Tachykardia węzłowa z powrotnym pobudzeniem
Epidemiologia

Tachykardia węzłowa z powrotnym pobudzeniem (AVNRT) stanowi około 60% napadowych częstoskurczów nadkomorowych (PSVT), z wyraźną przewagą u kobiet (stosunek 2:1). Częstość występowania PSVT wynosi około 35/100 000 osób rocznie, a rozpowszechnienie w populacji to 2,25/1000. AVNRT najczęściej manifestuje się w wieku około 32 lat, rzadko u dzieci poniżej 5. roku życia, i zwykle występuje u osób z prawidłową strukturą serca, choć może współistnieć z chorobami strukturalnymi, zwłaszcza wrodzonymi wadami serca. Etiologia AVNRT jest wieloczynnikowa, z możliwym wpływem hormonalnym (np. ciąża, fazy cyklu miesiączkowego) oraz potencjalnym, choć nie do końca poznanym, podłożem genetycznym. Wysiłek fizyczny i czynniki środowiskowe (kawa, alkohol) mogą prowokować epizody arytmii, a atypowe formy AVNRT częściej występują u młodych mężczyzn, zwłaszcza sportowców.

  1. Epidemiologia tachykardii węzłowej z powrotnym pobudzeniem
    1. Rozkład płci i wieku
    2. Związek z chorobą strukturalną serca
  2. Czynniki predysponujące i genetyka
    1. Czynniki środowiskowe i tryb życia
  3. Podtypy AVNRT i ich epidemiologia
  4. Nadzór i monitorowanie AVNRT
    1. Metody diagnostyczne w nadzorze nad AVNRT
    2. Metody monitorowania pacjentów z AVNRT
    3. Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy i skutecznego monitorowania
  5. Wpływ AVNRT na jakość życia i koszty opieki zdrowotnej
  6. Perspektywy i badania nad AVNRT
  7. Zalecenia dotyczące nadzoru i monitorowania AVNRT
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Epidemiologia tachykardii węzłowej z powrotnym pobudzeniem

Tachykardia węzłowa z powrotnym pobudzeniem (AVNRT – Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia) jest jednym z najczęstszych typów napadowego częstoskurczu nadkomorowego (PSVT). Stanowi około 60% wszystkich przypadków napadowych częstoskurczów nadkomorowych, z wyraźną przewagą występowania u kobiet.123 Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują, że częstoskurcze nadkomorowe występują z częstością około 35 przypadków na 100 000 osób rocznie, a ich rozpowszechnienie w populacji ogólnej wynosi 2,25 przypadku na 1000 osób.4

Rozkład płci i wieku

AVNRT charakteryzuje się wyraźną przewagą występowania u kobiet, które stanowią około 2/3 wszystkich pacjentów z tym zaburzeniem rytmu serca.56 Stosunek częstości występowania AVNRT u kobiet w porównaniu do mężczyzn wynosi około 2:1.78 Ta dysproporcja płciowa może być związana z różnicami w elektrofizjologicznych właściwościach węzła przedsionkowo-komorowego między kobietami a mężczyznami, co może przyczyniać się do patogenezy AVNRT.9

Jeśli chodzi o wiek, AVNRT może występować w każdym okresie życia, jednak pierwsze objawy najczęściej pojawiają się w okresie dojrzewania lub wczesnej dorosłości.1011 W badaniu obejmującym 231 pacjentów z AVNRT, średni wiek wystąpienia objawów wynosił 32 lata, przy czym u dwóch trzecich pacjentów pierwsze objawy pojawiły się po 20. roku życia.12 Wystąpienie AVNRT po 50. roku życia raportowano u 16% pacjentów, a przed 20. rokiem życia u 18% pacjentów.13

Co istotne, AVNRT rzadko występuje u dzieci poniżej 5. roku życia.1415 W pediatrycznych częstoskurczach nadkomorowych, AVNRT pojawia się zwykle później niż inne typy arytmii, takie jak częstoskurcz przedsionkowo-komorowy nawrotny (AVRT), który manifestuje się średnio o ponad 10 lat wcześniej niż AVNRT.16

Związek z chorobą strukturalną serca

AVNRT najczęściej występuje u osób z prawidłowym sercem, bez współistniejącej strukturalnej choroby serca.1718 Jednak może również wystąpić u pacjentów ze strukturalną chorobą serca.19 U pacjentów z wrodzonymi wadami serca (CHD), szczególnie u tych z przeciążeniem objętościowym i zwiększonym ciśnieniem w prawej części serca, AVNRT może komplikować przebieg leczenia i zdrowienia.20

Warto zauważyć, że chociaż AVNRT samo w sobie nie jest zwykle uważane za zagrażające życiu, jeśli pozostanie nieleczone przez długi czas, może prowadzić do pogorszenia istniejących chorób serca lub przyczynić się do rozwoju nowych.2122 Zmiany te mogą być odwracalne po odpowiednim leczeniu arytmii komorowej.23

Czynniki predysponujące i genetyka

Etiologia AVNRT nie jest w pełni poznana, jednak istnieją pewne czynniki, które mogą predysponować do jej wystąpienia. U kobiet AVNRT może rozwinąć się lub ulec zaostrzeniu podczas ciąży lub w zależności od faz cyklu miesiączkowego, co sugeruje możliwy wpływ hormonalny.24 Obserwuje się również zwiększone występowanie AVNRT w stanach niskiego stężenia estrogenów i wysokiego stężenia progesteronu.25

Opisano rzadkie przypadki rodzinnego występowania AVNRT, co sugeruje możliwy udział czynników genetycznych.26 Niektóre rodziny mogą mieć kilku członków z tym schorzeniem, co wskazuje na możliwość dziedziczenia AVNRT, jednak badania naukowe nie znalazły jeszcze genetycznego wyjaśnienia tego zjawiska.27 Kontynuowane są badania nad przyczynami AVNRT, które mogą ujawnić podstawowe genetyczne podłoże tej arytmii.28

Czynniki środowiskowe i tryb życia

Wysiłek fizyczny może być związany z występowaniem arytmii AVNRT.29 Co ciekawe, atypowe formy AVNRT mogą być częstsze u sportowców niż u innych osób, dotykając zazwyczaj młodych mężczyzn, podczas gdy AVNRT ogólnie częściej dotyka kobiety.30

AVNRT jest zwykle napadowe i może wystąpić spontanicznie u pacjentów lub być sprowokowane wysiłkiem, spożyciem kawy, herbaty lub alkoholu.31 Te czynniki środowiskowe mogą odgrywać rolę w wyzwalaniu epizodów arytmii u predysponowanych osób.

Podtypy AVNRT i ich epidemiologia

Diagnostyka AVNRT obejmuje określenie podtypu AVNRT, którego doświadcza pacjent.32 Wyróżnia się kilka podtypów AVNRT, w zależności od kierunku przewodzenia przez drogi szybkie i wolne w węźle przedsionkowo-komorowym:

  • Typowy AVNRT (slow-fast) – najczęstszy podtyp, stanowiący 80-90% wszystkich przypadków AVNRT. W tym podtypie przewodzenie zstępujące (antegradalne) odbywa się przez drogę wolną, a wstępujące (retrogradalne) przez drogę szybką.333435
  • Atypowy AVNRT – tradycyjnie dzieli się na dwa podtypy: fast-slow oraz slow-slow. W podtypie fast-slow kierunki przewodzenia są odwrócone w porównaniu do typowego AVNRT.3637

38

Rozróżnienie między różnymi formami AVNRT opiera się na: (1) bezwzględnych wartościach odstępów AH i HA; (2) stosunkach AH/HA; (3) wzorcu najwcześniejszej retrogradalnej aktywacji przedsionkowej; oraz (4) identyfikacji dolnej drogi wspólnej.39

Warto zauważyć, że rozróżnienie między podtypami atypowego AVNRT (fast-slow i slow-slow) jest często arbitralne ze względu na brak jednomyślnie przyjętej definicji.40

Nadzór i monitorowanie AVNRT

Nadzór nad AVNRT obejmuje różne metody diagnostyczne i monitorujące, które pomagają w identyfikacji i charakterystyce tej arytmii:

Metody diagnostyczne w nadzorze nad AVNRT

Do diagnozowania tachykardii węzłowej z powrotnym pobudzeniem wykorzystuje się różne metody diagnostyczne:

  • Badanie EKG – podstawowa metoda diagnostyczna, która zwykle pokazuje częstoskurcz o częstości 140-280 uderzeń na minutę z prawidłowymi i regularnymi zespołami QRS.41
  • Monitor Holtera – przydatny w identyfikacji rytmów typowych dla AVNRT w przypadku nawracających epizodów kołatania serca.42
  • Badanie elektrofizjologiczne (EPS) – może być konieczne do potwierdzenia diagnozy, szczególnie jeśli rozważa się terapię ablacyjną.4344
  • Echokardiogram – przydatny w ocenie strukturalnej choroby serca.45

46

Dodatkowo, u pacjentów doświadczających kołatania serca można wykonać badania krwi, takie jak oznaczenie markerów sercowych (w celu wykluczenia zawału mięśnia sercowego), badanie poziomu elektrolitów (w celu identyfikacji zaburzeń potasu, magnezu lub wapnia) lub badanie funkcji tarczycy (nadczynność tarczycy może wyzwalać AVNRT lub inne arytmie).47

Metody monitorowania pacjentów z AVNRT

Monitorowanie pacjentów z AVNRT może obejmować:

  • Tymczasowe monitory serca – pacjenci mogą nosić tymczasowy monitor serca przez dłuższy okres w celu wykrycia epizodów arytmii.48
  • Rejestrator zdarzeń – są to dość łagodne metody monitorowania; pacjent nosi odprowadzenia EKG i urządzenie wielkości telefonu, które rejestruje wszelkie objawy.49

Monitorowanie jest szczególnie ważne w przypadku pacjentów z nawracającymi epizodami AVNRT, aby ocenić częstość i czas trwania arytmii oraz skuteczność leczenia.

Znaczenie wczesnej diagnozy i skutecznego monitorowania

Wczesna diagnoza i skuteczne monitorowanie AVNRT są kluczowe dla optymalizacji wyników leczenia. Ogólne rokowanie dla osób z AVNRT jest pozytywne, szczególnie przy wczesnej diagnozie i leczeniu. Jednak brak badań diagnostycznych i leczenia może zwiększyć ryzyko powikłań związanych z tym schorzeniem.50

Chociaż AVNRT zazwyczaj nie jest niebezpieczne, w rzadkich przypadkach może być. Opóźniona diagnoza może zwiększyć ryzyko powikłań. Stąd tak ważne jest ciągłe leczenie w celu regulacji AVNRT i zapobiegania powikłaniom.51

Wpływ AVNRT na jakość życia i koszty opieki zdrowotnej

AVNRT może znacząco wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów. Jest to rodzaj nieprawidłowego rytmu serca, który może znacząco wpływać na jakość życia osoby. Może również prowadzić do wysokich kosztów medycznych, ponieważ często powoduje częste wizyty i pobyty w szpitalu.52

Badania sugerują, że procedura znana jako ablacja cewnikowa (CA) może być pomocnym leczeniem. Procedura ta może poprawić jakość życia i zmniejszyć koszty medyczne dla pacjentów z AVNRT, szczególnie w porównaniu z lekami, które kontrolują nieprawidłowe rytmy serca.53

Najnowsze wytyczne od specjalistów w dziedzinie opieki zdrowotnej uznają tę procedurę za najlepszą rekomendację w leczeniu AVNRT.54 Wskaźnik powodzenia tego leczenia w długim okresie jest wysoki. Istnieje bardzo mała szansa (zaledwie 1,5%) nawrotu choroby, jak pokazuje kilka badań.55

Perspektywy i badania nad AVNRT

Badania nad AVNRT wciąż trwają, a naukowcy stale pogłębiają zrozumienie mechanizmów elektrofizjologicznych leżących u podstaw tej arytmii. Ostatnie badania sugerują trójwymiarowy węzeł przedsionkowo-komorowy z większą zmiennością w stałej przestrzennej tkanki i słabą łącznością złącza szczelinowego z powodu różnicowej ekspresji izoform koneksyny, co zapewnia wyjaśnienie podwójnego przewodzenia i arytmogenezy węzłowej nawrotnej.56

Naukowcy badają również wpływ autonomicznego układu nerwowego (ANS) na nagłe epizody nieprawidłowego rytmu AVNRT. Chociaż wiadomo, że aktywność autonomicznego układu nerwowego wpływa na nagłe epizody nieprawidłowego rytmu AVNRT, szczegółowy mechanizm nie jest w pełni poznany.57 Badania modelowe badają początek, trwałość i spontaniczne zakończenie typowych i atypowych form AVNRT pod wpływem modulacji ANS.58

Wyniki uzyskane w badaniach są zgodne z danymi klinicznymi i eksperymentalnymi i stanowią nowy krok w kierunku zrozumienia elektrofizjologicznych mechanizmów tego typu arytmii.59

Zalecenia dotyczące nadzoru i monitorowania AVNRT

Na podstawie aktualnych badań i wytycznych, można sformułować następujące zalecenia dotyczące nadzoru i monitorowania pacjentów z AVNRT:

  • Pacjenci z podejrzeniem AVNRT powinni przejść kompleksową ocenę, w tym badanie EKG, a w przypadku nawracających epizodów – monitoring Holtera.60
  • W przypadku nawracających i objawowych epizodów AVNRT, wskazane jest skierowanie do kardiologa, szczególnie elektrofizjologa, w celu dalszej diagnostyki.61
  • Badanie elektrofizjologiczne (EPS) jest złotym standardem w diagnostyce AVNRT i może być połączone z ablacją jako leczeniem.62
  • Regularne monitorowanie jest zalecane u pacjentów z czynnikami ryzyka, takimi jak strukturalna choroba serca.63
  • U dzieci i młodzieży z AVNRT, zalecana jest opieka pediatrycznego elektrofizjologa lub specjalisty w dziedzinie zaburzeń rytmu serca u dzieci.64

Podsumowując, tachykardia węzłowa z powrotnym pobudzeniem jest najczęstszym typem napadowego częstoskurczu nadkomorowego, z przewagą występowania u kobiet, zwłaszcza młodych. Chociaż zwykle nie jest zagrażająca życiu, może znacząco wpływać na jakość życia pacjentów. Wczesna diagnostyka, odpowiednie monitorowanie i skuteczne leczenie są kluczowe dla zminimalizowania wpływu AVNRT na życie pacjentów i zmniejszenia kosztów opieki zdrowotnej.

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 09.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499936/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that results due to the presence of a re-entry circuit within or adjacent to the AV node. […] The prevalence of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia globally is similar to the United States. Close to 60% of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is AVNRT, with approximately two-thirds of that in women. A study found that the majority of patients presenting with symptoms due to AVNRT are in their twenties, but some patients might present with AVNRT in their seventh or eighth decade.
  • #2 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] In the United States, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) occurs in 60% of patients (with a female predominance) presenting with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the other major types being bypass-mediated tachycardias and atrial tachycardias. […] SVT has a prevalence of 2.25 cases per 1000 in the general population and an incidence of 35 per 100,000 patients. […] AVNRT may occur in persons of any age. It is common in young adults, but some patients do not present until their seventh or eighth decade or later.
  • #3 Common Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Diagnosis and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1015/p942.html
    AVNRT is the most common SVT in adults (approximately 50 to 60 percent). […] AVRT is most common in children (accounts for approximately 30 percent of all SVTs). […] The most common type of SVT is AVNRT. Most patients with AVNRT do not have structural heart disease; the group most often affected is young, healthy women. […] The coexistence of slow and fast pathways in atrioventricular nodal tissue is the basis of aberrant substrate for reentrant tachyarrhythmias. […] AVNRT and AVRT are electrical aberrancies that occur mainly as a result of reentry. […] SVTs (excluding atrial fibrillation or flutter and multifocal AT) have an estimated incidence of 35 per 100,000 person-years, with a prevalence of 2.29 per 1,000 persons.
  • #4 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] In the United States, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) occurs in 60% of patients (with a female predominance) presenting with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the other major types being bypass-mediated tachycardias and atrial tachycardias. […] SVT has a prevalence of 2.25 cases per 1000 in the general population and an incidence of 35 per 100,000 patients. […] AVNRT may occur in persons of any age. It is common in young adults, but some patients do not present until their seventh or eighth decade or later.
  • #5 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK499936/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that results due to the presence of a re-entry circuit within or adjacent to the AV node. […] The prevalence of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia globally is similar to the United States. Close to 60% of the paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is AVNRT, with approximately two-thirds of that in women. A study found that the majority of patients presenting with symptoms due to AVNRT are in their twenties, but some patients might present with AVNRT in their seventh or eighth decade.
  • #6 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #7 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #8 AVNRT | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/avnrt/24391766
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, is a type of tachycardia (fast rhythm) of the heart. It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), meaning that it originates from a location within the heart above the bundle of His. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia is the most common regular supraventricular tachycardia. It is more common in women than men (approximately 75% of cases occur in females). The main symptom is palpitations. Treatment may be with specific physical maneuvers, medication, or, rarely, synchronized cardioversion. Frequent attacks may require radiofrequency ablation, in which the abnormally conducting tissue in the heart is destroyed. AVNRT occurs when a reentry circuit forms within or just next to the atrioventricular node. The circuit usually involves two anatomical pathways: the fast pathway and the slow pathway, which are both in the right atrium. The slow pathway (which is usually targeted for ablation) is located inferior and slightly posterior to the AV node, often following the anterior margin of the coronary sinus. The fast pathway is usually located just superior and posterior to the AV node. These pathways are formed from tissue that behaves very much like the AV node, and some authors regard them as part of the AV node. The fast and slow pathways should not be confused with the accessory pathways that give rise to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome) or atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT). In AVNRT, the fast and slow pathways are located within the right atrium close to or within the AV node and exhibit electrophysiologic properties similar to AV nodal tissue. Accessory pathways that give rise to WPW syndrome and AVRT are located in the atrioventricular valvular rings. They provide a direct connection between the atria and ventricles, and have electrophysiologic properties similar to ventricular myocardium.
  • #9 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #10 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #11 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/160215-overview
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] In the United States, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) occurs in 60% of patients (with a female predominance) presenting with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), the other major types being bypass-mediated tachycardias and atrial tachycardias. […] SVT has a prevalence of 2.25 cases per 1000 in the general population and an incidence of 35 per 100,000 patients. […] AVNRT may occur in persons of any age. It is common in young adults, but some patients do not present until their seventh or eighth decade or later.
  • #12 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #13 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #14 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #15 Supraventricular Tachycardia | 5-Minute Pediatric Consult
    https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/617022/all/Supraventricular_Tachycardia?q=Chest+Pain
    SVT is the most common arrhythmia in childhood. […] Incidence of SVT is 35 per 100,000 per year. […] Prevalence of SVT is 1 in 250 to 25,000 children. […] AVNRT rarely occurs before age 2 years. […] 5060% of pediatric patients with SVT present in the 1st year of life.
  • #16 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Musculoskeletal Key
    https://musculoskeletalkey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AVNRT is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT is unusual in children less than 5 years of age, and it typically initially manifests in early life (e.g., in the teens). […] Conversely, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) manifests earlier, with an average of more than 10 years separating the time of clinical presentation of AVRT and that of AVNRT. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] In fact, female sex and older age (i.e., teens versus newborns or young children) favor the diagnosis of AVNRT over AVRT. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN electrophysiological (EP) properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT.
  • #17 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #18 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) – Supraventricular Tachycardias – Supraventricular Arrhythmias – Cardiac Arrhythmias – Cardiovascular Diseases – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine
    https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.2.6.2.
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a paroxysmal tachycardia that occurs in patients with dual atrioventricular (AV) node physiology, as they have both a fast nodal pathway with a longer refractory period and a slow nodal pathway with a shorter refractory period. It is most commonly observed in individuals with no underlying structural heart disease. […] AVNRT usually occurs in young patients, causing paroxysmal palpitations that abruptly start and stop. The palpitations are usually relatively well tolerated, as no concomitant structural heart disease is found and the heart rates are usually 170 to 180 beats/min. […] In patients with poorly tolerated AVNRT, recurrent attacks, and significant symptoms, as well as in those with mild and well-tolerated symptoms who wish to achieve a complete cure of AVNRT, catheter ablation of the slow pathway is indicated. This is the most successful treatment method, although associated with a low risk (0.5%-1%) of AV block requiring pacemaker implantation.
  • #19 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #20 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically first identified in young adults who do not have structural or ischemic heart disease, and occurs more frequently in women. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia tends to be paroxysmal. […] In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.
  • #21 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically first identified in young adults who do not have structural or ischemic heart disease, and occurs more frequently in women. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia tends to be paroxysmal. […] In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.
  • #22 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/avnrt/symptoms-causes/syc-20573830
    Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of irregular heartbeat, also called an arrhythmia. It is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). […] AVNRT tends to occur more often in young women. But anyone can have it at any age. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is caused by faulty electrical signaling in the heart. Electrical signals control the heartbeat. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is more common in young women. But anyone can get it. […] Possible complications of AVNRT are: Worsening of existing heart disease. Sudden stopping of all heart activity, called sudden cardiac arrest.
  • #23 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically first identified in young adults who do not have structural or ischemic heart disease, and occurs more frequently in women. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia tends to be paroxysmal. […] In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.
  • #24 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically first identified in young adults who do not have structural or ischemic heart disease, and occurs more frequently in women. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia tends to be paroxysmal. […] In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.
  • #25 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry
    https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/CV/EKG/AtrvntrclrNdlRntry.htm
    Most common overall (60 to 66% of cases) type of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) […] Most common in young adults, especially women […] Typically there is no underlying structural heart disease […] Increased onset with low Estrogen and high Progesterone states.
  • #26 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia – UpToDate
    https://www.uptodate.com/contents/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/print
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of regular, sustained, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), accounting for nearly two-thirds of all PSVTs, and is more common in female patients. […] AVNRT can present at any age; however, patients usually experience their first episode in adolescence or young adulthood. In a series of 231 patients with AVNRT, the mean age of symptom onset was 32 years, with two-thirds of cases beginning after the age of 20. […] AVNRT usually occurs in patients with otherwise normal hearts; however, it can occur in patients with structural heart disease. […] Rare cases of familial AVNRT have also been reported.
  • #27 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22923-avnrt
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of arrhythmia. A person with AVNRT experiences sudden episodes of an abnormally fast heartbeat. AVNRT can affect anyone, is more common in women than men and can even occur in young, otherwise healthy adults. AVNRT is the most common kind of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) due to an extra electrical pathway. SVT is one type of arrhythmia, and AVNRT is the most common type of SVT. In AVNRT, a premature contraction occurs. Some families may have several members with the condition, suggesting that AVNRT can be inherited, but research has not yet found a genetic explanation. In rare instances, AVNRT can result in serious complications, such as sudden cardiac arrest. But it is not life-threatening for the vast majority of people.
  • #28 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] It is a common type of what’s called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a cardiac arrhythmia that often affects younger adults resulting in symptoms of dizziness or trouble breathing. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. […] Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females. […] Diagnosis of AVNRT will include the subtype of AVNRT you experience. […] The slow-fast subtype being the most common. […] It accounts for 80% to 84% of AVNRT episodes in the general population. […] While AVNRT is typically not life-threatening, it can cause symptoms that require treatment. […] It also can occur with another health condition that needs to be treated, such as heart failure.
  • #29 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] It is a common type of what’s called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a cardiac arrhythmia that often affects younger adults resulting in symptoms of dizziness or trouble breathing. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. […] Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females. […] Diagnosis of AVNRT will include the subtype of AVNRT you experience. […] The slow-fast subtype being the most common. […] It accounts for 80% to 84% of AVNRT episodes in the general population. […] While AVNRT is typically not life-threatening, it can cause symptoms that require treatment. […] It also can occur with another health condition that needs to be treated, such as heart failure.
  • #30 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] It is a common type of what’s called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a cardiac arrhythmia that often affects younger adults resulting in symptoms of dizziness or trouble breathing. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. […] Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females. […] Diagnosis of AVNRT will include the subtype of AVNRT you experience. […] The slow-fast subtype being the most common. […] It accounts for 80% to 84% of AVNRT episodes in the general population. […] While AVNRT is typically not life-threatening, it can cause symptoms that require treatment. […] It also can occur with another health condition that needs to be treated, such as heart failure.
  • #31 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #32 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] It is a common type of what’s called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a cardiac arrhythmia that often affects younger adults resulting in symptoms of dizziness or trouble breathing. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. […] Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females. […] Diagnosis of AVNRT will include the subtype of AVNRT you experience. […] The slow-fast subtype being the most common. […] It accounts for 80% to 84% of AVNRT episodes in the general population. […] While AVNRT is typically not life-threatening, it can cause symptoms that require treatment. […] It also can occur with another health condition that needs to be treated, such as heart failure.
  • #33 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #34 About Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
    https://www.verywellhealth.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-avnrt-1746235
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rapid, regular heartbeat that starts suddenly and without warning and may stop just as abruptly. […] It is a common type of what’s called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), a cardiac arrhythmia that often affects younger adults resulting in symptoms of dizziness or trouble breathing. […] Research continues into the causes of AVNRT, and there may be an underlying genetic reason for why you may develop the arrhythmia. […] Exercise can be associated with AVNRT arrhythmias. […] Atypical forms of AVNRT may be more common in athletes than in others, typically affecting young males while AVNRT overall more often affects females. […] Diagnosis of AVNRT will include the subtype of AVNRT you experience. […] The slow-fast subtype being the most common. […] It accounts for 80% to 84% of AVNRT episodes in the general population. […] While AVNRT is typically not life-threatening, it can cause symptoms that require treatment. […] It also can occur with another health condition that needs to be treated, such as heart failure.
  • #35 AVNRT | PPT
    https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/avnrt/24391766
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common type of supraventricular tachycardia. It involves a reentrant circuit utilizing the fast and slow pathways within the AV node. […] There are typical and atypical forms of AVNRT depending on the direction of conduction through the fast and slow pathways. In typical AVNRT, antegrade conduction is down the slow pathway and retrograde up the fast pathway. In atypical AVNRT the directions are reversed. […] Management of AVNRT includes slow-pathway ablation, which may be considered at the discretion of the physician when sustained (more than 30 seconds) AVNRT is induced incidentally during an ablation procedure directed at a different clinical tachycardia. […] The incidence of retrograde conduction through the AV node decreased. The cycle length of induced AVNRT increased.
  • #36 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common form of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] AVNRT is unusual in children younger than 5 years, and it typically initially manifests in early adult life (e.g., in the teens). […] The absolute number of patients with AVNRT and its proportion of paroxysmal SVT increase with age. […] AVNRT onset has been reported after the age of 50 years in 16% and before the age of 20 years in 18%. […] There is also a striking 2:1 predominance of AVNRT in women, in whom symptoms start at a significantly younger age. […] Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AVN EP properties have been observed and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AVNRT. […] AVNRT can manifest in different forms depending on the anatomic substrate forming the anterograde and retrograde pathways incorporated in the reentry circuit.
  • #37 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management – The Cardiovascular
    https://ecgwaves.com/topic/av-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachyarrrhythmia-reentry/
    In atypical AVNRT the fast pathway conducts the impulse in antegrade direction while the slow pathway conducts it in the retrograde direction. […] The RP interval (i.e the time interval from R-wave to P-wave) is fundamental to assess when managing arrhythmias with visible P-waves. […] Typical AVNRT has a short RP interval (i.e shorter than half the RP interval). […] Almost 90% of all cases of AVNRT will be terminated using this algorithm. […] Radiofrequency ablation cures virtually all patients who are referred for intervention.
  • #38 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Typical AVNRT (anterograde slow-retrograde fast) accounts for 90% of AVNRTs. […] Atypical AVNRT variants are traditionally subclassified as either fast-slow or slow-slow types. […] The distinction between these various forms of AVNRT has been based on: (1) the absolute values of the AH and HA intervals; (2) the AH/HA ratios; (3) the pattern of earliest retrograde atrial activation; and (4) the identification of a lower common pathway.
  • #39 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | Thoracic Key
    https://thoracickey.com/atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-4/
    Typical AVNRT (anterograde slow-retrograde fast) accounts for 90% of AVNRTs. […] Atypical AVNRT variants are traditionally subclassified as either fast-slow or slow-slow types. […] The distinction between these various forms of AVNRT has been based on: (1) the absolute values of the AH and HA intervals; (2) the AH/HA ratios; (3) the pattern of earliest retrograde atrial activation; and (4) the identification of a lower common pathway.
  • #40 Classification, Electrophysiological Features and Therapy of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | AER Journal
    https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/classification-electrophysiological-features-and-therapy-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant?language_content_entity=en
    The distinction between fast-slow and slow-slow atypical AVNRT is often arbitrary in view of the lack of a unanimously accepted definition. […] Thus, tachycardias with a relatively prolonged AH interval but an AH/ HA ratio 1 cannot be reliably classified as either fast-slow or slow-slow. […] The electrophysiological proof of the existence of a lower common pathway depends on several assumptions that may not be valid, in a way that even if a lower common pathway exists, applied methodologies are unable to accurately detect and measure it. […] Chronic administration of antiarrhythmic drugs (such as -blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, flecainide or propafenone) may be ineffective in up to 50 % of cases. […] Thus, catheter ablation is the current treatment of choice.
  • #41 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #42 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #43 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #44 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, or AVNRT in endurance athletes? – Triathlon Forum – Slowtwitch Forum
    https://forum.slowtwitch.com/t/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-or-avnrt-in-endurance-athletes/1281181
    AVNRT is one of several re-entrant atrial dysthymias. […] The rhythm is typically precipitated by a premature beat which falls at just the right time in the cardiac cycle that a self-perpetuating rhythm sets up. […] As others have noticed, it typically has a very high rate, sometimes north of 200bpm. […] It is susceptible to maneuvers that increase the tone of your vagal nerve (in charge of slowing your heart). […] These are pretty benign, you wear ECG leads and a device the size of a phone that records any symptoms. […] To formally and rigorously diagnose and treat it, an invasive catheter based electrophysiology study is done. […] You need to contact a cardiologist, specifically an electrophysiologist to work this up. […] Recovery from an EP study/ablation is pretty easy. […] AVNRT is the easiest rhythm to ablate with a 90% success rate on one try.
  • #45 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #46 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #47 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #48 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, or AVNRT in endurance athletes? – Triathlon Forum – Slowtwitch Forum
    https://forum.slowtwitch.com/t/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-or-avnrt-in-endurance-athletes/1281181
    An enlarged left atrium can lead to atrial fibrillation. […] They will most likely have you wear a temporary heart monitor for an extended period of time. […] If either of those are part of your regular lifestyle, it would seem to be a mistake to combine them with endurance exercise, which is also considered to be a contributing risk factor.
  • #49 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, or AVNRT in endurance athletes? – Triathlon Forum – Slowtwitch Forum
    https://forum.slowtwitch.com/t/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-or-avnrt-in-endurance-athletes/1281181
    AVNRT is one of several re-entrant atrial dysthymias. […] The rhythm is typically precipitated by a premature beat which falls at just the right time in the cardiac cycle that a self-perpetuating rhythm sets up. […] As others have noticed, it typically has a very high rate, sometimes north of 200bpm. […] It is susceptible to maneuvers that increase the tone of your vagal nerve (in charge of slowing your heart). […] These are pretty benign, you wear ECG leads and a device the size of a phone that records any symptoms. […] To formally and rigorously diagnose and treat it, an invasive catheter based electrophysiology study is done. […] You need to contact a cardiologist, specifically an electrophysiologist to work this up. […] Recovery from an EP study/ablation is pretty easy. […] AVNRT is the easiest rhythm to ablate with a 90% success rate on one try.
  • #50 AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentHealthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia
    AVNRT belongs to an umbrella group of conditions called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), which itself is a subset of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SVTs affect the upper atria of your heart and can cause heart rates over 100 beats per minute. […] Experts consider AVNRT the most common type of PSVT, making up about 60% of all cases. It’s most common in females. Symptoms usually appear by your 20s but can sometimes develop later in life. […] The overall outlook for people with AVNRT is positive, particularly with early diagnosis and treatment. However, a lack of diagnostic testing and treatment could increase the risk of complications associated with this condition. […] AVNRT isn’t typically dangerous, but it can be in rare cases. A delayed diagnosis may increase your risk of complications. Ongoing treatment is key to regulating AVNRT and preventing complications. […] AVNRT is a type of PSVT that usually develops by early adulthood. However, due to its association with other heart conditions, some people develop AVNRT much later in life. The signs of an increased heart rate are sporadic, and not everyone experiences symptoms.
  • #51 AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Causes, Symptoms, and TreatmentHealthline
    https://www.healthline.com/health/arrhythmia/av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia
    AVNRT belongs to an umbrella group of conditions called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), which itself is a subset of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). SVTs affect the upper atria of your heart and can cause heart rates over 100 beats per minute. […] Experts consider AVNRT the most common type of PSVT, making up about 60% of all cases. It’s most common in females. Symptoms usually appear by your 20s but can sometimes develop later in life. […] The overall outlook for people with AVNRT is positive, particularly with early diagnosis and treatment. However, a lack of diagnostic testing and treatment could increase the risk of complications associated with this condition. […] AVNRT isn’t typically dangerous, but it can be in rare cases. A delayed diagnosis may increase your risk of complications. Ongoing treatment is key to regulating AVNRT and preventing complications. […] AVNRT is a type of PSVT that usually develops by early adulthood. However, due to its association with other heart conditions, some people develop AVNRT much later in life. The signs of an increased heart rate are sporadic, and not everyone experiences symptoms.
  • #52 Electrophysiology Study and Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (Ablation) – MD Searchlight
    https://mdsearchlight.com/therapeutics/electrophysiology-study-and-ablation-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-ablation/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, or AVNRT, is a common type of rapid heart rhythm disorder. This condition is typically treated with a procedure called catheter ablation. The majority of people affected by AVNRT are young to middle-aged adults who are otherwise healthy, with women being more commonly affected than men. […] AVNRT is a type of abnormal heart rhythm that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. It can also result in high medical costs because it often causes frequent hospital visits and stays. Studies suggest that a procedure known as catheter ablation (CA) can be a helpful treatment. This procedure can increase quality of life and reduce medical costs for patients with AVNRT, especially when compared to drugs that control abnormal heart rhythms. […] Recent guidelines from professionals in the healthcare field consider this procedure as a top recommendation for treating AVNRT.
  • #53 Electrophysiology Study and Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (Ablation) – MD Searchlight
    https://mdsearchlight.com/therapeutics/electrophysiology-study-and-ablation-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-ablation/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, or AVNRT, is a common type of rapid heart rhythm disorder. This condition is typically treated with a procedure called catheter ablation. The majority of people affected by AVNRT are young to middle-aged adults who are otherwise healthy, with women being more commonly affected than men. […] AVNRT is a type of abnormal heart rhythm that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. It can also result in high medical costs because it often causes frequent hospital visits and stays. Studies suggest that a procedure known as catheter ablation (CA) can be a helpful treatment. This procedure can increase quality of life and reduce medical costs for patients with AVNRT, especially when compared to drugs that control abnormal heart rhythms. […] Recent guidelines from professionals in the healthcare field consider this procedure as a top recommendation for treating AVNRT.
  • #54 Electrophysiology Study and Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (Ablation) – MD Searchlight
    https://mdsearchlight.com/therapeutics/electrophysiology-study-and-ablation-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-ablation/
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, or AVNRT, is a common type of rapid heart rhythm disorder. This condition is typically treated with a procedure called catheter ablation. The majority of people affected by AVNRT are young to middle-aged adults who are otherwise healthy, with women being more commonly affected than men. […] AVNRT is a type of abnormal heart rhythm that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. It can also result in high medical costs because it often causes frequent hospital visits and stays. Studies suggest that a procedure known as catheter ablation (CA) can be a helpful treatment. This procedure can increase quality of life and reduce medical costs for patients with AVNRT, especially when compared to drugs that control abnormal heart rhythms. […] Recent guidelines from professionals in the healthcare field consider this procedure as a top recommendation for treating AVNRT.
  • #55 Electrophysiology Study and Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (Ablation) – MD Searchlight
    https://mdsearchlight.com/therapeutics/electrophysiology-study-and-ablation-of-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia-ablation/
    AVNRT (Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. […] The success rate of this treatment over a long time is high. There’s a very low chance (as little as 1.5%) of the condition coming back, as shown by several studies.
  • #56 Classification, Electrophysiological Features and Therapy of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia | AER Journal
    https://www.aerjournal.com/articles/classification-electrophysiological-features-and-therapy-atrioventricular-nodal-reentrant?language_content_entity=en
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) should be classified as typical or atypical. […] Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) denotes re-entry in the area of the AV node, and represents the most common regular arrhythmia in the human. […] Recent studies suggest a three-dimensional AV node with greater variability in the space constant of tissue and poor gap junction connectivity due to differential expression of connexin isoforms, that provide an explanation of dual conduction and nodal reentrant arrhythmogenesis. […] Classification schemes for AVNRT have been mainly based on the conventional concept of longitudinally dissociated dual AV nodal pathways that conduct around a central obstacle. […] There are several inherent limitations of this classification.
  • #57 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination in rabbit atrioventricular node model with autonomic nervous system control | bioRxiv
    https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598392v1
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is known to affect sudden episodes of abnormal AVNRT rhythm, but the detailed underlying mechanism is not fully understood. […] Using the model, we examine the onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination of typical and atypical forms of AVNRT under ANS modulation. […] The results obtained are consistent with clinical and experimental data and represent a new step toward understanding the electrophysiological mechanisms of this type of arrhythmia.
  • #58 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination in rabbit atrioventricular node model with autonomic nervous system control | bioRxiv
    https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598392v1
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is known to affect sudden episodes of abnormal AVNRT rhythm, but the detailed underlying mechanism is not fully understood. […] Using the model, we examine the onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination of typical and atypical forms of AVNRT under ANS modulation. […] The results obtained are consistent with clinical and experimental data and represent a new step toward understanding the electrophysiological mechanisms of this type of arrhythmia.
  • #59 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination in rabbit atrioventricular node model with autonomic nervous system control | bioRxiv
    https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.598392v1
    Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. […] The autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is known to affect sudden episodes of abnormal AVNRT rhythm, but the detailed underlying mechanism is not fully understood. […] Using the model, we examine the onset, sustainability, and spontaneous termination of typical and atypical forms of AVNRT under ANS modulation. […] The results obtained are consistent with clinical and experimental data and represent a new step toward understanding the electrophysiological mechanisms of this type of arrhythmia.
  • #60 AVNRT for two • LITFL • ECG Library Diagnosis
    https://litfl.com/avnrt-for-two/
    Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia is a type of supraventricular tachycardia (ie it originates above the level of the Bundle of His) and is the commonest cause of palpitations in patients with hearts exhibiting no structurally abnormality. […] AVNRT is typically paroxysmal and may occur spontaneously in patients or upon provocation with exertion, coffee, tea or alcohol. It is more common in women than men (~75% of cases occurring in women) and may occur in young and healthy patients as well as those suffering chronic heart disease. […] The ECG will typically show a tachycardia of 140-280 bpm with normal and regular QRS complexes. There will be either […] For recurrent episodes of palpitations, a Holter monitor and EPS may be useful in identifying rhythms typical of AVNRT. An echocardiogram may be useful in evaluating for structural heart disease and electrophysiological studies may be necessary if considering ablative therapy. Blood tests that may be appropriate in patients experiencing palpitations include cardiac markers (to investigate for myocardial infarction), urea and electrolytes (to identify imbalances in potassium, magnesium or calcium) or thyroid function tests (hyperthyroidism may trigger AVNRT or other arrhythmias).
  • #61 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, or AVNRT in endurance athletes? – Triathlon Forum – Slowtwitch Forum
    https://forum.slowtwitch.com/t/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-or-avnrt-in-endurance-athletes/1281181
    AVNRT is one of several re-entrant atrial dysthymias. […] The rhythm is typically precipitated by a premature beat which falls at just the right time in the cardiac cycle that a self-perpetuating rhythm sets up. […] As others have noticed, it typically has a very high rate, sometimes north of 200bpm. […] It is susceptible to maneuvers that increase the tone of your vagal nerve (in charge of slowing your heart). […] These are pretty benign, you wear ECG leads and a device the size of a phone that records any symptoms. […] To formally and rigorously diagnose and treat it, an invasive catheter based electrophysiology study is done. […] You need to contact a cardiologist, specifically an electrophysiologist to work this up. […] Recovery from an EP study/ablation is pretty easy. […] AVNRT is the easiest rhythm to ablate with a 90% success rate on one try.
  • #62 Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, or AVNRT in endurance athletes? – Triathlon Forum – Slowtwitch Forum
    https://forum.slowtwitch.com/t/atrioventricular-nodal-reentry-tachycardia-or-avnrt-in-endurance-athletes/1281181
    AVNRT is one of several re-entrant atrial dysthymias. […] The rhythm is typically precipitated by a premature beat which falls at just the right time in the cardiac cycle that a self-perpetuating rhythm sets up. […] As others have noticed, it typically has a very high rate, sometimes north of 200bpm. […] It is susceptible to maneuvers that increase the tone of your vagal nerve (in charge of slowing your heart). […] These are pretty benign, you wear ECG leads and a device the size of a phone that records any symptoms. […] To formally and rigorously diagnose and treat it, an invasive catheter based electrophysiology study is done. […] You need to contact a cardiologist, specifically an electrophysiologist to work this up. […] Recovery from an EP study/ablation is pretty easy. […] AVNRT is the easiest rhythm to ablate with a 90% success rate on one try.
  • #63 AVNRT: AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia – The Cardiology Advisor
    https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/avnrt-av-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia/
    AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is typically first identified in young adults who do not have structural or ischemic heart disease, and occurs more frequently in women. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia tends to be paroxysmal. […] In women, AVNRT may develop or be exacerbated by pregnancy or phases of the menstrual cycle. […] If left untreated for long periods, uncontrolled AVNRT may cause other cardiac conditions or exacerbate existing ones; these may be reversible if the ventricular arrhythmia is adequately treated. […] AV nodal reentrant tachycardia may complicate the course of treatment and recovery for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly those affected by volume overload and right heart pressure.
  • #64 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) – Paces
    https://www.pacesep.org/patient-resources/avnrt/
    AV-nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a type of SVT that begins in the upper chambers of the heart (Atria) and travels through an abnormal electrical circuit within the AV node. […] Although AVNRT is not usually dangerous, if left untreated it can affect the hearts ability to pump normally. […] Your doctor or health care team may refer you to a pediatric electrophysiologist (EP) or someone who specializes in children with heart rhythm disorders. […] An EP Study and ablation is a curative procedure for SVT. […] Typically, children and adolescents with AVNRT do not have activity restrictions but understanding what triggers an individual’s SVT like exercise or strenuous activity can help avoid further episodes.

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