Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The substrate for AVNRT is the presence of dual AV nodal pathways that are bounded by Kochs triangle generally a slow and a fast pathway but sometimes two slow pathways. […] The substrate for atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is anatomic. AVNRT occurs in young, healthy patients but also in those with chronic heart disease. […] In patients with AVNRT, two pathways connect into the AV node and help form part of the reentrant circuit. […] In the majority of patients with AVNRT, antegrade conduction occurs over the slow pathway, and retrograde conduction occurs over the fast pathway during AVNRT. […] In most patients with AVNRT, the tachycardia is initiated when an atrial premature complex is blocked in the fast pathway but can conduct via the slow pathway.

• #2 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html

  The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women. However, some patients do have underlying heart disease, such as pericarditis, previous myocardial infarction, or mitral valve prolapse. The coexistence of slow and fast pathways in atrioventricular nodal tissue is the basis of aberrant substrate for reentrant tachyarrhythmias. […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. Less commonly, increased automaticity or triggered activity can be the mechanism and usually results in a narrow complex tachycardia. […] AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent).

• #3 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/EKG/AtrvntrclrNdlRntry.htm

  Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry (AVNRT) is a form of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (60% of cases) in which reentry occurs within the AV Node. […] The AV Node in AVNRT contains two pathways (one slow and one fast). […] Reentry Supraventricular Tachycardia in which the reentry occurs within the AV Node. […] Circuit is composed of two pathways, one slow and one fast. […] Reentry episode may be triggered by a Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC). […] Most common overall (60 to 66% of cases) type of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT). […] Typically there is no underlying structural heart disease. […] Increased onset with low Estrogen and high Progesterone states.

• #4 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499936/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is usually not prevalent in patients with structural heart disease. The anatomy of the reentrant circuit defines the type of AVNRT present. A slow-fast AVNRT accounts for 90% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway. Fast-slow AVNRT represents approximately 5% to 10% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway. Slow-slow AVNRTs account for 1% to 5% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by slow AV nodal pathways and retrograde conduction by slow atrial fibers.[10][11] […] The prevalence of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia globally is similar to the United States. Close to 60% of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is AVNRT, with approximately two-thirds of that in women. A study found that the majority of patients presenting with symptoms due to AVNRT are in their twenties, but some patients might present with AVNRT in their seventh or eighth decade.[12]

• #5 AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

  https://www.uabmedicine.org/specialties/av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/

  Atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia, or AVNRT, is a condition in which the hearts rhythm is too fast. […] AVNRT is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia, and it is more common in women than men (approximately 75% of cases occur in females). […] Frequent AVNRT attacks may require a treatment called radiofrequency ablation, in which the tissue in the heart that is causing the fast rhythm is destroyed.

• #6 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The substrate for AVNRT is the presence of dual AV nodal pathways that are bounded by Kochs triangle generally a slow and a fast pathway but sometimes two slow pathways. […] The substrate for atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is anatomic. AVNRT occurs in young, healthy patients but also in those with chronic heart disease. […] In patients with AVNRT, two pathways connect into the AV node and help form part of the reentrant circuit. […] In the majority of patients with AVNRT, antegrade conduction occurs over the slow pathway, and retrograde conduction occurs over the fast pathway during AVNRT. […] In most patients with AVNRT, the tachycardia is initiated when an atrial premature complex is blocked in the fast pathway but can conduct via the slow pathway.

• #7 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Current Perspectives | RRCC

  https://www.dovepress.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRCC

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common, highly symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The electrophysiological mechanism relies on a dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology, including a fast and a slow pathway, having different refractory periods. […] The refractory periods of the pathways are, in fact, the main determinants of AVNRT occurrence, and only some patients with dual AV node physiology will experience arrhythmias. […] The anatomical substrate underlying AVNRT is included in a triangular region, called Kochs triangle, enclosed by the tricuspid annulus, the tendon of Todaro and the coronary sinus ostium. […] The AVNRT substrate includes two different pathways of the AV node, the fast one located more anteriorly and the slow one located more posteriorly, close to the coronary sinus ostium.

• #8 AVNRT | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/avnrt/24391766

  AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, is a type of tachycardia (fast rhythm) of the heart. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia is the most common regular supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT occurs when a reentry circuit forms within or just next to the atrioventricular node. […] The circuit usually involves two anatomical pathways: the fast pathway and the slow pathway, which are both in the right atrium. […] The slow pathway (which is usually targeted for ablation) is located inferior and slightly posterior to the AV node, often following the anterior margin of the coronary sinus. […] The fast pathway is usually located just superior and posterior to the AV node. […] In AVNRT, the fast and slow pathways are located within the right atrium close to or within the AV node and exhibit electrophysiologic properties similar to AV nodal tissue.

• #9 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis

  https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/

  Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is caused by a reentry circuit in or around the AV node. […] The circuit is formed by the creation of two pathways forming the re-entrant circuit, namely the slow and fast pathways. […] The fast pathway is usually anteriorly situated along septal portion of tricuspid annulus with the slow pathway situated posteriorly, close to the coronary sinus ostium. […] Sustained reentry occurs over a circuit comprising the AV node, His Bundle, ventricle, accessory pathway and atrium. […] The various forms of AVNRT can be described in terms of ECG appearance such as R-P intervals or Slow/Fast pathway dominance.

• #10 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://angolodeldottorino.it/en/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia.php

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, characterized by a reentry circuit within the atrioventricular node. […] Its occurrence is associated with the presence of dual conduction pathways within the AV node, a congenital condition present in approximately 30% of the general population. […] The initiation of AVNRT is often triggered by an atrial premature beat (extrasystole), propagating unidirectionally along the slow pathway while the fast pathway is still refractory. […] An increase in sympathetic tone, due to stress, physical exercise, or anxiety, can shorten the refractory period of the fast pathway and increase susceptibility to tachycardia. […] AVNRT develops in individuals with an anatomical predisposition characterized by the presence of dual conduction pathways within the AV node.

• #11 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/structured-content/Condition_AV_Nodal_Reentrant_Tachycardia_-_Cardio_EP.xml?co=/regions/mas

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a disorder of the heart’s electrical system that causes sudden, very rapid heart rate. AVNRT tends to affect generally healthy people. It doesn’t appear to be inherited (genetic). For unknown reasons, women’s risk for AVNRT is higher than men’s. […] Most people have just one pathway within their AV node. About 30 percent of people have two, a slow pathway and a fast pathway. […] AVNRT can be prevented, managed, and sometimes cured with treatment.

• #12 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Current Perspectives | RRCC

  https://www.dovepress.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRCC

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common, highly symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The electrophysiological mechanism relies on a dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology, including a fast and a slow pathway, having different refractory periods. […] The refractory periods of the pathways are, in fact, the main determinants of AVNRT occurrence, and only some patients with dual AV node physiology will experience arrhythmias. […] The anatomical substrate underlying AVNRT is included in a triangular region, called Kochs triangle, enclosed by the tricuspid annulus, the tendon of Todaro and the coronary sinus ostium. […] The AVNRT substrate includes two different pathways of the AV node, the fast one located more anteriorly and the slow one located more posteriorly, close to the coronary sinus ostium.

• #13 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia

  AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of abnormal fast heart rhythm. […] AVNRT occurs when a reentrant circuit forms within or just next to the atrioventricular node. […] The fundamental mechanism of AVNRT is a presence of a dual atrioventricular node physiology (present in half of the population), which acts as a re-entrant circuit within the atrioventricular node. […] This can take several forms. „Typical”, „common”, or „slow-fast” AVNRT uses the slow AV nodal pathway to conduct towards the ventricle (the anterograde limb of the circuit) and the fast AV nodal pathway to conduct to the atria (the retrograde limb). […] Atypical AVNRT may also use the slow AV nodal pathway as the anterograde limb and left atrial fibres that approach the AV node from the left side of the inter-atrial septum as the retrograde limb, and is sometimes referred to as „slow-slow” AVNRT. […] Blood tests commonly performed in people with palpitations are: thyroid function tests (TFTs) an overactive thyroid increases the risk of AVNRT; electrolytes disturbances in potassium, calcium and magnesium may predispose to AVNRT.

• #14 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/avnrt/cdc-20355254

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of irregular heartbeat, also called an arrhythmia. […] The condition is due to a change in heart signaling. There is an extra pathway for heart signals to travel, called a reentrant circuit. That extra pathway causes the heart to beat too early. […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women. But anyone can have it at any age. […] Most people with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) don’t need treatment. But if the fast heartbeat occurs often or lasts a long time, treatment may be needed.

• #15 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The substrate for AVNRT is the presence of dual AV nodal pathways that are bounded by Kochs triangle generally a slow and a fast pathway but sometimes two slow pathways. […] The substrate for atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is anatomic. AVNRT occurs in young, healthy patients but also in those with chronic heart disease. […] In patients with AVNRT, two pathways connect into the AV node and help form part of the reentrant circuit. […] In the majority of patients with AVNRT, antegrade conduction occurs over the slow pathway, and retrograde conduction occurs over the fast pathway during AVNRT. […] In most patients with AVNRT, the tachycardia is initiated when an atrial premature complex is blocked in the fast pathway but can conduct via the slow pathway.

• #16 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview

  Although many patients may have a dual pathway physiology, for AVNRT to occur, the fast pathway must have a longer refractory period antegrade than the slow conducting pathway. […] In approximately 10% of patients, AVNRT is induced by premature ventricular stimulation. […] In addition to the typical mechanism of AV nodal reentry described above, atypical AV nodal reentry can occur in the opposite direction, with antegrade conduction in the fast pathway and retrograde conduction in the slow pathway. […] Less commonly, the reentrant circuit can be over two slow pathways, the so-called slow-slow AV nodal reentry.

• #17 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499936/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is usually not prevalent in patients with structural heart disease. The anatomy of the reentrant circuit defines the type of AVNRT present. A slow-fast AVNRT accounts for 90% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway. Fast-slow AVNRT represents approximately 5% to 10% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway. Slow-slow AVNRTs account for 1% to 5% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by slow AV nodal pathways and retrograde conduction by slow atrial fibers.[10][11] […] The prevalence of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia globally is similar to the United States. Close to 60% of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is AVNRT, with approximately two-thirds of that in women. A study found that the majority of patients presenting with symptoms due to AVNRT are in their twenties, but some patients might present with AVNRT in their seventh or eighth decade.[12]

• #18 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/heart-health/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia/?utm_source=pubmedlink&utm_campaign=MDS&utm_content=17974

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, a type of heart rhythm disorder, isn’t typically found in people with structural heart issues. The type of this disorder depends on the path the electrical impulses take through the heart’s natural pacemaker, the AV node. […] The most common type, slow-fast AVNRT, makes up about 90% of cases. In this type, the electrical signals move forwards through the slow pathway of the AV node and backwards through the fast pathway. […] Fast-slow AVNRT is the next most common and comprises about 5-10% of cases. Here, electrical signals move forward through the fast AV node pathway and backwards through the slow pathway. […] The rarest type is slow-slow AVNRT, accounting for only 1-5% of cases. In this, electrical impulses travel both forwards and backwards through the slow AV node pathways and slow atrial pathways.

• #19 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The substrate for AVNRT is the presence of dual AV nodal pathways that are bounded by Kochs triangle generally a slow and a fast pathway but sometimes two slow pathways. […] The substrate for atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is anatomic. AVNRT occurs in young, healthy patients but also in those with chronic heart disease. […] In patients with AVNRT, two pathways connect into the AV node and help form part of the reentrant circuit. […] In the majority of patients with AVNRT, antegrade conduction occurs over the slow pathway, and retrograde conduction occurs over the fast pathway during AVNRT. […] In most patients with AVNRT, the tachycardia is initiated when an atrial premature complex is blocked in the fast pathway but can conduct via the slow pathway.

• #20 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17974

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is usually not prevalent in patients with structural heart disease. […] The anatomy of the reentrant circuit defines the type of AVNRT present. A slow-fast AVNRT accounts for 90% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway. Fast-slow AVNRT represents approximately 5% to 10% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by the fast AV nodal pathway and retrograde conduction by the slow AV nodal pathway. Slow-slow AVNRTs account for 1% to 5% of AVNRTs with anterograde conduction by slow AV nodal pathways and retrograde conduction by slow atrial fibers.

• #21 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a regular supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) that results from the formation of a reentry circuit confined to the AV node and perinodal atrial tissue. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) generally requires the existence of dual electrical pathways in the AV node. […] The physiologic substrate for AVNRT usually involves dual (ie, fast and slow) electrical pathways that lead to the compact AV node.

• #22 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) – Supraventricular Tachycardias – Supraventricular Arrhythmias – Cardiac Arrhythmias – Cardiovascular Diseases – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.2.6.2.

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a paroxysmal tachycardia that occurs in patients with dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology, as they have both a fast nodal pathway with a longer refractory period and a slow nodal pathway with a shorter refractory period. […] It is most commonly observed in individuals with no underlying structural heart disease.

• #23 Diagnosis and Management of Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1101/p793.html

  Supraventricular tachycardia refers to rapid rhythms that originate and are sustained in atrial or atrioventricular node tissue above the bundle of His. […] The condition is caused by reentry phenomena or automaticity at or above the atrioventricular node, and includes atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, and atrial tachycardia. […] AVNRT is the most common type of SVT in adults. […] The incidence of AVNRT in women is twice that in men. […] It is correlated with lower estrogen levels and higher progesterone levels, and is therefore more common during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and less common during pregnancy. […] AVNRT involves a pattern of reentry in persons who have two pathways in their atrioventricular (AV) node, one slow and one fast.

• #24 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/EKG/AtrvntrclrNdlRntry.htm

  Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry (AVNRT) is a form of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (60% of cases) in which reentry occurs within the AV Node. […] The AV Node in AVNRT contains two pathways (one slow and one fast). […] Reentry Supraventricular Tachycardia in which the reentry occurs within the AV Node. […] Circuit is composed of two pathways, one slow and one fast. […] Reentry episode may be triggered by a Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC). […] Most common overall (60 to 66% of cases) type of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT). […] Typically there is no underlying structural heart disease. […] Increased onset with low Estrogen and high Progesterone states.

• #25 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://angolodeldottorino.it/en/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia.php

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, characterized by a reentry circuit within the atrioventricular node. […] Its occurrence is associated with the presence of dual conduction pathways within the AV node, a congenital condition present in approximately 30% of the general population. […] The initiation of AVNRT is often triggered by an atrial premature beat (extrasystole), propagating unidirectionally along the slow pathway while the fast pathway is still refractory. […] An increase in sympathetic tone, due to stress, physical exercise, or anxiety, can shorten the refractory period of the fast pathway and increase susceptibility to tachycardia. […] AVNRT develops in individuals with an anatomical predisposition characterized by the presence of dual conduction pathways within the AV node.

• #26 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://angolodeldottorino.it/en/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia.php

  Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in modulating AVNRT. […] Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, also influence the electrical stability of the AV node and may increase susceptibility to arrhythmic episodes. […] AVNRT is generally benign, but it may have hemodynamic implications in individuals with underlying heart disease. […] In patients with reduced cardiac reserve, prolonged tachycardia episodes can precipitate hemodynamic compromise. […] AVNRT is classified according to the direction of the reentry circuit and the nodal activation sequence. […] In patients with frequent episodes, disabling symptoms, or inadequate response to pharmacological therapy, radiofrequency catheter ablation is the treatment of choice.

• #27 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia

  AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of abnormal fast heart rhythm. […] AVNRT occurs when a reentrant circuit forms within or just next to the atrioventricular node. […] The fundamental mechanism of AVNRT is a presence of a dual atrioventricular node physiology (present in half of the population), which acts as a re-entrant circuit within the atrioventricular node. […] This can take several forms. „Typical”, „common”, or „slow-fast” AVNRT uses the slow AV nodal pathway to conduct towards the ventricle (the anterograde limb of the circuit) and the fast AV nodal pathway to conduct to the atria (the retrograde limb). […] Atypical AVNRT may also use the slow AV nodal pathway as the anterograde limb and left atrial fibres that approach the AV node from the left side of the inter-atrial septum as the retrograde limb, and is sometimes referred to as „slow-slow” AVNRT. […] Blood tests commonly performed in people with palpitations are: thyroid function tests (TFTs) an overactive thyroid increases the risk of AVNRT; electrolytes disturbances in potassium, calcium and magnesium may predispose to AVNRT.

• #28 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] The electrical impulses that lead to AVNRT occur in otherwise healthy hearts, although it can occur in the context of heart disease. Causes may include a genetic influence, though more study is needed to understand the effects. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Other factors that may increase the risk of AVNRT include: Stress, Caffeine, Certain drugs, including cold and allergy medications, or stimulants like cocaine, Excessive alcohol use, Smoking. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females.

• #29 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/

  AV nodal reentrant tachycardia originates in the AV node. It is due to the presence of an electrical signal pathway called a reentry circuit in the AV node. Patients with AVNRT have 2 functional AV nodal pathways that conduct impulses at different rates and usually are referred to as fast and slow. Episodes of AVNRT can occur spontaneously or may be provoked by multiple factors, including intense exercise, high levels of physiologic stress, consumption of caffeine or alcohol, and use of certain medications, such as beta-antagonists and sympathomimetics. In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.

• #30 AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentHealthline

  https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia

  Atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is an irregular heart rhythm that can cause excessively fast heart rates. […] AVNRT develops when the AV node in the right atrium of your heart also has a reentrant circuit that can cause extra contractions. This results in an unusually high heart rate. […] Some of the possible causes and risk factors for PSVTs like AVNRT include: heart disease, lung disease, high blood pressure, excessive caffeine or alcohol use, drug misuse, smoking, hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and menopause. […] AVNRT is a subtype of SVT. As a form of tachycardia, SVT affects your heart’s AV node and can cause your heart rate to be 160 beats per minute or higher. AVNRT is also a PSVT because symptoms can come and go without any clear triggers.

• #31 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/a/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. People with AVNRT have episodes of an abnormally fast heartbeat (more than 100 beats per minute) that often start and end suddenly. The episodes are due to an extra pathway — called a reentrant circuit — located in or near the AV node that causes the heart to beat prematurely. […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women, but it can affect anyone. […] For some people, a supraventricular tachycardia episode is related to an obvious trigger, such as psychological stress, lack of sleep or physical activity. For others, there may be no noticeable trigger. Things that may lead to, or cause, an episode include: Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Heart disease, Chronic lung disease, Smoking, Drinking too much alcohol, Consuming too much caffeine, Drug use, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, Certain medications, including asthma medications and over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs, Surgery, Pregnancy, Certain health conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #32 What Is Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/heart-circulatory-health/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia can occur in any individual but is more commonly reported among young females. Additionally, it is present in some patients only in their last decades. There are multiple precipitating factors of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Below are some of the elements. […] Emotional stress. […] Caffeine. […] Tobacco. […] Chronic heart disease.

• #33 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/a/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. People with AVNRT have episodes of an abnormally fast heartbeat (more than 100 beats per minute) that often start and end suddenly. The episodes are due to an extra pathway — called a reentrant circuit — located in or near the AV node that causes the heart to beat prematurely. […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women, but it can affect anyone. […] For some people, a supraventricular tachycardia episode is related to an obvious trigger, such as psychological stress, lack of sleep or physical activity. For others, there may be no noticeable trigger. Things that may lead to, or cause, an episode include: Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Heart disease, Chronic lung disease, Smoking, Drinking too much alcohol, Consuming too much caffeine, Drug use, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, Certain medications, including asthma medications and over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs, Surgery, Pregnancy, Certain health conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #34 AVNRT causes – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/AVNRT_causes

  AV nodal reentrant tachycardia results from a reentrant circuit in the AV node. The causes include: Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Mahaim fiber tachycardia, mitral valve prolapse, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. It has also been reported to have a familial etiology. […] Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia is usually not life-threatening. […] Common Causes: Mitral valve prolapse, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. […] Cardiovascular: Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Mahaim fiber tachycardia, mitral valve prolapse, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. […] Genetic: Familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. […] Causes in Alphabetical Order: Familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Mahaim fiber tachycardia, Mitral valve prolapse, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #35 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/

  AV nodal reentrant tachycardia originates in the AV node. It is due to the presence of an electrical signal pathway called a reentry circuit in the AV node. Patients with AVNRT have 2 functional AV nodal pathways that conduct impulses at different rates and usually are referred to as fast and slow. Episodes of AVNRT can occur spontaneously or may be provoked by multiple factors, including intense exercise, high levels of physiologic stress, consumption of caffeine or alcohol, and use of certain medications, such as beta-antagonists and sympathomimetics. In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.

• #36 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia

  AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of abnormal fast heart rhythm. […] AVNRT occurs when a reentrant circuit forms within or just next to the atrioventricular node. […] The fundamental mechanism of AVNRT is a presence of a dual atrioventricular node physiology (present in half of the population), which acts as a re-entrant circuit within the atrioventricular node. […] This can take several forms. „Typical”, „common”, or „slow-fast” AVNRT uses the slow AV nodal pathway to conduct towards the ventricle (the anterograde limb of the circuit) and the fast AV nodal pathway to conduct to the atria (the retrograde limb). […] Atypical AVNRT may also use the slow AV nodal pathway as the anterograde limb and left atrial fibres that approach the AV node from the left side of the inter-atrial septum as the retrograde limb, and is sometimes referred to as „slow-slow” AVNRT. […] Blood tests commonly performed in people with palpitations are: thyroid function tests (TFTs) an overactive thyroid increases the risk of AVNRT; electrolytes disturbances in potassium, calcium and magnesium may predispose to AVNRT.

• #37 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/a/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. People with AVNRT have episodes of an abnormally fast heartbeat (more than 100 beats per minute) that often start and end suddenly. The episodes are due to an extra pathway — called a reentrant circuit — located in or near the AV node that causes the heart to beat prematurely. […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women, but it can affect anyone. […] For some people, a supraventricular tachycardia episode is related to an obvious trigger, such as psychological stress, lack of sleep or physical activity. For others, there may be no noticeable trigger. Things that may lead to, or cause, an episode include: Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Heart disease, Chronic lung disease, Smoking, Drinking too much alcohol, Consuming too much caffeine, Drug use, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, Certain medications, including asthma medications and over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs, Surgery, Pregnancy, Certain health conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #38 High incidence of atrial fibrillation after successful catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a 15.5-year follow-up | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47980-1

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. […] However, it is known that AVNRT can coexist with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent sustained arrhythmia which is associated with an increase in all-cause mortality and morbidity. […] In this study, 9.7% of patients with AVNRT had concomitant AF. […] An unexpected observation was that 11.9% of patients developed new-onset AF after successful SP ablation. […] Comparing this number with the prevalence of AF in the common population, the risk to develop AF seems to be much higher in patients with AVNRT than in the general population. […] Binary logistic regression revealed that arterial hypertension, age and postinterventional AH interval are associated with a higher risk to develop future AF.

• #39 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/

  AV nodal reentrant tachycardia originates in the AV node. It is due to the presence of an electrical signal pathway called a reentry circuit in the AV node. Patients with AVNRT have 2 functional AV nodal pathways that conduct impulses at different rates and usually are referred to as fast and slow. Episodes of AVNRT can occur spontaneously or may be provoked by multiple factors, including intense exercise, high levels of physiologic stress, consumption of caffeine or alcohol, and use of certain medications, such as beta-antagonists and sympathomimetics. In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.

• #40 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/a/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. People with AVNRT have episodes of an abnormally fast heartbeat (more than 100 beats per minute) that often start and end suddenly. The episodes are due to an extra pathway — called a reentrant circuit — located in or near the AV node that causes the heart to beat prematurely. […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women, but it can affect anyone. […] For some people, a supraventricular tachycardia episode is related to an obvious trigger, such as psychological stress, lack of sleep or physical activity. For others, there may be no noticeable trigger. Things that may lead to, or cause, an episode include: Heart failure, Thyroid disease, Heart disease, Chronic lung disease, Smoking, Drinking too much alcohol, Consuming too much caffeine, Drug use, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, Certain medications, including asthma medications and over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs, Surgery, Pregnancy, Certain health conditions, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

• #41 What is AVNRT (AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia)?

  https://en.taylanakgun.com/avnrt

  AVNRT stems from an error in the electrical signals controlling heartbeats. This condition can be caused by heart diseases, congenital heart defects, sleep apnea, previous heart or lung surgeries, diabetes, thyroid gland problems, certain medications, and electrolyte imbalances. Additionally, factors such as excessive stress, fatigue, caffeine consumption, alcohol and smoking, sleep irregularity can trigger AVNRT episodes. […] AVNRT is generally a benign rhythm disorder and is not life-threatening. However, it can pose a risk if there is an underlying heart condition such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or serious valve problems.

• #42 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22923-avnrt

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of arrhythmia. […] AVNRT can affect anyone, is more common in women than men and can even occur in young, otherwise healthy adults. […] In AVNRT, a premature contraction occurs. The heart has a small extra pathway near the AV node, called a reentrant circuit. The early contraction can make the electrical impulse enter the circuit and circle around. That can cause sudden sustained fast heartbeats. […] Some families may have several members with the condition, suggesting that AVNRT can be inherited, but research has not yet found a genetic explanation. […] SVT is one type of arrhythmia, and AVNRT is the most common type of SVT. […] In rare instances, AVNRT can result in serious complications, such as sudden cardiac arrest. But it is not life-threatening for the vast majority of people.

• #43 AVNRT Causes are Treated at Vejthani Hospital

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is caused by a reentrant circuit, which is an extra pathway in the AV node that causes a patients heart to beat prematurely. […] AVNRT causes the heart to contract too early, which is a defect called premature contraction. This defect may cause the hearts electrical impulse to enter and circle around a small pathway near the AV node. This is a condition called a reentrant circuit which may quickly cause fast heartbeats that are persistent. […] Despite the lack of supporting research, some doctors believe genetics play a role in developing AVNRT as some patients with this disease have a family history of AVNRT.

• #44 Genetics of Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) – VICTR – Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research

  https://victr.vumc.org/biovu-projects/genetics-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt/

  AVNRT is a condition that causes the heart to beat and function irregularly. This is called an arrhythmia. […] It is not clear what causes AVNRT. Things like stress, smoking, and alcohol can make symptoms worse or more frequent. […] Some families have been known to have AVNRT more than others. This research team believes that genes may be linked to the development of AVNRT. […] There isnt a lot of information about why AVNRT happens to some people and not others.

• #45 Familial Occurrence of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia in Mother, Father and Their Daughter – Bulletin of Cardiovasculer Academy

  https://kvbulten.com/articles/familial-occurrence-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-in-mother-father-and-their-daughter/doi/kvbulten.galenos.2023.00719

  Main mechanism of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) results from the competition of two functional simultanously working pathways consisting of fast and slow ones in AV node and is one of the most prevalent form of supraventricular tachycardias seen in the clinic. […] On the other hand, there is no certain evidence that indicates AVNRT has such hereditary etiology so far. […] In this case, we report a family of mother, father and their daughter diagnosed of AVNRT in our clinic.

• #46 High incidence of atrial fibrillation after successful catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a 15.5-year follow-up | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47980-1

  Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. […] However, it is known that AVNRT can coexist with atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent sustained arrhythmia which is associated with an increase in all-cause mortality and morbidity. […] In this study, 9.7% of patients with AVNRT had concomitant AF. […] An unexpected observation was that 11.9% of patients developed new-onset AF after successful SP ablation. […] Comparing this number with the prevalence of AF in the common population, the risk to develop AF seems to be much higher in patients with AVNRT than in the general population. […] Binary logistic regression revealed that arterial hypertension, age and postinterventional AH interval are associated with a higher risk to develop future AF.

• #47 High incidence of atrial fibrillation after successful catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a 15.5-year follow-up | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47980-1

  There are several possible mechanisms which could predispose patients with AVNRT to develop AF. […] This highlights the role of AVNRT as trigger arrhythmia for AF in a selected subgroup of patients. […] In conclusion, the present study which is the largest long-term follow-up study after ablation for AVNRT confirms that SP-ablation has a high success rate also more than fifteen years after ablation. The unexpectedly high incidence of new-onset AF may impact long-term follow-up and requires further clinical attention.

• #48 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-clinical

  Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically characterized by an abrupt onset and termination. Episodes may last from seconds to minutes to days. In the absence of structural heart disease, it is usually well tolerated. […] AVNRT may cause angina or myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease and may cause or worsen heart failure in patients with poor left ventricular function. […] Syncope may occur in patients with a rapid ventricular rate or prolonged tachycardia due to poor ventricular filling, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and reduced cerebral perfusion. Syncope may also occur because of transient asystole when the tachycardia terminates, due to tachycardia-induced depression of the sinus node.

• #49 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT): Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://angolodeldottorino.it/en/Medicine/Cardiology/heart-rhythm-disorders/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia.php

  AVNRT ablation has a success rate exceeding 95% and carries a low risk of recurrence. […] Patients experiencing very frequent, untreated tachycardias may develop tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, a reversible condition characterized by sustained high heart rates leading to ventricular dysfunction.

• #50 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.myfastheart.com/conditions-treatment/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt/

  Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) causes fast beating of the heart, or arrhythmia. It occurs because of one or more extra electrical pathways near the Atrioventricular or AV node allows an electrical impulse to loop back on itself or short circuit. […] AVNRT most often occurs in otherwise normal hearts. The propensity to have AVNRT is likely present from birth or an early age. […] It is not clear why some people with the propensity for AVNRT have frequent episodes that wax and wane in frequency and duration over time whereas others have rare episodes and still others never even have a single episode. […] When the predisposing electrical connections around the AV node exist they cause electrical impulses to loop back to the upper chambers rather than continue only down to the ventricles. Each time the impulse completes the loop it triggers an additional heartbeat and patients may have heart rates of up to 250 beats per minute.

• #51 What Is Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT)? – Rytmedoktor

  https://rytmedoktor.dk/en/what-is-atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-avnr/

  AVNRT is a common condition that is found in approximately 1% of the general population. […] AVNRT is around four times more common in women than it is in men although we do not yet know why. […] AVNRT is an absolutely benign heart rhythm disturbance without any prognostic significance.

• #52 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Current Perspectives | RRCC

  https://www.dovepress.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-current-perspectives-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RRCC

  However, it is still associated with a risk of permanent complete AV block (up to 0-1%). […] Cryoablation, on the other hand, is an effective and safe alternative to RFCA, with no permanent AV block reported in the larger studies, and a comparably excellent acute success rate. […] However, the long-term recurrences are consistently higher than for RFCA among the published studies. […] Despite the large amount of ongoing and new evidence in the electrophysiology field, only limited substantially new approaches concerning the method of performing AVNRT catheter ablation have been introduced recently. […] Slow pathway ablation is still the gold standard, and has been recently confirmed as the first choice treatment for AVNRT compared to drugs; and RFCA and cryoablation have been the two available energy sources for the past 20 years. […] The treatment of AVNRT relies on both pharmacological and interventional approaches, but during recent years catheter ablation, by both RFCA and cryoenergy, has emerged as the first choice treatment, being highly effective and safe.

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