL can cause subclinical effects on cognitive functions as well as adverse effects on sperm/semen quality and delayed conception. BLLs between 20 to 40 µg/dL are associated with effects such as cognitive aging as well as deficits in visuomotor dexterity, lower reaction times and attention deficit. At BBLs above 40 µg/dL, workers begin to experience symptoms such as headache, fatigue, sleep disturbance, joint pain, myalgia, anorexia, and constipation.

• #4 Lead Poisoning: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/doctor/lead-poisoning-pro

  Lead poisoning symptoms […] The severity of lead poisoning symptoms often correlates with blood levels, and at high levels the following may be seen: […] Encephalopathy – more common in children, characterised by seizures, mania, delirium and coma, death. […] Chronic lead poisoning […] Aggression. […] Antisocial behaviour. […] Headaches. […] Hearing loss. […] Subfertility. […] Foot drop – due to motor peripheral neuropathy. […] Wrist drop – this is a late sign. […] Carpal tunnel syndrome. […] Gout. […] Autonomic dysfunction. […] Lead poisoning prognosis […] Cases of acute lead encephalopathy in children still occur and can result in severe neurological damage, seizure disorders, depressed school function and learning disabilities. […] Adults tend to fare better but long-term effects can include distal motor neuropathies, depressive disorders, aggressive behaviour, defects in sexual performance and fertility problems. […] Evidence suggests that childhood lead exposure may raise the risk of adult neurodegenerative disease, particularly dementia.

• #4 Lead Poisoning | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/lead-poisoning

  Most lead-poisoned children do not show any signs of the disease. Some, however, may be easily excited, unable to pay attention, have stomachaches, or be more tired than usual. Lead-poisoned children may have learning and behavior problems as they grow older. Children with very high lead levels may develop seizures, become unconscious, or even die. […] The primary treatment for both adults and children is to reduce exposure to lead. The primary medical treatment is frequently monitoring the patients blood-lead levels to determine whether exposure to lead is actually being reduced. […] The reduction of exposure to lead will cause blood-lead levels to drop and will prevent further damage. However, any neurological damage that has already resulted from lead exposure cannot be reversed.

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